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WO2013047910A1 - Method for evaluating degree of cancerization - Google Patents

Method for evaluating degree of cancerization Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013047910A1
WO2013047910A1 PCT/JP2012/075879 JP2012075879W WO2013047910A1 WO 2013047910 A1 WO2013047910 A1 WO 2013047910A1 JP 2012075879 W JP2012075879 W JP 2012075879W WO 2013047910 A1 WO2013047910 A1 WO 2013047910A1
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seq
base sequence
homology
represented
complementary
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
祥隆 冨ケ原
佐藤 日出夫
弘和 樽井
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Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd
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Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12QMEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6876Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
    • C12Q1/6883Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material
    • C12Q1/6886Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material for cancer
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12QMEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q2600/00Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
    • C12Q2600/112Disease subtyping, staging or classification
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12QMEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q2600/00Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
    • C12Q2600/154Methylation markers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for evaluating the degree of canceration of a mammal-derived specimen.
  • the present invention relates to a DNA region represented by any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 19 in a DNA present in a cancer tissue specimen or a biological sample such as blood, serum, plasma, body fluid, body secretion, feces and urine derived from a cancer patient.
  • a DNA present in a cancer tissue specimen or a biological sample such as blood, serum, plasma, body fluid, body secretion, feces and urine derived from a cancer patient.
  • biological samples such as immortalized normal cell lines or normal tissue samples, or blood, serum, plasma, body fluids, body secretions, manure, etc. Based on the knowledge that it is methylated at a significantly high frequency. That is, the present invention 1.
  • a method for evaluating the degree of canceration of a mammal-derived specimen (1) a first step of measuring a methylation frequency of one or more DNAs having a base sequence selected from the following base sequences contained in a mammal-derived specimen or an index value correlated therewith, and (2) measurement Evaluation method comprising a second step of determining the degree of canceration of the specimen based on a difference obtained by comparing the control value with a methylation frequency or an index value correlated therewith (hereinafter, evaluation of the present invention) (It may be described as a method.): (A) a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, (B) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 1 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 1, (C) a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or a base sequence
  • the evaluation method according to 1 above, wherein the mammal-derived specimen is a cell; 3. 2. The evaluation method according to 1 above, wherein the mammal-derived specimen is a tissue; 4). The evaluation method according to 1 above, wherein the mammal-derived specimen is a biological sample; 5.
  • a method for evaluating the degree of canceration of a mammal-derived specimen (1) a first step of measuring the methylation frequency of one or more DNAs having a base sequence selected from the following base sequences contained in a mammal-derived specimen; and (2) the measured methylation frequency;
  • An evaluation method comprising a second step of determining the degree of canceration of the specimen based on a difference obtained by comparing with a control: (A) a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, (B) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 1 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 1, (C) a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2, (D) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO:
  • the evaluation method according to 7 above, wherein the tissue is lung tissue; 11. 8. The evaluation method according to 7 above, wherein the tissue is mammary gland tissue; 12 9. The evaluation method according to 8 above, wherein the biological sample is any one of blood, serum, plasma, body fluid, body secretion, and excreta; 13.
  • the methylation frequency of the DNA is the methylation frequency of cytosine in one or more base sequences represented by 5′-CG-3 ′ present in the base sequence of the DNA.
  • Evaluation method of 14 A method for evaluating the degree of canceration of a mammal-derived specimen, (1) a first step of measuring an index value correlated with the methylation frequency of one or more DNAs having a base sequence selected from the following base sequences contained in a mammal-derived specimen; and (2) measured And a second step of determining the degree of canceration of the specimen based on a difference obtained by comparing the methylation frequency or an index value correlated therewith with a control: (A) a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, (B) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 1 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 1, (C) a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2, (D) a nu
  • the correlated index value is the amount of any expression product of a gene existing downstream of at least one DNA selected from the base sequence; 16. 16. The evaluation method according to 15 above, wherein the amount of the gene expression product is the amount of the gene transcription product;
  • FIG. 1 shows the methylation in the target DNA region consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 for human breast gland healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04).
  • Target02_3_CpG in the figure and Target02_3 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1
  • the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 1
  • the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 is shown.
  • Target02_3_CpG_1, Target02_3_CpG_3, Target02_3_CpG_4, Target02_3_CpG_5, Target02_3_CpG_8, Target02_3_CpG_9, Target02_3_CpG_10 and Target02_3_CpG_11 respectively cytosines represented by base No. 109,163,176,218,247,257,286 and 391 in the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 The measurement result of a methylation ratio is shown.
  • Target02 — 3_CpG — 6.7 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 226 and 228 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1.
  • the percentage of CG methylation in human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human breast healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
  • FIG. 2 shows the methylation in the target DNA region consisting of the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 for human breast gland healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04). The result of having measured the ratio of oxydized DNA by MassARRAY analysis is shown.
  • Target03_9_CpG in the figure and Target03_9 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 2, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 is shown.
  • Target03_9_CpG_6 and Target03_9_CpG_7 indicate the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios indicated by base numbers 383 and 391 in the base sequence indicated by SEQ ID NO: 2, respectively.
  • Target03_9_CpG_1.2 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 55 and 60 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2.
  • the percentage of CG methylation in human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human breast healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
  • FIG. 3 shows the methylation in the target DNA region consisting of the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 for human breast gland healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04). The result of having measured the ratio of oxydized DNA by MassARRAY analysis is shown.
  • Target 04_19_CpG in the figure and Target 04_19 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 3, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 is shown.
  • Target04_19_CpG_4 and Target04_19_CpG_5 show the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios shown in base numbers 133 and 138 in the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, respectively.
  • Target04_19_CpG_2.3 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 113 and 119 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3.
  • the percentage of CG methylation in human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human breast healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
  • FIG. 4 shows the methylation in the target DNA region consisting of the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6 for human breast gland healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04). The result of having measured the ratio of oxydized DNA by MassARRAY analysis is shown.
  • Target09_15_CpG in the figure and Target09_15 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6, the scale above the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 6, and the scale below the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6 is shown.
  • Target09_15_CpG_1, Target09_15_CpG_2, Target09_15_CpG_6 and Target09_15_CpG_14 indicate the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios indicated by base numbers 27, 43, 118 and 220 in the base sequence indicated by SEQ ID NO: 6, respectively.
  • Target09_15_CpG_4.5 indicates the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 97 and 102 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6.
  • Target09_15_CpG_7.8 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 131 and 138 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6.
  • Target09_15_CpG_9.10 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 152 and 157 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6.
  • Target09_15_CpG_12.13 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 213 and 216 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6.
  • Target09_15_CpG_15.16 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 229 and 234 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6.
  • the percentage of CG methylation in human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human breast healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
  • Target 10_9_CpG in the figure and Target 10_9 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 7, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7 is shown.
  • Target10_9_CpG_3, Target10_9_CpG_6, Target10_9_CpG_8, and Target10_9_CpG_9 indicate the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios indicated by base numbers 106, 140, 174, and 237 in the base sequence indicated by SEQ ID NO: 7, respectively.
  • Target10_9_CpG_4.5 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 116 and 118 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7.
  • the percentage of CG methylation in human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human breast healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
  • Target 11 — 3_CpG in the figure and Target 11 — 3 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 8, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates: The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8 is shown.
  • Target11_3_CpG_1, Target11_3_CpG_5, Target11_3_CpG_6, and Target11_3_CpG_8 indicate the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios represented by base numbers 54, 240, 295, and 420 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8, respectively.
  • Target 11 — 3_CpG — 3.4 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 169 and 172 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8.
  • the percentage of CG methylation in human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human breast healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
  • Target12_3_CpG in the figure and Target12_3 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 9, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 is shown.
  • Target12_3_CpG_2, Target12_3_CpG_4, Target12_3_CpG_8, Target12_3_CpG_10, and Target12_3_CpG_12 have the base numbers 233, 326, 408, 453, and the results of the base numbers indicated by SEQ ID NO: 9.
  • Target12_3_CpG_5.6 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 378 and 383 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9.
  • the percentage of CG methylation in human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human breast healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
  • Target 15_4_CpG in the figure and Target 15_4 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 10, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10 is shown.
  • Target15_4_CpG_3, Target15_4_CpG_4, Target15_4_CpG_10, Target15_4_CpG_11 and Target15_4_CpG_12 have the base numbers 78, 129, 264, 297 and 335, respectively, in the base sequence indicated by SEQ ID NO.
  • Target 15 — 4_CpG — 1.2 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 69 and 72 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10.
  • Target 15 — 4_CpG — 6.7 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 159 and 161 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10.
  • Target 15 — 4_CpG — 8.9 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 232 and 235 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10.
  • the percentage of CG methylation in human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human breast healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
  • FIG. 9 shows the methylation in the target DNA region consisting of the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 11 for human breast gland healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04). The result of having measured the ratio of oxydized DNA by MassARRAY analysis is shown.
  • Target 18_1_CpG in the figure and Target 18_1 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 11, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates: The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11 is shown.
  • Target18_1_CpG_5.6 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 102 and 104 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11.
  • Target18_1_CpG — 9.10.11 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of three cytosines represented by base numbers 164, 170 and 173 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11.
  • Target18_1_CpG — 12.13 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 198 and 201 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11.
  • Target18_1_CpG — 15.16 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 274 and 277 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11.
  • Target18_1_CpG — 17.18 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 296 and 307 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11.
  • Target18_1_CpG — 24.25 indicates the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 401 and 403 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11.
  • FIG. 10 shows methyls in the target DNA region consisting of the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 12 for human breast gland healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04). The result of having measured the ratio of oxydized DNA by MassARRAY analysis is shown.
  • Target 19_2_CpG in the figure and Target 19_2 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12, the scale above the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 12, and the scale below the bar indicates: The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12 is shown.
  • Target19_2_CpG_1.2 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 55 and 58 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12.
  • Target19_2_CpG_3.4 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 77 and 88 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12.
  • Target 19_2_CpG — 10.11 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 182 and 184 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12.
  • Target 19_2_CpG — 19.20.21 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of three cytosines represented by base numbers 359, 362 and 368 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12.
  • the percentage of CG methylation in human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human breast healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
  • FIG. 11 shows the methylation in the target DNA region consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 for human breast gland healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04). The result of having measured the ratio of oxydized DNA by MassARRAY analysis is shown.
  • Target 21_13_CpG in the figure and Target 21_13 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 13, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 13, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13 is shown.
  • Target 21 — 13_CpG — 1.2 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 37 and 44 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13.
  • Target 21 — 13_CpG — 6.7 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 172 and 174 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13.
  • Target 21 — 13_CpG — 13.14 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 253 and 261 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13.
  • FIG. 12 shows methyls in the target DNA region consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 14 for human breast gland healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04). The result of having measured the ratio of oxydized DNA by MassARRAY analysis is shown.
  • Target 23 — 11_CpG in the figure and Target 23 — 11 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 14, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 14, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates: The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 14 is shown.
  • Target23_11_CpG_6 and Target23_11_CpG_8 indicate the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios indicated by base numbers 116 and 257 in the base sequence indicated by SEQ ID NO: 14, respectively.
  • Target 23 — 11_CpG — 1.2 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 27 and 32 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 14.
  • Target 23 — 11_CpG — 4.5 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 109 and 112 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 14.
  • the percentage of CG methylation in human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human breast healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
  • Target 40_18_CpG in the figure and Target 40_18 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 16, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 16, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 16 is shown.
  • Target40_18_CpG_3 and Target40_18_CpG_5 indicate the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios indicated by base numbers 148 and 243 in the base sequence indicated by SEQ ID NO: 16, respectively.
  • the percentage of CG methylation in human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human breast healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
  • FIG. 14 is intended to consist of the base sequences represented by SEQ ID NO: 17 and SEQ ID NO: 18 for human breast healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04).
  • Target 41_10_CpG in the figure and Target 41_10 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 17, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 17, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 17 is shown.
  • Target41_10_CpG_1, Target41_10_CpG3, and Target41_10_CpG_6 indicate the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios indicated by base numbers 42, 72, and 185 in the base sequence indicated by SEQ ID NO: 17, respectively.
  • Target 41 — 10_CpG — 7.8 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 206 and 211 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 17.
  • Target 41_17 represents DNA having the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 18, the scale above the bar represents the base number in SEQ ID NO: 18, and the scale below the bar represents methyl in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 18. The position of cytosine that can be converted is shown.
  • Target41_17_CpG_2, Target41_17_CpG_6, Target41_17_CpG_7, Target41_17_CpG_8, and Target41_17_CpG_9 represent the base numbers 49, 254, 277, 305, and 333, respectively, in the base sequence indicated by SEQ ID NO: 18.
  • Target41_17_CpG_3.4 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 58 and 61 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 18. The percentage of CG methylation in human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human breast healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
  • Target 44_9_CpG in the figure and Target 44_9 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 19, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19 is shown.
  • Target 44 — 9_CpG — 13.14 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 254 and 258 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19.
  • Target 44 — 9_CpG — 16.17 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 286 and 288 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19.
  • Target 44_9_CpG — 18.19 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 297 and 303 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19.
  • Target44_9_CpG_22.23 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 333 and 335 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19.
  • Target 44 — 9_CpG — 25.26 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 389 and 392 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19.
  • Target44_9_CpG_29.30 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 435 and 438 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19.
  • Target 44_9_CpG — 32.33 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 453 and 456 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19.
  • the percentage of CG methylation in human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human breast healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
  • FIG. 16 shows methylated DNA in a target DNA region comprising the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 for human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03). The result of having measured the ratio by MassARRAY analysis is shown.
  • Target02_3_CpG in the figure and Target02_3 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 1, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 is shown.
  • Target02_3_CpG_1, Target02_3_CpG_3, Target02_3_CpG_4, Target02_3_CpG_5, Target02_3_CpG_8, Target02_3_CpG_9, Target02_3_CpG_10 and Target02_3_CpG_11 respectively cytosines represented by base No.
  • Target02 — 3_CpG — 6.7 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 226 and 228 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1.
  • the CG methylation rate in human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03) was higher than that in human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
  • Target 04_19_CpG in the figure and Target 04_19 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 3, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 is shown.
  • Target04_19_CpG_4 and Target04_19_CpG_5 show the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios shown in base numbers 133 and 138 in the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, respectively.
  • Target04_19_CpG_2.3 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 113 and 119 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3.
  • the CG methylation rate in human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03) was higher than that in human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
  • Target06_21_CpG in the figure and Target06_21 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4, the scale above the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 4, and the scale below the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4 is shown.
  • Target06_21_CpG_1, Target06_21_CpG_3 and Target06_21_CpG_6 indicate the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios indicated by base numbers 69, 113 and 265 in the base sequence indicated by SEQ ID NO: 4, respectively.
  • the CG methylation rate in human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03) was higher than that in human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
  • FIG. 19 shows methylated DNA in a target DNA region comprising the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6 for human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03). The result of having measured the ratio by MassARRAY analysis is shown.
  • Target09_15_CpG below the bar Target09_15 indicates the DNA comprising the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, the scale above the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 6, and the scale below the bar indicates the sequence The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence shown by No. 6 is shown.
  • Target09_15_CpG_1, Target09_15_CpG_2, Target09_15_CpG_6 and Target09_15_CpG_14 indicate the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios indicated by base numbers 27, 43, 118 and 220 in the base sequence indicated by SEQ ID NO: 6, respectively.
  • Target09_15_CpG_4.5 indicates the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 97 and 102 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6.
  • Target09_15_CpG_7.8 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 131 and 138 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6.
  • Target09_15_CpG_9.10 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 152 and 157 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6.
  • Target09_15_CpG_12.13 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 213 and 216 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6.
  • Target09_15_CpG_15.16 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 229 and 234 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6.
  • the CG methylation rate in human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03) was higher than that in human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
  • Target 11 — 3_CpG in the figure and Target 11 — 3 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 8, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates: The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8 is shown.
  • Target11_3_CpG_1, Target11_3_CpG_5, Target11_3_CpG_6, and Target11_3_CpG_8 indicate the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios represented by base numbers 54, 240, 295, and 420 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8, respectively.
  • Target 11 — 3_CpG — 3.4 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 169 and 172 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8.
  • the CG methylation rate in human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03) was higher than that in human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
  • Target 15_4_CpG in the figure and Target 15_4 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 10, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10 is shown.
  • Target15_4_CpG_3, Target15_4_CpG_4, Target15_4_CpG_10, Target15_4_CpG_11 and Target15_4_CpG_12 have the base numbers 78, 129, 264, 297 and 335, respectively, in the base sequence indicated by SEQ ID NO.
  • Target 15 — 4_CpG — 1.2 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 69 and 72 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10.
  • Target 15 — 4_CpG — 6.7 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 159 and 161 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10.
  • Target 15 — 4_CpG — 8.9 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 232 and 235 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10.
  • the CG methylation rate in human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03) was higher than that in human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
  • FIG. 22 shows methylated DNA in a target DNA region comprising the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11 for human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03). The result of having measured the ratio by MassARRAY analysis is shown.
  • Target 18_1_CpG in the figure and Target 18_1 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 11, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates: The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11 is shown.
  • Target18_1_CpG_5.6 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 102 and 104 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11.
  • Target18_1_CpG — 9.10.11 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of three cytosines represented by base numbers 164, 170 and 173 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11.
  • Target18_1_CpG — 12.13 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 198 and 201 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11.
  • Target18_1_CpG — 15.16 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 274 and 277 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11.
  • Target18_1_CpG — 17.18 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 296 and 307 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11.
  • Target18_1_CpG — 24.25 indicates the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 401 and 403 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11.
  • FIG. 23 shows methylated DNA in a target DNA region comprising the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12 for human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03). The result of having measured the ratio by MassARRAY analysis is shown.
  • Target 19_2_CpG in the figure and Target 19_2 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12, the scale above the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 12, and the scale below the bar indicates: The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12 is shown.
  • Target19_2_CpG_1.2 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 55 and 58 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12.
  • Target19_2_CpG_3.4 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 77 and 88 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12.
  • Target 19_2_CpG — 10.11 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 182 and 184 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12.
  • Target 19_2_CpG — 19.20.21 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of three cytosines represented by base numbers 359, 362 and 368 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12.
  • the CG methylation rate in human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03) was higher than that in human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
  • FIG. 24 shows methylated DNA in a target DNA region comprising the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13 for human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03). The result of having measured the ratio by MassARRAY analysis is shown.
  • Target 21_13_CpG in the figure and Target 21_13 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 13, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 13, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13 is shown.
  • Target 21 — 13_CpG — 1.2 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 37 and 44 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13.
  • Target 21 — 13_CpG — 6.7 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 172 and 174 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13.
  • Target 21 — 13_CpG — 13.14 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 253 and 261 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13.
  • FIG. 25 shows methylated DNA in a target DNA region comprising the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 15 for human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03). The result of having measured the ratio by MassARRAY analysis is shown.
  • Target 33_9_CpG in the figure and Target 39_9 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 15, the scale above the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 15, and the scale below the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 15 is shown.
  • Target33_9_CpG_4.5.6.7 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of four cytosines represented by base numbers 65, 67, 71 and 74 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 15.
  • the CG methylation rate in human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03) was higher than that in human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
  • FIG. 26 shows methylated DNA in a target DNA region comprising the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 16 for human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03). The result of having measured the ratio by MassARRAY analysis is shown.
  • Target 40_18_CpG in the figure and Target 40_18 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 16, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 16, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 16 is shown.
  • Target40_18_CpG_3 and Target40_18_CpG_5 indicate the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios indicated by base numbers 148 and 243 in the base sequence indicated by SEQ ID NO: 16, respectively.
  • FIG. 27 shows methylated DNA in a target DNA region comprising the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19 for human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03). The result of having measured the ratio by MassARRAY analysis is shown.
  • Target 44_9_CpG in the figure and Target 44_9 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 19, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19 is shown.
  • Target 44 — 9_CpG — 13.14 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 254 and 258 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19.
  • Target 44 — 9_CpG — 16.17 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 286 and 288 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19.
  • Target 44_9_CpG — 18.19 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 297 and 303 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19.
  • Target44_9_CpG_22.23 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 333 and 335 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19.
  • Target 44 — 9_CpG — 25.26 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 389 and 392 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19.
  • Target44_9_CpG_29.30 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 435 and 438 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19.
  • Target 44_9_CpG — 32.33 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 453 and 456 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19.
  • the CG methylation rate in human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03) was higher than that in human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
  • FIG. 28 shows a target DNA region consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 for human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04). The result of having measured the ratio of methylated DNA in is by MassARRAY analysis is shown.
  • Target02_3_CpG in the figure and Target02_3 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 1, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 is shown.
  • Target02_3_CpG_1, Target02_3_CpG_3, Target02_3_CpG_4, Target02_3_CpG_5, Target02_3_CpG_8, Target02_3_CpG_9, Target02_3_CpG_10 and Target02_3_CpG_11 respectively cytosines represented by base No.
  • Target02 — 3_CpG — 6.7 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 226 and 228 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1.
  • the CG methylation rate in human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
  • Target 04_19_CpG in the figure and Target 04_19 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 3, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 is shown.
  • Target04_19_CpG_4 and Target04_19_CpG_5 show the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios shown in base numbers 133 and 138 in the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, respectively.
  • Target04_19_CpG_2.3 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 113 and 119 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3.
  • the CG methylation rate in human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
  • Target08_6_CpG in the figure and Target08_6 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 5, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5 is shown.
  • Target08_6_CpG_1, Target08_6_CpG_2, Target08_6_CpG_3, and Target08_6_CpG_5 represent the cytosine methylation ratio measurement results represented by base numbers 184, 212, 263, and 24 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5, respectively.
  • the CG methylation rate in human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
  • FIG. 31 shows a target DNA region comprising the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6 for human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04).
  • Target09_15_CpG in the figure and Target09_15 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6, the scale above the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 6, and the scale below the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6 is shown.
  • Target09_15_CpG_1, Target09_15_CpG_2, Target09_15_CpG_6 and Target09_15_CpG_14 indicate the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios indicated by base numbers 27, 43, 118 and 220 in the base sequence indicated by SEQ ID NO: 6, respectively.
  • Target09_15_CpG_4.5 indicates the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 97 and 102 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6.
  • Target09_15_CpG_7.8 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 131 and 138 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6.
  • Target09_15_CpG_9.10 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 152 and 157 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6.
  • Target09_15_CpG_12.13 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 213 and 216 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6.
  • Target09_15_CpG_15.16 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 229 and 234 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6.
  • the CG methylation rate in human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
  • Target 10_9_CpG in the figure and Target 10_9 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 7, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7 is shown.
  • Target10_9_CpG_3, Target10_9_CpG_6, Target10_9_CpG_8, and Target10_9_CpG_9 indicate the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios indicated by base numbers 106, 140, 174, and 237 in the base sequence indicated by SEQ ID NO: 7, respectively.
  • Target10_9_CpG_4.5 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 116 and 118 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7.
  • the CG methylation rate in human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
  • Target12_3_CpG in the figure and Target12_3 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 9, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 is shown.
  • Target12_3_CpG_2, Target12_3_CpG_4, Target12_3_CpG_8, Target12_3_CpG_10, and Target12_3_CpG_12 have the base numbers 233, 326, 408, 453, and the results of the base numbers indicated by SEQ ID NO: 9.
  • Target12_3_CpG_5.6 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 378 and 383 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9.
  • the CG methylation rate in human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
  • Target 15_4_CpG in the figure and Target 15_4 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 10, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10 is shown.
  • Target15_4_CpG_3, Target15_4_CpG_4, Target15_4_CpG_10, Target15_4_CpG_11 and Target15_4_CpG_12 have the base numbers 78, 129, 264, 297 and 335, respectively, in the base sequence indicated by SEQ ID NO.
  • Target 15 — 4_CpG — 1.2 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 69 and 72 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10.
  • Target 15 — 4_CpG — 6.7 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 159 and 161 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10.
  • Target 15 — 4_CpG — 8.9 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 232 and 235 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10.
  • the CG methylation rate in human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
  • FIG. 35 shows a target DNA region comprising the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 11 for human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04). The result of having measured the ratio of methylated DNA in is by MassARRAY analysis is shown.
  • Target 18_1_CpG in the figure and Target 18_1 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 11, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates: The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11 is shown.
  • Target18_1_CpG_5.6 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 102 and 104 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11.
  • Target18_1_CpG — 9.10.11 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of three cytosines represented by base numbers 164, 170 and 173 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11.
  • Target18_1_CpG — 12.13 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 198 and 201 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11.
  • Target18_1_CpG — 15.16 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 274 and 277 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11.
  • Target18_1_CpG — 17.18 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 296 and 307 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11.
  • Target18_1_CpG — 24.25 indicates the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 401 and 403 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11.
  • FIG. 36 shows a target DNA region consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 12 for human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04). The result of having measured the ratio of methylated DNA in is by MassARRAY analysis is shown.
  • Target 19_2_CpG in the figure and Target 19_2 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12, the scale above the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 12, and the scale below the bar indicates: The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12 is shown.
  • Target19_2_CpG_1.2 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 55 and 58 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12.
  • Target19_2_CpG_3.4 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 77 and 88 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12.
  • Target 19_2_CpG — 10.11 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 182 and 184 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12.
  • Target 19_2_CpG — 19.20.21 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of three cytosines represented by base numbers 359, 362 and 368 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12.
  • the CG methylation rate in human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
  • FIG. 37 shows a target DNA region comprising the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13 for human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04).
  • the result of having measured the ratio of methylated DNA in is by MassARRAY analysis is shown.
  • Target 21_13_CpG in the figure and Target 21_13 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 13, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 13, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13 is shown.
  • Target 21 — 13_CpG — 1.2 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 37 and 44 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13.
  • Target 21 — 13_CpG — 6.7 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 172 and 174 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13.
  • Target 21 — 13_CpG — 13.14 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 253 and 261 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13.
  • FIG. 38 shows a target DNA region consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 14 for human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04). The result of having measured the ratio of methylated DNA in is by MassARRAY analysis is shown.
  • Target 23 — 11_CpG in the figure and Target 23 — 11 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 14, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 14, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates: The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 14 is shown.
  • Target23_11_CpG_6 and Target23_11_CpG_8 indicate the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios indicated by base numbers 116 and 257 in the base sequence indicated by SEQ ID NO: 14, respectively.
  • Target 23 — 11_CpG — 1.2 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 27 and 32 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 14.
  • Target 23 — 11_CpG — 4.5 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 109 and 112 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 14.
  • the CG methylation rate in human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
  • Target 33_9_CpG in the figure and Target 33_9 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 15, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 15, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 15 is shown.
  • Target33_9_CpG_4.5.6.7 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of four cytosines represented by base numbers 65, 67, 71 and 74 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 15.
  • the CG methylation rate in human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
  • the present invention relates to the use of methylated DNA as a cancer marker (eg, colon cancer marker, breast cancer marker, lung cancer marker, etc.).
  • “Cancer” in the present invention includes, for example, lung cancer (non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer), esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, duodenal cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocellular carcinoma), gallbladder cancer, Bile duct cancer, pancreatic cancer, colon cancer, anal cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, vulvar cancer, vaginal cancer, prostate cancer, kidney cancer, ureteral cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, penis Cancer, testicular cancer, maxillary cancer, tongue cancer, (upper, middle, lower) pharyngeal cancer, laryngeal cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia
  • a subject who develops cancer is described as a “cancer patient”, a subject who does not develop cancer is described as a “non-cancer patient”, and a non-cancer site in human tissue or a subject who does not develop cancer
  • the tissue collected from the above is referred to as “normal tissue”
  • the blood collected from the subject who has not developed cancer is referred to as “normal blood”.
  • the “cancer marker” in the present invention include a tissue in which cancer occurs in a mammal and an index that can indirectly grasp the degree of canceration.
  • a colorectal cancer marker there is an index made of a biological substance that can indirectly grasp the presence or absence of colorectal cancer, the degree of canceration of colorectal cancer, the nature of cancer described as benign or malignant, etc. be able to.
  • the DNA used as the marker DNA in the present invention include one or more DNAs (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the present DNA) having a base sequence selected from the following base sequences.
  • the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 Genbank Accession No.
  • NT 022171.15, 12175690-12176178, Homoapiens
  • SEQ ID NO: 1 B
  • C the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 (Genbank Accession No.
  • NT 005403.17, 75486912-75487393, Homoapiens
  • SEQ ID NO: 2 a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 2 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 2
  • E a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3 (Genbank Accession No.
  • NT_005612.16, 5357894-53557166, Homoapiens or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3
  • F a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 3 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 3
  • G The nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4 (Genbank Accession No.
  • NT 006576.16, 14316619-14316186, Homoapiens
  • nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4 H
  • nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 4 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 4
  • nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5 Genbank Accession No.
  • NT 029289.11, 10354292-10354661, Homoapiens
  • a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5 J
  • a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 5 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 5
  • K the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6 (Genbank Accession No.
  • NT 007592.15, 26671779-26661515, Homoapiens
  • nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6 L
  • nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 6 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 6
  • M a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7 (Genbank Accession No.
  • nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7 N
  • SEQ ID NO: 7 O
  • SEQ ID NO: 8 The nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8 (Genbank Accession No.
  • NT_0075922, 42159778-421160229, Homoapiens or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8 (P) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 8 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 8 (Q) SEQ ID NO: 9 (Genbank Accession No.
  • SEQ ID NO: 9 a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 9 or a nucleotide sequence having a homology of 80% or more with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 9 (S)
  • SEQ ID NO: 10 The nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10 (Genbank Accession No.
  • NT 030059.13, 30491593-30491957, Homoapiens) or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10.
  • T a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 10 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 10
  • U a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11 (Genbank Accession No.
  • NT 0338999.8, 28298052-28298521, Homoapiens
  • nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12 (X) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 12 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 12 (Y) the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13 (Genbank Accession No.
  • NT_011519.10, 2547951-2548291, Homoapiens) or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 14 (Ab) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 14 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 14 (Ac) The nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 15 (Genbank Accession No.
  • NT_004350.19, 1161852-1216153, Homoapiens or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 15 (Ad) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 15 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 15 (Ae)
  • SEQ ID NO: 16 Genbank Accession No.
  • SEQ ID NO: 16 a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 16 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 16 (Ag)
  • SEQ ID NO: 17 Genbank Accession No.
  • NT 006576.16, 17509792-17510071, Homoapiens
  • nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 17 (Ah) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 17 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 17 (Ai)
  • SEQ ID NO: 18 Genbank Accession No.
  • nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 18 A nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 18 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 18 (Ak) The nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 19 (Genbank Accession No.
  • nucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 19 are nucleotide sequences registered in NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information), which are NCBI WEB pages (URL; http: //www.ncbi.nlm.
  • the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequences (a) to (al) is preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95%, 98% or 99% or more.
  • the base sequence also includes DNA having a base sequence in which deletion, substitution, or addition of a base is caused by a naturally occurring mutation due to species difference, individual difference, organ, or tissue difference of an organism.
  • base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence complementary to the base sequences (a) to (al) in the present DNA preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95%
  • examples thereof include base sequences having 98% or 99% sequence homology.
  • the base sequence also includes DNA having a base sequence in which deletion, substitution, or addition of a base is caused by a naturally occurring mutation due to species difference, individual difference, organ, or tissue difference of an organism.
  • complementary base sequence refers to a base sequence that can form a base pair with the original base sequence
  • base pair refers to adenine (A) among nucleic acid bases.
  • cytosine This refers to thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C) paired by hydrogen bonding.
  • T thymine
  • G guanine
  • C cytosine
  • mammals there is a phenomenon in which only cytosine is methylated out of four types of bases constituting a gene (genomic DNA).
  • genomic DNA having a base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 (Genbank Accession No. NT_022171.15, 12175690-12176178, Homoapiens) on a genome derived from a mammal, a part of cytosine of the DNA is methyl. It has become.
  • the DNA methylation modification is a base sequence represented by 5′-CG-3 ′ (C represents cytosine and G represents guanine.
  • the base sequence may be referred to as CpG).
  • CpG Limited to cytosine.
  • the site that is methylated in cytosine is at position 5.
  • cytosine in CpG of the template strand is methylated immediately after replication, but cytosine in CpG of the nascent strand is also methylated immediately by the action of methyltransferase. . Therefore, the DNA methylation state is inherited as it is by two new sets of DNA even after DNA replication.
  • methylation frequency means, for example, that cytosine is methylated when the presence or absence of cytosine methylation in CpG to be investigated is examined for a plurality of haploids. Expressed as a percentage of haploid.
  • the “index value correlated with (methylation frequency)” is represented by, for example, SEQ ID NO: 1 (Genbank Accession No. NT — 02171.115, 12175690-12176178, Homo sapiens).
  • the expression level is decreased by the amount of the expression product of the downstream gene of the DNA having the base sequence to be detected (more specifically, the amount of the transcription product of the gene) or the methylation of the DNA having any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 19
  • the amount of the expression product of the gene to be treated can be raised. In the case of the amount of such an expression product, there is a negative correlation that decreases as the methylation frequency increases.
  • a biological sample may be used as it is, and it was prepared from such a biological sample by various operations such as separation, fractionation, and immobilization.
  • a biological sample may be used as a specimen.
  • specimens include (a) mammal-derived blood, body fluid, urine, body secretion, cell lysate or tissue lysate, and (b) mammal-derived blood, body fluid, urine, body secretion.
  • DNA extracted from one selected from the group consisting of cell lysate and tissue lysate (c) extracted from one selected from the group consisting of mammal-derived tissue, cells, tissue lysate and cell lysate Examples thereof include DNA prepared using RNA as a template.
  • the tissue has a broad meaning including blood, lymph nodes, and the like, the body fluid means plasma, serum, lymph, and the like, and the body secretion means urine, milk, and the like.
  • cancer colorectal cancer
  • breast cancer the breast tissue extract
  • lung cancer the lung tissue etc. which were extract
  • the mammal-derived specimen is blood, body fluid, body secretion, or the like, it is possible to use a sample collected by a periodic health examination or a simple examination.
  • the “mammal” in the present invention include all animals belonging to mammals.
  • An animal belonging to a mammal is a general term for animals classified into the animal kingdom Chordate vertebrate submammal class (Mammalia).
  • examples include humans, monkeys, marmosets, guinea pigs, rats, mice, cows, sheep, dogs, cats and the like.
  • Examples of the “body fluid” in the present invention include a liquid existing between cells constituting a solid, such as plasma and interstitial fluid (in many cases, a function of maintaining the homeostasis of the solid). .
  • lymph fluid tissue fluid (tissue fluid, intercellular fluid, interstitial fluid), body cavity fluid, serous cavity fluid, pleural effusion, ascites, pericardial fluid, cerebrospinal fluid (spinal fluid), joint fluid (synovial fluid) ), Aqueous humor (aqueous humor), cerebrospinal fluid, intrauterine exudate, and the like.
  • body secretion include secretions from exocrine glands. Specific examples include saliva, gastric juice, bile, intestinal fluid, sweat, tears, runny nose, semen, vaginal fluid, amniotic fluid, and milk.
  • the “cell lysate” in the present invention includes, for example, an intracellular fluid obtained by disrupting cells cultured on a 10 cm plate for cell culture or the like (ie, cell lines, primary cultured cells, blood cells, etc.).
  • a lysis solution can be mentioned.
  • examples of the method for destroying the cell membrane include a method using ultrasonic waves, a method using a surfactant, and a method using an alkaline solution.
  • Various commercially available kits may be used to lyse the cells.
  • the culture solution is discarded, and 0.6 mL of RIPA buffer (1 ⁇ TBS, 1% nonidet P-40, 0.5% sodium deo ⁇ ysholate, 0.1% SDS, 0.004% sodium azide) is added to a 10 cm plate.
  • RIPA buffer (1 ⁇ TBS, 1% nonidet P-40, 0.5% sodium deo ⁇ ysholate, 0.1% SDS, 0.004% sodium azide
  • adherent cells on the 10 cm plate are peeled off using a scraper or the like, and the lysate on the plate is transferred to a microtube. After adding 1/10 volume of 10 mg / mL PMSF of the lysate, leave on ice for 30-60 minutes.
  • tissue lysate in the present invention include a lysate containing intracellular fluid obtained by destroying cells in tissue collected from animals such as mammals. Specifically, for example, after measuring the weight of a tissue obtained from a mammal, the tissue is cut into small pieces using a razor or the like. When slicing frozen tissue, it is necessary to make smaller pieces. After cutting, ice-cold RIPA buffer (protease inhibitor, phosphatase inhibitor, etc.
  • a method for measuring the methylation frequency of the present DNA contained in a mammal-derived specimen or an index value correlated therewith is performed, for example, as follows.
  • the target DNA is treated with bisulfite such as sodium bisulfite, and then amplified by PCR using a primer that can identify the presence or absence of cytosine methylation to be analyzed.
  • a method for examining the amount of amplification product can be mentioned.
  • DNA is extracted from a mammal-derived specimen using, for example, a commercially available DNA extraction kit.
  • plasma or serum is prepared from the blood according to a normal method, and the prepared plasma or serum is used as a specimen for free DNA (derived from cancer cells such as colon cancer cells). Analysis of cancer cells such as colon cancer cells, avoiding blood cell-derived DNA, and sensitivity to detect cancer cells such as colon cancer cells and tissues containing them Can be improved.
  • a reagent that modifies unmethylated cytosine one or more CpGs present in the nucleotide sequence of the promoter region, untranslated region or translated region (coding region) of this DNA Amplification product obtained by amplifying DNA containing cytosine in the base sequence shown by the polymerase chain reaction (hereinafter referred to as PCR) using a primer capable of discriminating the presence or absence of cytosine to be analyzed. Find out the amount of.
  • a reagent that modifies unmethylated cytosine ie, a reagent that selectively modifies unmethylated cytosine without modifying methylated cytosine
  • the difference in chemical properties between cytosine and 5-methylcytosine is used.
  • any reagent that modifies unmethylated cytosine may be used.
  • bisulfite such as sodium bisulfite can be used.
  • a reagent that specifically modifies only methylated cytosine may be used. In order to bring the extracted genomic DNA sample into contact with a reagent that modifies unmethylated cytosine as uniformly as possible, it is necessary to denature the genomic DNA.
  • the DNA is first denatured with an alkaline solution (pH 9 to 14), and then bisulfite (bisulfite) such as sodium bisulfite (concentration in the solution: for example, final concentration of 3M) or the like for about 10 to 16 hours (one time). Treat at 55 ° C for the evening.
  • bisulfite bisulfite
  • the modification at 95 ° C. and the reaction at 50 ° C. can be repeated 10-20 times.
  • unmethylated cytosine is converted to uracil, while methylated cytosine is not converted to uracil and remains cytosine (Furichi et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 41: 1185. ⁇ 1191, 1970).
  • DNA containing cytosine in the base sequence indicated by one or more CpGs present in the base sequence is identified for the presence or absence of cytosine methylation to be analyzed
  • Amplification is performed by PCR using possible primers, and the amount of amplification product obtained is examined. DNA sequence treated with bisulfite, etc.
  • cytosine methylated As a template and containing cytosine methylated [the cytosine at the position to be methylated (cytosine in CpG) remains cytosine and is methylated Unsuccessed cytosine (cytosine not included in CpG) is a uracil base sequence] and PCR using a pair of methylation-specific primers each selected from a base sequence complementary to such base sequence (hereinafter, methyl Base sequence when DNA treated with bisulfite or the like is used as a template and cytosine is not methylated (base sequence in which all cytosines are converted to uracil) ) And a pair of unmethylated specific primers selected from base sequences complementary to the base sequence (hereinafter referred to as non-methylated primers).
  • the methylation specific primer is a cytosine that has undergone methylation, considering that cytosine that has not been methylated is converted to uracil, and cytosine that has undergone methylation is not converted to uracil.
  • Design a PCR primer (methylation specific primer) specific to the nucleotide sequence containing, and a PCR primer (non-methylation specific primer) specific to the nucleotide sequence containing unmethylated cytosine To do. Since the design is based on DNA strands that have been chemically converted by bisulfite treatment and are no longer complementary, based on each strand of DNA that was originally double-stranded, a methylation specific primer and Unmethylated specific primers can also be made.
  • Such a primer is preferably designed to contain cytosine in CpG in the vicinity of the 3 ′ end of the primer in order to increase the specificity of methyl and non-methyl. Further, in order to facilitate analysis, one of the primers may be labeled.
  • reaction solution in methylation-specific PCR for example, 50 ng of DNA as a template, 1 ⁇ l of each primer solution of 10 pmol / ⁇ l, 4 ⁇ l of 2.5 mM dNTP, 10 ⁇ buffer solution (100 mM Tris-HCl) pH 8.3, 500 mM KCl, 20 mM MgCl 2 ) Is mixed with 2.5 ⁇ l and heat-resistant DNA polymerase 5 U / ⁇ l 0.2 ⁇ l, and sterilized ultrapure water is added thereto to make the reaction volume 25 ⁇ l.
  • the reaction conditions for example, the above-mentioned reaction solution is kept at 95 ° C. for 10 minutes, then at 95 ° C.
  • the amount of amplification product obtained is compared.
  • an analytical method denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or agarose gel that can compare the amount of each amplification product obtained by PCR using a methylation specific primer and PCR using an unmethylated specific primer.
  • electrophoresis the gel after electrophoresis is stained with DNA to detect the band of the amplification product, and the concentration of the detected band is compared.
  • a pre-labeled primer can be used to compare the band concentrations using the label as an index.
  • high-precision quantification that can detect even a slight difference of about twice as much as the gene amount can be performed by monitoring PCR reaction products in real time and performing kinetic analysis.
  • Real-time PCR a possible PCR method, can also be used to compare the amount of each product. Examples of a method for performing real-time PCR include a method using a probe such as a template-dependent nucleic acid polymerase probe or a method using an intercalator such as Cyber Green. Equipment and kits for real-time PCR are already commercially available. As a second method, fluorescence-based real-time PCR (US Pat.
  • methylated DNA is amplified by real-time quantitative PCR based on fluorescence using a position-specific PCR primer having a fluorescent reporter dye at the 5 ′ end and a quenching dye at the 3 ′ end. Since the fluorescent reporter dye is released by the enzyme during the PCR reaction, the fluorescence intensity increases in proportion to the amount of PCR product.
  • fluorescence proportional to the degree of methylation can be continuously detected in an automated nucleotide sequencer device.
  • a method of sequencing after treatment with bisulfite such as sodium bisulfite can also be mentioned.
  • dsDNA is obtained by primer extension and further amplified by PCR techniques (Clark et al., Nucl. Acids Res. 22: 2990-2997, 1994).
  • the PCR product is sequenced by a standard DNA sequencing method to detect cytosine (corresponding to methylcytosine before treatment with bisulfite).
  • the sequencing method not only the dideoxy method but also a pyro sequencing method (SOLiD system) or the like may be used as long as it is a method for determining a base sequence.
  • a pyro sequencing method SOLiD system
  • individual clones can be sequenced, but it is also possible to provide a methylation map of a single DNA molecule.
  • Several variations are known for determining methylcytosine by sequencing (Radlinska & Skowronek, Acta Microbiol. Pol. 47: 327-334, 1998).
  • a reaction solution in PCR for example, a total solution containing 20 ng or 80 ng of DNA in a DNA solution treated with sodium bisulfite as a template An amount of 50 ⁇ L of reaction solution is prepared and used. Specifically, a DNA solution treated with sodium bisulfite as a template and each oligonucleotide primer solution prepared to 5 ⁇ M are each 3/5 of the total volume, and GeneAmpR dNTPPMi ⁇ (2 mMeach) is the total volume.
  • the obtained DNA fragment is cloned.
  • TOPO TA Cloning® Kit For Sequencing (Invitrogen) is used for cloning.
  • Salt Solution 0.4 ⁇ L, TOPO vector 0.4 ⁇ L, and the PCR amplification product 1.6 ⁇ L are mixed on ice and allowed to stand at room temperature for 5 minutes.
  • 2 ⁇ L of the ligation reaction solution and 50 ⁇ L of the competent cell are mixed and left on ice for 30 minutes. Incubate at 42 ° C. for 30 seconds and store in ice.
  • a plasmid solution can be obtained by extracting a plasmid from the obtained Escherichia coli using a plasmid extraction device (PI-50, KURABO). 2 ⁇ L of the plasmid solution, 1 ⁇ L of BigDyeRT terminator v3.1 Cycle Sequencing RR-100 (ABI), and BigDyeRT terminator v1.1 / v3.1 Sequencing Buffer (5 ⁇ ) (2 for L 1 ⁇ L of a 3.2 ⁇ M solution of the oligonucleotide primer (M13R) designed in (1) and 4 ⁇ L of sterile ultrapure water are mixed. The reaction solution was kept at 96 ° C.
  • reaction solution in PCR for example, 25 ng of DNA as a template, 1 ⁇ l of each primer solution of 20 pmol / ⁇ l, 3 ⁇ l of 2 mM dNTP, 10 ⁇ buffer (100 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.3, 500 mM KCl) 15 mM MgCl 2 ) Is mixed with 2.5 ⁇ l and heat-resistant DNA polymerase 5 U / ⁇ l 0.2 ⁇ l, and sterilized ultrapure water is added thereto to make the reaction volume 25 ⁇ l.
  • reaction condition for example, after the above reaction liquid is kept at 95 ° C. for 10 minutes, one cycle is 95 ° C. for 30 seconds, then 53 ° C. for 30 seconds, and further at 72 ° C. for 30 seconds.
  • a condition for performing the heat retention for 30 to 40 cycles is mentioned.
  • the base sequences of the amplification products obtained are compared, and the methylation frequency is measured from the comparison. That is, by directly analyzing the base sequence of the amplification product, it is determined whether the base at the position corresponding to the cytosine to be analyzed is cytosine or thymine (uracil).
  • each cloned DNA is prepared from a plurality of clones obtained by cloning the amplification product obtained by PCR once using Escherichia coli or the like as a host.
  • the base sequence may be analyzed.
  • the frequency of cytosine methylation to be analyzed can also be measured by obtaining the ratio of the sample whose base detected at the position corresponding to the cytosine to be analyzed in the sample to be analyzed is cytosine.
  • a probe capable of discriminating the presence or absence of methylation of cytosine to be analyzed from DNA containing cytosine in the base sequence represented by one or more CpGs present in the base sequence of the target DNA And a method for examining the presence or absence of binding between the DNA and the probe.
  • a genomic DNA extracted from a specimen is allowed to act on a reagent that modifies unmethylated cytosine, and then a probe that can identify the presence or absence of cytosine methylation is hybridized.
  • cytosine that has not been methylated is converted into uracil based on the base sequence containing cytosine to be analyzed, and cytosine that has been methylated is not converted into uracil. It is better to design in consideration of this.
  • a probe may be used after being labeled in order to facilitate analysis of the presence or absence of binding between the DNA and the probe.
  • the probe may be used by being immobilized on a carrier according to a usual method.
  • DNA extracted from a mammal-derived specimen may be labeled in advance.
  • a reagent for modifying unmethylated cytosine for example, bisulfite such as sodium bisulfite can be used.
  • a reagent that specifically modifies only methylated cytosine may be used.
  • the DNA is first denatured with an alkaline solution (pH 9 to 14), and then bisulfite (bisulfite) such as sodium bisulfite (solution Medium concentration: For example, the final concentration is 3 M) and the like, and the treatment is performed at 55 ° C. for about 10 to 16 hours (overnight).
  • bisulfite such as sodium bisulfite (solution Medium concentration: For example, the final concentration is 3 M) and the like
  • the treatment is performed at 55 ° C. for about 10 to 16 hours (overnight).
  • the modification at 95 ° C. and the reaction at 50 ° C. can be repeated 10-20 times.
  • unmethylated cytosine is converted to uracil, while methylated cytosine is not converted to uracil and remains cytosine.
  • the DNA may be amplified in advance by performing PCR in the same manner as in the second method using DNA treated with bisulfite or the like as a template.
  • hybridization between DNA treated with bisulfite or the like or DNA previously amplified by PCR and a probe capable of identifying the presence or absence of methylation of cytosine to be analyzed is performed.
  • the frequency of cytosine methylation to be analyzed can be measured. Hybridization is described, for example, in Sambrook J. et al. Frisch E .; F. Maniatis T.
  • stringent conditions means, for example, a hybrid at 45 ° C. in a solution containing 6 ⁇ SSC (a solution containing 1.5M NaCl and 0.15M trisodium citrate is 10 ⁇ SSC).
  • the conditions Molecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons, NY (1989), 6.3.1-6.3.6
  • the salt concentration in the washing step can be selected from, for example, conditions of 2 ⁇ SSC at 50 ° C.
  • the temperature in the washing step can be selected, for example, from room temperature (low stringency conditions) to 65 ° C. (high stringency conditions). It is also possible to change both the salt concentration and the temperature.
  • the amount of DNA bound to the methylation-specific probe is compared with the amount of DNA bound to the non-methylation-specific probe, so that the cytosine to be analyzed (that is, the probe)
  • the frequency of methylation of cytosine in CpG contained in the base sequence on which the design was based can be measured.
  • a restriction enzyme capable of discriminating the presence or absence of methylation of cytosine to be analyzed in the base sequence of the target DNA there is a method for examining the presence or absence of digestion by the restriction enzyme. You can also.
  • the “restriction enzyme capable of distinguishing the presence or absence of cytosine methylation” (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme) used in the method means that a recognition sequence containing methylated cytosine is not digested.
  • the DNA in which cytosine contained in a “recognition sequence” that can be originally recognized by a methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme is methylated, the DNA is not cleaved even when a methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme is allowed to act.
  • the cytosine contained in the “recognition sequence” that can be originally recognized by the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme is DNA that is not methylated, the DNA is cleaved by the action of the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme.
  • Specific examples of such a methylation-sensitive enzyme include HpaII, BstUI, NarI, SacII and the like (see, for example, Nucleic Acid Research, 9, 2509-2515).
  • the DNA is used as a template, the cytosine to be analyzed is included in the recognition sequence, and the DNA not containing the restriction enzyme recognition sequence other than the recognition sequence is amplified
  • amplification product DNA amplification product
  • cytosine to be analyzed is methylated, an amplification product is obtained.
  • the cytosine to be analyzed is not methylated, an amplification product cannot be obtained.
  • the frequency of cytosine methylation to be analyzed can be measured.
  • the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme does not cleave DNA in a methylated state. It is possible to distinguish whether cytosine in at least one CpG pair existing in the recognition site of the methylation sensitive restriction enzyme in the genomic DNA contained in is methylated. In other words, by digesting with the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme, at least one CpG present in the recognition site of the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme in the genomic DNA contained in the mammal-derived specimen. If the cytosine in the pair is not methylated, it is cleaved by the methylation sensitive restriction enzyme.
  • cytosine in all CpG pairs existing in the recognition site of the methylation sensitive restriction enzyme in genomic DNA contained in a mammal-derived specimen is methylated, the methylation sensitivity Not cleaved by restriction enzymes. Therefore, after the digestion treatment, as described later, by performing PCR using a pair of primers capable of amplifying the target DNA region, the restriction on the genomic DNA contained in the mammal-derived specimen is performed.
  • cytosine in at least one CpG pair existing in the enzyme recognition site is not methylated, an amplification product by PCR cannot be obtained, whereas the genome contained in the mammal-derived specimen If cytosine in all CpG pairs existing in the recognition site of the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme in DNA is methylated, an amplification product by PCR is obtained.
  • quantification is required, high-accuracy quantification is possible by detecting PCR reaction products in real time and performing kinetic analysis, for example, to detect even a slight difference of about twice the gene amount. The amount of each product can also be compared using real-time PCR which is a PCR method.
  • Examples of a method for performing real-time PCR include a method using a probe such as a template-dependent nucleic acid polymerase probe or a method using an intercalator such as Cyber Green. Equipment and kits for real-time PCR are already commercially available.
  • a method for examining the presence or absence of digestion with the restriction enzyme for example, derived from the Arginine vasopressin receptor 1A gene on DNA subjected to a methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme containing cytosine to be analyzed as a recognition sequence
  • a method of examining the length of the hybridized DNA by performing Southern hybridization using a DNA that does not contain the recognition sequence of the restriction enzyme as a probe can be mentioned.
  • the cytosine to be analyzed When the cytosine to be analyzed is methylated, longer DNA is detected than when the cytosine is not methylated. By comparing the amount of detected long DNA and the amount of short DNA, the frequency of cytosine methylation to be analyzed can be measured.
  • the methylation rate of cytosine contained in the target DNA may be measured quantitatively using the MassARRAY system of SEQUENOM. Specifically, a reagent for modifying unmethylated cytosine is allowed to act on genomic DNA extracted from a specimen, and then a target DNA region is amplified by a PCR method. Next, the amplified DNA region is transcribed into RNA by RNA polymerase.
  • the obtained transcription product is treated with RNase and subjected to mass spectrometry by MASS.
  • This method is a method for quantifying methylcytosine contained in DNA in a specimen based on the change in molecular weight caused by the action of a reagent that modifies unmethylated cytosine. More specifically, the following method may be used in accordance with the outline of EpiTYPER for quantitative DNA methylation analysis using the MassARRAY system shown in the SEQUENOM application note.
  • the following primer system is designed for methylation analysis. To obtain a product suitable for in vitro transcription, a reverse primer with a T7 promoter added is used. Insert an 8 bp insert to prevent cycling failure. In order to balance PCR, a forward primer with a 10-mer tag is used.
  • Bisulfite processing For the Bisulfite conversion treatment of the sample genomic DNA, EZ-96 DNA Methylation Kit or EZ DNA Methylation Kit of Zymo Research is used. After the initial incubation of this protocol, the cycle reaction is performed as follows. 45 cycles with 95 ° C for 30 minutes and then 50 ° C for 15 minutes (1) Step 1: Amplification Amplify 1 ⁇ L of DNA in a total volume of 5 ⁇ L using a 385-microtiter format (use 10 ng / ⁇ L or more of DNA in an amount of 1.00 ⁇ L or more to achieve a final concentration of 2 ng / ⁇ L per reaction).
  • Step 2 Dephosphorylation 2 ⁇ L of shrimp-derived alkaline phosphatase (SAP) enzyme is added to 5 ⁇ L of each PCR reaction solution to dephosphorylate dNTPs that have not been incorporated into PCR.
  • SAP shrimp-derived alkaline phosphatase
  • Step 3 In vitro transcription and RNase cleavage Prepare a transcription / RNase A cocktail for each cleavage reaction (T and C). The standard setup prepares one transcription / RNase A cocktail per plate. Add 5 ⁇ L of transcription / RNase A cocktail and 2 ⁇ L of PCR / SAP sample to a new microtiter plate that has not been cycled. The plate is centrifuged for 1 minute and then the plate is incubated at 37 ° C. for 3 hours. (4) Step 4: Sample conditioning Add 20 ⁇ L of ddH20 to each sample in the 384-well plate. Add 6 mg of Clean Resin to each well using a resin plate.
  • Step 5 Sample movement Dispense 10-15 nL of EpiTYPE reaction product into 384 well SpectroCHIP.
  • Step 6 Sample analysis Using the MassARRAY system, spectra of two types of cleavage reactions are obtained.
  • Step 6 Analysis software The result is analyzed with EpiTYPER software, and the methylation rate of the target DNA is measured. Using the various methods as described above, the methylation frequency of the present DNA contained in a mammal-derived specimen is measured.
  • the measured methylation frequency and, for example, the methylation frequency of a target DNA contained in a sample derived from a healthy mammal that can be diagnosed as having no cancer cells such as colon cancer cells, lung cancer cells, breast cancer cells control
  • the degree of canceration of the specimen is determined based on the difference obtained by the comparison. If the methylation frequency of the DNA contained in a mammal-derived specimen is higher than that of the control (if the DNA is highly methylated in comparison with the control), the degree of canceration of the specimen is increased. It can be determined to be higher than the control.
  • the “degree of canceration” has the same meaning as that generally used in the art.
  • a mammal-derived specimen when a mammal-derived specimen is a cell, the malignancy of the cell or cancer
  • a mammal-derived specimen when a mammal-derived specimen is a tissue, it means the abundance of cancer cells in the tissue.
  • the content of methylated DNA in this DNA can be measured by the following methylated DNA content measurement method.
  • the methylated DNA content measurement method is a method for measuring the content of methylated DNA in a target DNA region possessed by the base sequence of the target DNA region contained in a mammal-derived specimen, (1) a first step of digesting a genomic DNA-derived DNA sample contained in a mammal-derived specimen with a methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme; (2) Obtaining methylated single-stranded DNA from the digested DNA sample obtained in the first step, and binding the single-stranded DNA with an immobilized methylated DNA antibody A second step of selecting a double-stranded DNA; and (3) A step of separating the single-stranded DNA selected in the second step as a pre-step of each of the following steps from the immobilized methylated DNA antibody into a single-stranded DNA (positive strand) ( First pre-processing),
  • the DNA derived from the genome (positive strand) that was made into a single strand state in the first pre-process is a partial base sequence (positive strand) of the base sequence of the
  • extension primer reverse primer having a base sequence (positive strand) that is complementary to the base sequence (negative strand) as an extension primer
  • the extension primer is extended once to achieve the above-mentioned purpose.
  • a step B (this step) of extending a single-stranded DNA containing a DNA region as a double-stranded DNA
  • each step of the third step is repeated after separating the double-stranded DNA formed by extension obtained in each of the steps into a single-stranded state, and then repeating the above steps.
  • a third step of amplifying the amplified DNA to a detectable amount and quantifying the amount of the amplified DNA.
  • “Complementary” in the methylated DNA content measurement method means that double-stranded DNA is formed by base pairing by hydrogen bonding between bases.
  • the bases constituting each single-stranded DNA of the double-stranded DNAs form a double strand by base pairing of purine and pyrimidine, specifically, for example, a plurality of consecutive This means that a double-stranded DNA is formed by a base bond by a hydrogen bond between thymine and cytosine or a base bond by a hydrogen bond between guanine and adenine.
  • Binding by complementarity may be described as “complementary binding”.
  • “Complementary binding” may also be described as “complementary base pairing” or “binding by complementarity”.
  • base sequences that can be complementarily bonded may be described as “complementary to each other” and “bonded by complementarity (complementary (by base pairing) bond)”.
  • the term “complementary” also includes that inosine contained in an artificially prepared oligonucleotide binds to cytosine, adenine or thymine by hydrogen bonding.
  • “single-stranded DNA containing the target DNA region (negative strand)” forms a conjugate (double-stranded) with the single-stranded DNA containing the target DNA region.
  • methylated DNA and “methylated DNA” refer to a base sequence represented by 5′-CG-3 ′ in a DNA base sequence (hereinafter, the base sequence is referred to as “ CpG ”)) means DNA in which the 5-position of cytosine is methylated.
  • CpG DNA base sequence represented by 5′-CG-3 ′ in a DNA base sequence
  • “Methylation frequency” is represented, for example, by the ratio of haploids in which cytosine is methylated when the presence or absence of cytosine methylation in CpG to be investigated is examined for a plurality of haploids.
  • Examples of the “index value correlated with (methylation frequency)” include, for example, the amount of the expression product of the present DNA (more specifically, the amount of the transcription product of the present DNA and the amount of the translation product of the present DNA). Etc. In the case of the amount of such an expression product, there is a negative correlation that decreases as the methylation frequency increases.
  • Examples of the “immobilized methylated DNA antibody” in the method for measuring methylated DNA content include methylcytosine antibody.
  • the immobilized methylated DNA antibody may be any antibody that can be immobilized on a support, and “an antibody that can be immobilized on a support” means that the immobilized methylated DNA antibody is directly or indirectly attached to the support. It can be fixed to.
  • the immobilized methylated DNA antibody is immobilized on a support (binding to a solid phase) according to a normal genetic engineering operation method or a commercially available kit / device.
  • a biotinylated immobilized methylated DNA antibody obtained by biotinylating an immobilized methylated DNA antibody is coated with streptavidin (eg, a PCR tube coated with streptavidin, or coated with streptavidin.
  • the immobilized methylated DNA antibody is obtained by covalently bonding a molecule having an active functional group such as an amino group, a thiol group, or an aldehyde group, and then activating the surface with a silane coupling agent or the like, a polysaccharide derivative,
  • a silane coupling agent or the like a polysaccharide derivative
  • covalent bond examples include, for example, a method in which five triglycerides are linked in series using a spacer, a crosslinker, or the like.
  • the immobilized methylated DNA antibody may be directly immobilized on the support, or the antibody against the immobilized methylated DNA antibody (secondary antibody) is immobilized on the support, and the methylated antibody is bound to the secondary antibody.
  • You may fix to a support body by making it. It may be immobilized by the binding of the immobilized methylated DNA antibody and the support at the stage before the binding of the single stranded DNA and the immobilized methylated DNA antibody, or the single stranded DNA may be immobilized. It may be immobilized by binding of the immobilized methylated DNA antibody and the support at the stage after binding with the methylated DNA antibody.
  • the “methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme” (specifically, a restriction enzyme that can identify the presence or absence of methylation of cytosine) used in the method for measuring methylated DNA content has the same meaning as in the evaluation method of the present invention. It means a restriction enzyme that can digest a recognition sequence containing unmethylated cytosine without digesting a recognition sequence containing methylated cytosine. That is, in the case of DNA in which cytosine contained in a “recognition sequence” that can be originally recognized by a methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme is methylated, the DNA is not cleaved even when a methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme is allowed to act.
  • the DNA is cleaved by the action of the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme.
  • a methylation-sensitive enzyme include HpaII, BstUI, NarI, SacII and the like (see, for example, Nucleic Acid Research, 9, 2509-2515).
  • the “methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme” in the method for measuring methylated DNA content include a restriction enzyme having a recognition cleavage site in the DNA region intended for the base sequence of the present DNA, HhaI, and the like.
  • the second step is performed without performing the digestion treatment with the methylation sensitive restriction enzyme in the first step in the method.
  • the second step of the method for measuring methylated DNA content the methylated double-stranded DNA contained in the digested DNA sample obtained in the first step is separated into methylated single-stranded DNA.
  • Step A ie, Step A in Step 2
  • Step B ie, Step 2 of binding the methylated single-stranded DNA obtained in Step A and the immobilized methylated DNA antibody.
  • the methylated double-stranded DNA contained in the digested DNA sample obtained in the first step is separated into methylated single-stranded DNA.
  • a general operation for converting double-stranded DNA into single-stranded DNA is performed. Specifically, for example, a DNA sample derived from genomic DNA contained in a mammal-derived specimen is dissolved in an appropriate amount of ultrapure water, heated at 95 ° C. for 10 minutes, and rapidly cooled in ice.
  • the second step of the method for measuring the content of methylated DNA in order to select single-stranded DNA by binding the methylated single-stranded DNA separated as described above and an immobilized methylated DNA antibody, as described in the description of “immobilized methylated DNA antibody”, specifically, for example, “biotinylated methylcytosine antibody labeled with biotin” is used as the immobilized methylated DNA antibody as follows. carry out.
  • a biotinylated methylcytosine antibody is added to an appropriate amount (for example, 0.1 ⁇ g / 50 ⁇ L) of an avidin-coated PCR tube, and then allowed to stand at room temperature for about 1 hour, whereby biotinylated methylcytosine antibody and streptocyte Encourage immobilization with avidin.
  • the washing buffer for example, phosphate buffer containing 0.05% Tween 20 (1 mM KH 2 PO 4 3 mM Na 2 HPO 7H 2 O, 154 mM NaCl pH 7.4)] is added at a rate of 100 ⁇ L / tube.
  • Double-stranded DNA derived from genomic DNA contained in a mammal-derived sample and a buffer for example, 33 mM Tris-Acetate pH 7.9, 66 mM KOAc, 10 mM Mg (OAc) 2 , 0.5 mM Dithothreitol
  • a buffer for example, 33 mM Tris-Acetate pH 7.9, 66 mM KOAc, 10 mM Mg (OAc) 2 , 0.5 mM Dithothreitol
  • the resulting mixture is allowed to return to room temperature.
  • C The formed single-stranded DNA is added to an avidin-coated PCR tube on which a biotinylated methylcytosine antibody is immobilized, and the resulting mixture is allowed to stand at room temperature for about 1 hour, whereby biotinylated methyl Encourage binding between cytosine antibody and methylated single-stranded DNA of the single-stranded DNA (formation of a conjugate) (at this stage, single-stranded DNA containing at least a non-methylated DNA region is bound) Does not form a body.) Thereafter, the remaining solution is removed from the PCR tube and washed.
  • Wash buffer [eg, 0.05% Tween 20-containing phosphate buffer (1 mM KH 2 PO 4 3 mM Na 2 HPO 7H 2 O, 15 mM NaCl pH 7.4)] is added at a rate of 100 ⁇ L / tube, and then the solution is removed from the PCR tube. By repeating the washing operation several times, the washed conjugate is left in the PCR tube (selection of conjugate).
  • the buffer used in the above (b) is not limited to the buffer as long as it is suitable for separating double-stranded DNA derived from a biological sample-derived genomic DNA into single-stranded DNA.
  • the cells are suspended in a solution that has not been immobilized to the immobilized methylated DNA antibody that has not been immobilized, or that has not been bound to the immobilized methylated DNA antibody.
  • This is an important operation for removing unmethylated single-stranded DNA or DNA floating in a solution digested with a restriction enzyme described later from the reaction solution.
  • the washing buffer is not limited to the washing buffer as long as it is suitable for removing the above-mentioned free immobilized methylated DNA antibody, single-stranded DNA floating in the solution, and the like, but the DELFIA buffer (PerkinElmer) Manufactured by Tris-HCl pH 7.8 with Tween 80), TE buffer, or the like.
  • a preferred embodiment for separating methylated single-stranded DNA includes, for example, adding a counter oligonucleotide.
  • the counter oligonucleotide include those obtained by dividing the same base sequence as the target DNA region into short oligonucleotides.
  • Preferred examples include those usually designed to have a length of 10 to 100 bases, more preferably 20 to 50 bases.
  • the counter oligonucleotide is not designed on the base sequence that the forward primer or reverse primer binds complementarily to the target DNA region.
  • the counter oligonucleotide is added in a large excess compared to genomic DNA, and the target DNA region is converted into a single strand (positive strand) and then combined with the immobilized methylated DNA antibody.
  • the complementary strand (negative strand) of the region and the target DNA region are added to prevent the single strand (positive strand) from recombining due to complementarity.
  • the counter oligonucleotide is preferably added in an amount of at least 10 times, usually 100 times or more, as compared with the target DNA region.
  • “adding a counter oligonucleotide (when separating methylated single-stranded DNA)” specifically refers to a DNA sample derived from genomic DNA contained in a mammal-derived specimen.
  • a DNA sample derived from genomic DNA contained in a mammal-derived specimen is mixed with a counter oligonucleotide, and the complementary strand of the target DNA region and the counter oligonucleotide are mixed with each other. To form a double strand.
  • a buffer solution (330 mM Tris-Acetate pH 7.9, 660 mM KOAc, 100 mM MgOAc is added to the mixture of the DNA sample and the counter oligonucleotide.
  • 2 5 mM Dithiothreitol) 5 ⁇ L and 100 mM MgCl 2 Add 5 ⁇ L of the solution and 5 ⁇ L of 1 mg / mL BSA solution, add sterilized ultrapure water to the mixture to make 50 ⁇ L, mix, heat at 95 ° C. for 10 minutes, and quickly cool to 70 ° C. The temperature is kept at that temperature for 10 minutes, then cooled to 50 ° C., kept at temperature for 10 minutes, further kept at 37 ° C.
  • the third step of the method for measuring methylated DNA content includes the following steps: (1) Pre-process ((i) first pre-process, (ii) second pre-process, (iii) third pre-process) (2) This step ((i) Step A, (ii) Step B) and (3) Repetition step ((i) amplification step, (ii) quantification step).
  • Pre-process in the third process (I) First pre-process in the pre-process in the third process
  • the first pre-process is a process of separating the single-stranded DNA selected in the second process from the immobilized methylated DNA antibody into a free single-stranded DNA.
  • an annealing buffer is added to the single-stranded DNA selected in the second step to obtain a mixture.
  • the obtained mixture is heated at 95 ° C. for several minutes to obtain DNA (positive strand) in a single-stranded state.
  • Second pre-process in the pre-process in the third process In the second pre-process, the genome-derived DNA (positive strand) that was made free single-stranded in the first pre-process and the partial base sequence of the base sequence of the single-stranded DNA (positive strand) ( Complementary to the partial base sequence (positive strand) which is located on the 3 ′ end side further from the 3 ′ end of the base sequence (positive strand) of the target DNA region.
  • extension primer having a certain base sequence (negative strand) as an extension primer
  • the extension primer is extended once, thereby free double-stranded DNA (positive strand).
  • This is a step of extending and forming DNA.
  • the single-stranded DNA (positive strand) obtained in the first pre-process and the forward primer are mixed with 17.85 ⁇ L of sterilized ultrapure water and an optimal buffer (for example, 100 mM Tris-HCl pH).
  • the double-stranded DNA extended in the second pre-process is complementary to the single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing the target DNA region and the target DNA region.
  • This is a step of once separating into single-stranded DNA (negative strand) containing a sequence. Specifically, for example, by adding an annealing buffer to the double-stranded DNA formed by extension in the second previous step, a mixture is obtained, and the resulting mixture is heated at 95 ° C. for several minutes to achieve the purpose. Once separated into single-stranded DNA containing the DNA region to be treated.
  • Step A in this step in the third step Step A comprises the step of extending the extension primer once using the generated single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing the target DNA region as a template and the forward primer as an extension primer.
  • a single-stranded DNA containing the DNA region is extended as a double-stranded DNA.
  • the Tm value of the forward primer is about 0 to 20 Immediately cool to a lower temperature and keep at that temperature for several minutes; (B) then return to room temperature; and (C) Using the DNA in the single-stranded state annealed in (c) above as a template, the forward primer as an extension primer, and extending the primer once to achieve the above object A single-stranded DNA containing a base sequence complementary to the DNA region is extended as a double-stranded DNA.
  • Step B in this step in the third step a single-stranded DNA (negative strand) containing a base sequence that is complementary to the generated target DNA region is used as a template, and the base is complementary to the target DNA region. It is a partial base sequence (negative strand) of the base sequence of single-stranded DNA (negative strand) containing the sequence, and is complementary to the base sequence (positive strand) of the target DNA region.
  • An extension primer (reverse primer) having a base sequence (positive strand) that is complementary to a partial base sequence (negative strand) located further 3 'end than the 3' end of the base sequence (negative strand)
  • This is a step of extending a single-stranded DNA containing the target DNA region as a double-stranded DNA by extending the extended primer once as an extended primer.
  • the amplification step is performed by repeating each step of the third step after separating the elongated double-stranded DNA obtained in each step into a single-stranded state, and then repeating the process. Amplifying the methylated DNA in the region to a detectable amount. Specifically, for example, it is carried out according to the same operation method as in the step A and the step B in the third step (2).
  • Quantification step in the repetition step in the third step The quantification step is a step of quantifying the amount of DNA amplified by the amplification step in the repetition step of the third step.
  • the reaction from the first previous step in the previous step to the present step and the repetition step can be carried out as one PCR reaction. Moreover, it can also carry out as an independent reaction from the 1st pre-process in the pre-process to the 3rd pre-process, respectively, and can also implement only this process as PCR reaction then.
  • PCR can be used as a method for amplifying a target DNA region (ie, a target region) contained in the selected single-stranded DNA.
  • a primer previously labeled with fluorescence or the like is used and the label is used as an index
  • the presence or absence of an amplification product can be evaluated without performing a cumbersome operation such as electrophoresis.
  • a PCR reaction solution for example, 0.15 ⁇ l of a 50 ⁇ M primer solution, 2.5 ⁇ l of 2 mM dNTP, 10 ⁇ buffer solution (100 mM Tris-HCl pH 8) are added to the DNA obtained in the second step of this method.
  • the reaction may be carried out by adding an appropriate amount of betaine, DMSO or the like.
  • the above reaction solution is kept at 95 ° C. for 10 minutes, then at 95 ° C. for 30 seconds, then at 55 to 65 ° C.
  • the conditions for performing the heat retention for 30 to 40 cycles can be given.
  • the obtained amplification product is detected.
  • the amount of the amplification product in the PCR reaction can be measured by measuring the amount of the fluorescent label after performing the same washing / purifying operation as described above.
  • the amount of the probe bound to the target region is measured after annealing gold colloid particles, a probe labeled with fluorescence, and the like.
  • a real-time PCR method is used.
  • the “real-time PCR method” is a method for monitoring PCR in real time and analyzing the obtained monitoring result by kinetic analysis, and can detect even a slight difference of about twice as much as the amount of gene, for example.
  • This method is known as a high-precision quantitative PCR method.
  • the real-time PCR method include a method using a probe such as a template-dependent nucleic acid polymerase probe, a method using an intercalator such as Cyber Green, and the like.
  • Commercially available devices and kits for the real-time PCR method may be used.
  • detection is not particularly limited, and detection by any known method can be performed. In these methods, operations up to detection can be performed without changing the reaction container.
  • Method 1 includes the following steps: The first step, the second step, the third step, and Fourth step (previous step, main step ((i) A step ((i1) step A1 step, (i2) step A2 step), (ii) step B)), repeating step ((i) amplification step, ( ii) Quantitative process)).
  • method 1 is a method for measuring the content of methylated DNA in a target DNA region as a target DNA region, which is the base sequence of the present DNA contained in a mammal-derived specimen, (1) a first step of digesting a genomic DNA-derived DNA sample contained in a mammal-derived specimen with a methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme; (2) Obtaining a single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing a target DNA region from the digested DNA sample obtained in the first step, the single-stranded DNA (positive strand), By binding a single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide having a complementary base sequence to a part of the 3 ′ end of the single-stranded DNA (however, the DNA region of interest is not included).
  • a second step of selecting the single-stranded DNA (3) Using the single-stranded DNA selected in the second step as a template, using the single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide as a primer, and extending the primer once, the single-stranded DNA is converted into a double-stranded DNA.
  • the process has a process (pre-process) for once separating the elongated double-stranded DNA obtained in the third process into a single-stranded state.
  • the single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide as a primer, and extending the primer once, thereby double-extracting the single-stranded DNA.
  • a step A2 (this step) having an A2 step of extending and forming as a double-stranded DNA; (B) using the generated single-stranded DNA (negative strand) as a template, the single-stranded DNA (negative strand) having a partial base sequence (negative strand), and Complementary to the partial base sequence (negative strand) located 3 'end further than the 3' end of the base sequence (negative strand) complementary to the base sequence (positive strand) of the target DNA region
  • a primer reverse primer
  • the extension primer is extended once, thereby extending the single-stranded DNA as a double-stranded DNA.
  • Method 2 includes the following steps: The first step, the second step, the third step, and Fourth step (previous step, main step ((i) A step ((i1) step A1 step, (i2) step A2 step)), (ii) step B), repetition step ((i) amplification step, (Ii) Quantitative process)
  • the method 2 comprises a single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing the target DNA region in the second step and a part of the 3 ′ end of the single-stranded DNA (provided that the target DNA region In a reaction system containing a divalent cation when binding to a single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide having a base sequence complementary to Is the method.
  • Method 3 includes the following steps: The first step, the second step, the third step, and Fourth step (previous step, main step ((i) A step ((i1) step A1 step, (i2) step A2 step), (ii) step B)), repeating step ((i) amplification step, ( ii) Quantitative process)).
  • Method 3 is the method described in Method 2 in which the divalent cation is a magnesium ion.
  • Method 4 includes the following steps: The first step, the second step, the third step, and Fourth step (pre-step (including pre-addition step), main step ((i) step A ((i1) step A1, step (i2) step A2), (ii) step B, (iii) step Step C ((iii1) Step C1, Step (iii2) Step C2)), Repeat step ((i) Amplification step, (ii) Quantification step)).
  • the method further includes the following one step: (C) (i) by binding the generated single-stranded DNA (positive strand) to the single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) added in the reaction system in the previous step, Step C1 for selecting DNA in a single-stranded state; (Ii) using the single-stranded DNA selected in step C1 as a template, using the single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) as a primer, and extending the primer
  • Method 5 includes the following steps: The first step, the second step, the third step, and Fourth step (pre-step (including pre-addition step and pre-addition step), main step ((i) Step A ((i1) Step A1, Step (i2) Step A2), (ii) Step B (Iii) Step C), repetitive step ((i) amplification step, (ii) quantitative step)).
  • the method 5 in the post-operation stage before the fourth step a part of the 3 ′ end of the single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing the target DNA region (provided that the target is set)
  • a single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) that has a complementary nucleotide sequence to the reaction system and is free to the reaction system pre-addition step
  • a step of once separating the single-stranded DNA) into a single-stranded state (additional re-preceding step), and
  • the method further includes the following one step: (C) (i) by binding the generated single-stranded DNA (positive strand) to the single-
  • Method 6 is a method for measuring a methylation ratio, which further includes the following two steps in addition to the steps of the method described in any one of the methods 1 to 5: (5) Without performing the first step of the method according to any one of the methods 1 to 5, by performing the second step to the fourth step in the method according to any one of the inventions 1 to 5, A fifth step of amplifying the DNA of the target DNA region (total amount of methylated DNA and non-methylated DNA) to a detectable amount, and quantifying the amount of amplified DNA; and (6) Based on the difference obtained by comparing the amount of DNA quantified by the fourth step according to any one of the methods 1 to 5 with the amount of DNA quantified by the fifth step, A sixth step of calculating the ratio of methylated DNA in the DNA region.
  • Method 7 is a method in which the second step is performed without performing the digestion treatment with the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme in the first step described in the methods 1 to 6 above.
  • a single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing a target DNA region is obtained from the digested DNA sample obtained in the first step,
  • the single-stranded DNA is selected by binding to an immobilized oligonucleotide.
  • the “single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide” described in the above methods 1 to 7 is a part of the 3 ′ end of a single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing the target DNA region (provided that the target is used)
  • a single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide having a base sequence that is complementary to the DNA region (hereinafter also referred to as the present immobilized oligonucleotide).
  • This immobilized oligonucleotide is used for selecting single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing a target DNA region from a DNA sample derived from genomic DNA contained in a mammal-derived specimen.
  • the immobilized oligonucleotide preferably has a length of 5 to 50 bases.
  • the 5 ′ end side of the present immobilized oligonucleotide can be immobilized with a carrier, while the 3 ′ end side thereof is directed from the 5 ′ end to the 3 ′ end by the third step and step A2 described later. It may be in a free state so that a single extension reaction that proceeds is possible.
  • the present immobilized oligonucleotide may be immobilized at its 5 ′ or 3 ′ end with a carrier.
  • the “can be immobilized with a carrier” described in the above methods 1 to 7 means that the present immobilized oligonucleotide is used as a carrier when selecting a single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing the target DNA region.
  • the immobilized oligonucleotide and the carrier are immobilized. There may be.
  • an oligonucleotide having a base sequence (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the present oligonucleotide) is immobilized on a carrier according to a normal genetic engineering operation method or a commercially available kit / device (solid phase To).
  • the obtained biotinylated oligonucleotide is coated with streptavidin (eg, a PCR tube coated with streptavidin, or coated with streptavidin. And fixing to magnetic beads).
  • streptavidin eg, a PCR tube coated with streptavidin, or coated with streptavidin. And fixing to magnetic beads.
  • a method of covalently bonding to a support made of silica or a heat-resistant plastic via a spacer, a crosslinker, or the like, such as a structure in which five triglycerides are connected in series may be mentioned.
  • a method of chemically synthesizing directly from the 5 ′ end side of the present oligonucleotide on a glass or silicon support is also included.
  • the present immobilized oligonucleotide is a biotinylated oligonucleotide
  • A First, a DNA sample derived from genomic DNA contained in a mammal-derived specimen is subjected to an annealing buffer and a biotinylated oligonucleotide (the step after binding of the single-stranded DNA (positive strand) and the present immobilized oligonucleotide)
  • the mixture is obtained by adding the present immobilized oligonucleotide and the carrier, which are immobilized by binding to the carrier, at this stage.
  • the resulting mixture is then used for several minutes at 95 ° C.
  • the binding between the single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing the target DNA region and the biotinylated oligonucleotide is coated with the biotinylated oligonucleotide and streptavidin.
  • the order may be either. That is, for example, a mixture is obtained by adding a DNA sample derived from a genomic DNA contained in a mammal-derived specimen to a biotinylated oligonucleotide immobilized on a support coated with streptavidin, and the resulting mixture Is heated at 95 ° C.
  • biotinylated oligo is converted to single-stranded double-stranded DNA containing a target DNA region present in a genomic DNA-derived DNA sample contained in a mammal-derived specimen.
  • the biotinylated oligonucleotide may be rapidly cooled to a temperature about 10 to 20 ° C. lower than the Tm value of the biotinylated oligonucleotide, and kept at that temperature for several minutes.
  • D After fixing the biotinylated oligonucleotide to the support coated with streptavidin in this way, the remaining solution is removed and washed (DNA purification).
  • the solution when using a PCR tube coated with streptavidin, the solution is first removed by pipetting or decantation, and then a TE buffer having a volume approximately equal to the volume of the mammal-derived specimen is added thereto. Add, then remove the TE buffer by pipetting or decanting.
  • a TE buffer having a volume approximately equal to the volume of the mammal-derived specimen is added thereto. Add, then remove the TE buffer by pipetting or decanting.
  • magnetic beads coated with streptavidin after fixing the beads with a magnet, first remove the solution by pipetting or decantation, and then add TE buffer that is approximately equal to the volume of the mammal-derived specimen. Add, then remove the TE buffer by pipetting or decanting. Subsequently, the residual solution is removed and washed (DNA purification) by performing such an operation several times.
  • This operation is important for removing unimmobilized DNA or DNA floating in a solution digested with a restriction enzyme described later from the reaction solution. If these operations are insufficient, the DNA floating in the reaction solution becomes a template, and an unexpected amplification product is obtained in the amplification reaction.
  • DNA having a completely different nucleotide sequence from the target region for example, rat DNA in the case of a human mammal-derived specimen
  • a large amount is added to the mammal-derived specimen, and the above operation is performed.
  • a single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing the target DNA region and a part of the 3 ′ end of the single-stranded DNA (provided that When a single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide having a base sequence that is complementary to the target DNA region is not bound), it is bound in a reaction system containing a divalent cation.
  • a divalent cation is a magnesium ion.
  • the “reaction system containing a divalent cation” means a divalent cation in an annealing buffer used for binding the single-stranded DNA (positive strand) and the single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide.
  • a salt containing magnesium ion as a constituent element for example, Mg (OAc)) 2 MgCl 2 Etc.
  • Mg (OAc) MgCl 2 Etc.
  • the single-stranded DNA is elongated as double-stranded DNA.
  • an extension reaction is performed using DNA polymerase.
  • the third step described in the methods 1 to 7 is carried out as follows when, for example, the present immobilized oligonucleotide is a biotinylated oligonucleotide.
  • the incubated solution is removed by pipetting or decanting, and then a TE buffer having an amount substantially equal to the volume of the mammal-derived specimen is added thereto, and the TE buffer is removed by pipetting or decanting. More specifically, for example, when using a PCR tube coated with streptavidin, the solution is first removed by pipetting or decantation, and then a TE buffer having a volume approximately equal to the volume of the mammal-derived specimen is added thereto. Add, then remove the TE buffer by pipetting or decanting.
  • the third step described in the methods 1 to 7 includes a step of separating the single-stranded DNA selected in the second step from the immobilized oligonucleotide and once separating it into a single-stranded state.
  • the forward primer having a complementary base sequence (negative strand) is used as an extension primer, and the primer is extended once to form the single-stranded DNA as a double-stranded DNA.
  • heating is performed at 95 ° C. for several minutes in order to make double-stranded DNA into a single strand.
  • the forward primer is quickly cooled to a temperature about 10-20 ° C.
  • a double strand of DNA (positive strand) and a forward primer is formed.
  • An optimal 10 ⁇ buffer solution 100 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.3, 500 mM KCl, 15 mM MgCl was added to the resulting double-stranded DNA solution.
  • the third step may be performed independently of the fourth step, or may be performed continuously with the PCR reaction performed in the fourth step.
  • the double-stranded DNA formed in the third step (recognized by the recognition site of the methylation sensitive restriction enzyme)
  • the amplified DNA is amplified to a detectable amount and the amount of amplified DNA is quantified.
  • an elongated double-stranded DNA that is an undigested product obtained in the third step (the methylation) The double-stranded DNA formed by extension containing no CpG pair in the ammethyl state at the recognition site of the sensitive restriction enzyme is once separated into a single-stranded state.
  • an extended double-stranded DNA that is an undigested product obtained in the third step (a two-strand DNA that does not contain a CpG pair in an methylated state at the recognition site of the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme).
  • An annealing buffer is added to the double-stranded DNA) to obtain a mixture.
  • the resulting mixture is then heated at 95 ° C. for several minutes.
  • Step A1 in Step A By using the single-stranded DNA selected in (i) above as a template and the single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide as a primer, and extending the primer once, A certain DNA is extended and formed as double-stranded DNA (that is, step A2 in step A). Specifically, for example, it is carried out according to the following explanation or the operation method in the extension reaction in the second step described in the above methods 1 to 7.
  • extension primer reverse primer having a complementary base sequence (positive strand) as an extension primer (reverse primer)
  • extension primer reverse primer
  • the extension primer is extended once, so that the DNA in the single-stranded state is obtained. It is formed as a double-stranded DNA by extension (ie, step B).
  • each step of the fourth step is repeated after separating the double-stranded DNA formed by extension obtained in each step into a single-stranded state (for example, step A and step A).
  • step B the methylated DNA in the target DNA region is amplified to a detectable amount, and the amount of the amplified DNA is quantified.
  • the operation is performed according to the following description and the operation method in the previous step, the A step and the B step in the fourth step described in the methods 1 to 7 described above.
  • PCR As a method for amplifying a target DNA region (that is, a target region) after digestion with a methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme described in the methods 1 to 7, for example, PCR can be used.
  • an immobilized oligonucleotide can be used as a primer on one side, so by adding only the other primer and performing PCR, an amplification product is obtained, and the amplification product is also immobilized.
  • the Rukoto At this time, if a primer previously labeled with fluorescence or the like is used and the label is used as an index, the presence or absence of an amplification product can be evaluated without performing a troublesome operation such as electrophoresis.
  • a PCR reaction solution for example, 0.15 ⁇ l of a 50 ⁇ M primer solution, 2.5 ⁇ l of 2 mM dNTP, 10 ⁇ buffer solution (100 mM) are added to the DNA obtained in the third step described in the above methods 1 to 7.
  • Tris-HCl pH 8.3, 500 mM KCl, 20 mM MgCl 2 , 0.01% Gelatin) is mixed with 2.5 ⁇ l and AmpliTaq Gold (a kind of heat-resistant DNA polymerase: 5 U / ⁇ l) is mixed with 0.2 ⁇ l, and sterilized ultrapure water is added thereto to a volume of 25 ⁇ l.
  • AmpliTaq Gold a kind of heat-resistant DNA polymerase: 5 U / ⁇ l
  • the reaction may be carried out by adding an appropriate amount of betaine, DMSO or the like.
  • betaine for example, after the reaction solution is kept at 95 ° C. for 10 minutes as described above, one cycle is 95 ° C. for 30 seconds, 55 to 65 ° C. for 30 seconds, and 72 ° C. for 30 seconds.
  • the condition for performing the heat insulation for 30 to 40 cycles can be given.
  • the obtained amplification product is detected.
  • the amount of the fluorescent label immobilized can be measured after performing the same washing / purifying operation as before.
  • PCR when PCR is performed using a normal unlabeled primer, detection is performed by annealing gold colloid particles, a probe labeled with fluorescence, etc., and measuring the amount of the probe bound to the target region. be able to.
  • real-time PCR method is used, for example.
  • the real-time PCR method is a method for monitoring PCR in real time and kinetics analysis of the obtained monitoring results. For example, a high-precision quantitative PCR capable of detecting even a slight difference of about twice as much as the gene amount. It is a method known as law.
  • Examples of the real-time PCR method include a method using a probe such as a template-dependent nucleic acid polymerase probe and a method using an intercalator such as Cyber Green. Commercially available devices and kits for the real-time PCR method may be used. As described above, detection is not particularly limited, and detection by any known method can be performed. In these methods, operations up to detection can be performed without changing the reaction container.
  • a biotinylated oligonucleotide having the same base sequence as the immobilized oligonucleotide described in the above methods 1 to 7 is designed with a primer on one side or a new biotinylated oligonucleotide on the 3 ′ end side from the immobilized oligonucleotide. It can also be used as a primer on one side, and the target region can be amplified using the complementary primer.
  • the obtained amplification product is immobilized if there is a support coated with streptavidin, for example, when PCR is performed in a streptavidin-coated PCR tube, it is immobilized in the tube.
  • the use of labeled primers makes it easy to detect amplification products. If the previous immobilized oligonucleotide is immobilized by covalent bond or the like, the solution containing the amplification product obtained by PCR is transferred to the container where the streptavidin-coated support is present, and the amplification product is immobilized. It is possible. The detection is performed as described above.
  • the complementary primer for amplifying the target region must be a primer that can amplify a target region having one or more recognition sites for methylation sensitive restriction enzymes and does not include the recognition site. The reason for this is as follows.
  • the complementary primer contains the recognition site for the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme on the most 3 ′ end
  • several bases on the 3 ′ end of the primer are the number of 3 ′ ends of the nascent strand. This is because the target region may be amplified by PCR as a result of annealing with the base.
  • one of the 3 ′ ends of the single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing the target DNA region is used.
  • a step of adding a single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) having a base sequence that is complementary to a portion (excluding the target DNA region) and in a free state into the reaction system Variants that additionally have a pre-addition step.
  • (Modification 1) Variant 1 is a pre-operation stage of the pre-step of the fourth step of the method described in methods 1 to 7, Having a base sequence that is complementary to a part of the 3 ′ end of a single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing the target DNA region (excluding the target DNA region); Additionally having a step of adding a single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) in a free state into the reaction system (pre-addition step), and As the main step of the fourth step of the method according to the method 1 to 7, the method further includes the following one step: (C) (i) By binding the generated single-stranded DNA (positive strand) and the single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) added in the reaction system in the above-mentioned pre-addition step, Step C1 for selecting the DNA in the single-stranded state; (Ii) using the single-stranded DNA selected in step C1 as a template, using the single
  • Modification 2 is a post-operation stage before the fourth step of the method described in methods 1 to 7, Having a base sequence that is complementary to a part of the 3 ′ end of a single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing the target DNA region (excluding the target DNA region); It additionally has a step (pre-addition step) of adding a single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) that is in a free state into the reaction system, and the unprocessed product obtained through the third step and the above-mentioned pre-addition step.
  • Step C1 By binding the generated single-stranded DNA (positive strand) and the single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) added in the reaction system in the above-mentioned pre-addition step, Step C1 for selecting the DNA in the single-stranded state; (Ii) using the single-stranded DNA selected in step C1 as a template, using the single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) as a primer, and extending the primer once to thereby form the single-stranded state A C step (this step) having a C2 step of extending and forming the DNA as a double-stranded DNA.
  • a part of the 3 ′ end of the single-stranded DNA (positive strand) including the target DNA region (the positive strand) (excluding the target The DNA sequence is not included.
  • the single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) added to the reaction system in the pre-addition step is part of the 3 ′ end of the single-stranded DNA (however, it does not include the target DNA region).
  • the single-stranded oligonucleotide is a single-stranded oligonucleotide in a free state having a complementary base sequence to the 5 ′ end and having the same base sequence as the single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide, It may be the same base sequence as the immobilized oligonucleotide, a short base sequence, or a long sequence. However, when the sequence is longer than the single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide, the extension primer is extended using the reverse primer (positive strand) as an extension primer and the single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) as a template.
  • the single-stranded oligonucleotide must be in a free state that is not available for the reaction to be performed.
  • an immobilized oligonucleotide is used as a primer on one side, and only the other primer is added to perform PCR. If other methods (for example, analytical methods that can compare the amount of each amplification product obtained by PCR) are performed for product detection, as described above, when the target region is amplified, Alternatively, PCR may be carried out by adding a pair of primers without using the immobilized oligonucleotide as one (one side) primer. After performing such PCR, the amount of amplification product obtained is determined.
  • the fourth step has a repetition step.
  • the “generated single-stranded DNA (positive strand)” in the step A1 is the first step. In both the operation of the fourth step and the repetition operation of the fourth step after the second time, this means “generated DNA in a“ free ”single-stranded state (positive strand)”.
  • the “generated single-stranded DNA (negative strand)” in the step B means “the first step of the fourth step and the second and subsequent steps of the fourth step repeated” It means the “fixed” single-stranded DNA produced (positive strand) ”.
  • the fourth step further has a C step, it means “generated (fixed) single-stranded DNA (positive strand)” in the first operation of the fourth step.
  • “generated“ fixed ”single-stranded DNA (positive strand)” and “generated“ free ”single-stranded DNA ( "Positive chain)” means both.
  • the “extension-formed double-stranded DNA” obtained in each step of the fourth step is the first fourth step.
  • the CpG in the methylation sensitive restriction enzyme recognition site is all in the methylated state. It means “extension-formed double-stranded DNA that is a pair”.
  • the fourth step further includes a C step.
  • the “generated single-stranded DNA (positive strand)” in the C1 step is In both the first step of the fourth step and the second and subsequent steps of the fourth step, this means “generated“ free ”single-stranded DNA (positive strand)”.
  • the method for measuring a methylation rate additionally having the following two steps May be: (5) After performing the first step and the second step of the method described in the methods 1 to 7 (including the modified method), the method described in the methods 1 to 7 (including the modified method) ) Without performing the third step, the fourth step described in the methods 1 to 7 (including the modified method) is carried out, so that the DNA of the target DNA region (methylated DNA and methyl A fifth step of amplifying the total amount of DNA not detected) to a detectable amount and quantifying the amount of amplified DNA; and (6) It is obtained by comparing the amount of DNA quantified by the fourth step of the method described in the above methods 1 to 7 (including the modified method) with the amount of DNA quantified by the fifth step.
  • the measurement of the amount of methylated DNA in the target DNA region and the measurement of the methylation ratio are performed using the base sequence of the present DNA as the target DNA region.
  • Restriction enzymes, primers or probes that can be used in various methods for performing are useful as reagents for detection kits.
  • the present invention also provides a detection kit containing these restriction enzymes, primers or probes as reagents, and a detection chip in which these primers or probes are immobilized on a carrier.
  • the scope of the right of the method for measuring the methylation ratio includes use in the form of a detection kit or a detection chip using the substantial principle of the method.
  • Examples of other embodiments when “measuring methylation frequency or index value correlated therewith” in the evaluation method of the present invention include, for example, methods 8 to 15 shown below.
  • Method 8 includes the following steps: The first step, the second step, and Third process (first pre-process, second pre-process ((i) second (A) pre-process, (ii) second (B) pre-process), third pre-process, main process ((i) first A Step ((i1) Step A1, (i2) Step A2), (ii) Step B), Repeat Step ((i) Amplification Step, (ii) Quantification Step)).
  • method 8 is a method for measuring the content of methylated DNA in a target DNA region of genomic DNA contained in a biological specimen, (1) From a DNA sample derived from genomic DNA contained in a biological specimen, a single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing the target DNA region and the complementary DNA region of the single-stranded DNA A single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide having a base sequence that is a sexual base, to select the single-stranded DNA, and the selected single-stranded DNA and the single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide A first step of binding and forming a double-stranded DNA formed by binding; (2) After the double-stranded DNA formed in the first step is digested with at least one methylation sensitive restriction enzyme, the resulting free digest (in the recognition site of the methylation sensitive restriction enzyme) A second step of removing at least one double-stranded DNA comprising a CpG pair in an ammethyl state; and (3) As a pre-process
  • a step (third pre-step) for once separating the DNA (positive strand) and the DNA (negative strand) in a single-stranded state and as this step (A) The DNA in the single-stranded state is selected by binding the generated single-stranded DNA (positive strand) to the single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide (negative strand).
  • the DNA in the single-stranded state selected in Step A1 and Step A1 is used as a template, the single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide is used as a primer, and the primer is extended once, whereby the single strand A step A (this step) having a step A2 of extending the DNA in a strand state as a double-stranded DNA; (B) using the generated single-stranded DNA (negative strand) as a template, a partial base sequence (negative strand) of the base sequence of the single-stranded DNA (negative strand), and , A partial base sequence (negative strand) located further to the 3 ′ end side than the 3 ′ end of the base sequence (negative strand) that is complementary to the base sequence (positive strand) of the target DNA region, An extension primer (reverse primer) that has a complementary base sequence (positive strand) and cannot be used for an extension reaction using the above-mentioned single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide as
  • a step B (this step), in which the DNA in the single-stranded state is converted into a double-stranded DNA that has been formed by extending the primer once, and each step of the third step is further performed.
  • the stretch formed in each of the above steps The double-stranded DNA is once separated into a single-stranded state and then repeated to amplify the methylated DNA in the target DNA region to a detectable amount, and the amount of amplified DNA
  • Method 9 includes the following steps: The first step, the second step, and Third process (first pre-process, second pre-process ((i) second (A) pre-process, (ii) second (B) pre-process), third pre-process, main process ((i) first A Step ((i1) Step A1, (i2) Step A2), (ii) Step B), Repeat Step ((i) Amplification Step, (ii) Quantification Step)).
  • a single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing the target DNA region and a base sequence that is complementary to the target DNA region of the single-stranded DNA
  • the method according to the method 8 wherein the binding is performed in a reaction system containing a divalent cation when the single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide having a divalent cation is bound.
  • Method 10 includes the following steps: The first step, the second step, and Third process (first pre-process, second pre-process ((i) second (A) pre-process, (ii) second (B) pre-process)), third pre-process, main process ((i) first Step A ((i1) Step A1, Step (i2) Step A2), (ii) Step B), Repeat Step ((i) Amplification Step, (ii) Quantification Step)).
  • Method 10 is the method described in Method 9, wherein the divalent cation is a magnesium ion.
  • Method 11 includes the following steps: The first step, the second step, and Third step (first pre-step (including pre-addition step), second pre-step ((i) second (A) pre-step, (ii) second (B) pre-step), third pre-step, book Step ((i) Step A ((i1) Step A1, Step (i2) Step A2), (ii) Step B, (iii) Step C ((iii1) Step C1, Step (iii) Step C2 Step)), repetition step ((i) amplification step, (ii) quantification step)).
  • the method 11 is a pre-operation stage of the first pre-process of the third process described in any of the methods 8 to 10,
  • a single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) having a base sequence complementary to a part of the 3 ′ end of the single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing the target DNA region and in a free state Is additionally added to the reaction system (pre-addition step), and
  • the method further includes the following one step: (C) (i) By binding the generated single-stranded DNA (positive strand) and the single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) added in the reaction system in the above-mentioned pre-addition step, Step C1 for selecting the DNA in the single-stranded state, (Ii) Using the single-stranded DNA selected in step C1 as a template, the single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand)
  • Method 12 includes the following steps: The first step, the second step, and Third process (first pre-process (including pre-addition process and additional re-pre-process), second pre-process ((i) second (A) pre-process, (ii) second (B) pre-process), first Three previous processes, this process ((i) A process ((i1) A1 process, (i2) A2 process), (ii) B process, (iii) C process ((iii1) C1 process, (Iii2) Step C2)), repeat step ((i) amplification step, (ii) quantitative step)).
  • first pre-process including pre-addition process and additional re-pre-process
  • second pre-process ((i) second (A) pre-process, (ii) second (B) pre-process)
  • first Three previous processes this process ((i) A process ((i1) A1 process, (i2) A2 process), (ii) B process, (iii) C process ((iii1) C1 process, (I
  • the method 12 is a post-operation stage of the first pre-process of the third process described in any of the methods 8 to 10,
  • a single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) having a base sequence complementary to a part of the 3 ′ end of the single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing the target DNA region and in a free state A double-stranded DNA that is an undigested product obtained through the second step and the above-described pre-addition step (the methylation described above).
  • the method further includes the following one step: (C) (i) By binding the generated single-stranded DNA (positive strand) and the single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) added in the reaction system in the above-mentioned pre-addition step, Step C1 for selecting the DNA in the single-stranded state, (Ii) Using the single-stranded DNA selected in step C1 as a template, the single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) as a primer, and extending the primer once, thereby A second step C2 in which a DNA in a strand state is formed into an extended double-stranded DNA; C process (this process) which has.
  • Method 13 includes the following steps: The first step, the second step, and Third step (first pre-step (including pre-addition step), second pre-step ((i) second (A) pre-step, (ii) second (B) pre-step), third pre-step, book Step ((i) Step A ((i1) Step A1, Step (i2) Step A2), (ii) Step B, (iii) Step C ((iii1) Step C1, Step (iii) Step C2 Step)), repetition step ((i) amplification step, (ii) quantification step)).
  • the method 13 is a pre-operation stage of the third pre-process of the third process described in any of the methods 8 to 10,
  • a single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) having a base sequence complementary to a part of the 3 ′ end of the single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing the target DNA region and in a free state Is additionally added to the reaction system (pre-addition step), and
  • the method further includes the following one step: (C) (i) By binding the generated single-stranded DNA (positive strand) and the single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) added in the reaction system in the above-mentioned pre-addition step, Step C1 for selecting the DNA in the single-stranded state, (Ii) Using the single-stranded DNA selected in step C1 as a template, the single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand)
  • Method 14 includes the following steps: The first step, the second step, and Third process (first pre-process (including pre-addition process and additional re-pre-process), second pre-process ((i) second (A) pre-process, (ii) second (B) pre-process), first Three previous processes, this process ((i) A process ((i1) A1 process, (i2) A2 process), (ii) B process, (iii) C process ((iii1) C1 process, (Iii2) Step C2)), repeat step ((i) amplification step, (ii) quantitative step)).
  • first pre-process including pre-addition process and additional re-pre-process
  • second pre-process ((i) second (A) pre-process, (ii) second (B) pre-process)
  • first Three previous processes this process ((i) A process ((i1) A1 process, (i2) A2 process), (ii) B process, (iii) C process ((iii1) C1 process, (I
  • the method 14 is a post-operation stage of the third pre-process of the third process described in any of the methods 8 to 10,
  • a single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) having a base sequence complementary to a part of the 3 ′ end of the single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing the target DNA region and in a free state A double-stranded DNA that is an undigested product obtained through the second step and the above-described pre-addition step (the methylation described above).
  • the method further includes the following one step: (C) (i) By binding the generated single-stranded DNA (positive strand) and the single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) added in the reaction system in the above-mentioned pre-addition step, Step C1 for selecting the DNA in the single-stranded state, (Ii) Using the single-stranded DNA selected in step C1 as a template, the single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) as a primer, and extending the primer once, thereby A second step C2 in which a DNA in a strand state is formed into an extended double-stranded DNA; C process (this process) which has.
  • Method 15 includes the following steps: First step, Third process (first pre-process, second pre-process ((i) second (A) pre-process, (ii) second (B) pre-process), third pre-process, main process ((i) first A Step ((i1) Step A1, (i2) Step A2), (ii) Step B), The fourth step ((i) amplification step, (ii) quantification step) and 5th process.
  • the method 15 is a method for measuring a methylation ratio, which further includes the following two steps as the steps of the method described in any of the methods 8 to 14: (4) After performing the first step of the method described in any of the methods 8 to 14, the method 8 without performing the second step of the method described in any of the methods 8 to 14
  • the DNA of the target DNA region becomes a detectable amount
  • a fourth step of amplifying and quantifying the amount of amplified DNA becomes a detectable amount
  • (5) Based on the difference obtained by comparing the amount of DNA quantified by the third step according to any one of the methods 8 to 14 and the amount of DNA quantified by the fourth step, And a fifth step of calculating the ratio of methylated DNA in the DNA region.
  • the method for measuring an index value correlated with the methylation frequency of the present DNA contained in a mammal-derived specimen, for example, transcription of a gene present downstream of the present DNA
  • the method include measuring the amount of mRNA that is a product and the amount of mRNA that is a transcription product of a gene whose expression level decreases due to methylation of the present DNA.
  • real-time PCR method Northern blot method [Molecular Cloning, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (1989)]
  • in situ RT-PCR method Nucleic Acids Res.
  • samples containing mRNA, which is a transcription product of a gene present downstream of the DNA contained in a mammal-derived specimen, or mRNA, which is a transcription product of a gene whose expression level decreases due to methylation of the DNA should be Similarly, it is prepared by extraction, purification, etc. from the sample. When Northern blotting is used to measure the amount of mRNA contained in the prepared sample, the expression level of the detection probe decreases due to the gene existing downstream of the DNA or the methylation of the DNA.
  • Genes or a part of them (a restriction enzyme digest of a gene present downstream of this DNA, an oligonucleotide of about 100 bases to about 1000 bases chemically synthesized according to the base sequence of the gene present downstream of this DNA, etc.)
  • a restriction enzyme digest of a gene present downstream of this DNA an oligonucleotide of about 100 bases to about 1000 bases chemically synthesized according to the base sequence of the gene present downstream of this DNA, etc.
  • the expression level of the primer used is the gene present downstream of the DNA or the methylation of the DNA. Any gene can be used as long as it can specifically amplify only the gene to be reduced, and the region to be amplified and the base length are not particularly limited.
  • the first step of the evaluation method of the present invention as another method of measuring an index value correlated with the methylation frequency of the present DNA contained in a mammal-derived specimen, for example, a gene present downstream of the present DNA or the method of measuring the quantity of the protein which is the translation product of the gene whose expression level reduces by methylation of this DNA can also be mention
  • ELISA method indirect competitive inhibition method
  • a specific antibody against a protein can be produced according to a conventional immunological method using the protein as an immunizing antigen.
  • an index value correlated with the methylation frequency of the target DNA contained in the mammal-derived specimen is measured.
  • An index value (control) having a correlation is compared, and the degree of canceration of the specimen is determined based on a difference obtained by the comparison.
  • the primer, probe or specific antibody that can be used in various methods for measuring the target DNA methylation frequency or an index value correlated therewith is used for cancer cells such as colon cancer cells. It is useful as a reagent for detection kits.
  • the present invention relates to a kit for detecting cancer cells such as colorectal cancer cells containing these primers, probes or specific antibodies as reagents, and a colon where these primers, probes or specific antibodies are immobilized on a carrier.
  • a chip for detecting cancer cells such as cancer cells is also provided, and the scope of rights of the evaluation method of the present invention is such as the detection kit and the detection chip as described above using the substantial principle of the method. Including use in various forms.
  • Example 1 Measurement of methylation rate of cytosine
  • Human tissue-derived genomic DNA shown in the table below was obtained from Biochain, and MassARRAY analysis was performed using the MassARRAY system.
  • amplicon 1-19 which is an oligonucleotide consisting of the base sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 19, is prepared according to the method according to the outline of EpiTYPER for quantitative DNA methylation analysis shown in the SEQUENOM application note. The methylation rate of cytosine contained was measured. Amplicon 1-19 is shown below.
  • the 19 primer sets designed to amplify DNA obtained by Bisulfite treatment of the base sequence represented by the above 19 amplicons are shown below.
  • the primer sets for amplicon 1 are primer F1 and primer R1.
  • Primer sets for amplicon 2 are primer F2 and primer R2.
  • the primer sets for amplicon 3 are primer F3 and primer R3.
  • Primer sets for amplicon 4 are primer F4 and primer R4.
  • Primer sets for amplicon 5 are primer F5 and primer R5.
  • Primer sets for amplicon 6 are primer F6 and primer R6.
  • Primer sets for amplicon 7 are primer F7 and primer R7.
  • Primer sets for amplicon 8 are primer F8 and primer R8.
  • Primer sets for amplicon 9 are primer F9 and primer R9.
  • Primer sets for amplicon 10 are primer F10 and primer R10.
  • Primer sets for amplicon 11 are primer F11 and primer R11.
  • Primer sets for amplicon 12 are primer F12 and primer R12.
  • Primer sets for amplicon 13 are primer F13 and primer R13.
  • Primer sets for amplicon 14 are primer F14 and primer R14.
  • Primer sets for amplicon 15 are primer F15 and primer R15.
  • Primer sets for amplicon 16 are primer F16 and primer R16.
  • Primer sets for amplicon 17 are primer F17 and primer R17.
  • Primer sets for amplicon 18 are primer F18 and primer R18.
  • Primer sets for amplicon 19 are primer F19 and primer R19.
  • Primer design The following primer system is designed for methylation analysis. To obtain a product suitable for in vitro transcription, a reverse primer with a T7 promoter added is used. Insert an 8 bp insert to prevent cycling failure. In order to balance PCR, a forward primer with a 10-mer tag is used.
  • Bisulfite processing For the Bisulfite conversion treatment of the sample genomic DNA, EZ-96 DNA Methylation Kit or EZ DNA Methylation Kit of Zymo Research is used. After the initial incubation of this protocol, the cycle reaction is performed as follows. 45 cycles of 95 ° C. for 30 minutes and then 50 ° C.
  • Step 1 Amplify 1 ⁇ L of DNA in a total volume of 5 ⁇ L using amplification 385-microtiter format (final concentration of 2 ng / ⁇ L per reaction) In order to achieve this, use 1.00 ⁇ L or more of DNA of 10 ng / ⁇ L or more.
  • Each reaction solution is divided into two types of cleavage reactions (T cleavage reaction and C cleavage reaction). Seal the plate and perform the cycle reaction as follows. After incubating at 94 ° C. for 15 minutes, 45 cycles of incubating at 94 ° C. for 20 seconds, 56 ° C. for 30 seconds, and then at 72 ° C. for 1 minute are performed for 45 cycles, and then at 72 ° C. for 3 minutes.
  • Step 2 Dephosphorylation Add 2 ⁇ L of shrimp-derived alkaline phosphatase (SAP) enzyme to 5 ⁇ L of each PCR reaction solution to dephosphorylate dNTPs that have not been incorporated into PCR. The plate is incubated for 20 minutes at 37 ° C and then for 5 minutes at 85 ° C.
  • Step 3 In vitro transcription and RNase cleavage Prepare a transcription / RNase A cocktail for each cleavage reaction (T and C). The standard setup prepares one transcription / RNase A cocktail per plate. Add 5 ⁇ L of transcription / RNase A cocktail and 2 ⁇ L of PCR / SAP sample to a new microtiter plate that has not been cycled.
  • SAP shrimp-derived alkaline phosphatase
  • Step 4 Sample conditioning Add 20 ⁇ L of ddH20 to each sample in the 384-well plate. Add 6 mg of Clean Resin to each well using a resin plate. Stir for 10 minutes and spin down at 3,200 xg for 5 minutes.
  • Step 5 Transfer of sample Disperse 10-15 nL of EpiTYPE reaction product into 384-well SpectroCHIP.
  • Step 6 Sample analysis MassARRAY system is used to obtain spectra of two types of cleavage reactions.
  • Step 7 Analyze the analysis software result with EpiTYPER software.
  • FIGS. 1 and C02 human mammary gland healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04):
  • FIG. 1 shows the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios shown by base numbers 109, 163, 176, 218, 226, 228, 247, 257, 286 and 391 in the base sequence shown by SEQ ID NO: 1;
  • FIG. 2 shows the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratio represented by base numbers 55, 60, 383 and 391 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2;
  • FIG. 1 shows the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios shown by base numbers 109, 163, 176, 218, 226, 228, 247, 257, 286 and 391 in the base sequence shown by SEQ ID NO: 1
  • FIG. 2 shows the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratio represented by base numbers 55, 60, 383 and 391 in the base sequence represented by SEQ
  • FIG. 3 shows the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios represented by base numbers 113, 119, 133 and 138 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3;
  • the measurement result of the cytosine methylation ratio shown by base numbers 27, 43, 97, 102, 118, 131, 138, 152, 157, 213, 216, 220, 229 and 234 in the base sequence shown by SEQ ID NO: 6 Shown in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 5 shows the measurement results of the methylation ratio of cytosine represented by base numbers 106, 116, 118, 140, 174 and 237 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7;
  • FIG. 6 shows the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios shown by base numbers 54, 169, 172, 240, 295 and 420 in the base sequence shown by SEQ ID NO: 8;
  • FIG. 7 shows the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios shown by base numbers 233, 326, 378, 383, 408, 429 and 453 in the base sequence shown by SEQ ID NO: 9;
  • FIG. 9 shows the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios shown by base numbers 233, 326, 378, 383, 408, 429 and 453 in the base sequence shown by SEQ ID NO: 9;
  • base numbers 37, 52, 64, 80, 102, 104, 117, 164, 170, 173, 198, 201, 216, 274, 277, 296, 307, 314, 327, 379 , 401, 403 and 411 show the measurement results of the methylation rate of cytosine shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 10 shows the measurement results of the methylation rate of cytosine; Cytosine represented by base numbers 37, 44, 72, 136, 172, 174, 181, 193, 207, 227, 241, 253, 261, 285, 305, 338, 359 and 384 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13.
  • FIG. 11 shows the measurement results of the methylation ratio of FIG.
  • FIG. 12 shows the measurement results of the methylation ratio of cytosine represented by base numbers 27, 32, 109, 112, 116 and 257 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 14;
  • FIG. 13 shows the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios shown by base numbers 148 and 243 in the base sequence shown by SEQ ID NO: 16;
  • the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios shown by H.254, 277, 305 and 333 are shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 16 shows the results of measurement of the methylation ratio of cytosine represented by base numbers 109, 163, 176, 218, 226, 228, 247, 257, 286 and 391 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1;
  • FIG. 17 shows the measurement results of the methylation ratio of cytosine represented by base numbers 113, 119, 133 and 138 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3;
  • FIG. 18 shows the measurement results of the methylation ratio of cytosine represented by base numbers 69, 113 and 265 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4;
  • FIG. 20 shows the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios shown by base numbers 54, 169, 172, 240, 295 and 420 in the base sequence shown by SEQ ID NO: 8;
  • base numbers 37, 52, 64, 80, 102, 104, 117, 164, 170, 173, 198, 201, 216, 274, 277, 296, 307, 314, 327, 379 , 401, 403 and 411 show the measurement results of the methylation rate of cytosine shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 28 shows the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios shown by base numbers 109, 163, 176, 218, 226, 228, 247, 257, 286 and 391 in the base sequence shown by SEQ ID NO: 1;
  • FIG. 29 shows the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratio represented by base numbers 113, 119, 133 and 138 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3;
  • FIG. 29 shows the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratio represented by base numbers 113, 119, 133 and 138 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3;
  • FIG. 30 shows the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratio represented by base numbers 184, 212, 263 and 324 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5;
  • FIG. 32 shows the measurement results of the methylation ratio of cytosine represented by base numbers 106, 116, 118, 140, 174 and 237 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7;
  • FIG. 33 shows the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios shown by base numbers 233, 326, 378, 383, 408, 429 and 453 in the base sequence shown by SEQ ID NO: 9;
  • FIG. 34 shows the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios shown by base numbers 69, 72, 78, 129, 159, 161, 232, 235, 264, 297 and 335 in the base sequence shown by SEQ ID NO: 10;
  • base numbers 37, 52, 64, 80, 102, 104, 117, 164, 170, 173, 198, 201, 216, 274, 277, 296, 307, 314, 327, 379 , 401, 403 and 411 show the measurement results of the methylation rate of cytosine shown in FIG.
  • the methylation rate of human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA is higher than the methylation rate of human breast gland healthy tissue genomic DNA. It was shown that the methylation rate of human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA is higher than the methylation rate of human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA. From the above, (1) by measuring the methylation rate of human colon tissue genomic DNA, whether or not colon cancer cells are present, (2) by measuring the methylation rate of human mammary tissue genomic DNA, It was confirmed that the presence or absence of lung cancer cells can be evaluated by measuring the presence or absence of breast cancer cells or (3) the methylation ratio of human lung tissue genomic DNA.
  • the content of methylated DNA in a target DNA region possessed by genomic DNA contained in a biological specimen is measured, and whether colon cancer cells are present or whether breast cancer cells are present.
  • by using the nucleotide sequences of SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 19 described in the present invention it is possible to easily detect cancer, detection of cancer at an extremely early stage, and recurrence of cancer.
  • the method and kit of the present invention are useful in combination with other inspection methods such as endoscopy, and can obtain more precise inspection results.
  • Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 20 Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 21
  • Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 22 Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 23
  • Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 24 Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 25
  • Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 26 Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 27
  • Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 28 Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 29
  • Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 30 Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 31
  • Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 32 Oligonucleotide primer

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Abstract

The present invention is a method for evaluating the degree of cancerization of a sample originating from a mammal, the method comprising: (1) a first step for measuring the methylation frequency, or an indication correlating thereto, of at least one DNA having a base sequence selected from base sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs 1-19, included in a sample originating from a mammal; and (2) a second step for determining the degree of cancerization of the sample on the basis of the difference obtained by comparing the measured methylation frequency, or the indication correlating thereto, and a control value.

Description

癌化度評価方法Canceration degree evaluation method

 本発明は、哺乳動物由来の検体の癌化度を評価する方法等に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for evaluating the degree of canceration of a mammal-derived specimen.

 癌が遺伝子異常を原因とする疾病であること等が次第に明らかになりつつあるが、癌患者の死亡率は未だ高く、現在利用可能な診断方法や治療方法等の評価が必ずしも十分に満足できるものではないことを示している。その1つの原因として癌組織の種類に基づく多様性、マーカーとなる遺伝子等の低い正確性や低い検出感度等が考えられる。
 そこで、癌を早期に発見するための診断方法や治療方法等の評価に適する、遺伝子異常の検出に基づいた哺乳動物由来の検体の癌化度評価方法の開発が切望されている。
Although it is becoming increasingly clear that cancer is a disease caused by genetic abnormalities, the mortality rate of cancer patients is still high, and the evaluation of currently available diagnostic methods and treatment methods etc. is not always satisfactory It shows that it is not. One of the causes may be diversity based on the type of cancer tissue, low accuracy of a gene serving as a marker, low detection sensitivity, and the like.
Therefore, development of a method for evaluating the degree of canceration of a mammal-derived specimen based on detection of a genetic abnormality, which is suitable for evaluation of diagnostic methods and treatment methods for early detection of cancer, is eagerly desired.

 本発明は、癌組織検体あるいは、がん患者由来の血液、血清、血漿、体液、体分泌物、糞尿等の生体試料に存在するDNAにおいて、配列番号1から19のいずれかで示されるDNA領域に含まれるCpG配列のシトシン塩基が、不死化正常細胞株もしくは正常組織検体あるいは、健常者由来の血液、血清、血漿、体液、体分泌物、糞尿等の生体試料に存在するDNAと比較して、有意に高い頻度でメチル化されている、との知見に基づく。
 即ち、本発明は、
1. 哺乳動物由来の検体の癌化度を評価する方法であって、
(1)哺乳動物由来の検体に含まれる下記の塩基配列から選ばれる塩基配列を有する1以上のDNAのメチル化頻度又はそれに相関関係がある指標値を測定する第一工程、及び
(2)測定された前記メチル化頻度又はそれに相関関係がある指標値と、対照とを比較することにより得られる差異に基づき前記検体の癌化度を判定する第二工程
を有する評価方法(以下、本発明評価方法と記すこともある。):
(a)配列番号1で示された塩基配列又は配列番号1で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(b)配列番号1と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号1と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(c)配列番号2で示された塩基配列又は配列番号2で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(d)配列番号2と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号2と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(e)配列番号3で示された塩基配列又は配列番号3で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(f)配列番号3と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号3と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(g)配列番号4で示された塩基配列又は配列番号4で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(h)配列番号4と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号4と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(i)配列番号5で示された塩基配列又は配列番号5で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(j)配列番号5と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号5と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(k)配列番号6で示された塩基配列又は配列番号6で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(l)配列番号6と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号6と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(m)配列番号7で示された塩基配列又は配列番号7で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(n)配列番号7と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号7と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(o)配列番号8で示された塩基配列又は配列番号8で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(p)配列番号8と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号8と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(q)配列番号9で示された塩基配列又は配列番号9で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(r)配列番号9と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号9と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(s)配列番号10で示された塩基配列又は配列番号10で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(t)配列番号10と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号10と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(u)配列番号11で示された塩基配列又は配列番号11で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(v)配列番号11と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号11と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(w)配列番号12で示された塩基配列又は配列番号12で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(x)配列番号12と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号12と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(y)配列番号13で示された塩基配列又は配列番号13で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(z)配列番号13と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号13と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(aa)配列番号14で示された塩基配列又は配列番号14で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ab)配列番号14と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号14と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ac)配列番号15で示された塩基配列又は配列番号15で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ad)配列番号15と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号15と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ae)配列番号16で示された塩基配列又は配列番号16で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(af)配列番号16と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号16と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ag)配列番号17で示された塩基配列又は配列番号17で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ah)配列番号17と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号17と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ai)配列番号18で示された塩基配列又は配列番号18で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(aj)配列番号18と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号18と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ak)配列番号19で示された塩基配列又は配列番号19で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、及び
(al)配列番号19と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号19と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列;
2. 哺乳動物由来の検体が細胞である前記1記載の評価方法;
3. 哺乳動物由来の検体が組織である前記1記載の評価方法;
4. 哺乳動物由来の検体が生体試料である前記1記載の評価方法;
5. 哺乳動物由来の検体の癌化度を評価する方法であって、
(1)哺乳動物由来の検体に含まれる下記の塩基配列から選ばれる塩基配列を有する1以上のDNAのメチル化頻度を測定する第一工程、及び
(2)測定された前記メチル化頻度と、対照とを比較することにより得られる差異に基づき前記検体の癌化度を判定する第二工程
を有する評価方法:
(a)配列番号1で示された塩基配列又は配列番号1で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(b)配列番号1と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号1と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(c)配列番号2で示された塩基配列又は配列番号2で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(d)配列番号2と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号2と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(e)配列番号3で示された塩基配列又は配列番号3で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(f)配列番号3と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号3と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(g)配列番号4で示された塩基配列又は配列番号4で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(h)配列番号4と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号4と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(i)配列番号5で示された塩基配列又は配列番号5で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(j)配列番号5と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号5と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(k)配列番号6で示された塩基配列又は配列番号6で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(l)配列番号6と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号6と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(m)配列番号7で示された塩基配列又は配列番号7で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(n)配列番号7と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号7と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(o)配列番号8で示された塩基配列又は配列番号8で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(p)配列番号8と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号8と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(q)配列番号9で示された塩基配列又は配列番号9で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(r)配列番号9と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号9と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(s)配列番号10で示された塩基配列又は配列番号10で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(t)配列番号10と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号10と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(u)配列番号11で示された塩基配列又は配列番号11で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(v)配列番号11と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号11と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(w)配列番号12で示された塩基配列又は配列番号12で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(x)配列番号12と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号12と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(y)配列番号13で示された塩基配列又は配列番号13で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(z)配列番号13と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号13と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(aa)配列番号14で示された塩基配列又は配列番号14で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ab)配列番号14と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号14と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ac)配列番号15で示された塩基配列又は配列番号15で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ad)配列番号15と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号15と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ae)配列番号16で示された塩基配列又は配列番号16で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(af)配列番号16と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号16と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ag)配列番号17で示された塩基配列又は配列番号17で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ah)配列番号17と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号17と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ai)配列番号18で示された塩基配列又は配列番号18で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(aj)配列番号18と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号18と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ak)配列番号19で示された塩基配列又は配列番号19で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、及び
(al)配列番号19と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号19と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列;
6. 哺乳動物由来の検体が細胞であって、且つ、当該検体の癌化度が哺乳動物由来の細胞の悪性度である前記1又は5記載の評価方法;
7. 哺乳動物由来の検体が組織であって、且つ、当該検体の癌化度が哺乳動物由来の組織における癌細胞の存在量である前記1又は5記載の評価方法;
8. 哺乳動物由来の検体が哺乳動物から採取した生体試料であって、且つ、当該検体の癌化度が当該生体試料を採取した当該哺乳動物のいずれかの体組織における癌細胞の存在量である前記1又は5記載の評価方法;
9. 組織が大腸組織である前記7に記載の評価方法;
10. 組織が肺組織である前記7に記載の評価方法;
11. 組織が乳腺組織である前記7に記載の評価方法;
12. 生体試料が血液、血清、血漿、体液、体分泌物、糞尿、のいずれかである前記8記載の評価方法;
13. 前記DNAのメチル化頻度が、前記DNAの塩基配列内に存在する一つ以上の5’−CG−3’で示される塩基配列中のシトシンのメチル化頻度である前記1~12のいずれか記載の評価方法;
14. 哺乳動物由来の検体の癌化度を評価する方法であって、
(1)哺乳動物由来の検体に含まれる下記の塩基配列から選ばれる塩基配列を有する1以上のDNAのメチル化頻度に相関関係がある指標値を測定する第一工程、及び
(2)測定された前記メチル化頻度又はそれに相関関係がある指標値と、対照とを比較することにより得られる差異に基づき前記検体の癌化度を判定する第二工程
を有することを特徴と評価方法:
(a)配列番号1で示された塩基配列又は配列番号1で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(b)配列番号1と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号1と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(c)配列番号2で示された塩基配列又は配列番号2で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(d)配列番号2と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号2と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(e)配列番号3で示された塩基配列又は配列番号3で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(f)配列番号3と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号3と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(g)配列番号4で示された塩基配列又は配列番号4で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(h)配列番号4と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号4と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(i)配列番号5で示された塩基配列又は配列番号5で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(j)配列番号5と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号5と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(k)配列番号6で示された塩基配列又は配列番号6で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(l)配列番号6と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号6と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(m)配列番号7で示された塩基配列又は配列番号7で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(n)配列番号7と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号7と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(o)配列番号8で示された塩基配列又は配列番号8で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(p)配列番号8と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号8と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(q)配列番号9で示された塩基配列又は配列番号9で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(r)配列番号9と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号9と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(s)配列番号10で示された塩基配列又は配列番号10で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(t)配列番号10と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号10と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(u)配列番号11で示された塩基配列又は配列番号11で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(v)配列番号11と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号11と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(w)配列番号12で示された塩基配列又は配列番号12で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(x)配列番号12と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号12と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(y)配列番号13で示された塩基配列又は配列番号13で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(z)配列番号13と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号13と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(aa)配列番号14で示された塩基配列又は配列番号14で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ab)配列番号14と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号14と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ac)配列番号15で示された塩基配列又は配列番号15で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ad)配列番号15と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号15と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ae)配列番号16で示された塩基配列又は配列番号16で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(af)配列番号16と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号16と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ag)配列番号17で示された塩基配列又は配列番号17で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ah)配列番号17と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号17と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ai)配列番号18で示された塩基配列又は配列番号18で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(aj)配列番号18と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号18と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ak)配列番号19で示された塩基配列又は配列番号19で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、及び
(al)配列番号19と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号19と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列;
15. 相関関係がある指標値が、当該塩基配列から選ばれる少なくとも1つのDNAの下流に存在する遺伝子のいずれかの発現産物の量である前記14記載の評価方法;
16. 遺伝子の発現産物の量が、遺伝子の転写産物の量である前記15記載の評価方法;及び
17. 癌マーカーとしての、下記の塩基配列から選ばれる塩基配列有するメチル化DNAの使用:
(a)配列番号1で示された塩基配列又は配列番号1で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(b)配列番号1と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号1と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(c)配列番号2で示された塩基配列又は配列番号2で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(d)配列番号2と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号2と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(e)配列番号3で示された塩基配列又は配列番号3で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(f)配列番号3と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号3と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(g)配列番号4で示された塩基配列又は配列番号4で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(h)配列番号4と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号4と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(i)配列番号5で示された塩基配列又は配列番号5で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(j)配列番号5と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号5と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(k)配列番号6で示された塩基配列又は配列番号6で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(l)配列番号6と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号6と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(m)配列番号7で示された塩基配列又は配列番号7で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(n)配列番号7と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号7と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(o)配列番号8で示された塩基配列又は配列番号8で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(p)配列番号8と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号8と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(q)配列番号9で示された塩基配列又は配列番号9で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(r)配列番号9と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号9と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(s)配列番号10で示された塩基配列又は配列番号10で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(t)配列番号10と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号10と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(u)配列番号11で示された塩基配列又は配列番号11で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(v)配列番号11と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号11と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(w)配列番号12で示された塩基配列又は配列番号12で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(x)配列番号12と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号12と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(y)配列番号13で示された塩基配列又は配列番号13で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(z)配列番号13と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号13と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(aa)配列番号14で示された塩基配列又は配列番号14で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ab)配列番号14と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号14と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ac)配列番号15で示された塩基配列又は配列番号15で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ad)配列番号15と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号15と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ae)配列番号16で示された塩基配列又は配列番号16で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(af)配列番号16と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号16と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ag)配列番号17で示された塩基配列又は配列番号17で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ah)配列番号17と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号17と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ai)配列番号18で示された塩基配列又は配列番号18で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(aj)配列番号18と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号18と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ak)配列番号19で示された塩基配列又は配列番号19で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、及び
(al)配列番号19と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号19と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列;
等を提供する。
 本発明により、哺乳動物由来の検体の癌化度を評価する方法等が提供可能となる。
The present invention relates to a DNA region represented by any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 19 in a DNA present in a cancer tissue specimen or a biological sample such as blood, serum, plasma, body fluid, body secretion, feces and urine derived from a cancer patient. In comparison with DNA present in biological samples such as immortalized normal cell lines or normal tissue samples, or blood, serum, plasma, body fluids, body secretions, manure, etc. Based on the knowledge that it is methylated at a significantly high frequency.
That is, the present invention
1. A method for evaluating the degree of canceration of a mammal-derived specimen,
(1) a first step of measuring a methylation frequency of one or more DNAs having a base sequence selected from the following base sequences contained in a mammal-derived specimen or an index value correlated therewith, and (2) measurement Evaluation method comprising a second step of determining the degree of canceration of the specimen based on a difference obtained by comparing the control value with a methylation frequency or an index value correlated therewith (hereinafter, evaluation of the present invention) (It may be described as a method.):
(A) a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1,
(B) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 1 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 1,
(C) a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2,
(D) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 2 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 2,
(E) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3,
(F) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 3 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 3,
(G) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4,
(H) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 4 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 4,
(I) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5,
(J) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 5 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 5,
(K) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6,
(L) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 6 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 6,
(M) a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7,
(N) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 7 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 7,
(O) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8,
(P) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 8 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 8,
(Q) the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9,
(R) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 9 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 9,
(S) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10,
(T) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 10 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 10,
(U) the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11 or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11,
(V) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 11 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 11,
(W) a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12,
(X) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 12 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 12,
(Y) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13,
(Z) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 13 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 13,
(Aa) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 14 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 14,
(Ab) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 14 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 14;
(Ac) the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 15 or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 15,
(Ad) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 15 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 15;
(Ae) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 16 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 16,
(Af) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 16 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 16;
(Ag) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 17 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 17,
(Ah) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 17 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 17,
(Ai) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 18 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 18,
(Aj) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 18 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 18,
(Ak) the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19 or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19, and (al) the nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 19 or SEQ ID NO: A base sequence complementary to 19 and a base sequence having 80% or more homology;
2. 2. The evaluation method according to 1 above, wherein the mammal-derived specimen is a cell;
3. 2. The evaluation method according to 1 above, wherein the mammal-derived specimen is a tissue;
4). The evaluation method according to 1 above, wherein the mammal-derived specimen is a biological sample;
5. A method for evaluating the degree of canceration of a mammal-derived specimen,
(1) a first step of measuring the methylation frequency of one or more DNAs having a base sequence selected from the following base sequences contained in a mammal-derived specimen; and (2) the measured methylation frequency; An evaluation method comprising a second step of determining the degree of canceration of the specimen based on a difference obtained by comparing with a control:
(A) a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1,
(B) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 1 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 1,
(C) a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2,
(D) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 2 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 2,
(E) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3,
(F) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 3 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 3,
(G) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4,
(H) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 4 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 4,
(I) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5,
(J) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 5 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 5,
(K) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6,
(L) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 6 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 6,
(M) a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7,
(N) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 7 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 7,
(O) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8,
(P) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 8 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 8,
(Q) the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9,
(R) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 9 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 9,
(S) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10,
(T) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 10 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 10,
(U) the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11 or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11,
(V) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 11 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 11,
(W) a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12,
(X) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 12 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 12,
(Y) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13,
(Z) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 13 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 13,
(Aa) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 14 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 14,
(Ab) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 14 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 14;
(Ac) the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 15 or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 15,
(Ad) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 15 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 15;
(Ae) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 16 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 16,
(Af) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 16 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 16;
(Ag) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 17 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 17,
(Ah) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 17 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 17,
(Ai) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 18 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 18,
(Aj) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 18 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 18,
(Ak) the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19 or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19, and (al) the nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 19 or SEQ ID NO: A base sequence complementary to 19 and a base sequence having 80% or more homology;
6). The evaluation method according to 1 or 5 above, wherein the mammal-derived specimen is a cell, and the canceration degree of the specimen is a malignancy of a mammal-derived cell;
7). 6. The evaluation method according to 1 or 5 above, wherein the mammal-derived specimen is a tissue, and the canceration degree of the specimen is an abundance of cancer cells in the mammal-derived tissue;
8). The mammal-derived specimen is a biological sample collected from the mammal, and the canceration degree of the specimen is the abundance of cancer cells in any body tissue of the mammal from which the biological sample was collected The evaluation method according to 1 or 5;
9. The evaluation method according to 7 above, wherein the tissue is a large intestine tissue;
10. 8. The evaluation method according to 7 above, wherein the tissue is lung tissue;
11. 8. The evaluation method according to 7 above, wherein the tissue is mammary gland tissue;
12 9. The evaluation method according to 8 above, wherein the biological sample is any one of blood, serum, plasma, body fluid, body secretion, and excreta;
13. The methylation frequency of the DNA is the methylation frequency of cytosine in one or more base sequences represented by 5′-CG-3 ′ present in the base sequence of the DNA. Evaluation method of
14 A method for evaluating the degree of canceration of a mammal-derived specimen,
(1) a first step of measuring an index value correlated with the methylation frequency of one or more DNAs having a base sequence selected from the following base sequences contained in a mammal-derived specimen; and (2) measured And a second step of determining the degree of canceration of the specimen based on a difference obtained by comparing the methylation frequency or an index value correlated therewith with a control:
(A) a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1,
(B) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 1 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 1,
(C) a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2,
(D) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 2 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 2,
(E) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3,
(F) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 3 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 3,
(G) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4,
(H) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 4 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 4,
(I) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5,
(J) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 5 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 5,
(K) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6,
(L) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 6 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 6,
(M) a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7,
(N) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 7 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 7,
(O) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8,
(P) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 8 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 8,
(Q) the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9,
(R) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 9 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 9,
(S) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10,
(T) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 10 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 10,
(U) the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11 or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11,
(V) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 11 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 11,
(W) a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12,
(X) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 12 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 12,
(Y) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13,
(Z) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 13 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 13,
(Aa) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 14 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 14,
(Ab) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 14 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 14;
(Ac) the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 15 or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 15,
(Ad) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 15 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 15;
(Ae) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 16 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 16,
(Af) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 16 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 16;
(Ag) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 17 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 17,
(Ah) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 17 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 17,
(Ai) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 18 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 18,
(Aj) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 18 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 18,
(Ak) the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19 or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19, and (al) the nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 19 or SEQ ID NO: A base sequence complementary to 19 and a base sequence having 80% or more homology;
15. 15. The evaluation method according to 14 above, wherein the correlated index value is the amount of any expression product of a gene existing downstream of at least one DNA selected from the base sequence;
16. 16. The evaluation method according to 15 above, wherein the amount of the gene expression product is the amount of the gene transcription product; Use of methylated DNA having a base sequence selected from the following base sequences as a cancer marker:
(A) a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1,
(B) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 1 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 1,
(C) a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2,
(D) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 2 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 2,
(E) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3,
(F) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 3 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 3,
(G) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4,
(H) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 4 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 4,
(I) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5,
(J) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 5 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 5,
(K) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6,
(L) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 6 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 6,
(M) a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7,
(N) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 7 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 7,
(O) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8,
(P) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 8 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 8,
(Q) the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9,
(R) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 9 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 9,
(S) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10,
(T) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 10 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 10,
(U) the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11 or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11,
(V) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 11 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 11,
(W) a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12,
(X) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 12 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 12,
(Y) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13,
(Z) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 13 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 13,
(Aa) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 14 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 14,
(Ab) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 14 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 14;
(Ac) the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 15 or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 15,
(Ad) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 15 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 15;
(Ae) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 16 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 16,
(Af) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 16 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 16;
(Ag) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 17 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 17,
(Ah) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 17 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 17,
(Ai) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 18 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 18,
(Aj) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 18 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 18,
(Ak) the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19 or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19, and (al) the nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 19 or SEQ ID NO: A base sequence complementary to 19 and a base sequence having 80% or more homology;
Etc.
According to the present invention, a method for evaluating the degree of canceration of a mammal-derived specimen can be provided.

 図1は、ヒト乳腺健常組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(N01およびN02)およびヒト乳がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)について配列番号1で示される塩基配列からなる目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化DNA割合をMassARRAY解析により測定した結果を示している。図中のTarget02_3_CpG及び図下のバーのTarget02_3は、配列番号1で示される塩基配列からなるDNAを示し、バーの上側の目盛は配列番号1における塩基番号を示し、バーの下側の目盛は、配列番号1で示される塩基配列におけるメチル化されうるシトシンの位置を示す。Target02_3_CpG_1、Target02_3_CpG_3、Target02_3_CpG_4、Target02_3_CpG_5、Target02_3_CpG_8、Target02_3_CpG_9、Target02_3_CpG_10及びTarget02_3_CpG_11は、それぞれ、配列番号1で示される塩基配列において塩基番号109、163、176、218、247、257、286及び391で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target02_3_CpG_6.7は、配列番号1で示される塩基配列において塩基番号226及び228で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。ヒト乳がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)におけるCGのメチル化割合はヒト乳腺健常組織ゲノムDNA(N01およびN02)に比して高かった。
 図2は、ヒト乳腺健常組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(N01およびN02)およびヒト乳がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)について配列番号2で示される塩基配列からなる目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化DNA割合をMassARRAY解析により測定した結果を示している。図中のTarget03_9_CpG及び図下のバーのTarget03_9は、配列番号2で示される塩基配列からなるDNAを示し、バーの上側の目盛は配列番号2における塩基番号を示し、バーの下側の目盛は、配列番号2で示される塩基配列におけるメチル化されうるシトシンの位置を示す。Target03_9_CpG_6及びTarget03_9_CpG_7は、それぞれ、配列番号2で示される塩基配列において塩基番号383及び391で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target03_9_CpG_1.2は、配列番号2で示される塩基配列において塩基番号55及び60で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。ヒト乳がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)におけるCGのメチル化割合はヒト乳腺健常組織ゲノムDNA(N01およびN02)に比して高かった。
 図3は、ヒト乳腺健常組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(N01およびN02)およびヒト乳がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)について配列番号3で示される塩基配列からなる目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化DNA割合をMassARRAY解析により測定した結果を示している。図中のTarget04_19_CpG及び図下のバーのTarget04_19は、配列番号3で示される塩基配列からなるDNAを示し、バーの上側の目盛は配列番号3における塩基番号を示し、バーの下側の目盛は、配列番号3で示される塩基配列におけるメチル化されうるシトシンの位置を示す。Target04_19_CpG_4及びTarget04_19_CpG_5は、それぞれ、配列番号3で示される塩基配列において塩基番号133及び138で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。
Target04_19_CpG_2.3は、配列番号3で示される塩基配列において塩基番号113及び119で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。ヒト乳がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)におけるCGのメチル化割合はヒト乳腺健常組織ゲノムDNA(N01およびN02)に比して高かった。
 図4は、ヒト乳腺健常組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(N01およびN02)およびヒト乳がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)について配列番号6で示される塩基配列からなる目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化DNA割合をMassARRAY解析により測定した結果を示している。図中のTarget09_15_CpG及び図下のバーのTarget09_15は、配列番号6で示される塩基配列からなるDNAを示し、バーの上側の目盛は配列番号6における塩基番号を示し、バーの下側の目盛は、配列番号6で示される塩基配列におけるメチル化されうるシトシンの位置を示す。Target09_15_CpG_1、Target09_15_CpG_2、Target09_15_CpG_6及びTarget09_15_CpG_14は、それぞれ、配列番号6で示される塩基配列において塩基番号27、43、118及び220で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target09_15_CpG_4.5は、配列番号6で示される塩基配列において塩基番号97及び102で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target09_15_CpG_7.8は、配列番号6で示される塩基配列において塩基番号131及び138で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target09_15_CpG_9.10は、配列番号6で示される塩基配列において塩基番号152及び157で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。
Target09_15_CpG_12.13は、配列番号6で示される塩基配列において塩基番号213及び216で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。
Target09_15_CpG_15.16は、配列番号6で示される塩基配列において塩基番号229及び234で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。ヒト乳がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)におけるCGのメチル化割合はヒト乳腺健常組織ゲノムDNA(N01およびN02)に比して高かった。
 図5は、ヒト乳腺健常組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(N01およびN02)およびヒト乳がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)について配列番号7で示される塩基配列からなる目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化DNA割合をMassARRAY解析により測定した結果を示している。図中のTarget10_9_CpG及び図下のバーのTarget10_9は、配列番号7で示される塩基配列からなるDNAを示し、バーの上側の目盛は配列番号7における塩基番号を示し、バーの下側の目盛は、配列番号7で示される塩基配列におけるメチル化されうるシトシンの位置を示す。Target10_9_CpG_3、Target10_9_CpG_6、Target10_9_CpG_8及びTarget10_9_CpG_9は、それぞれ、配列番号7で示される塩基配列において塩基番号106、140、174及び237で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target10_9_CpG_4.5は、配列番号7で示される塩基配列において塩基番号116及び118示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。ヒト乳がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)におけるCGのメチル化割合はヒト乳腺健常組織ゲノムDNA(N01およびN02)に比して高かった。
 図6は、ヒト乳腺健常組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(N01およびN02)およびヒト乳がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)について配列番号8で示される塩基配列からなる目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化DNA割合をMassARRAY解析により測定した結果を示している。図中のTarget11_3_CpG及び図下のバーのTarget11_3は、配列番号8で示される塩基配列からなるDNAを示し、バーの上側の目盛は配列番号8における塩基番号を示し、バーの下側の目盛は、配列番号8で示される塩基配列におけるメチル化されうるシトシンの位置を示す。Target11_3_CpG_1、Target11_3_CpG_5、Target11_3_CpG_6及びTarget11_3_CpG_8は、それぞれ、配列番号8で示される塩基配列において塩基番号54、240、295及び420で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target11_3_CpG_3.4は、配列番号8で示される塩基配列において塩基番号169及び172で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。ヒト乳がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)におけるCGのメチル化割合はヒト乳腺健常組織ゲノムDNA(N01およびN02)に比して高かった。
 図7は、ヒト乳腺健常組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(N01およびN02)およびヒト乳がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)について配列番号9で示される塩基配列からなる目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化DNA割合をMassARRAY解析により測定した結果を示している。図中のTarget12_3_CpG及び図下のバーのTarget12_3は、配列番号9で示される塩基配列からなるDNAを示し、バーの上側の目盛は配列番号9における塩基番号を示し、バーの下側の目盛は、配列番号9で示される塩基配列におけるメチル化されうるシトシンの位置を示す。Target12_3_CpG_2、Target12_3_CpG_4、Target12_3_CpG_8、Target12_3_CpG_10及びTarget12_3_CpG_12は、それぞれ、配列番号9で示される塩基配列において塩基番号233、326、408、429及び453で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target12_3_CpG_5.6は、配列番号9で示される塩基配列において塩基番号378及び383で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。ヒト乳がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)におけるCGのメチル化割合はヒト乳腺健常組織ゲノムDNA(N01およびN02)に比して高かった。
 図8は、ヒト乳腺健常組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(N01およびN02)およびヒト乳がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)について配列番号10で示される塩基配列からなる目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化DNA割合をMassARRAY解析により測定した結果を示している。図中のTarget15_4_CpG及び図下のバーのTarget15_4は、配列番号10で示される塩基配列からなるDNAを示し、バーの上側の目盛は配列番号10における塩基番号を示し、バーの下側の目盛は、配列番号10で示される塩基配列におけるメチル化されうるシトシンの位置を示す。
Target15_4_CpG_3、Target15_4_CpG_4、Target15_4_CpG_10、Target15_4_CpG_11及びTarget15_4_CpG_12は、それぞれ、配列番号10で示される塩基配列において塩基番号78、129、264、297及び335で示されるシトシンシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target15_4_CpG_1.2は、配列番号10で示される塩基配列において塩基番号69及び72で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。
Target15_4_CpG_6.7は、配列番号10で示される塩基配列において塩基番号159及び161で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。
Target15_4_CpG_8.9は、配列番号10で示される塩基配列において塩基番号232及び235で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。ヒト乳がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)におけるCGのメチル化割合はヒト乳腺健常組織ゲノムDNA(N01およびN02)に比して高かった。
 図9は、ヒト乳腺健常組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(N01およびN02)およびヒト乳がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)について配列番号11で示される塩基配列からなる目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化DNA割合をMassARRAY解析により測定した結果を示している。図中のTarget18_1_CpG及び図下のバーのTarget18_1は、配列番号11で示される塩基配列からなるDNAを示し、バーの上側の目盛は配列番号11における塩基番号を示し、バーの下側の目盛は、配列番号11で示される塩基配列におけるメチル化されうるシトシンの位置を示す。
Target18_1_CpG_1、Target18_1_CpG_2、Target18_1_CpG_3、Target18_1_CpG_4、Target18_1_CpG_7、Target18_1_CpG_14、Target18_1_CpG_19、Target18_1_CpG_20、Target18_1_CpG_23及びTarget18_1_CpG_26は、それぞれ、配列番号11で示される塩基配列において塩基番号37、52、64、80、117、216、314、327、379及び411で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target18_1_CpG_5.6は、配列番号11で示される塩基配列において塩基番号102及び104で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target18_1_CpG_9.10.11は、配列番号11で示される塩基配列において塩基番号164、170及び173で示される3つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target18_1_CpG_12.13は、配列番号11で示される塩基配列において塩基番号198及び201で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target18_1_CpG_15.16は、配列番号11で示される塩基配列において塩基番号274及び277で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。
Target18_1_CpG_17.18は、配列番号11で示される塩基配列において塩基番号296及び307で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。
Target18_1_CpG_24.25は、配列番号11で示される塩基配列において塩基番号401及び403で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。ヒト乳がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)におけるCGのメチル化割合はヒト乳腺健常組織ゲノムDNA(N01およびN02)に比して高かった。
 図10は、ヒト乳腺健常組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(N01およびN02)およびヒト乳がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)について配列番号12で示される塩基配列からなる目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化DNA割合をMassARRAY解析により測定した結果を示している。図中のTarget19_2_CpG及び図下のバーのTarget19_2は、配列番号12で示される塩基配列からなるDNAを示し、バーの上側の目盛は配列番号12における塩基番号を示し、バーの下側の目盛は、配列番号12で示される塩基配列におけるメチル化されうるシトシンの位置を示す。
Target19_2_CpG_5、Target19_2_CpG_6、Target19_2_CpG_9、Target19_2_CpG_12、Target19_2_CpG_13、Target19_2_CpG_14、Target19_2_CpG_15、Target19_2_CpG_17、Target19_2_CpG_23及びTarget19_2_CpG_24は、それぞれ、配列番号12で示される塩基配列において塩基番号95、108、160、192、252、275、287、317、413及び421で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target19_2_CpG_1.2は、配列番号12で示される塩基配列において塩基番号55及び58で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target19_2_CpG_3.4は、配列番号12で示される塩基配列において塩基番号77及び88で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target19_2_CpG_10.11は、配列番号12で示される塩基配列において塩基番号182及び184で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。
Target19_2_CpG_19.20.21は、配列番号12で示される塩基配列において塩基番号359、362及び368で示される3つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。ヒト乳がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)におけるCGのメチル化割合はヒト乳腺健常組織ゲノムDNA(N01およびN02)に比して高かった。
 図11は、ヒト乳腺健常組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(N01およびN02)およびヒト乳がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)について配列番号13で示される塩基配列からなる目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化DNA割合をMassARRAY解析により測定した結果を示している。図中のTarget21_13_CpG及び図下のバーのTarget21_13は、配列番号13で示される塩基配列からなるDNAを示し、バーの上側の目盛は配列番号13における塩基番号を示し、バーの下側の目盛は、配列番号13で示される塩基配列におけるメチル化されうるシトシンの位置を示す。
Target21_13_CpG_3、Target21_13_CpG_4、Target21_13_CpG_8、Target21_13_CpG_9、Target21_13_CpG_10、Target21_13_CpG_11、Target21_13_CpG_12、Target21_13_CpG_15、Target21_13_CpG_16、Target21_13_CpG_17、Target21_13_CpG_18及びTarget21_13_CpG_19は、それぞれ、配列番号13で示される塩基配列において塩基番号72、136、181、193、207、227、241、285、305、338、359及び384で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target21_13_CpG_1.2は、配列番号13で示される塩基配列において塩基番号37及び44で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target21_13_CpG_6.7は、配列番号13で示される塩基配列において塩基番号172及び174で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target21_13_CpG_13.14は、配列番号13で示される塩基配列において塩基番号253及び261で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。ヒト乳がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)におけるCGのメチル化割合はヒト乳腺健常組織ゲノムDNA(N01およびN02)に比して高かった。
 図12は、ヒト乳腺健常組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(N01およびN02)およびヒト乳がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)について配列番号14で示される塩基配列からなる目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化DNA割合をMassARRAY解析により測定した結果を示している。図中のTarget23_11_CpG及び図下のバーのTarget23_11は、配列番号14で示される塩基配列からなるDNAを示し、バーの上側の目盛は配列番号14における塩基番号を示し、バーの下側の目盛は、配列番号14で示される塩基配列におけるメチル化されうるシトシンの位置を示す。
Target23_11_CpG_6及びTarget23_11_CpG_8は、それぞれ、配列番号14で示される塩基配列において塩基番号116及び257で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target23_11_CpG_1.2は、配列番号14で示される塩基配列において塩基番号27及び32で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。
Target23_11_CpG_4.5は、配列番号14で示される塩基配列において塩基番号109及び112で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。ヒト乳がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)におけるCGのメチル化割合はヒト乳腺健常組織ゲノムDNA(N01およびN02)に比して高かった。
 図13は、ヒト乳腺健常組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(N01およびN02)およびヒト乳がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)について配列番号16で示される塩基配列からなる目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化DNA割合をMassARRAY解析により測定した結果を示している。図中のTarget40_18_CpG及び図下のバーのTarget40_18は、配列番号16で示される塩基配列からなるDNAを示し、バーの上側の目盛は配列番号16における塩基番号を示し、バーの下側の目盛は、配列番号16で示される塩基配列におけるメチル化されうるシトシンの位置を示す。
Target40_18_CpG_3及びTarget40_18_CpG_5は、それぞれ、配列番号16で示される塩基配列において塩基番号148及び243で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。ヒト乳がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)におけるCGのメチル化割合はヒト乳腺健常組織ゲノムDNA(N01およびN02)に比して高かった。
 図14は、ヒト乳腺健常組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(N01およびN02)およびヒト乳がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)について配列番号17および配列番号18で示される塩基配列からなる目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化DNA割合をMassARRAY解析により測定した結果を示している。図中のTarget41_10_CpG及び図下のバーのTarget41_10は、配列番号17で示される塩基配列からなるDNAを示し、バーの上側の目盛は配列番号17における塩基番号を示し、バーの下側の目盛は、配列番号17で示される塩基配列におけるメチル化されうるシトシンの位置を示す。Target41_10_CpG_1、Target41_10_CpG3及びTarget41_10_CpG_6は、それぞれ、配列番号17で示される塩基配列において塩基番号42、72及び185で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target41_10_CpG_7.8は、配列番号17で示される塩基配列において塩基番号206及び211で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target41_17は、配列番号18で示される塩基配列からなるDNAを示し、バーの上側の目盛は配列番号18における塩基番号を示し、バーの下側の目盛は、配列番号18で示される塩基配列におけるメチル化されうるシトシンの位置を示す。Target41_17_CpG_2、Target41_17_CpG_6、Target41_17_CpG_7、Target41_17_CpG_8及びTarget41_17_CpG_9は、それぞれ、配列番号18で示される塩基配列において塩基番号49、254、277、305及び333で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target41_17_CpG_3.4は、配列番号18で示される塩基配列において塩基番号58及び61で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。ヒト乳がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)におけるCGのメチル化割合はヒト乳腺健常組織ゲノムDNA(N01およびN02)に比して高かった。
 図15は、ヒト乳腺健常組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(N01およびN02)およびヒト乳がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)について配列番号19で示される塩基配列からなる目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化DNA割合をMassARRAY解析により測定した結果を示している。図中のTarget44_9_CpG及び図下のバーのTarget44_9は、配列番号19で示される塩基配列からなるDNAを示し、バーの上側の目盛は配列番号19における塩基番号を示し、バーの下側の目盛は、配列番号19で示される塩基配列におけるメチル化されうるシトシンの位置を示す。
Target44_9_CpG_4、Target44_9_CpG_5、Target44_9_CpG_6、Target44_9_CpG_8、Target44_9_CpG_9、Target44_9_CpG_11、Target44_9_CpG_12、Target44_9_CpG_20、Target44_9_CpG_21、Target44_9_CpG_27及びTarget44_9_CpG_28は、それぞれ、配列番号19で示される塩基配列において塩基番号102、116、124、188、206、221、241、315、321、410及び425で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。
Target44_9_CpG_13.14は、配列番号19で示される塩基配列において塩基番号254及び258で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。
Target44_9_CpG_16.17は、配列番号19で示される塩基配列において塩基番号286及び288で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。
Target44_9_CpG_18.19は、配列番号19で示される塩基配列において塩基番号297及び303で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。
Target44_9_CpG_22.23は、配列番号19で示される塩基配列において塩基番号333及び335で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。
Target44_9_CpG_25.26は、配列番号19で示される塩基配列において塩基番号389及び392で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。
Target44_9_CpG_29.30は、配列番号19で示される塩基配列において塩基番号435及び438で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。
Target44_9_CpG_32.33は、配列番号19で示される塩基配列において塩基番号453及び456で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。ヒト乳がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)におけるCGのメチル化割合はヒト乳腺健常組織ゲノムDNA(N01およびN02)に比して高かった。
 図16は、ヒト肺健常組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(N01およびN02)およびヒト肺がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02およびC03)について配列番号1で示される塩基配列からなる目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化DNA割合をMassARRAY解析により測定した結果を示している。図中のTarget02_3_CpG及び図下のバーのTarget02_3は、配列番号1で示される塩基配列からなるDNAを示し、バーの上側の目盛は配列番号1における塩基番号を示し、バーの下側の目盛は、配列番号1で示される塩基配列におけるメチル化されうるシトシンの位置を示す。Target02_3_CpG_1、Target02_3_CpG_3、Target02_3_CpG_4、Target02_3_CpG_5、Target02_3_CpG_8、Target02_3_CpG_9、Target02_3_CpG_10及びTarget02_3_CpG_11は、それぞれ、配列番号1で示される塩基配列において塩基番号109、163、176、218、247、257、286及び391で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target02_3_CpG_6.7は、配列番号1で示される塩基配列において塩基番号226及び228で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。ヒト肺がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02およびC03)におけるCGのメチル化割合はヒト肺健常組織ゲノムDNA(N01およびN02)に比して高かった。
 図17は、ヒト肺健常組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(N01およびN02)およびヒト肺がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02およびC03)について配列番号3で示される塩基配列からなる目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化DNA割合をMassARRAY解析により測定した結果を示している。図中のTarget04_19_CpG及び図下のバーのTarget04_19は、配列番号3で示される塩基配列からなるDNAを示し、バーの上側の目盛は配列番号3における塩基番号を示し、バーの下側の目盛は、配列番号3で示される塩基配列におけるメチル化されうるシトシンの位置を示す。Target04_19_CpG_4及びTarget04_19_CpG_5は、それぞれ、配列番号3で示される塩基配列において塩基番号133及び138で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。
Target04_19_CpG_2.3は、配列番号3で示される塩基配列において塩基番号113及び119で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。ヒト肺がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02およびC03)におけるCGのメチル化割合はヒト肺健常組織ゲノムDNA(N01およびN02)に比して高かった。
 図18は、ヒト肺健常組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(N01およびN02)およびヒト肺がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02およびC03)について配列番号4で示される塩基配列からなる目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化DNA割合をMassARRAY解析により測定した結果を示している。図中のTarget06_21_CpG及び図下のバーのTarget06_21は、配列番号4で示される塩基配列からなるDNAを示し、バーの上側の目盛は配列番号4における塩基番号を示し、バーの下側の目盛は、配列番号4で示される塩基配列におけるメチル化されうるシトシンの位置を示す。Target06_21_CpG_1、Target06_21_CpG_3及びTarget06_21_CpG_6は、それぞれ、配列番号4で示される塩基配列において塩基番号69、113及び265で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。ヒト肺がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02およびC03)におけるCGのメチル化割合はヒト肺健常組織ゲノムDNA(N01およびN02)に比して高かった。
 図19は、ヒト肺健常組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(N01およびN02)およびヒト肺がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02およびC03)について配列番号6で示される塩基配列からなる目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化DNA割合をMassARRAY解析により測定した結果を示している。図中のTarget09_15_CpG図下のバーのTarget09_15は、配列番号6で示される塩基配列からなるDNAを示し、バーの上側の目盛は配列番号6における塩基番号を示し、バーの下側の目盛は、配列番号6で示される塩基配列におけるメチル化されうるシトシンの位置を示す。Target09_15_CpG_1、Target09_15_CpG_2、Target09_15_CpG_6及びTarget09_15_CpG_14は、それぞれ、配列番号6で示される塩基配列において塩基番号27、43、118及び220で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target09_15_CpG_4.5は、配列番号6で示される塩基配列において塩基番号97及び102で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target09_15_CpG_7.8は、配列番号6で示される塩基配列において塩基番号131及び138で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target09_15_CpG_9.10は、配列番号6で示される塩基配列において塩基番号152及び157で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。
Target09_15_CpG_12.13は、配列番号6で示される塩基配列において塩基番号213及び216で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。
Target09_15_CpG_15.16は、配列番号6で示される塩基配列において塩基番号229及び234で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。ヒト肺がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02およびC03)におけるCGのメチル化割合はヒト肺健常組織ゲノムDNA(N01およびN02)に比して高かった。
 図20は、ヒト肺健常組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(N01およびN02)およびヒト肺がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02およびC03)について配列番号8で示される塩基配列からなる目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化DNA割合をMassARRAY解析により測定した結果を示している。図中のTarget11_3_CpG及び図下のバーのTarget11_3は、配列番号8で示される塩基配列からなるDNAを示し、バーの上側の目盛は配列番号8における塩基番号を示し、バーの下側の目盛は、配列番号8で示される塩基配列におけるメチル化されうるシトシンの位置を示す。Target11_3_CpG_1、Target11_3_CpG_5、Target11_3_CpG_6及びTarget11_3_CpG_8は、それぞれ、配列番号8で示される塩基配列において塩基番号54、240、295及び420で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target11_3_CpG_3.4は、配列番号8で示される塩基配列において塩基番号169及び172で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。ヒト肺がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02およびC03)におけるCGのメチル化割合はヒト肺健常組織ゲノムDNA(N01およびN02)に比して高かった。
 図21は、ヒト肺健常組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(N01およびN02)およびヒト肺がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02およびC03)について配列番号10で示される塩基配列からなる目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化DNA割合をMassARRAY解析により測定した結果を示している。図中のTarget15_4_CpG及び図下のバーのTarget15_4は、配列番号10で示される塩基配列からなるDNAを示し、バーの上側の目盛は配列番号10における塩基番号を示し、バーの下側の目盛は、配列番号10で示される塩基配列におけるメチル化されうるシトシンの位置を示す。Target15_4_CpG_3、Target15_4_CpG_4、Target15_4_CpG_10、Target15_4_CpG_11及びTarget15_4_CpG_12は、それぞれ、配列番号10で示される塩基配列において塩基番号78、129、264、297及び335で示されるシトシンシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。
Target15_4_CpG_1.2は、配列番号10で示される塩基配列において塩基番号69及び72で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。
Target15_4_CpG_6.7は、配列番号10で示される塩基配列において塩基番号159及び161で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。
Target15_4_CpG_8.9は、配列番号10で示される塩基配列において塩基番号232及び235で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。ヒト肺がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02およびC03)におけるCGのメチル化割合はヒト肺健常組織ゲノムDNA(N01およびN02)に比して高かった。
 図22は、ヒト肺健常組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(N01およびN02)およびヒト肺がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02およびC03)について配列番号11で示される塩基配列からなる目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化DNA割合をMassARRAY解析により測定した結果を示している。図中のTarget18_1_CpG及び図下のバーのTarget18_1は、配列番号11で示される塩基配列からなるDNAを示し、バーの上側の目盛は配列番号11における塩基番号を示し、バーの下側の目盛は、配列番号11で示される塩基配列におけるメチル化されうるシトシンの位置を示す。Target18_1_CpG_1、Target18_1_CpG_2、Target18_1_CpG_3、Target18_1_CpG_4、Target18_1_CpG_7、Target18_1_CpG_14、Target18_1_CpG_19、Target18_1_CpG_20、Target18_1_CpG_23及びTarget18_1_CpG_26は、それぞれ、配列番号11で示される塩基配列において塩基番号37、52、64、80、117、216、314、327、379及び411で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target18_1_CpG_5.6は、配列番号11で示される塩基配列において塩基番号102及び104で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target18_1_CpG_9.10.11は、配列番号11で示される塩基配列において塩基番号164、170及び173で示される3つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target18_1_CpG_12.13は、配列番号11で示される塩基配列において塩基番号198及び201で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。
Target18_1_CpG_15.16は、配列番号11で示される塩基配列において塩基番号274及び277で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。
Target18_1_CpG_17.18は、配列番号11で示される塩基配列において塩基番号296及び307で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。
Target18_1_CpG_24.25は、配列番号11で示される塩基配列において塩基番号401及び403で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。ヒト肺がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02およびC03)におけるCGのメチル化割合はヒト肺健常組織ゲノムDNA(N01およびN02)に比して高かった。
 図23は、ヒト肺健常組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(N01およびN02)およびヒト肺がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02およびC03)について配列番号12で示される塩基配列からなる目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化DNA割合をMassARRAY解析により測定した結果を示している。図中のTarget19_2_CpG及び図下のバーのTarget19_2は、配列番号12で示される塩基配列からなるDNAを示し、バーの上側の目盛は配列番号12における塩基番号を示し、バーの下側の目盛は、配列番号12で示される塩基配列におけるメチル化されうるシトシンの位置を示す。Target19_2_CpG_5、Target19_2_CpG_6、Target19_2_CpG_9、Target19_2_CpG_12、Target19_2_CpG_13、Target19_2_CpG_14、Target19_2_CpG_15、Target19_2_CpG_17、Target19_2_CpG_23及びTarget19_2_CpG_24は、それぞれ、配列番号12で示される塩基配列において塩基番号95、108、160、192、252、275、287、317、413及び421で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target19_2_CpG_1.2は、配列番号12で示される塩基配列において塩基番号55及び58で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target19_2_CpG_3.4は、配列番号12で示される塩基配列において塩基番号77及び88で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。
Target19_2_CpG_10.11は、配列番号12で示される塩基配列において塩基番号182及び184で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。
Target19_2_CpG_19.20.21は、配列番号12で示される塩基配列において塩基番号359、362及び368で示される3つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。ヒト肺がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02およびC03)におけるCGのメチル化割合はヒト肺健常組織ゲノムDNA(N01およびN02)に比して高かった。
 図24は、ヒト肺健常組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(N01およびN02)およびヒト肺がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02およびC03)について配列番号13で示される塩基配列からなる目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化DNA割合をMassARRAY解析により測定した結果を示している。図中のTarget21_13_CpG及び図下のバーのTarget21_13は、配列番号13で示される塩基配列からなるDNAを示し、バーの上側の目盛は配列番号13における塩基番号を示し、バーの下側の目盛は、配列番号13で示される塩基配列におけるメチル化されうるシトシンの位置を示す。
Target21_13_CpG_3、Target21_13_CpG_4、Target21_13_CpG_8、Target21_13_CpG_9、Target21_13_CpG_10、Target21_13_CpG_11、Target21_13_CpG_12、Target21_13_CpG_15、Target21_13_CpG_16、Target21_13_CpG_17、Target21_13_CpG_18及びTarget21_13_CpG_19は、それぞれ、配列番号13で示される塩基配列において塩基番号72、136、181、193、207、227、241、285、305、338、359及び384で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target21_13_CpG_1.2は、配列番号13で示される塩基配列において塩基番号37及び44で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target21_13_CpG_6.7は、配列番号13で示される塩基配列において塩基番号172及び174で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target21_13_CpG_13.14は、配列番号13で示される塩基配列において塩基番号253及び261で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。ヒト肺がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02およびC03)におけるCGのメチル化割合はヒト肺健常組織ゲノムDNA(N01およびN02)に比して高かった。
 図25は、ヒト肺健常組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(N01およびN02)およびヒト肺がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02およびC03)について配列番号15で示される塩基配列からなる目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化DNA割合をMassARRAY解析により測定した結果を示している。図中のTarget33_9_CpG及び図下のバーのTarget39_9は、配列番号15で示される塩基配列からなるDNAを示し、バーの上側の目盛は配列番号15における塩基番号を示し、バーの下側の目盛は、配列番号15で示される塩基配列におけるメチル化されうるシトシンの位置を示す。Target33_9_CpG_1、Target33_9_CpG_2、Target33_9_CpG_3、Target33_9_CpG_8、Target33_9_CpG_9、Target33_9_CpG_10、Target33_9_CpG_11、Target33_9_CpG_12、Target33_9_CpG_14、Target33_9_CpG_15及びTarget33_9_CpG_16は、それぞれ、配列番号15で示される塩基配列において塩基番号29、35、56、92、108、133、157、171、235、252及び266で示されるシトシンを示す。Target33_9_CpG_4.5.6.7は、配列番号15で示される塩基配列において塩基番号65、67、71及び74で示される4つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。ヒト肺がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02およびC03)におけるCGのメチル化割合はヒト肺健常組織ゲノムDNA(N01およびN02)に比して高かった。
 図26は、ヒト肺健常組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(N01およびN02)およびヒト肺がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02およびC03)について配列番号16で示される塩基配列からなる目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化DNA割合をMassARRAY解析により測定した結果を示している。図中のTarget40_18_CpG及び図下のバーのTarget40_18は、配列番号16で示される塩基配列からなるDNAを示し、バーの上側の目盛は配列番号16における塩基番号を示し、バーの下側の目盛は、配列番号16で示される塩基配列におけるメチル化されうるシトシンの位置を示す。
Target40_18_CpG_3及びTarget40_18_CpG_5は、それぞれ、配列番号16で示される塩基配列において塩基番号148及び243で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。ヒト肺がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02およびC03)におけるCGのメチル化割合はヒト肺健常組織ゲノムDNA(N01およびN02)に比して高かった。
 図27は、ヒト肺健常組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(N01およびN02)およびヒト肺がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02およびC03)について配列番号19で示される塩基配列からなる目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化DNA割合をMassARRAY解析により測定した結果を示している。図中のTarget44_9_CpG及び図下のバーのTarget44_9は、配列番号19で示される塩基配列からなるDNAを示し、バーの上側の目盛は配列番号19における塩基番号を示し、バーの下側の目盛は、配列番号19で示される塩基配列におけるメチル化されうるシトシンの位置を示す。Target44_9_CpG_4、Target44_9_CpG_5、Target44_9_CpG_6、Target44_9_CpG_8、Target44_9_CpG_9、Target44_9_CpG_11、Target44_9_CpG_12、Target44_9_CpG_20、Target44_9_CpG_21、Target44_9_CpG_27及びTarget44_9_CpG_28は、それぞれ、配列番号19で示される塩基配列において塩基番号102、116、124、188、206、221、241、315、321、410及び425で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target44_9_CpG_13.14は、配列番号19で示される塩基配列において塩基番号254及び258で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target44_9_CpG_16.17は、配列番号19で示される塩基配列において塩基番号286及び288で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target44_9_CpG_18.19は、配列番号19で示される塩基配列において塩基番号297及び303で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target44_9_CpG_22.23は、配列番号19で示される塩基配列において塩基番号333及び335で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target44_9_CpG_25.26は、配列番号19で示される塩基配列において塩基番号389及び392で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。
Target44_9_CpG_29.30は、配列番号19で示される塩基配列において塩基番号435及び438で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。
Target44_9_CpG_32.33は、配列番号19で示される塩基配列において塩基番号453及び456で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。ヒト肺がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02およびC03)におけるCGのメチル化割合はヒト肺健常組織ゲノムDNA(N01およびN02)に比して高かった。
 図28は、ヒト大腸健常組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(N01およびN02)およびヒト大腸がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)について配列番号1で示される塩基配列からなる目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化DNA割合をMassARRAY解析により測定した結果を示している。図中のTarget02_3_CpG及び図下のバーのTarget02_3は、配列番号1で示される塩基配列からなるDNAを示し、バーの上側の目盛は配列番号1における塩基番号を示し、バーの下側の目盛は、配列番号1で示される塩基配列におけるメチル化されうるシトシンの位置を示す。
Target02_3_CpG_1、Target02_3_CpG_3、Target02_3_CpG_4、Target02_3_CpG_5、Target02_3_CpG_8、Target02_3_CpG_9、Target02_3_CpG_10及びTarget02_3_CpG_11は、それぞれ、配列番号1で示される塩基配列において塩基番号109、163、176、218、247、257、286及び391で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。
Target02_3_CpG_6.7は、配列番号1で示される塩基配列において塩基番号226及び228で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。ヒト大腸がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)におけるCGのメチル化割合はヒト大腸健常組織ゲノムDNA(N01およびN02)に比して高かった。
 図29は、ヒト大腸健常組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(N01およびN02)およびヒト大腸がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)について配列番号3で示される塩基配列からなる目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化DNA割合をMassARRAY解析により測定した結果を示している。図中のTarget04_19_CpG及び図下のバーのTarget04_19は、配列番号3で示される塩基配列からなるDNAを示し、バーの上側の目盛は配列番号3における塩基番号を示し、バーの下側の目盛は、配列番号3で示される塩基配列におけるメチル化されうるシトシンの位置を示す。
Target04_19_CpG_4及びTarget04_19_CpG_5は、それぞれ、配列番号3で示される塩基配列において塩基番号133及び138で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target04_19_CpG_2.3は、配列番号3で示される塩基配列において塩基番号113及び119で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。ヒト大腸がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)におけるCGのメチル化割合はヒト大腸健常組織ゲノムDNA(N01およびN02)に比して高かった。
 図30は、ヒト大腸健常組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(N01およびN02)およびヒト大腸がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)について配列番号5で示される塩基配列からなる目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化DNA割合をMassARRAY解析により測定した結果を示している。図中のTarget08_6_CpG及び図下のバーのTarget08_6は、配列番号5で示される塩基配列からなるDNAを示し、バーの上側の目盛は配列番号5における塩基番号を示し、バーの下側の目盛は、配列番号5で示される塩基配列におけるメチル化されうるシトシンの位置を示す。
Target08_6_CpG_1、Target08_6_CpG_2、Target08_6_CpG_3及びTarget08_6_CpG_5は、それぞれ、配列番号5で示される塩基配列において塩基番号184、212、263及び24で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。ヒト大腸がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)におけるCGのメチル化割合はヒト大腸健常組織ゲノムDNA(N01およびN02)に比して高かった。
 図31は、ヒト大腸健常組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(N01およびN02)およびヒト大腸がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)について配列番号6で示される塩基配列からなる目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化DNA割合をMassARRAY解析により測定した結果を示している。図中のTarget09_15_CpG及び図下のバーのTarget09_15は、配列番号6で示される塩基配列からなるDNAを示し、バーの上側の目盛は配列番号6における塩基番号を示し、バーの下側の目盛は、配列番号6で示される塩基配列におけるメチル化されうるシトシンの位置を示す。
Target09_15_CpG_1、Target09_15_CpG_2、Target09_15_CpG_6及びTarget09_15_CpG_14は、それぞれ、配列番号6で示される塩基配列において塩基番号27、43、118及び220で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。
Target09_15_CpG_4.5は、配列番号6で示される塩基配列において塩基番号97及び102で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。
Target09_15_CpG_7.8は、配列番号6で示される塩基配列において塩基番号131及び138で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。
Target09_15_CpG_9.10は、配列番号6で示される塩基配列において塩基番号152及び157で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。
Target09_15_CpG_12.13は、配列番号6で示される塩基配列において塩基番号213及び216で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。
Target09_15_CpG_15.16は、配列番号6で示される塩基配列において塩基番号229及び234で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。ヒト大腸がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)におけるCGのメチル化割合はヒト大腸健常組織ゲノムDNA(N01およびN02)に比して高かった。
 図32は、ヒト大腸健常組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(N01およびN02)およびヒト大腸がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)について配列番号7で示される塩基配列からなる目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化DNA割合をMassARRAY解析により測定した結果を示している。図中のTarget10_9_CpG及び図下のバーのTarget10_9は、配列番号7で示される塩基配列からなるDNAを示し、バーの上側の目盛は配列番号7における塩基番号を示し、バーの下側の目盛は、配列番号7で示される塩基配列におけるメチル化されうるシトシンの位置を示す。
Target10_9_CpG_3、Target10_9_CpG_6、Target10_9_CpG_8及びTarget10_9_CpG_9は、それぞれ、配列番号7で示される塩基配列において塩基番号106、140、174及び237で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target10_9_CpG_4.5は、配列番号7で示される塩基配列において塩基番号116及び118示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。ヒト大腸がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)におけるCGのメチル化割合はヒト大腸健常組織ゲノムDNA(N01およびN02)に比して高かった。
 図33は、ヒト大腸健常組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(N01およびN02)およびヒト大腸がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)について配列番号9で示される塩基配列からなる目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化DNA割合をMassARRAY解析により測定した結果を示している。図中のTarget12_3_CpG及び図下のバーのTarget12_3は、配列番号9で示される塩基配列からなるDNAを示し、バーの上側の目盛は配列番号9における塩基番号を示し、バーの下側の目盛は、配列番号9で示される塩基配列におけるメチル化されうるシトシンの位置を示す。
Target12_3_CpG_2、Target12_3_CpG_4、Target12_3_CpG_8、Target12_3_CpG_10及びTarget12_3_CpG_12は、それぞれ、配列番号9で示される塩基配列において塩基番号233、326、408、429及び453で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。
Target12_3_CpG_5.6は、配列番号9で示される塩基配列において塩基番号378及び383で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。ヒト大腸がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)におけるCGのメチル化割合はヒト大腸健常組織ゲノムDNA(N01およびN02)に比して高かった。
 図34は、ヒト大腸健常組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(N01およびN02)およびヒト大腸がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)について配列番号10で示される塩基配列からなる目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化DNA割合をMassARRAY解析により測定した結果を示している。図中のTarget15_4_CpG及び図下のバーのTarget15_4は、配列番号10で示される塩基配列からなるDNAを示し、バーの上側の目盛は配列番号10における塩基番号を示し、バーの下側の目盛は、配列番号10で示される塩基配列におけるメチル化されうるシトシンの位置を示す。
Target15_4_CpG_3、Target15_4_CpG_4、Target15_4_CpG_10、Target15_4_CpG_11及びTarget15_4_CpG_12は、それぞれ、配列番号10で示される塩基配列において塩基番号78、129、264、297及び335で示されるシトシンシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target15_4_CpG_1.2は、配列番号10で示される塩基配列において塩基番号69及び72で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。
Target15_4_CpG_6.7は、配列番号10で示される塩基配列において塩基番号159及び161で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。
Target15_4_CpG_8.9は、配列番号10で示される塩基配列において塩基番号232及び235で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。ヒト大腸がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)におけるCGのメチル化割合はヒト大腸健常組織ゲノムDNA(N01およびN02)に比して高かった。
 図35は、ヒト大腸健常組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(N01およびN02)およびヒト大腸がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)について配列番号11で示される塩基配列からなる目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化DNA割合をMassARRAY解析により測定した結果を示している。図中のTarget18_1_CpG及び図下のバーのTarget18_1は、配列番号11で示される塩基配列からなるDNAを示し、バーの上側の目盛は配列番号11における塩基番号を示し、バーの下側の目盛は、配列番号11で示される塩基配列におけるメチル化されうるシトシンの位置を示す。
Target18_1_CpG_1、Target18_1_CpG_2、Target18_1_CpG_3、Target18_1_CpG_4、Target18_1_CpG_7、Target18_1_CpG_14、Target18_1_CpG_19、Target18_1_CpG_20、Target18_1_CpG_23及びTarget18_1_CpG_26は、それぞれ、配列番号11で示される塩基配列において塩基番号37、52、64、80、117、216、314、327、379及び411で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target18_1_CpG_5.6は、配列番号11で示される塩基配列において塩基番号102及び104で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target18_1_CpG_9.10.11は、配列番号11で示される塩基配列において塩基番号164、170及び173で示される3つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target18_1_CpG_12.13は、配列番号11で示される塩基配列において塩基番号198及び201で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target18_1_CpG_15.16は、配列番号11で示される塩基配列において塩基番号274及び277で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。
Target18_1_CpG_17.18は、配列番号11で示される塩基配列において塩基番号296及び307で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。
Target18_1_CpG_24.25は、配列番号11で示される塩基配列において塩基番号401及び403で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。ヒト大腸がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)におけるCGのメチル化割合はヒト大腸健常組織ゲノムDNA(N01およびN02)に比して高かった。
 図36は、ヒト大腸健常組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(N01およびN02)およびヒト大腸がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)について配列番号12で示される塩基配列からなる目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化DNA割合をMassARRAY解析により測定した結果を示している。図中のTarget19_2_CpG及び図下のバーのTarget19_2は、配列番号12で示される塩基配列からなるDNAを示し、バーの上側の目盛は配列番号12における塩基番号を示し、バーの下側の目盛は、配列番号12で示される塩基配列におけるメチル化されうるシトシンの位置を示す。
Target19_2_CpG_5、Target19_2_CpG_6、Target19_2_CpG_9、Target19_2_CpG_12、Target19_2_CpG_13、Target19_2_CpG_14、Target19_2_CpG_15、Target19_2_CpG_17、Target19_2_CpG_23及びTarget19_2_CpG_24は、それぞれ、配列番号12で示される塩基配列において塩基番号95、108、160、192、252、275、287、317、413及び421で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target19_2_CpG_1.2は、配列番号12で示される塩基配列において塩基番号55及び58で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target19_2_CpG_3.4は、配列番号12で示される塩基配列において塩基番号77及び88で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target19_2_CpG_10.11は、配列番号12で示される塩基配列において塩基番号182及び184で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。
Target19_2_CpG_19.20.21は、配列番号12で示される塩基配列において塩基番号359、362及び368で示される3つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。ヒト大腸がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)におけるCGのメチル化割合はヒト大腸健常組織ゲノムDNA(N01およびN02)に比して高かった。
 図37は、ヒト大腸健常組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(N01およびN02)およびヒト大腸がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)について配列番号13で示される塩基配列からなる目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化DNA割合をMassARRAY解析により測定した結果を示している。図中のTarget21_13_CpG及び図下のバーのTarget21_13は、配列番号13で示される塩基配列からなるDNAを示し、バーの上側の目盛は配列番号13における塩基番号を示し、バーの下側の目盛は、配列番号13で示される塩基配列におけるメチル化されうるシトシンの位置を示す。
Target21_13_CpG_3、Target21_13_CpG_4、Target21_13_CpG_8、Target21_13_CpG_9、Target21_13_CpG_10、Target21_13_CpG_11、Target21_13_CpG_12、Target21_13_CpG_15、Target21_13_CpG_16、Target21_13_CpG_17、Target21_13_CpG_18及びTarget21_13_CpG_19は、それぞれ、配列番号13で示される塩基配列において塩基番号72、136、181、193、207、227、241、285、305、338、359及び384で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target21_13_CpG_1.2は、配列番号13で示される塩基配列において塩基番号37及び44で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target21_13_CpG_6.7は、配列番号13で示される塩基配列において塩基番号172及び174で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target21_13_CpG_13.14は、配列番号13で示される塩基配列において塩基番号253及び261で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。ヒト大腸がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)におけるCGのメチル化割合はヒト大腸健常組織ゲノムDNA(N01およびN02)に比して高かった。
 図38は、ヒト大腸健常組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(N01およびN02)およびヒト大腸がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)について配列番号14で示される塩基配列からなる目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化DNA割合をMassARRAY解析により測定した結果を示している。図中のTarget23_11_CpG及び図下のバーのTarget23_11は、配列番号14で示される塩基配列からなるDNAを示し、バーの上側の目盛は配列番号14における塩基番号を示し、バーの下側の目盛は、配列番号14で示される塩基配列におけるメチル化されうるシトシンの位置を示す。
Target23_11_CpG_6及びTarget23_11_CpG_8は、それぞれ、配列番号14で示される塩基配列において塩基番号116及び257で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。Target23_11_CpG_1.2は、配列番号14で示される塩基配列において塩基番号27及び32で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。
Target23_11_CpG_4.5は、配列番号14で示される塩基配列において塩基番号109及び112で示される2つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。ヒト大腸がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)におけるCGのメチル化割合はヒト大腸健常組織ゲノムDNA(N01およびN02)に比して高かった。
 図39は、ヒト大腸健常組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(N01およびN02)およびヒト大腸がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)について配列番号15で示される塩基配列からなる目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化DNA割合をMassARRAY解析により測定した結果を示している。図中のTarget33_9_CpG及び図下のバーのTarget33_9は、配列番号15で示される塩基配列からなるDNAを示し、バーの上側の目盛は配列番号15における塩基番号を示し、バーの下側の目盛は、配列番号15で示される塩基配列におけるメチル化されうるシトシンの位置を示す。
Target33_9_CpG_1、Target33_9_CpG_2、Target33_9_CpG_3、Target33_9_CpG_8、Target33_9_CpG_9、Target33_9_CpG_10、Target33_9_CpG_11、Target33_9_CpG_12、Target33_9_CpG_14、Target33_9_CpG_15及びTarget33_9_CpG_16は、それぞれ、配列番号15で示される塩基配列において塩基番号29、35、56、92、108、133、157、171、235、252及び266で示されるシトシンを示す。Target33_9_CpG_4.5.6.7は、配列番号15で示される塩基配列において塩基番号65、67、71及び74で示される4つのシトシンの平均のメチル化割合の測定結果を示す。ヒト大腸がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)におけるCGのメチル化割合はヒト大腸健常組織ゲノムDNA(N01およびN02)に比して高かった。
FIG. 1 shows the methylation in the target DNA region consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 for human breast gland healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04). The result of having measured the ratio of oxydized DNA by MassARRAY analysis is shown. Target02_3_CpG in the figure and Target02_3 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 1, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 is shown. Target02_3_CpG_1, Target02_3_CpG_3, Target02_3_CpG_4, Target02_3_CpG_5, Target02_3_CpG_8, Target02_3_CpG_9, Target02_3_CpG_10 and Target02_3_CpG_11, respectively cytosines represented by base No. 109,163,176,218,247,257,286 and 391 in the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 The measurement result of a methylation ratio is shown. Target02 — 3_CpG — 6.7 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 226 and 228 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1. The percentage of CG methylation in human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human breast healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
FIG. 2 shows the methylation in the target DNA region consisting of the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 for human breast gland healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04). The result of having measured the ratio of oxydized DNA by MassARRAY analysis is shown. Target03_9_CpG in the figure and Target03_9 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 2, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 is shown. Target03_9_CpG_6 and Target03_9_CpG_7 indicate the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios indicated by base numbers 383 and 391 in the base sequence indicated by SEQ ID NO: 2, respectively. Target03_9_CpG_1.2 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 55 and 60 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2. The percentage of CG methylation in human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human breast healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
FIG. 3 shows the methylation in the target DNA region consisting of the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 for human breast gland healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04). The result of having measured the ratio of oxydized DNA by MassARRAY analysis is shown. Target 04_19_CpG in the figure and Target 04_19 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 3, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 is shown. Target04_19_CpG_4 and Target04_19_CpG_5 show the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios shown in base numbers 133 and 138 in the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, respectively.
Target04_19_CpG_2.3 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 113 and 119 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3. The percentage of CG methylation in human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human breast healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
FIG. 4 shows the methylation in the target DNA region consisting of the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6 for human breast gland healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04). The result of having measured the ratio of oxydized DNA by MassARRAY analysis is shown. Target09_15_CpG in the figure and Target09_15 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6, the scale above the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 6, and the scale below the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6 is shown. Target09_15_CpG_1, Target09_15_CpG_2, Target09_15_CpG_6 and Target09_15_CpG_14 indicate the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios indicated by base numbers 27, 43, 118 and 220 in the base sequence indicated by SEQ ID NO: 6, respectively. Target09_15_CpG_4.5 indicates the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 97 and 102 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6. Target09_15_CpG_7.8 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 131 and 138 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6. Target09_15_CpG_9.10 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 152 and 157 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6.
Target09_15_CpG_12.13 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 213 and 216 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6.
Target09_15_CpG_15.16 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 229 and 234 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6. The percentage of CG methylation in human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human breast healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
FIG. 5 shows the methylation in the target DNA region consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 7 for human breast gland healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04). The result of having measured the ratio of oxydized DNA by MassARRAY analysis is shown. Target 10_9_CpG in the figure and Target 10_9 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 7, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7 is shown. Target10_9_CpG_3, Target10_9_CpG_6, Target10_9_CpG_8, and Target10_9_CpG_9 indicate the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios indicated by base numbers 106, 140, 174, and 237 in the base sequence indicated by SEQ ID NO: 7, respectively. Target10_9_CpG_4.5 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 116 and 118 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7. The percentage of CG methylation in human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human breast healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
FIG. 6 shows the methylation in the target DNA region consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 8 for human breast gland healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04). The result of having measured the ratio of oxydized DNA by MassARRAY analysis is shown. Target 11 — 3_CpG in the figure and Target 11 — 3 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 8, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates: The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8 is shown. Target11_3_CpG_1, Target11_3_CpG_5, Target11_3_CpG_6, and Target11_3_CpG_8 indicate the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios represented by base numbers 54, 240, 295, and 420 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8, respectively. Target 11 — 3_CpG — 3.4 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 169 and 172 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8. The percentage of CG methylation in human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human breast healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
FIG. 7 shows the methylation in the target DNA region consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 for human breast gland healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04). The result of having measured the ratio of oxydized DNA by MassARRAY analysis is shown. Target12_3_CpG in the figure and Target12_3 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 9, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 is shown. Target12_3_CpG_2, Target12_3_CpG_4, Target12_3_CpG_8, Target12_3_CpG_10, and Target12_3_CpG_12 have the base numbers 233, 326, 408, 453, and the results of the base numbers indicated by SEQ ID NO: 9. Target12_3_CpG_5.6 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 378 and 383 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9. The percentage of CG methylation in human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human breast healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
FIG. 8 shows the methylation in the target DNA region consisting of the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 10 for human breast gland healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04). The result of having measured the ratio of oxydized DNA by MassARRAY analysis is shown. Target 15_4_CpG in the figure and Target 15_4 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 10, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10 is shown.
Target15_4_CpG_3, Target15_4_CpG_4, Target15_4_CpG_10, Target15_4_CpG_11 and Target15_4_CpG_12 have the base numbers 78, 129, 264, 297 and 335, respectively, in the base sequence indicated by SEQ ID NO. Target 15 — 4_CpG — 1.2 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 69 and 72 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10.
Target 15 — 4_CpG — 6.7 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 159 and 161 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10.
Target 15 — 4_CpG — 8.9 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 232 and 235 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10. The percentage of CG methylation in human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human breast healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
FIG. 9 shows the methylation in the target DNA region consisting of the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 11 for human breast gland healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04). The result of having measured the ratio of oxydized DNA by MassARRAY analysis is shown. Target 18_1_CpG in the figure and Target 18_1 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 11, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates: The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11 is shown.
Target18_1_CpG_1, Target18_1_CpG_2, Target18_1_CpG_3, Target18_1_CpG_4, Target18_1_CpG_7, Target18_1_CpG_14, Target18_1_CpG_19, Target18_1_CpG_20, Target18_1_CpG_23 and Target18_1_CpG_26, respectively, nucleotide numbers 37,52,64,80,117,216,314,327 in the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11, The measurement result of the methylation ratio of cytosine shown by 379 and 411 is shown. Target18_1_CpG_5.6 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 102 and 104 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11. Target18_1_CpG — 9.10.11 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of three cytosines represented by base numbers 164, 170 and 173 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11. Target18_1_CpG — 12.13 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 198 and 201 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11. Target18_1_CpG — 15.16 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 274 and 277 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11.
Target18_1_CpG — 17.18 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 296 and 307 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11.
Target18_1_CpG — 24.25 indicates the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 401 and 403 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11. The percentage of CG methylation in human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human breast healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
FIG. 10 shows methyls in the target DNA region consisting of the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 12 for human breast gland healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04). The result of having measured the ratio of oxydized DNA by MassARRAY analysis is shown. Target 19_2_CpG in the figure and Target 19_2 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12, the scale above the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 12, and the scale below the bar indicates: The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12 is shown.
Target19_2_CpG_5, Target19_2_CpG_6, Target19_2_CpG_9, Target19_2_CpG_12, Target19_2_CpG_13, Target19_2_CpG_14, Target19_2_CpG_15, Target19_2_CpG_17, Target19_2_CpG_23 and Target19_2_CpG_24, respectively, nucleotide numbers 95,108,160,192,252,275,287,317 in the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12, The measurement result of the methylation rate of cytosine shown by 413 and 421 is shown. Target19_2_CpG_1.2 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 55 and 58 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12. Target19_2_CpG_3.4 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 77 and 88 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12. Target 19_2_CpG — 10.11 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 182 and 184 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12.
Target 19_2_CpG — 19.20.21 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of three cytosines represented by base numbers 359, 362 and 368 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12. The percentage of CG methylation in human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human breast healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
FIG. 11 shows the methylation in the target DNA region consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 13 for human breast gland healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04). The result of having measured the ratio of oxydized DNA by MassARRAY analysis is shown. Target 21_13_CpG in the figure and Target 21_13 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 13, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 13, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13 is shown.
Target21_13_CpG_3, Target21_13_CpG_4, Target21_13_CpG_8, Target21_13_CpG_9, Target21_13_CpG_10, Target21_13_CpG_11, Target21_13_CpG_12, Target21_13_CpG_15, Target21_13_CpG_16, Target21_13_CpG_17, Target21_13_CpG_18 and Target21_13_CpG_19, respectively, nucleotide numbers 72,136,181,193,207,227 in the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13, The measurement result of the methylation rate of cytosine shown by 241, 285, 305, 338, 359 and 384 is shown. Target 21 — 13_CpG — 1.2 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 37 and 44 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13. Target 21 — 13_CpG — 6.7 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 172 and 174 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13. Target 21 — 13_CpG — 13.14 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 253 and 261 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13. The percentage of CG methylation in human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human breast healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
FIG. 12 shows methyls in the target DNA region consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 14 for human breast gland healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04). The result of having measured the ratio of oxydized DNA by MassARRAY analysis is shown. Target 23 — 11_CpG in the figure and Target 23 — 11 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 14, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 14, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates: The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 14 is shown.
Target23_11_CpG_6 and Target23_11_CpG_8 indicate the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios indicated by base numbers 116 and 257 in the base sequence indicated by SEQ ID NO: 14, respectively. Target 23 — 11_CpG — 1.2 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 27 and 32 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 14.
Target 23 — 11_CpG — 4.5 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 109 and 112 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 14. The percentage of CG methylation in human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human breast healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
FIG. 13 shows the methylation in the target DNA region consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 16 for human breast gland healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04). The result of having measured the ratio of oxydized DNA by MassARRAY analysis is shown. Target 40_18_CpG in the figure and Target 40_18 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 16, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 16, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 16 is shown.
Target40_18_CpG_3 and Target40_18_CpG_5 indicate the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios indicated by base numbers 148 and 243 in the base sequence indicated by SEQ ID NO: 16, respectively. The percentage of CG methylation in human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human breast healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
FIG. 14 is intended to consist of the base sequences represented by SEQ ID NO: 17 and SEQ ID NO: 18 for human breast healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04). The result of having measured the methylated DNA ratio in a DNA area | region by MassARRAY analysis is shown. Target 41_10_CpG in the figure and Target 41_10 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 17, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 17, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 17 is shown. Target41_10_CpG_1, Target41_10_CpG3, and Target41_10_CpG_6 indicate the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios indicated by base numbers 42, 72, and 185 in the base sequence indicated by SEQ ID NO: 17, respectively. Target 41 — 10_CpG — 7.8 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 206 and 211 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 17. Target 41_17 represents DNA having the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 18, the scale above the bar represents the base number in SEQ ID NO: 18, and the scale below the bar represents methyl in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 18. The position of cytosine that can be converted is shown. Target41_17_CpG_2, Target41_17_CpG_6, Target41_17_CpG_7, Target41_17_CpG_8, and Target41_17_CpG_9 represent the base numbers 49, 254, 277, 305, and 333, respectively, in the base sequence indicated by SEQ ID NO: 18. Target41_17_CpG_3.4 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 58 and 61 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 18. The percentage of CG methylation in human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human breast healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
FIG. 15 shows methyls in the target DNA region consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19 for human breast gland healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04). The result of having measured the ratio of oxydized DNA by MassARRAY analysis is shown. Target 44_9_CpG in the figure and Target 44_9 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 19, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19 is shown.
Target44_9_CpG_4, Target44_9_CpG_5, Target44_9_CpG_6, Target44_9_CpG_8, Target44_9_CpG_9, Target44_9_CpG_11, Target44_9_CpG_12, Target44_9_CpG_20, Target44_9_CpG_21, Target44_9_CpG_27 and Target44_9_CpG_28, respectively, nucleotide numbers 102,116,124,188,206,221,241 in the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19, The measurement result of the methylation ratio of cytosine shown by 315, 321, 410 and 425 is shown.
Target 44 — 9_CpG — 13.14 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 254 and 258 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19.
Target 44 — 9_CpG — 16.17 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 286 and 288 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19.
Target 44_9_CpG — 18.19 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 297 and 303 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19.
Target44_9_CpG_22.23 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 333 and 335 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19.
Target 44 — 9_CpG — 25.26 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 389 and 392 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19.
Target44_9_CpG_29.30 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 435 and 438 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19.
Target 44_9_CpG — 32.33 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 453 and 456 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19. The percentage of CG methylation in human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human breast healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
FIG. 16 shows methylated DNA in a target DNA region comprising the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 for human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03). The result of having measured the ratio by MassARRAY analysis is shown. Target02_3_CpG in the figure and Target02_3 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 1, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 is shown. Target02_3_CpG_1, Target02_3_CpG_3, Target02_3_CpG_4, Target02_3_CpG_5, Target02_3_CpG_8, Target02_3_CpG_9, Target02_3_CpG_10 and Target02_3_CpG_11, respectively cytosines represented by base No. 109,163,176,218,247,257,286 and 391 in the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 The measurement result of a methylation ratio is shown. Target02 — 3_CpG — 6.7 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 226 and 228 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1. The CG methylation rate in human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03) was higher than that in human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
FIG. 17 shows methylated DNA in a target DNA region comprising the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3 for human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03). The result of having measured the ratio by MassARRAY analysis is shown. Target 04_19_CpG in the figure and Target 04_19 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 3, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 is shown. Target04_19_CpG_4 and Target04_19_CpG_5 show the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios shown in base numbers 133 and 138 in the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, respectively.
Target04_19_CpG_2.3 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 113 and 119 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3. The CG methylation rate in human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03) was higher than that in human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
FIG. 18 shows methylated DNA in a target DNA region comprising the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4 for human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03). The result of having measured the ratio by MassARRAY analysis is shown. Target06_21_CpG in the figure and Target06_21 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4, the scale above the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 4, and the scale below the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4 is shown. Target06_21_CpG_1, Target06_21_CpG_3 and Target06_21_CpG_6 indicate the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios indicated by base numbers 69, 113 and 265 in the base sequence indicated by SEQ ID NO: 4, respectively. The CG methylation rate in human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03) was higher than that in human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
FIG. 19 shows methylated DNA in a target DNA region comprising the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6 for human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03). The result of having measured the ratio by MassARRAY analysis is shown. In the figure, Target09_15_CpG below the bar Target09_15 indicates the DNA comprising the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6, the scale above the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 6, and the scale below the bar indicates the sequence The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence shown by No. 6 is shown. Target09_15_CpG_1, Target09_15_CpG_2, Target09_15_CpG_6 and Target09_15_CpG_14 indicate the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios indicated by base numbers 27, 43, 118 and 220 in the base sequence indicated by SEQ ID NO: 6, respectively. Target09_15_CpG_4.5 indicates the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 97 and 102 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6. Target09_15_CpG_7.8 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 131 and 138 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6. Target09_15_CpG_9.10 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 152 and 157 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6.
Target09_15_CpG_12.13 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 213 and 216 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6.
Target09_15_CpG_15.16 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 229 and 234 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6. The CG methylation rate in human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03) was higher than that in human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
FIG. 20 shows methylated DNA in a target DNA region comprising the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8 for human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03). The result of having measured the ratio by MassARRAY analysis is shown. Target 11 — 3_CpG in the figure and Target 11 — 3 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 8, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates: The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8 is shown. Target11_3_CpG_1, Target11_3_CpG_5, Target11_3_CpG_6, and Target11_3_CpG_8 indicate the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios represented by base numbers 54, 240, 295, and 420 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8, respectively. Target 11 — 3_CpG — 3.4 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 169 and 172 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8. The CG methylation rate in human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03) was higher than that in human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
FIG. 21 shows methylated DNA in a target DNA region comprising the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10 for human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03). The result of having measured the ratio by MassARRAY analysis is shown. Target 15_4_CpG in the figure and Target 15_4 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 10, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10 is shown. Target15_4_CpG_3, Target15_4_CpG_4, Target15_4_CpG_10, Target15_4_CpG_11 and Target15_4_CpG_12 have the base numbers 78, 129, 264, 297 and 335, respectively, in the base sequence indicated by SEQ ID NO.
Target 15 — 4_CpG — 1.2 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 69 and 72 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10.
Target 15 — 4_CpG — 6.7 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 159 and 161 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10.
Target 15 — 4_CpG — 8.9 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 232 and 235 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10. The CG methylation rate in human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03) was higher than that in human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
FIG. 22 shows methylated DNA in a target DNA region comprising the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11 for human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03). The result of having measured the ratio by MassARRAY analysis is shown. Target 18_1_CpG in the figure and Target 18_1 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 11, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates: The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11 is shown. Target18_1_CpG_1, Target18_1_CpG_2, Target18_1_CpG_3, Target18_1_CpG_4, Target18_1_CpG_7, Target18_1_CpG_14, Target18_1_CpG_19, Target18_1_CpG_20, Target18_1_CpG_23 and Target18_1_CpG_26, respectively, nucleotide numbers 37,52,64,80,117,216,314,327 in the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11, The measurement result of the methylation ratio of cytosine shown by 379 and 411 is shown. Target18_1_CpG_5.6 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 102 and 104 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11. Target18_1_CpG — 9.10.11 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of three cytosines represented by base numbers 164, 170 and 173 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11. Target18_1_CpG — 12.13 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 198 and 201 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11.
Target18_1_CpG — 15.16 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 274 and 277 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11.
Target18_1_CpG — 17.18 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 296 and 307 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11.
Target18_1_CpG — 24.25 indicates the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 401 and 403 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11. The CG methylation rate in human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03) was higher than that in human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
FIG. 23 shows methylated DNA in a target DNA region comprising the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12 for human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03). The result of having measured the ratio by MassARRAY analysis is shown. Target 19_2_CpG in the figure and Target 19_2 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12, the scale above the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 12, and the scale below the bar indicates: The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12 is shown. Target19_2_CpG_5, Target19_2_CpG_6, Target19_2_CpG_9, Target19_2_CpG_12, Target19_2_CpG_13, Target19_2_CpG_14, Target19_2_CpG_15, Target19_2_CpG_17, Target19_2_CpG_23 and Target19_2_CpG_24, respectively, nucleotide numbers 95,108,160,192,252,275,287,317 in the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12, The measurement result of the methylation rate of cytosine shown by 413 and 421 is shown. Target19_2_CpG_1.2 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 55 and 58 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12. Target19_2_CpG_3.4 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 77 and 88 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12.
Target 19_2_CpG — 10.11 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 182 and 184 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12.
Target 19_2_CpG — 19.20.21 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of three cytosines represented by base numbers 359, 362 and 368 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12. The CG methylation rate in human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03) was higher than that in human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
FIG. 24 shows methylated DNA in a target DNA region comprising the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13 for human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03). The result of having measured the ratio by MassARRAY analysis is shown. Target 21_13_CpG in the figure and Target 21_13 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 13, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 13, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13 is shown.
Target21_13_CpG_3, Target21_13_CpG_4, Target21_13_CpG_8, Target21_13_CpG_9, Target21_13_CpG_10, Target21_13_CpG_11, Target21_13_CpG_12, Target21_13_CpG_15, Target21_13_CpG_16, Target21_13_CpG_17, Target21_13_CpG_18 and Target21_13_CpG_19, respectively, nucleotide numbers 72,136,181,193,207,227 in the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13, The measurement result of the methylation rate of cytosine shown by 241, 285, 305, 338, 359 and 384 is shown. Target 21 — 13_CpG — 1.2 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 37 and 44 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13. Target 21 — 13_CpG — 6.7 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 172 and 174 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13. Target 21 — 13_CpG — 13.14 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 253 and 261 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13. The CG methylation rate in human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03) was higher than that in human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
FIG. 25 shows methylated DNA in a target DNA region comprising the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 15 for human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03). The result of having measured the ratio by MassARRAY analysis is shown. Target 33_9_CpG in the figure and Target 39_9 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 15, the scale above the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 15, and the scale below the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 15 is shown. Target33_9_CpG_1, Target33_9_CpG_2, Target33_9_CpG_3, Target33_9_CpG_8, Target33_9_CpG_9, Target33_9_CpG_10, Target33_9_CpG_11, Target33_9_CpG_12, Target33_9_CpG_14, Target33_9_CpG_15 and Target33_9_CpG_16, respectively, nucleotide numbers 29,35,56,92,108,133,157 in the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 15, The cytosines shown at 171, 235, 252 and 266 are shown. Target33_9_CpG_4.5.6.7 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of four cytosines represented by base numbers 65, 67, 71 and 74 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 15. The CG methylation rate in human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03) was higher than that in human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
FIG. 26 shows methylated DNA in a target DNA region comprising the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 16 for human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03). The result of having measured the ratio by MassARRAY analysis is shown. Target 40_18_CpG in the figure and Target 40_18 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 16, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 16, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 16 is shown.
Target40_18_CpG_3 and Target40_18_CpG_5 indicate the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios indicated by base numbers 148 and 243 in the base sequence indicated by SEQ ID NO: 16, respectively. The CG methylation rate in human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03) was higher than that in human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
FIG. 27 shows methylated DNA in a target DNA region comprising the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19 for human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03). The result of having measured the ratio by MassARRAY analysis is shown. Target 44_9_CpG in the figure and Target 44_9 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 19, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19 is shown. Target44_9_CpG_4, Target44_9_CpG_5, Target44_9_CpG_6, Target44_9_CpG_8, Target44_9_CpG_9, Target44_9_CpG_11, Target44_9_CpG_12, Target44_9_CpG_20, Target44_9_CpG_21, Target44_9_CpG_27 and Target44_9_CpG_28, respectively, nucleotide numbers 102,116,124,188,206,221,241 in the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19, The measurement result of the methylation ratio of cytosine shown by 315, 321, 410 and 425 is shown. Target 44 — 9_CpG — 13.14 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 254 and 258 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19. Target 44 — 9_CpG — 16.17 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 286 and 288 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19. Target 44_9_CpG — 18.19 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 297 and 303 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19. Target44_9_CpG_22.23 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 333 and 335 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19. Target 44 — 9_CpG — 25.26 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 389 and 392 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19.
Target44_9_CpG_29.30 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 435 and 438 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19.
Target 44_9_CpG — 32.33 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 453 and 456 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19. The CG methylation rate in human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03) was higher than that in human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
FIG. 28 shows a target DNA region consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 for human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04). The result of having measured the ratio of methylated DNA in is by MassARRAY analysis is shown. Target02_3_CpG in the figure and Target02_3 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 1, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 is shown.
Target02_3_CpG_1, Target02_3_CpG_3, Target02_3_CpG_4, Target02_3_CpG_5, Target02_3_CpG_8, Target02_3_CpG_9, Target02_3_CpG_10 and Target02_3_CpG_11, respectively cytosines represented by base No. 109,163,176,218,247,257,286 and 391 in the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 The measurement result of a methylation ratio is shown.
Target02 — 3_CpG — 6.7 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 226 and 228 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1. The CG methylation rate in human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
FIG. 29 shows a target DNA region consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 for human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04). The result of having measured the ratio of methylated DNA in is by MassARRAY analysis is shown. Target 04_19_CpG in the figure and Target 04_19 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 3, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 is shown.
Target04_19_CpG_4 and Target04_19_CpG_5 show the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios shown in base numbers 133 and 138 in the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, respectively. Target04_19_CpG_2.3 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 113 and 119 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3. The CG methylation rate in human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
FIG. 30 shows a target DNA region consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5 for human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04). The result of having measured the ratio of methylated DNA in is by MassARRAY analysis is shown. Target08_6_CpG in the figure and Target08_6 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 5, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 5 is shown.
Target08_6_CpG_1, Target08_6_CpG_2, Target08_6_CpG_3, and Target08_6_CpG_5 represent the cytosine methylation ratio measurement results represented by base numbers 184, 212, 263, and 24 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5, respectively. The CG methylation rate in human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
FIG. 31 shows a target DNA region comprising the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6 for human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04). The result of having measured the ratio of methylated DNA in is by MassARRAY analysis is shown. Target09_15_CpG in the figure and Target09_15 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6, the scale above the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 6, and the scale below the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6 is shown.
Target09_15_CpG_1, Target09_15_CpG_2, Target09_15_CpG_6 and Target09_15_CpG_14 indicate the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios indicated by base numbers 27, 43, 118 and 220 in the base sequence indicated by SEQ ID NO: 6, respectively.
Target09_15_CpG_4.5 indicates the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 97 and 102 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6.
Target09_15_CpG_7.8 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 131 and 138 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6.
Target09_15_CpG_9.10 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 152 and 157 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6.
Target09_15_CpG_12.13 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 213 and 216 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6.
Target09_15_CpG_15.16 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 229 and 234 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6. The CG methylation rate in human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
FIG. 32 shows a target DNA region comprising the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7 for human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04). The result of having measured the ratio of methylated DNA in is by MassARRAY analysis is shown. Target 10_9_CpG in the figure and Target 10_9 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 7, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7 is shown.
Target10_9_CpG_3, Target10_9_CpG_6, Target10_9_CpG_8, and Target10_9_CpG_9 indicate the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios indicated by base numbers 106, 140, 174, and 237 in the base sequence indicated by SEQ ID NO: 7, respectively. Target10_9_CpG_4.5 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 116 and 118 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7. The CG methylation rate in human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
FIG. 33 shows a target DNA region consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 9 for human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04). The result of having measured the ratio of methylated DNA in is by MassARRAY analysis is shown. Target12_3_CpG in the figure and Target12_3 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 9, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 is shown.
Target12_3_CpG_2, Target12_3_CpG_4, Target12_3_CpG_8, Target12_3_CpG_10, and Target12_3_CpG_12 have the base numbers 233, 326, 408, 453, and the results of the base numbers indicated by SEQ ID NO: 9.
Target12_3_CpG_5.6 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 378 and 383 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9. The CG methylation rate in human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
FIG. 34 shows a target DNA region comprising the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10 for human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04). The result of having measured the ratio of methylated DNA in is by MassARRAY analysis is shown. Target 15_4_CpG in the figure and Target 15_4 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 10, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10 is shown.
Target15_4_CpG_3, Target15_4_CpG_4, Target15_4_CpG_10, Target15_4_CpG_11 and Target15_4_CpG_12 have the base numbers 78, 129, 264, 297 and 335, respectively, in the base sequence indicated by SEQ ID NO. Target 15 — 4_CpG — 1.2 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 69 and 72 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10.
Target 15 — 4_CpG — 6.7 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 159 and 161 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10.
Target 15 — 4_CpG — 8.9 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 232 and 235 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10. The CG methylation rate in human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
FIG. 35 shows a target DNA region comprising the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 11 for human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04). The result of having measured the ratio of methylated DNA in is by MassARRAY analysis is shown. Target 18_1_CpG in the figure and Target 18_1 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 11, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates: The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11 is shown.
Target18_1_CpG_1, Target18_1_CpG_2, Target18_1_CpG_3, Target18_1_CpG_4, Target18_1_CpG_7, Target18_1_CpG_14, Target18_1_CpG_19, Target18_1_CpG_20, Target18_1_CpG_23 and Target18_1_CpG_26, respectively, nucleotide numbers 37,52,64,80,117,216,314,327 in the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11, The measurement result of the methylation ratio of cytosine shown by 379 and 411 is shown. Target18_1_CpG_5.6 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 102 and 104 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11. Target18_1_CpG — 9.10.11 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of three cytosines represented by base numbers 164, 170 and 173 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11. Target18_1_CpG — 12.13 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 198 and 201 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11. Target18_1_CpG — 15.16 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 274 and 277 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11.
Target18_1_CpG — 17.18 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 296 and 307 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11.
Target18_1_CpG — 24.25 indicates the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 401 and 403 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11. The CG methylation rate in human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
FIG. 36 shows a target DNA region consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 12 for human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04). The result of having measured the ratio of methylated DNA in is by MassARRAY analysis is shown. Target 19_2_CpG in the figure and Target 19_2 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12, the scale above the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 12, and the scale below the bar indicates: The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12 is shown.
Target19_2_CpG_5, Target19_2_CpG_6, Target19_2_CpG_9, Target19_2_CpG_12, Target19_2_CpG_13, Target19_2_CpG_14, Target19_2_CpG_15, Target19_2_CpG_17, Target19_2_CpG_23 and Target19_2_CpG_24, respectively, nucleotide numbers 95,108,160,192,252,275,287,317 in the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12, The measurement result of the methylation rate of cytosine shown by 413 and 421 is shown. Target19_2_CpG_1.2 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 55 and 58 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12. Target19_2_CpG_3.4 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 77 and 88 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12. Target 19_2_CpG — 10.11 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 182 and 184 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12.
Target 19_2_CpG — 19.20.21 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of three cytosines represented by base numbers 359, 362 and 368 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12. The CG methylation rate in human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
FIG. 37 shows a target DNA region comprising the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13 for human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04). The result of having measured the ratio of methylated DNA in is by MassARRAY analysis is shown. Target 21_13_CpG in the figure and Target 21_13 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 13, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 13, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13 is shown.
Target21_13_CpG_3, Target21_13_CpG_4, Target21_13_CpG_8, Target21_13_CpG_9, Target21_13_CpG_10, Target21_13_CpG_11, Target21_13_CpG_12, Target21_13_CpG_15, Target21_13_CpG_16, Target21_13_CpG_17, Target21_13_CpG_18 and Target21_13_CpG_19, respectively, nucleotide numbers 72,136,181,193,207,227 in the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13, The measurement result of the methylation rate of cytosine shown by 241, 285, 305, 338, 359 and 384 is shown. Target 21 — 13_CpG — 1.2 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 37 and 44 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13. Target 21 — 13_CpG — 6.7 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 172 and 174 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13. Target 21 — 13_CpG — 13.14 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 253 and 261 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13. The CG methylation rate in human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
FIG. 38 shows a target DNA region consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 14 for human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04). The result of having measured the ratio of methylated DNA in is by MassARRAY analysis is shown. Target 23 — 11_CpG in the figure and Target 23 — 11 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 14, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 14, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates: The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 14 is shown.
Target23_11_CpG_6 and Target23_11_CpG_8 indicate the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios indicated by base numbers 116 and 257 in the base sequence indicated by SEQ ID NO: 14, respectively. Target 23 — 11_CpG — 1.2 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 27 and 32 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 14.
Target 23 — 11_CpG — 4.5 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of two cytosines represented by base numbers 109 and 112 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 14. The CG methylation rate in human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
FIG. 39 shows a target DNA region comprising the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 15 for human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04). The result of having measured the ratio of methylated DNA in is by MassARRAY analysis is shown. Target 33_9_CpG in the figure and Target 33_9 in the lower bar indicate DNA consisting of the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 15, the scale on the upper side of the bar indicates the base number in SEQ ID NO: 15, and the scale on the lower side of the bar indicates The position of cytosine that can be methylated in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 15 is shown.
Target33_9_CpG_1, Target33_9_CpG_2, Target33_9_CpG_3, Target33_9_CpG_8, Target33_9_CpG_9, Target33_9_CpG_10, Target33_9_CpG_11, Target33_9_CpG_12, Target33_9_CpG_14, Target33_9_CpG_15 and Target33_9_CpG_16, respectively, nucleotide numbers 29,35,56,92,108,133,157 in the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 15, The cytosines shown at 171, 235, 252 and 266 are shown. Target33_9_CpG_4.5.6.7 shows the measurement result of the average methylation ratio of four cytosines represented by base numbers 65, 67, 71 and 74 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 15. The CG methylation rate in human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).

 以下に本発明を詳細に説明する。
 本発明は、癌マーカー(例えば、大腸癌マーカー、乳癌マーカー、肺癌マーカー等)としての、メチル化されたDNAの使用等に関連する発明である。
 本発明における「癌」は、例えば、肺癌(非小細胞肺癌、小細胞肺癌)、食道癌、胃癌、十二指腸癌、大腸癌、直腸癌、肝癌(肝細胞癌、胆管細胞癌)、胆嚢癌、胆管癌、膵癌、結腸癌、肛門癌、乳癌、子宮頸癌、子宮体癌、子宮癌、卵巣癌、外陰癌、膣癌、前立腺癌、腎臓癌、尿管癌、膀胱癌、前立腺癌、陰茎癌、精巣(睾丸)癌、上顎癌、舌癌、(上、中、下)咽頭癌、喉頭癌、急性骨髄性白血病、慢性骨髄性白血病、急性リンパ性白血病、慢性リンパ性白血病、悪性リンパ腫、骨髄異形成症候群、甲状腺癌、脳腫瘍、骨肉腫、皮膚癌(基底細胞癌、有棘細胞癌)等の、哺乳動物の臓器で発症する固形癌と、哺乳動物の血液で発症する非固形癌のいずれの癌も含む。
 本発明において、癌を発症した被験者を「癌患者」と記載し、癌を発症していない被験者を「非癌患者」と記載し、ヒトの組織の非癌部位又は癌を発症していない被験者から採取した組織を「正常組織」と記載し、癌を発症していない被験者から採取した血液を「正常血液」と記載することもある。
 本発明における「癌マーカー」としては、例えば、哺乳動物において癌が発生している組織及びその癌化度を間接的に把握しうる指標を挙げることができる。具体的には例えば、大腸癌マーカーとしては、大腸の癌の有無及び大腸癌の癌化度、良性若しくは悪性等と記載される癌の性質等を間接的に把握できる生体物質からなる指標を挙げることができる。
 本発明においてマーカーDNAとして用いられるDNAとしては、下記の塩基配列から選ばれる塩基配列を有する1以上のDNA(以下、本DNAという場合がある)を挙げることができる。
(a)配列番号1(Genbank Accession No.NT_022171.15,12175690−12176178,Homosapiens)で示された塩基配列又は配列番号1で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列
(b)配列番号1と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号1と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列
(c)配列番号2(Genbank Accession No.NT_005403.17,75486912−75487393,Homosapiens)で示された塩基配列又は配列番号2で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列
(d)配列番号2と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号2と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列
(e)配列番号3(Genbank Accession No.NT_005612.16,53571894−53571566,Homosapiens)で示された塩基配列又は配列番号3で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列
(f)配列番号3と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号3と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列
(g)配列番号4(Genbank Accession No.NT_006576.16,14316619−14316186,Homosapiens)で示された塩基配列又は配列番号4で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列
(h)配列番号4と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号4と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列
(i)配列番号5(Genbank Accession No.NT_029289.11,10354292−10354661,Homosapiens)で示された塩基配列又は配列番号5で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列
(j)配列番号5と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号5と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列
(k)配列番号6(Genbank Accession No.NT_007592.15,26661779−26661515,Homosapiens)で示された塩基配列又は配列番号6で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列
(l)配列番号6と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号6と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列
(m)配列番号7(Genbank Accession No.NT_113891.2,256579−256958,Homosapiens)で示された塩基配列又は配列番号7で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列
(n)配列番号7と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号7と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列
(o)配列番号8(Genbank Accession No.NT_007592.15,42159778−42160229,Homosapiens)で示された塩基配列又は配列番号8で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列
(p)配列番号8と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号8と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列
(q)配列番号9(Genbank Accession No.NT_007592.15,55383171−55383670,Homosapiens)で示された塩基配列又は配列番号9で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列
(r)配列番号9と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号9と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を示す塩基配列
(s)配列番号10(Genbank Accession No.NT_030059.13,30491593−30491957,Homosapiens)で示された塩基配列又は配列番号10で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列
(t)配列番号10と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号10と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列
(u)配列番号11(Genbank Accession No.NT_033899.8,28297833−28298273,Homosapiens)で示された塩基配列又は配列番号11で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列
(v)配列番号11と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号11と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列
(w)配列番号12(Genbank Accession No.NT_033899.8,28298052−28298521,Homosapiens)で示された塩基配列又は配列番号12で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列
(x)配列番号12と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号12と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列
(y)配列番号13(Genbank Accession No.NT_011362.10,24774687−24774253,Homosapiens)で示された塩基配列又は配列番号13で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列
(z)配列番号13と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号13と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列
(aa)配列番号14(Genbank Accession No.NT_011519.10,2547951−2548291,Homosapiens)で示された塩基配列又は配列番号14で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列
(ab)配列番号14と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号14と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列
(ac)配列番号15(Genbank Accession No.NT_004350.19,1161852−1162153,Homosapiens)で示された塩基配列又は配列番号15で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列
(ad)配列番号15と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号15と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列
(ae)配列番号16(Genbank Accession No.NT_016354.19,5428867−5428472,Homosapiens)で示された塩基配列又は配列番号16で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列
(af)配列番号16と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号16と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列
(ag)配列番号17(Genbank Accession No.NT_006576.16,17509792−17510071,Homosapiens)で示された塩基配列又は配列番号17で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列
(ah)配列番号17と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号17と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列
(ai)配列番号18(Genbank Accession No.NT_006576.16,17509828−17509379,Homosapiens)で示された塩基配列又は配列番号18で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列
(aj)配列番号18と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号18と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列
(ak)配列番号19(Genbank Accession No.NT_167187.1,9763431,9763927,Homosapiens)で示された塩基配列又は配列番号19で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列
(al)配列番号19と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号19と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列
 配列番号1から19で示される塩基配列は、NCBI(National Center for Biotechnology Information)に登録されている塩基配列であり、これらは、NCBIのWEBページ(URL;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)から、登録番号(Accession No)をもとに、データベースを検索することによって入手することができる。
 本DNAにおける、上記(a)~(al)の塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列としては、好ましくは90%以上、より好ましくは95%、98%もしくは99%以上の配列相同性を有する塩基配列があげられる。また、上記塩基配列に、生物の種差、個体差若しくは器官、組織間の差異等により天然に生じる変異による塩基の欠失、置換若しくは付加が生じた塩基配列を有するDNAも含まれる。
 また、本DNAにおける、上記(a)~(al)の塩基配列と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列としては、好ましくは、90%以上、より好ましくは95%、98%もしくは99%以上の配列相同性を有する塩基配列があげられる。また、上記塩基配列に、生物の種差、個体差若しくは器官、組織間の差異等により天然に生じる変異による塩基の欠失、置換若しくは付加が生じた塩基配列を有するDNAも含まれる。
 ここで、「相補的な塩基配列」とは、もとの塩基配列と塩基対を形成しうるような塩基配列をいい、「塩基対」とは、核酸の塩基のうち、アデニン(A)とチミン(T)、グアニン(G)とシトシン(C)が水素結合により対合したものをいう。
 哺乳動物では、遺伝子(ゲノムDNA)を構成する4種類の塩基のうち、シトシンのみがメチル化されるという現象がある。哺乳動物由来のゲノム上の塩基配列、例えば、配列番号1(Genbank Accession No.NT_022171.15,12175690−12176178,Homosapiens)で示される塩基配列を有するゲノムDNAでは、当該DNAの一部のシトシンがメチル化されている。そして、DNAのメチル化修飾は、5’−CG−3’で示される塩基配列(Cはシトシンを表し、Gはグアニンを表す。以下、当該塩基配列をCpGと記すこともある。)中のシトシンに限られる。シトシンにおいてメチル化される部位は、その5位である。細胞分裂に先立つDNA複製に際して、複製直後は鋳型鎖のCpG中のシトシンのみがメチル化された状態となるが、メチル基転移酵素の働きにより即座に新生鎖のCpG中のシトシンもメチル化される。従って、DNAのメチル化の状態は、DNA複製後も、新しい2組のDNAにそのまま引き継がれることになる。
 本発明評価方法の第一工程において「メチル化頻度」とは、例えば、調査対象となるCpG中のシトシンのメチル化の有無を複数のハプロイドについて調べたときの、当該シトシンがメチル化されているハプロイドの割合で表される。
 また本発明評価方法の第一工程において「(メチル化頻度)に相関関係がある指標値」としては、例えば、配列番号1(Genbank Accession No.NT_022171.15,12175690−12176178,Homo sapiens)で示される塩基配列を有するDNAの下流の遺伝子の発現産物の量(より具体的には、当該遺伝子の転写産物の量)または配列番号1から19のいずれかを有するDNAのメチル化によって発現量が減少する遺伝子の発現産物の量等をあげることができる。このような発現産物の量の場合には、上記メチル化頻度が高くなればそれに伴い減少するような負の相関関係が存在する。
 本発明評価方法の第一工程における哺乳動物由来の検体としては、生体試料をそのまま検体として用いてもよく、また、かかる生体試料から分離、分画、固定化等の種々の操作により調製された生体試料を検体として用いてもよい。このような検体としては、例えば、(a)哺乳動物由来の血液、体液、糞尿、体分泌物、細胞溶解液又は組織溶解液、(b)哺乳動物由来の血液、体液、糞尿、体分泌物、細胞溶解液及び組織溶解液からなる群より選ばれる一から抽出されたDNA、(c)哺乳動物由来の組織、細胞、組織溶解液及び細胞溶解液からなる群より選ばれる一から抽出されたRNAを鋳型として作製されたDNA等を挙げることができる。前記組織とは、血液、リンパ節等を含む広義の意味であり、前記体液とは血漿、血清、リンパ液等を意味し、前記体分泌物とは尿や乳汁等を意味する。
 癌が大腸癌である場合、被験動物から採取された大腸組織等をあげることができる。また、癌が乳癌である場合、被験動物から採取された乳房組織等をあげることができる。癌が肺癌である場合、被験動物から採取された肺組織等をあげることができる。哺乳動物由来の検体が血液、体液又は体分泌物等である場合には、定期健康診断や簡便な検査等で採取したものを利用することができる。
 本発明における「哺乳動物」としては、哺乳動物に属する動物の全てを挙げることができる。哺乳動物に属する動物とは、動物界 脊索動物門 脊椎動物亜門 哺乳綱(Mammalia)に分類される動物の総称である。より具体的には例えば、ヒト、サル、マーモセット、モルモット、ラット、マウス、ウシ、ヒツジ、イヌ、ネコ等を挙げることができる。
 本発明における「体液」としては、例えば、血漿や間質液のような、固体を構成する細胞間に存在する液体(多くの場合、固体の恒常性の維持機能を果たす)を挙げることができる。具体的には例えば、リンパ液、組織液(組織間液、細胞間液、間質液)、体腔液、漿膜腔液、胸水、腹水、心嚢液、脳脊髄液(髄液)、関節液(滑液)、眼房水(房水)、脳脊髄液、子宮内浸出液等を挙げることができる。
 本発明における「体分泌液」としては、例えば、外分泌腺からの分泌液を挙げることができる。具体的には例えば、唾液、胃液、胆汁、腸液、汗、涙、鼻水、精液、膣液、羊水、乳汁等挙げることができる。
 本発明における「細胞溶解液」としては、例えば、細胞培養用の10cmプレート等で培養した細胞(即ち、細胞株、初代培養細胞、血球細胞等)を破壊することにより得られる細胞内液を含む溶解液を挙げることができる。
 ここで、細胞膜を破壊する方法としては、例えば、超音波による方法、界面活性剤を用いる方法、アルカリ溶液を用いる方法等を挙げることができる。細胞を溶解するためには、様々な市販キット等を利用してもよい。
 具体的には例えば、10cmプレートでコンフルエントになるまで細胞を培養した後、培養液を捨てて、0.6mLのRIPAバッファー(1×TBS,1% nonidet P−40,0.5% sodium deo×ysholate,0.1% SDS,0.004% sodium azide)を10cmプレートに加える。4℃で15分間プレートをゆっくり揺り動かしてから、10cmプレート上の接着細胞を、スクレーパー等を用いて剥がし、プレート上の溶解液をマイクロチューブに移す。溶解液の1/10容量の10mg/mL PMSFを添加してから、氷上で30~60分間放置する。4℃で10分間、10,000×gで遠心することにより、上清を細胞溶解液として取得する。
 本発明における「組織溶解液」としては、例えば、哺乳動物等の動物から採取した組織中の細胞を破壊することにより得られる細胞内液を含む溶解液を挙げることができる。
 具体的には例えば、哺乳動物から取得した組織の重量を測定した後、カミソリ等を用いて組織を小片に裁断する。凍結組織をスライスする場合には、更に小さい小片にする必要がある。裁断後、氷冷RIPAバッファー(プロテアーゼインヒビター、フォスファターゼインヒビター等を添加してもよく、例えば、RIPAバッファーの1/10容量の10mg/mL PMSFを添加しても良い)を組織1gあたり3mLの比率で添加し、4℃でホモジナイズする。ホモジナイズには、ソニケーターや加圧型細胞破砕装置を用いる。ホモジナイズの作業では、溶液を常に4℃に維持し、発熱を抑えるようにする。ホモジナイズ液を、マイクロチューブに移して、4℃で10分間、10,000×gで遠心することにより、上清を組織溶解液として取得する。
 本発明評価方法の第一工程において、哺乳動物由来の検体に含まれる本DNAのメチル化頻度又はそれに相関関係がある指標値を測定する方法は、例えば、以下のように行う。
 第一の方法として、目的とするDNAを亜硫酸水素ナトリウム等の重亜硫酸塩で処理した後、解析対象とするシトシンのメチル化の有無を識別可能なプライマーを用いてPCR法で増幅し、得られる増幅産物の量を調べる方法をあげることができる。
 まず哺乳動物由来の検体から、例えば、市販のDNA抽出用キット等を用いてDNAを抽出する。
 血液を検体として用いる場合には、血液から通常の方法に準じて血漿又は血清を調製し、調製された血漿又は血清を検体としてその中に含まれる遊離DNA(大腸癌細胞等の癌細胞由来のDNAが含まれる)を分析すると、血球由来のDNAを避けて大腸癌細胞等の癌細胞由来のDNAを解析することができ、大腸癌細胞等の癌細胞、それを含む組織等を検出する感度を向上させることができる。
 次いで、抽出されたDNAを、非メチル化シトシンを修飾する試薬と接触させた後、本DNAのプロモーター領域、非翻訳領域又は翻訳領域(コーディング領域)の塩基配列中に存在する一つ以上のCpGで示される塩基配列中のシトシンを含むDNAを、解析対象とするシトシンのメチル化の有無を識別可能なプライマーを用いてポリメラーゼチェイン反応(以下、PCRと記す。)で増幅し、得られる増幅産物の量を調べる。
 非メチル化シトシンを修飾する試薬(即ち、メチル化シトシンを修飾せずに非メチル化シトシンを選択的に修飾する試薬)としては、シトシンと5−メチルシトシンとの化学的性質の違いを利用することにより非メチル化シトシンを修飾する試薬であればよく、例えば、亜硫酸水素ナトリウム等の重亜硫酸塩(bisulfite)等を用いることができる。原理的には、メチル化シトシンのみを特異的に修飾する試薬を用いても良い。
 抽出されたゲノムDNA試料を可能な限り均一に非メチル化シトシンを修飾する試薬に接触させるには、ゲノムDNAの変性を行う必要がある。例えば、まず当該DNAをアルカリ溶液(pH9~14)で変性した後、亜硫酸水素ナトリウム等の重亜硫酸塩(bisulfite)(溶液中の濃度:例えば、終濃度3M)等で約10~16時間(一晩)程度、55℃で処理する。反応を促進するため、95℃での変性と、50℃での反応を10−20回繰り返すことも出来る。この場合、メチル化されていないシトシンはウラシルに変換され、一方、メチル化されているシトシンはウラシルに変換されず、シトシンのままである(Furuichiら、Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.41:1185~1191、1970)。
 亜硫酸水素ナトリウム等の重亜硫酸塩での処理に次いで、塩基配列中に存在する一つ以上のCpGで示される塩基配列中のシトシンを含むDNAを、解析対象とするシトシンのメチル化の有無を識別可能なプライマーを用いてPCR法で増幅し、得られる増幅産物の量を調べる。
 重亜硫酸塩等で処理されたDNAを鋳型とし、且つ、メチル化されたシトシンが含まれる場合の塩基配列[メチル化される位置のシトシン(CpG中のシトシン)はシトシンのままであり、メチル化されていないシトシン(CpGに含まれないシトシン)はウラシルとなった塩基配列]とかかる塩基配列に対して相補的な塩基配列からそれぞれ選ばれる一対のメチル化特異的プライマーを用いるPCR(以下、メチル化特異的PCRとも記すこともある。)と、重亜硫酸塩等で処理されたDNAを鋳型とし、且つ、シトシンがメチル化されていない場合の塩基配列(全てのシトシンがウラシルとなった塩基配列)とかかる塩基配列に対して相補的な塩基配列からそれぞれ選ばれる一対の非メチル化特異的プライマーを用いるPCR(以下、非メチル化特異的PCRとも記すこともある。)とを行う。
 上記PCRにおいて、メチル化特異的プライマーを用いるPCRの場合(前者)には、解析対象とするシトシンがメチル化されているDNAが増幅され、一方、非メチル化特異的プライマーを用いるPCRの場合(後者)には、解析対象とするシトシンがメチル化されていないDNAが増幅される。これらの増幅産物の量を比較することにより、対象となるシトシンのメチル化の有無を調べる。このようにしてメチル化頻度を測定することができる。
 ここで、メチル化特異的プライマーは、メチル化を受けていないシトシンがウラシルに変換され、且つ、メチル化を受けているシトシンはウラシルに変換されないことを考慮して、メチル化を受けているシトシンを含む塩基配列に特異的なPCRプライマー(メチル化特異的プライマー)を設計し、また、メチル化を受けていないシトシンを含む塩基配列に特異的なPCRプライマー(非メチル化特異的プライマー)を設計する。重亜硫酸塩処理により化学的に変換され相補的ではなくなったDNA鎖を基に設計することから、元来二本鎖であったDNAのそれぞれの鎖を基に、それぞれからメチル化特異的プライマーと非メチル化特異的プライマーとを作製することもできる。かかるプライマーは、メチル、非メチルの特異性を高めるために、プライマーの3’末端近傍にCpG中のシトシンを含むように設計することが好ましい。また、解析を容易にするために、プライマーの一方を標識してもよい。
 メチル化特異的PCRにおける反応液としては、例えば、鋳型とするDNAを50ngと、10pmol/μlの各プライマー溶液を各1μlと、2.5mM dNTPを4μlと、10×緩衝液(100mM Tris−HCl pH8.3、500mM KCl、20mM MgCl)を2.5μlと、耐熱性DNAポリメラーゼ5U/μlを0.2μlとを混合し、これに滅菌超純水を加えて液量を25μlとした反応液をあげることができる。反応条件としては、例えば、前記のような反応液を、95℃にて10分間保温した後、95℃にて30秒間次いで55~65℃にて30秒間さらに72℃にて30秒間を1サイクルとする保温を30~40サイクル行う条件があげられる。
 かかるPCRを行った後、得られた増幅産物の量を比較する。例えば、メチル化特異的プライマーを用いたPCRと非メチル化特異的プライマーを用いたPCRで得られた各々の増幅産物の量を比較することができる分析方法(変性ポリアクリルアミドゲル電気泳動やアガロースゲル電気泳動)である場合には、電気泳動後のゲルをDNA染色して増幅産物のバンドを検出し、検出されたバンドの濃度を比較する。ここでDNA染色の代わりに予め標識されたプライマーを使用してその標識を指標としてバンドの濃度を比較することもできる。また、定量を必要とする場合には、PCR反応産物をリアルタイムでモニタリングしカイネティックス分析を行うことにより、例えば、遺伝子量に関して2倍程度のほんの僅かな差異をも検出できる高精度の定量が可能なPCR法であるリアルタイムPCRを用いて、それぞれの産物の量を比較することもできる。リアルタイムPCRを行う方法としては、例えば鋳型依存性核酸ポリメラーゼプローブ等のプローブを用いる方法又はサイバーグリーン等のインターカレーターを用いる方法等が挙げられる。リアルタイムPCR法のための装置及びキットは既に市販されている。
 第二の方法として、亜硫酸水素ナトリウム等の重亜硫酸塩での処理に次いで、蛍光に基づくリアルタイムPCR(米国特許第6,331,393号;Eadsら、Nucleic Acids Res.28:E32、2000)(以下、メチライト法という場合がある)を利用する方法をあげることができる。メチライト法では、5’末端に蛍光レポーター色素を有し、かつ、3’末端に消光色素を有する位置特異的PCRプライマーを用い、蛍光に基づくリアルタイム定量的PCRによりメチル化DNAを増幅する。PCR反応の間に蛍光レポーター色素が、酵素によって放出されるため、PCR産物の量に比例し蛍光強度が増加する。従ってメチル化の程度に比例する蛍光を、自動ヌクレオチドシーケンサー装置において連続的に検出することができる。
 第三の方法として、亜硫酸水素ナトリウム等の重亜硫酸塩での処理に次いで、シークエンシングする方法を挙げることもできる。
 一般的には、ゲノムDNA試料の変性と亜硫酸水素塩による処理に続いて、プライマー伸張によってdsDNAを取得し、さらに、PCR技術によって増幅する(Clarkら、Nucl.Acids Res.22:2990~2997、1994)方法である。次に、当該PCR産物を標準的なDNAシークエンシング法によって配列を決定しシトシン(亜硫酸水素塩による処理前のメチルシトシンに相当する)を検出する。シークエンス法としては、ジデオキシ法だけでなく、パイロシークエンス法(SOLiDシステム)等の方法であっても、塩基配列を決定する方法であれば何でもよい。
 または前記PCR産物をプラスミドベクターにクローニングした後、個々のクローンをシークエンシングすることができるが、単一のDNA分子のメチル化マップを提供することも可能である。シークエンスによりメチルシトシンを決定するための幾つかの変法(Radlinska&Skowronek、Acta Microbiol.Pol.47:327~334、1998)が知られている。
 具体的に、dsDNAをPCR法により増幅して塩基配列を決定するために、PCRにおける反応液としては、例えば、鋳型とする重亜硫酸ナトリウム処理したDNA溶液をDNAが20ng又は80ng相当含まれる総液量50μLの反応液を調製し、これを用いる。具体的には、鋳型とする重亜硫酸ナトリウム処理したDNA溶液と、5μMに調製された各オリゴヌクレオチドプライマー溶液とを夫々総液量の3/5と、GeneAmpR dNTPMi×(2mM each)を総液量の1/10と、10×緩衝液(100mM Tris−HCl pH8.3、500mM KCl、15mM MgCl2、0.01% Gelatin)5μLを総液量の1/10と、25mM MgCl2溶液を総液量の1/50と、耐熱性DNAポリメラーゼ(AmpliTaq Gold、5U/μL、ABI社製)を0.25μLと、滅菌超純水とを混合することにより、総液量50μLの反応液を調製する。当該反応液を、95℃にて10分間保温した後、95℃にて30秒間次いで55℃にて30秒間更に72℃にて45秒間を1サイクルとする保温を40サイクル行う条件でPCRを行う。
 PCRを行った後、1.5%アガロースゲル電気泳動により増幅を確認した後、得られたDNA断片についてクローニングを行う。
 クローニングには、例えばTOPO TA CloningR Kit For Sequencing(インビトロジェン社)を使用する。Salt Solutionを0.4μLと、TOPO vectorを0.4μLと、前記のPCR増幅産物を1.6μLとを氷上で混合し、これを室温で5分間静置する。ライゲーション反応液を2μLとコンピテントセルを50μLとを混合し、氷中に30分間静置する。静置後、42℃で30秒間インキュベートし、氷中に保存する。反応液にSOC培地を250μL加え振盪培養(37℃、225rpm、1時間)する。X−gal溶液(10mg/mL DMF)を100μLを塗布したLBプレート(アンピシリン終濃度50μg/mL)に、培養液を塗布し、培養(37℃、18時間)する。
 培養液を塗布し、培養したLBプレート上に得られる大腸菌コロニーのうち、白色のコロニーをピックアップし、2mLのLB培地(アンピシリン終濃度50μg/mL)でさらに培養(37℃、15時間)し、得られた大腸菌からプラスミド抽出装置(PI−50、KURABO)を用いてプラスミドを抽出すれば、プラスミド溶液を取得できる。
 当該プラスミド溶液を2μLと、BigDyeRTerminator v3.1 Cycle Sequencing RR−100(ABI社)を1μLと、BigDyeRTerminator v1.1/v3.1 Sequencing Buffer(5×)(ABI社)を2μLと、シークエンス反応のために設計されたオリゴヌクレオチドプライマー(M13R)の3.2μM溶液を1μLと、滅菌超純水を4μLとを混合する。当該反応液を、96℃にて1分間保温した後、96℃にて10秒間次いで50℃にて5秒間更に60℃にて4分間を1サイクルとする保温を25サイクル行う条件でシークエンス反応をおこなう。
 PCRにおける反応液としては、例えば、鋳型とするDNAを25ngと、20pmol/μlの各プライマー溶液を各1μlと、2mM dNTPを3μlと、10×緩衝液(100mM Tris−HCl pH8.3、500mM KCl、15mM MgCl)を2.5μlと、耐熱性DNAポリメラーゼ5U/μlを0.2μlとを混合し、これに滅菌超純水を加えて液量を25μlとした反応液をあげることができる。反応条件としては、例えば、前記のような反応液を、95℃にて10分間保温した後、95℃にて30秒間次いで53℃にて30秒間さらに72℃にて30秒間を1サイクルとする保温を30~40サイクル行う条件があげられる。
 かかるPCRを行った後、得られた増幅産物の塩基配列を比較し当該比較からメチル化頻度を測定する。
 即ち、当該増幅産物の塩基配列を直接的に解析することにより、解析対象とするシトシンに相当する位置の塩基がシトシンであるかチミン(ウラシル)であるかを判定する。得られた増幅産物における塩基を示すピークのチャートにおいて、解析対象とするシトシンに相当する位置に検出されたシトシンを示すピークの面積とチミン(ウラシル)を示すピークの面積とを比較することにより、解析対象となるシトシンのメチル化の頻度を測定することができる。また、塩基配列を直接的に解析する方法として、PCRで得られた増幅産物を一旦大腸菌等を宿主としてクローニングして得られた複数のクローンから、それぞれクローニングされたDNAを調製し、当該DNAの塩基配列を解析してもよい。解析される試料のうちの解析対象とするシトシンに相当する位置に検出された塩基がシトシンである試料の割合を求めることにより、解析対象となるシトシンのメチル化の頻度を測定することもできる。
 第四の方法として、目的とするDNAの塩基配列中に存在する一つ以上のCpGで示される塩基配列中のシトシンを含むDNAと、解析対象とするシトシンのメチル化の有無を識別可能なプローブとをハイブリダイゼーションさせ、前記DNAと当該プローブとの結合の有無を調べる方法をあげることもできる。
 具体的には、検体から抽出したゲノムDNAを、非メチル化シトシンを修飾する試薬を作用させてから、シトシンのメチル化の有無を識別可能なプローブをハイブリダイゼーションさせる方法が挙げられる。当該ハイブリダイゼーションに用いられるプローブは、解析対象とするシトシンを含む塩基配列を基にして、メチル化を受けていないシトシンがウラシルに変換され、且つ、メチル化を受けているシトシンはウラシルに変換されないことを考慮して設計するとよい。即ち、メチル化されたシトシンが含まれる場合の塩基配列[メチル化される位置のシトシン(CpG中のシトシン)はシトシンのままであり、メチル化されていないシトシン(CpGに含まれないシトシン)はウラシルとなった塩基配列]又はかかる塩基配列に対して相補的な塩基配列を有するメチル化特異的プローブと、シトシンがメチル化されていない場合の塩基配列(全てのシトシンがウラシルとなった塩基配列)又はかかる塩基配列に対して相補的な塩基配列を有する非メチル化特異的プローブを設計する。このようなプローブは、DNAとプローブとの結合の有無についての解析を容易にするために標識してから用いてもよい。またプローブを通常の方法に準じて担体上に固定して用いてもよいが、この場合には、哺乳動物由来の検体から抽出されたDNAを予め標識しておくとよい。
 非メチル化シトシンを修飾する試薬としては、例えば、亜硫酸水素ナトリウム等の重亜硫酸塩(bisulfite)等を用いることができる。原理的には、メチル化シトシンのみを特異的に修飾する試薬を用いてもよい。
 非メチル化シトシンを修飾する試薬に抽出されたDNAを接触させるには、例えば、まず当該DNAをアルカリ溶液(pH9~14)で変性した後、亜硫酸水素ナトリウム等の重亜硫酸塩(bisulfite)(溶液中の濃度:例えば、終濃度3M)等で約10~16時間(一晩)程度、55℃で処理する。反応を促進するため、95℃での変性と、50℃での反応を10−20回繰り返すことも出来る。この場合、メチル化されていないシトシンはウラシルに変換され、一方、メチル化されているシトシンはウラシルに変換されず、シトシンのままである。
 必要に応じて、重亜硫酸塩等で処理されたDNAを鋳型として第二の方法と同様にPCRを行うことにより当該DNAを予め増幅させておいてもよい。
 次いで、重亜硫酸塩等で処理されたDNA又は前記PCRで予め増幅されたDNAと、解析対象とするシトシンのメチル化の有無を識別可能なプローブとのハイブリダイゼーションを行う。メチル化特異的プローブと結合するDNAの量と、非メチル化特異的プローブと結合するDNAの量とを比較することにより、解析対象となるシトシンのメチル化の頻度を測定することができる。
 ハイブリダイゼーションは、例えば、Sambrook J.,Frisch E.F.,Maniatis T.著、モレキュラークローニング第2版(Molecular Cloning 2nd edition)、コールド スプリング ハーバー ラボラトリー発行(Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory press)等に記載される通常の方法に準じて行うことができる。ハイブリダイゼーションは、通常ストリンジェントな条件下に行われる。ここで「ストリンジェントな条件下」とは、例えば、6×SSC(1.5M NaCl、0.15M クエン酸三ナトリウムを含む溶液を10×SSCとする)を含む溶液中で45℃にてハイブリッドを形成させた後、2×SSCで50℃にて洗浄するような条件(Molecular Biology,John Wiley & Sons,N.Y.(1989),6.3.1−6.3.6)等を挙げることができる。洗浄ステップにおける塩濃度は、例えば、2×SSCで50℃の条件(低ストリンジェンシーな条件)から0.2×SSCで50℃までの条件(高ストリンジェンシーな条件)から選択することができる。洗浄ステップにおける温度は、例えば、室温(低ストリンジェンシーな条件)から65℃(高ストリンジェンシーな条件)から選択することができる。また、塩濃度と温度との両方を変えることもできる。
 かかるハイブリダイゼーションを行った後、メチル化特異的プローブと結合したDNAの量と、非メチル化特異的プローブと結合したDNAの量とを比較することにより、解析対象となるシトシン(即ち、プローブの設計の基となった塩基配列に含まれるCpG中のシトシン)のメチル化の頻度を測定することができる。
 第五の方法として、目的とするDNAの塩基配列中の、解析対象とするシトシンのメチル化の有無を識別可能な制限酵素に作用させた後、当該制限酵素による消化の有無を調べる方法をあげることもできる。
 当該方法で用いられる「シトシンのメチル化の有無を識別可能な制限酵素」(以下、メチル化感受性制限酵素と記すこともある。)とは、メチル化されたシトシンを含む認識配列を消化せず、メチル化されていないシトシンを含む認識配列を消化することのできる制限酵素を意味する。即ち、メチル化感受性制限酵素が本来認識することができる「認識配列」に含まれるシトシンがメチル化されているDNAの場合、メチル化感受性制限酵素を作用させても当該DNAは切断されず、一方、メチル化感受性制限酵素が本来認識することができる「認識配列」に含まれるシトシンがメチル化されていないDNAの場合、メチル化感受性制限酵素を作用させれば当該DNAは切断される。このようなメチル化感受性酵素の具体的な例としては、例えば、HpaII、BstUI、NarI、SacII等をあげることができる(例えば、Nucleic Acid Research,9、2509−2515参照)。
 当該制限酵素による消化の有無を調べる方法としては、例えば、前記DNAを鋳型とし、解析対象とするシトシンを認識配列に含み、当該認識配列以外には前記制限酵素の認識配列を含まないDNAを増幅可能なプライマー対を用いてPCRを行い、DNAの増幅(増幅産物)の有無を調べる方法をあげることができる。解析対象とするシトシンがメチル化されている場合には、増幅産物が得られる。一方、解析対象とするシトシンがメチル化されていない場合には、増幅産物が得られない。このようにして、増幅されたDNAの量を比較することにより、解析対象となるシトシンのメチル化の頻度を測定することができる。即ち、哺乳動物由来検体中に含まれるゲノムDNAがメチル化されていれば、前記メチル化感受性制限酵素がメチル化状態であるDNAを切断しないという特性を利用することにより、前記哺乳動物由来検体中に含まれるゲノムDNAにおける前記メチル化感受性制限酵素の認識部位の中に存在している少なくとも1つ以上のCpG対におけるシトシンがメチル化されていたか否かを区別することができる。言い換えれば、前記メチル化感受性制限酵素で消化処理することにより、仮に哺乳動物由来検体中に含まれるゲノムDNAにおける前記メチル化感受性制限酵素の認識部位の中に存在している少なくとも1つ以上のCpG対におけるシトシンがメチル化されていないのであれば、該メチル化感受性制限酵素により切断される。また、仮に哺乳動物由来検体中に含まれるゲノムDNAにおける前記メチル化感受性制限酵素の認識部位の中に存在している全てのCpG対におけるシトシンがメチル化されていたのであれば、該メチル化感受性制限酵素により切断されない。従って、消化処理を実施した後、後述のように、前記目的とするDNA領域を増幅可能な一対のプライマーを用いたPCRを実施することにより、哺乳動物由来検体中に含まれるゲノムDNAにおける前記制限酵素の認識部位の中に存在している少なくとも1つ以上のCpG対におけるシトシンがメチル化されていないのであれば、PCRによる増幅産物は得られず、一方、哺乳動物由来検体中に含まれるゲノムDNAにおける前記メチル化感受性制限酵素の認識部位の中に存在している全てのCpG対におけるシトシンがメチル化されていたのであれば、PCRによる増幅産物が得られることになる。
 定量を必要とする場合には、PCR反応産物をリアルタイムでモニタリングしカイネティックス分析を行うことにより、例えば、遺伝子量に関して2倍程度のほんのわずかな差異をも検出できる高精度の定量が可能なPCR法であるリアルタイムPCRを用いて、それぞれの産物の量を比較することもできる。リアルタイムPCRを行う方法としては、例えば鋳型依存性核酸ポリメラーゼプローブ等のプローブを用いる方法又はサイバーグリーン等のインターカレーターを用いる方法等が挙げられる。リアルタイムPCR法のための装置及びキットは既に市販されている。
 当該制限酵素による消化の有無を調べる他の方法としては、例えば、解析対象とするシトシンを認識配列に含むメチル化感受性制限酵素を作用させたDNAに対して、Arginine vasopressin receptor 1A遺伝子に由来し、且つ、当該制限酵素の認識配列を含まないDNAをプローブとしたサザンハイブリダイゼーションを行い、ハイブリダイズしたDNAの長さを調べる方法をあげることもできる。解析対象とするシトシンがメチル化されている場合には、当該シトシンがメチル化されていない場合よりも長いDNAが検出される。検出された長いDNAの量と短いDNAの量とを比較することにより、解析対象となるシトシンのメチル化の頻度を測定することができる。
 第六の方法として、目的とするDNAに含まれるシトシンのメチル化割合を、SEQUENOM社のMassARRAYシステムを用いて定量的にメチル化シトシンを測定する方法を挙げることもできる。
 具体的には、検体から抽出したゲノムDNAに、非メチル化シトシンを修飾する試薬を作用させてから、目的とするDNA領域をPCR法により増幅する。次に、増幅したDNA領域をRNAポリメラーゼによりRNAへ転写する。さらに、得られた転写産物をRNaseで処理し、MASSによる質量分析を行う。
 本方法は、非メチル化シトシンを修飾する試薬を作用させることにより、分子量が変化することに基づいて、検体中のDNAに含まれるメチルシトシンを定量する方法である。
 より具体的には、SEQUENOMアプリケーションノートに示されるMassARRAYシステムを用いた定量的DNAメチル化解析用EpiTYPERの概論に従った以下の手法を用いてもよい。
 メチル化解析用に以下のプライマーシステムを設計する。In vitro転写に適した産物を得るため、T7プロモータを付加したリバースプライマーとする。サイクリング失敗を防ぐために8bpインサートを挿入する。また、PCRのバランスをとるために10merタグを付加したフォワードプライマーとする。
Bisulfite処理:
サンプルゲノムDNAのBisulfite変換処理にはZymo Research社のEZ−96DNA Methylation KitまたはEZ DNA Methylation Kitを使用する。このプロトコルの初回インキュベーション後、以下のとおりサイクル反応をおこなう。
 95℃30分間次いで50℃15分間を1サイクルとして45サイクル
(1)ステップ1:増幅
385−マイクロタイターフォーマットを用いて総容量5μL中1μLのDNAを増幅する(1反応あたり最終濃度2ng/μLとするために10ng/μL以上のDNAを1.00μL以上使用する)。各反応液を2種類の切断反応(T切断反応とC切断反応)に分ける。プレートを密封し、以下のとおりサイクル反応をおこなう。
 94℃15分間保温した後、94℃20秒間次いで56℃30秒間次いで72℃1分間を1サイクルとする保温を45サイクル行い、次いで72℃3分間保温する。
(2)ステップ2:脱リン酸化
各PCR反応液5μLにエビ由来アルカリフォスファターゼ(SAP)酵素2μLを添加し、PCRに組み込まれなかったdNTPを脱リン酸化する。プレートを37℃で20分インキュベートし次いで85℃で5分インキュベートする。
(3)ステップ3:In vitro転写とRNase切断
各切断反応(TおよびC)用に転写/RNaseAカクテルを調製する。標準セットアップでは1プレートあたり、1つの転写/RNaseAカクテルを調製する。サイクル反応をおこなっていない新しいマイクロタイタープレートに、転写/RNaseAカクテル5μLとPCR/SAPサンプル2μLを添加する。プレートを1分間遠心し、次にプレートを37℃で3時間インキュベートする。
(4)ステップ4:サンプルコンディショニング
384穴プレートの各サンプルにddH20 20μLを加える。レジンプレートを用いて各穴にClean Resinを6mg加える。10分間攪拌し、3,200xgで5分間スピンダウンする。
(5)ステップ5:サンプルの移動
10~15nLのEpiTYPER反応産物を384穴SpectroCHIPに分注する。
 ステップ6:サンプル解析
MassARRAYシステムを用いて2種類の切断反応のスペクトルを得る。
(6)ステップ6:解析ソフトウェア
結果をEpiTYPERソフトウェアにより解析し、目的とするDNAのメチル化割合を測定する。
 以上のような各種方法を用いて、哺乳動物由来の検体に含まれる本DNAのメチル化頻度を測定する。測定されたメチル化頻度と、例えば、大腸癌細胞、肺癌細胞、乳癌細胞等の癌細胞を持たないと診断され得る健常な哺乳動物由来の検体に含まれる目的とするDNAのメチル化頻度(対照)とを比較して、当該比較により得られる差異に基づき前記検体の癌化度を判定する。仮に、哺乳動物由来の検体に含まれる本DNAのメチル化頻度が対照と比較して高ければ(本DNAが対照と比較の上で高メチル化状態であれば)、当該検体の癌化度が対照と比較の上で高いと判定することができる。
 ここで「癌化度」とは、一般に当該分野において使用される意味と同様であって、具体的には、例えば、哺乳動物由来の検体が細胞である場合には当該細胞の悪性度や癌細胞の存在を意味し、また、例えば、哺乳動物由来の検体が組織である場合には当該組織における癌細胞の存在量等を意味している。
 本DNAにおけるメチル化されたDNAの含量は、以下のメチル化DNA含量測定方法により測定することができる。
 メチル化DNA含量測定方法は、哺乳動物由来の検体中に含まれる目的とするDNA領域の塩基配列が有する目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化されたDNAの含量を測定する方法であって、
(1)哺乳動物由来の検体中に含まれるゲノムDNA由来のDNA試料をメチル化感受性制限酵素による消化処理を行う第一工程、
(2)第一工程で得られた消化処理が行われたDNA試料からメチル化された一本鎖DNAを取得し、該一本鎖DNAと、固定化メチル化DNA抗体とを結合させて一本鎖DNAを選択する第二工程、及び、
(3)下記の各本工程の前工程として第二工程で選択された一本鎖DNAを、固定化メチル化DNA抗体から分離して一本鎖状態であるDNA(正鎖)にする工程(第一前工程)と、
第一前工程で一本鎖状態にされたゲノム由来のDNA(正鎖)を、一本鎖状態であるDNA(正鎖)が有する塩基配列の部分塩基配列(正鎖)であって、且つ、前記の目的とするDNA領域の塩基配列(正鎖)の3’末端よりさらに3’末端側に位置する部分塩基配列(正鎖)、に対して相補性である塩基配列(負鎖)を有する伸長プライマー(フォーワード用プライマー)を伸長プライマーとして、該伸長プライマーを1回伸長させることにより、目的とするDNA領域を含む一本鎖DNA(正鎖)を二本鎖DNAに伸長形成させる工程(第二前工程)と、
第二前工程で伸長形成された二本鎖DNAを、目的とするDNA領域を含む一本鎖DNA(正鎖)と目的とするDNA領域を含む一本鎖DNA(負鎖)に一旦分離する工程(第三前工程)を有し、且つ、本工程として
(a)生成した目的とするDNA領域を含む一本鎖DNA(正鎖)を鋳型として、前記フォワード用プライマーを伸長プライマーとして、該伸長プライマーを一回伸長させることにより、前記の目的とするDNA領域を含む一本鎖DNAを二本鎖DNAとして伸長形成させる第A工程(本工程)と、
(b)生成した目的とするDNA領域を含む一本鎖DNA(負鎖)を鋳型として、前記の目的とするDNA領域を含む一本鎖DNA(負鎖)が有する塩基配列の部分塩基配列(負鎖)であって、且つ、前記の目的とするDNA領域の塩基配列(正鎖)に対して相補性である塩基配列(負鎖)の3’末端よりさらに3’末端側に位置する部分塩基配列(負鎖)、に対して相補性である塩基配列(正鎖)を有する伸長プライマー(リバース用プライマー)を伸長プライマーとして、該伸長プライマーを1回伸長させることにより、前記の目的とするDNA領域を含む一本鎖DNAを二本鎖DNAとして伸長形成させる第B工程(本工程)とを有し、
さらに第三工程の各本工程を、前記各本工程で得られた伸長形成された二本鎖DNAを一本鎖状態に一旦分離した後、繰り返すことにより、前記の目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化されたDNAを検出可能な量になるまで増幅し、増幅されたDNAの量を定量する第三工程、を有することを特徴とする。
 当該メチル化DNA含量測定方法における「相補性である」とは、塩基同士の水素結合による塩基対合により二本鎖DNAを形成することを意味する。例えば、DNAを構成する二本鎖の各々一本鎖DNAを構成する塩基が、プリンとピリミジンとの塩基対合により二本鎖を形成することであり、具体的には例えば、複数の連続した、チミンとシトシンとの間の水素結合による塩基結合、又は、グアニンとアデニンとの間の水素結合による塩基結合により、二本鎖DNAを形成することを意味する。相補性によって結合することを「相補的な結合」と記載することもある。「相補的な結合」は、「相補的に塩基対合しうる」又は「相補性により結合」と記載することもある。また、相補的に結合しうる塩基配列を互いに「相補性を有する」「相補性によって結合(相補的な(塩基対合による)結合)」と記載することもある。本発明メチル化DNA含量測定方法においては、人工的に作成されるオリゴヌクレオチドに含まれるイノシンがシトシン、アデニン若しくはチミンと水素結合で結合することも、「相補性である」に含まれる。
 当該メチル化DNA含量測定方法における「目的とするDNA領域を含む一本鎖DNA(負鎖)」とは、目的とするDNA領域を含む一本鎖DNAとの結合体(二本鎖)を形成するために必要な塩基配列、即ち、目的とするDNA領域の塩基配列の一部に相補的な塩基配列を含む塩基配列であることを意味し、「相補的塩基配列」あるいは「相補配列」と記載することもある。また、相補的塩基配列は、「相補的」と表現することもある。
 当該メチル化DNA含量測定方法における「メチル化されたDNA」、「メチル化DNA」とは、DNAの塩基配列中の5’−CG−3’で示される塩基配列(以下、当該塩基配列を「CpG」と記すこともある。)中のシトシンの5位がメチル化されたDNAを意味する。
 当該メチル化DNA含量測定方法は、本発明評価方法において「メチル化頻度又はそれに相関関係がある指標値を測定する」際の実施態様として挙げることができる。「メチル化頻度」は、例えば、調査対象となるCpG中のシトシンのメチル化の有無を複数のハプロイドについて調べたときの、当該シトシンがメチル化されているハプロイドの割合で表される。
 「(メチル化頻度)に相関関係がある指標値」としては、例えば、本DNAの発現産物の量(より具体的には、本DNAの転写産物の量や、本DNAの翻訳産物の量)等をあげることができる。このような発現産物の量の場合には、上記メチル化頻度が高くなればそれに伴い減少するような負の相関関係が存在する。
 上記メチル化DNA含量測定方法における「固定化メチル化DNA抗体」としては、例えば、メチルシトシン抗体等を挙げることができる。当該固定化メチル化DNA抗体は、支持体に固定化され得るものであればよく、「支持体に固定化され得るもの」とは、固定化メチル化DNA抗体を支持体へ直接的又は間接的に固定できることを意味する。このように固定化されるためには、固定化メチル化DNA抗体を通常の遺伝子工学的な操作方法又は市販のキット・装置等に従って、支持体に固定する(固相への結合)。具体的には、固定化メチル化DNA抗体をビオチン化して得られたビオチン化固定化メチル化DNA抗体をストレプトアビジンで被覆した支持体(例えば、ストレプトアビジンで被覆したPCRチューブ、ストレプトアビジンで被覆した磁気ビーズ等)に固定する方法を挙げることができる。
 また固定化メチル化DNA抗体を、アミノ基、チオール基、アルデヒド基等の活性官能基を有する分子を共有結合させた後、シランカップリング剤等で表面を活性化させたガラス、多糖類誘導体、シリカゲル、合成樹脂等から作製された支持体に共有結合させる方法もある。共有結合には、例えば、トリグリセライドを5個直列に連結してなるようなスペーサー、クロスリンカー等により共有結合させる方法も挙げられる。
 更に、固定化メチル化DNA抗体を直接支持体に固定化してもよく、また固定化メチル化DNA抗体に対する抗体(二次抗体)を支持体に固定化し、当該二次抗体にメチル化抗体を結合させることで支持体に固定してもよい。
 一本鎖DNAと固定化メチル化DNA抗体との結合前の段階で、固定化メチル化DNA抗体と支持体との結合により固定化されるものであってもよく、また一本鎖DNAと固定化メチル化DNA抗体との結合後の段階で、固定化メチル化DNA抗体と支持体との結合により固定化されるものであってもよい。
 上記メチル化DNA含量測定方法で用いられる「メチル化感受性制限酵素」(具体的には、シトシンのメチル化の有無を識別可能な制限酵素)とは、本発明評価方法でのものと同じ意味であり、メチル化されたシトシンを含む認識配列を消化せず、メチル化されていないシトシンを含む認識配列を消化することのできる制限酵素を意味する。即ち、メチル化感受性制限酵素が本来認識することができる「認識配列」に含まれるシトシンがメチル化されているDNAの場合、メチル化感受性制限酵素を作用させても当該DNAは切断されず、一方、メチル化感受性制限酵素が本来認識することができる「認識配列」に含まれるシトシンがメチル化されていないDNAの場合、メチル化感受性制限酵素を作用させれば当該DNAは切断される。このようなメチル化感受性酵素の具体的な例としては、例えば、HpaII、BstUI、NarI、SacII等をあげることができる(例えば、Nucleic Acid Research,9、2509−2515参照)。
 上記メチル化DNA含量測定方法における「メチル化感受性制限酵素」としては、例えば、本DNAの塩基配列を目的とするDNA領域の中に認識切断部位を有する制限酵素又はHhaI等を挙げることができる。
 上記メチル化DNA含量測定方法の応用として、当該方法における第一工程におけるメチル化感受性制限酵素による消化処理を行わずに第二工程を行う方法もありうる。
 上記メチル化DNA含量測定方法の第二工程は、第一工程で得られた消化処理が行われたDNA試料に含まれるメチル化された二本鎖DNAをメチル化された一本鎖DNAに分離する第A工程(即ち、第二工程における第A工程)と、当該第A工程で得られたメチル化一本鎖DNAと固定化メチル化DNA抗体と結合させる第B工程(即ち、第二工程における第B工程)とから構成されてもよい。
 上記メチル化DNA含量測定方法の第二工程において、第一工程で得られた消化処理が行われたDNA試料に含まれるメチル化された二本鎖DNAをメチル化された一本鎖DNAに分離するには、二本鎖DNAを一本鎖DNAにするための一般的な操作を行う。具体的には例えば、哺乳動物由来検体中に含まれるゲノムDNA由来のDNA試料を適当量の超純水に溶解し、95℃で10分間加熱し、氷中で急冷する。
 上記メチル化DNA含量測定方法の第二工程において、上記のようにして分離されたメチル化一本鎖DNAと固定化メチル化DNA抗体と結合させることによって一本鎖DNAを選択するには、上記の「固定化メチル化DNA抗体」に係る説明で述べたように、具体的には例えば、固定化メチル化DNA抗体として「ビオチン標識されたビオチン化メチルシトシン抗体」を使用して以下のように実施する。
(a)ビオチン化メチルシトシン抗体を適当量(例えば、0.1μg/50μL)アビジン被覆PCRチューブに添加し、その後、これを室温で約1時間静置することにより、ビオチン化メチルシトシン抗体とストレプトアビジンとの固定化を促す。PCRチューブ内から残溶液の除去及び洗浄後、洗浄バッファー[例えば、0.05% Tween20含有リン酸バッファー(1mM KHPO、3mM NaHPO・7HO、154mM NaCl pH7.4)]を100μL/チューブの割合で添加する。PCRチューブ内から溶液の除去及び洗浄後(当該洗浄操作を数回繰り返した後)、支持体に固定化されたビオチン化メチルシトシン抗体をPCRチューブ内に残す。
(b)哺乳動物由来検体中に含まれるゲノムDNA由来の二本鎖DNAとバッファー(例えば、33mM Tris−Acetate pH 7.9、66mM KOAc、10mM Mg(OAc)、0.5mM Dithothreitol)とを混合し、得られた混合物を95℃で数分間加熱する。加熱後、前記混合物を約0~4℃の温度まで速やかに冷却し、その温度で数分間保温することにより、一本鎖DNAを形成させる。得られた混合物を室温に戻す。
(c)形成された前記一本鎖DNAを、ビオチン化メチルシトシン抗体が固定化されたアビジン被覆PCRチューブに添加し、得られた混合物を室温で約1時間静置することにより、ビオチン化メチルシトシン抗体と前記一本鎖DNAのうちメチル化された一本鎖DNAとの結合を促す(結合体の形成)(この段階で、少なくともメチル化されてないDNA領域を含む一本鎖DNAは結合体を形成しない。)。その後、PCRチューブ内から残溶液を除去し、洗浄を行う。PCRチューブ内に洗浄バッファー[例えば、0.05% Tween20含有リン酸バッファー(1mM KHPO、3mM NaHPO・7HO、15mM NaCl pH7.4)]を100μL/チューブの割合で添加した後、PCRチューブ内から溶液を取り除く。当該洗浄操作を数回繰り返すことにより、洗浄された結合体をPCRチューブ内に残す(結合体の選択)。
上記(b)において使用されるバッファーとしては、生物試料由来のゲノムDNA由来の二本鎖DNAを一本鎖DNAへ分離するために適したものであればよく、前記バッファーに限ったわけではない。
上記(a)及び上記(c)における洗浄操作では、溶液中に浮遊している固定化されていない固定化メチル化DNA抗体、固定化メチル化DNA抗体に結合しなかった溶液中に浮遊しているメチル化されていない一本鎖DNA、又は、後述の制限酵素で消化された溶液中に浮遊しているDNA等を反応溶液から取り除くために重要な操作である。洗浄バッファーは、上記の遊離の固定化メチル化DNA抗体、溶液中に浮遊している一本鎖DNA等の除去に適したものであればよく、前記洗浄バッファーに限らず、DELFIAバッファー(PerkinElmer社製、Tris−HCl pH 7.8 with Tween 80)、TEバッファー等でもよい。
 他に第二工程における第A工程において、メチル化された一本鎖DNAを分離する際の好ましい態様としては、例えば、カウンターオリゴヌクレオチドを添加すること等を挙げることができる。カウンターオリゴヌクレオチドとしては、例えば、目的とするDNA領域と同じ塩基配列を短いオリゴヌクレオチドに分割したものを挙げることができる。通常10~100塩基、より好ましくは、20~50塩基の長さに設計したものを好ましく挙げることができる。カウンターオリゴヌクレオチドは、フォーワード用プライマー又はリバース用プライマーが目的とするDNA領域と相補的に結合する塩基配列上には設計しない。カウンターオリゴヌクレオチドは、ゲノムDNAに比し、大過剰で添加され、目的とするDNA領域を一本鎖(正鎖)にした後、固定化メチル化DNA抗体と結合させる際に、目的とするDNA領域の相補鎖(負鎖)と目的とするDNA領域を一本鎖(正鎖)が相補性により再結合することを妨げるために添加する。目的とするDNA領域にメチル化DNA抗体を結合させて、DNAのメチル化頻度又はそれに相関関係のある指標値を測定する際に、目的領域が一本鎖である方がメチル化DNA抗体に結合しやすいからである。カンウターオリゴヌクレオチドは、目的とするDNA領域に比べて、少なくとも10倍、通常は100倍以上の量が添加されることが好ましい。
 ここで、「(メチル化された一本鎖DNAを分離する際に)カウンターオリゴヌクレオチドを添加する」とは、具体的には、哺乳動物由来検体中に含まれるゲノムDNA由来のDNA試料から、メチル化された一本鎖DNAを選択するために、哺乳動物由来検体中に含まれるゲノムDNA由来のDNA試料をカウンターオリゴヌクレオチドと混合して、目的とするDNA領域の相補鎖とカウンターオリゴヌクレオチドとの二本鎖を形成させる。例えば、前記DNA試料と、前記カウンターオリゴヌクレオチドとの混合物に、緩衝液(330mM Tris−Acetate pH7.9、660mM KOAc、100mM MgOAc、5mM Dithiothreitol)5μLと、100mMのMgCl溶液5μLと、1mg/mLのBSA溶液5μLを添加し、さらに当該混合物に滅菌超純水を加えて液量を50μLとし、混合して、95℃で10分間加熱し、70℃まで速やかに冷却し、その温度で10分間保温し、次いで、50℃まで冷却し10分間保温し、さらに37℃で10分間保温した後室温に戻す。
 上記メチル化DNA含量測定方法の第三工程は、以下の各工程を含む:
(1)前工程((i)第一前工程、(ii)第二前工程、(iii)第三前工程)
(2)本工程((i)第A工程、(ii)第B工程)及び
(3)繰り返し工程((i)増幅工程、(ii)定量工程)。
(1)第三工程における前工程
(i)第三工程における前工程での第一前工程
 第一前工程は、第二工程で選択された一本鎖DNAを、固定化メチル化DNA抗体から分離して遊離の一本鎖状態のDNAにする工程である。
 具体的には例えば、第二工程で選択された一本鎖DNAに、アニーリングバッファーを添加することにより、混合物を得る。次いで、得られた混合物を95℃で数分間加熱することにより、一本鎖状態であるDNA(正鎖)を得る。
(ii)第三工程における前工程での第二前工程
 第二前工程は、第一前工程で遊離の一本鎖状態にされたゲノム由来のDNA(正鎖)と、一本鎖状態であるDNA(正鎖)が有する塩基配列の部分塩基配列(正鎖)であって、且つ、前記の目的とするDNA領域の塩基配列(正鎖)の3’末端より更に3’末端側に位置する部分塩基配列(正鎖)、に対して相補性である塩基配列(負鎖)を有する伸長プライマー(フォーワード用プライマー)を伸長プライマーとして、該伸長プライマーを1回伸長させることにより、遊離の一本鎖状態であるDNA(正鎖)を二本鎖DNAに伸長形成させる工程である。
 具体的には例えば、第一前工程で得られた一本鎖状態のDNA(正鎖)とフォワードプライマーとを、滅菌超純水を17.85μL、最適な緩衝液(例えば、100mM Tris−HClpH 8.3、500mM KCl、15mM MgCl)を3μL、2mM dNTPを3μL、5Nベタインを6μL加え、次いで得られた混合物にAmpliTaq(DNAポリメラーゼの1種:5U/μL)を0.15μL加えて液量を30μLとした溶液中で混合する。得られた混合物を37℃で約2時間インキュベーションすることにより、目的とするDNA領域を含む一本鎖DNA(正鎖)を二本鎖DNAに伸長形成させる。
(iii)第三工程における前工程での第三前工程
 第三前工程は、第二前工程で伸長形成された二本鎖DNAを、目的とするDNA領域を含む一本鎖DNA(正鎖)と目的とするDNA領域に対して相補性である塩基配列を含む一本鎖DNA(負鎖)に一旦分離する工程である。
 具体的には例えば、第二前工程で伸長形成された二本鎖DNAに、アニーリングバッファーを添加することにより混合物を得て、得られた混合物を95℃で数分間加熱することにより、目的とするDNA領域を含む一本鎖DNAに一旦分離する。
(2)第三工程における本工程
(i)第三工程における本工程での第A工程
 第A工程は、生成した目的とするDNA領域を含む一本鎖DNA(正鎖)を鋳型として、前記フォーワード用プライマーを伸長プライマーとして、該伸長プライマーを一回伸長させることにより、前記の目的とするDNA領域を含む一本鎖DNAを二本鎖DNAとして伸長形成させる工程である。
 後述の説明や前述の本発明の第二前工程における伸長反応での操作方法等に準じて実施すればよいが、具体的には例えば:
(a)生成した目的とするDNA領域を含む一本鎖DNA(正鎖)に、前記のフォーワード用プライマーをアニーリングさせるために、例えば、前記のフォーワード用プライマーのTm値の約0~20℃低い温度まで速やかに冷却し、その温度で数分間保温する;
(b)その後、室温に戻す;そして
(c)上記(c)でアニーリングさせた前記の一本鎖状態であるDNAを鋳型として、前記のフォーワード用プライマーを伸長プライマーとして、該プライマーを1回伸長させることにより、前記の目的とするDNA領域に対して相補性である塩基配列を含む一本鎖DNAを二本鎖DNAとして伸長形成させる。
(ii)第三工程における本工程での第B工程
 第B工程は、生成した目的とするDNA領域に対して相補性である塩基配列を含む一本鎖DNA(負鎖)を鋳型として、前記の目的とするDNA領域に対して相補性である塩基配列を含む一本鎖DNA(負鎖)が有する塩基配列の部分塩基配列(負鎖)であって、且つ、前記の目的とするDNA領域の塩基配列(正鎖)に対して相補性である塩基配列(負鎖)の3’末端より更に3’末端側に位置する部分塩基配列(負鎖)、に対して相補性である塩基配列(正鎖)を有する伸長プライマー(リバース用プライマー)を伸長プライマーとして、該伸長プライマーを1回伸長させることにより、前記の目的とするDNA領域を含む一本鎖DNAを二本鎖DNAとして伸長形成させる工程である。
 後述の説明や前述の本発明の第二前工程における伸長反応での操作方法等に準じて実施すればよいが、具体的には例えば、上記(i)の第三工程における本工程での第A工程と同様な操作方法等に準じて実施する。
(3)第三工程における繰り返し工程
(i)第三工程における繰り返し工程での増幅工程
 増幅工程は、第三工程の各本工程を、前記各本工程で得られた伸長形成された二本鎖DNAを一本鎖状態に一旦分離した後、繰り返すことにより、前記の目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化されたDNAを検出可能な量になるまで増幅する工程である。
 具体的には例えば、上記(2)の第三工程における本工程での第A工程及び第B工程と同様な操作方法等に準じて実施する。
(ii)第三工程における繰り返し工程での定量工程
 定量工程は、第三工程の繰り返し工程における増幅工程により増幅されたDNAの量を定量する工程である。
 上記メチル化DNA含量測定方法の第三工程は、前工程における第一前工程から開始して本工程及び繰り返し工程に至るまでの反応を、一つのPCR反応として実施することもできる。また、前工程における第一前工程から第三前工程まで、各々、独立した反応として実施し、次いで本工程のみをPCR反応として実施することもできる。
 上記メチル化DNA含量測定方法において、選択された一本鎖DNAに含まれる目的とするDNA領域(即ち、目的領域)を増幅する方法としては、例えば、PCRを用いることができる。目的領域を増幅する際に、予め蛍光等で標識されたプライマーを使用してその標識を指標とすれば、電気泳動等の煩わしい操作を実施せずに増幅産物の有無を評価できる。PCR反応液としては、例えば、本方法の第二工程で得たDNAに、50μMのプライマーの溶液を0.15μlと、2mM dNTPを2.5μlと、10×緩衝液(100mM Tris−HCl pH 8.3、500mM KCl、20mM MgCl、0.01% Gelatin)を2.5μlと、AmpliTaq Gold(耐熱性DNAポリメラーゼの一種:5U/μl)を0.2μlとを混合し、これに滅菌超純水を加えて液量を25μlとした反応液を挙げることができる。
 目的とするDNA領域(即ち、目的領域)は、GCリッチな塩基配列が多いため、時に、ベタイン、DMSO等を適量加えて反応を実施してもよい。反応条件としては、例えば、前記のような反応液を、95℃にて10分間保温した後、95℃にて30秒間、次いで55~65℃にて30秒間、更に72℃にて30秒間、を1サイクルとする保温を30~40サイクル行う条件を挙げることができる。かかるPCRを行った後、得られた増幅産物を検出する。例えば、予め標識されたプライマーを使用した場合には、上述と同様な洗浄・精製操作を実施した後、蛍光標識体の量の測定によりPCR反応での増幅産物の量を測定することができる。また、標識されていない通常のプライマーを用いたPCRを実施した場合には、金コロイド粒子、蛍光等で標識したプローブ等をアニーリングさせた後、目的領域に結合した当該プローブの量を測定する。また、増幅産物の量をより精度よく測定するには、例えば、リアルタイムPCR法を用いる。ここで「リアルタイムPCR法」とは、PCRをリアルタイムでモニターし、得られたモニター結果をカイネティックス分析する方法であり、例えば、遺伝子の量に関して2倍程度のほんの僅かな差異をも検出できる高精度の定量PCR法として知られる方法をいう。当該リアルタイムPCR法としては、例えば、鋳型依存性核酸ポリメラーゼプローブ等のプローブを用いる方法、サイバーグリーン等のインターカレーターを用いる方法等を挙げることができる。リアルタイムPCR法のための装置及びキットは市販されるものを利用してもよい。以上の如く、検出については特に限定されることはなく、これまでに周知のあらゆる方法による検出が可能である。これら方法では、反応容器を移し換えることなく検出までの操作が可能となる。
 本発明評価方法において「メチル化頻度又はそれに相関関係がある指標値を測定する」際の実施態様の一例としては、例えば、以下に示される方法1~7等も挙げることができる。
[方法1]
 方法1は、以下の工程を含む:
第一工程、第二工程、第三工程、及び
第四工程(前工程、本工程((i)第A工程((i1)第A1工程、(i2)第A2工程)、(ii)第B工程)、繰り返し工程((i)増幅工程、(ii)定量工程))。
 具体的には方法1は、哺乳動物由来検体中に含まれる本DNAの塩基配列を目的とするDNA領域として、目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化されたDNAの含量を測定する方法であって、
(1)哺乳動物由来検体中に含まれるゲノムDNA由来のDNA試料をメチル化感受性制限酵素による消化処理を行う第一工程、
(2)第一工程で得られた消化処理が行われたDNA試料から目的とするDNA領域を含む一本鎖DNA(正鎖)を取得し、該一本鎖DNA(正鎖)と、該一本鎖DNAの3’末端の一部(但し、前記の目的とするDNA領域を含まない。)に対して相補性のある塩基配列を有する一本鎖固定化オリゴヌクレオチドとを結合させることにより、前記一本鎖DNAを選択する第二工程、
(3)第二工程で選択された一本鎖DNAを鋳型として、前記一本鎖固定化オリゴヌクレオチドをプライマーとして、該プライマーを1回伸長させることにより、前記一本鎖DNAを二本鎖DNAとして伸長形成させる第三工程、及び、
(4)下記の各本工程の前工程として、第三工程で得られた伸長形成された二本鎖DNAを一本鎖状態に一旦分離する工程(前工程)を有し、且つ、本工程として
(a)生成した一本鎖状態であるDNA(正鎖)と前記一本鎖固定化オリゴヌクレオチド(負鎖)とを結合させることにより、前記一本鎖状態であるDNAを選択する第A1工程と、
 第A1工程で選択された一本鎖状態であるDNAを鋳型として、前記一本鎖固定化オリゴヌクレオチドをプライマーとして、該プライマーを1回伸長させることにより、前記一本鎖状態であるDNAを二本鎖DNAとして伸長形成させる第A2工程と、を有する第A工程(本工程)と、
(b)生成した一本鎖状態であるDNA(負鎖)を鋳型として、前記一本鎖状態であるDNA(負鎖)が有する塩基配列の部分塩基配列(負鎖)であって、且つ、前記目的とするDNA領域の塩基配列(正鎖)に対して相補性のある塩基配列(負鎖)の3’末端より更に3’末端側に位置する部分塩基配列(負鎖)に対して相補性のある塩基配列(正鎖)を有するプライマー(リバース用プライマー)を伸長プライマーとして、該伸長プライマーを1回伸長させることにより、前記一本鎖状態であるDNAを二本鎖DNAとして伸長形成させる第B工程(本工程)とを有し、
 更に前記各本工程で得られた伸長形成された二本鎖DNAを一本鎖状態に一旦分離した後、繰り返すことにより、前記目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化されたDNAを検出可能な量になるまで増幅し、増幅されたDNAの量を定量する第四工程、を有する方法である。
[方法2]
 方法2は、以下の工程を含む:
第一工程、第二工程、第三工程、及び
第四工程(前工程、本工程((i)第A工程((i1)第A1工程、(i2)第A2工程))、(ii)第B工程)、繰り返し工程((i)増幅工程、(ii)定量工程)
 具体的には方法2は、第二工程において目的とするDNA領域を含む一本鎖DNA(正鎖)と、該一本鎖DNAの3’末端の一部(但し、前記目的とするDNA領域を含まない。)に対して相補性のある塩基配列を有する一本鎖固定化オリゴヌクレオチドとを結合させる際に、二価陽イオンを含有する反応系中で結合させる前記方法1に記載される方法である。
[方法3]
 方法3は、以下の工程を含む:
第一工程、第二工程、第三工程、及び
第四工程(前工程、本工程((i)第A工程((i1)第A1工程、(i2)第A2工程)、(ii)第B工程)、繰り返し工程((i)増幅工程、(ii)定量工程))。
 具体的には方法3は、二価陽イオンがマグネシウムイオンである前記方法2に記載される方法である。
[方法4]
 方法4は、以下の工程を含む:
第一工程、第二工程、第三工程、及び
第四工程(前工程(追加前工程を含む)、本工程((i)第A工程((i1)第A1工程、(i2)第A2工程)、(ii)第B工程、(iii)第C工程((iii1)第C1工程、(iii2)第C2工程))、繰り返し工程((i)増幅工程、(ii)定量工程))。
 具体的には方法4は、第四工程の前工程の前操作段階において、前記目的とするDNA領域を含む一本鎖DNA(正鎖)の3’末端の一部(但し、前記目的とするDNA領域を含まない。)に対して相補性のある塩基配列を有し且つ遊離状態である一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチド(負鎖)を反応系内に添加する工程(追加前工程)を追加的に有し、且つ、第四工程の各本工程として、下記の1つの工程を更に追加的に有する方法である:
(c)(i)生成した一本鎖状態であるDNA(正鎖)と、前記追加前工程で反応系内に添加された一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチド(負鎖)とを結合させることにより、前記一本鎖状態であるDNAを選択する第C1工程と、
(ii)第C1工程で選択された一本鎖状態であるDNAを鋳型として、前記一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチド(負鎖)をプライマーとして、該プライマーを1回伸長させることにより、前記一本鎖状態であるDNAを二本鎖DNAとして伸長形成させる第C2工程とを有する第C工程(本工程)。
[方法5]
 方法5は、以下の工程を含む:
第一工程、第二工程、第三工程、及び
第四工程(前工程(追加前工程、追加再前工程を含む)、本工程((i)第A工程((i1)第A1工程、(i2)第A2工程)、(ii)第B工程、(iii)第C工程)、繰り返し工程((i)増幅工程、(ii)定量工程))。
 具体的には方法5は、第四工程の前工程の後操作段階において、前記目的とするDNA領域を含む一本鎖DNA(正鎖)の3’末端の一部(但し、前記目的とするDNA領域を含まない。)に対して相補性のある塩基配列を有し且つ遊離状態である一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチド(負鎖)を反応系内に添加する工程(追加前工程)を追加的に有し、且つ、
 第三工程及び前記追加前工程を経て得られた未消化物である伸長形成された二本鎖DNA(前記メチル化感受性制限酵素の認識部位にアンメチル状態のCpG対を含まない伸長形成された二本鎖DNA)を一本鎖状態に一旦分離する工程(追加再前工程)を有し、且つ、
第四工程の各本工程として、下記の1つの工程を更に追加的に有する方法である:
(c)(i)生成した一本鎖状態であるDNA(正鎖)と、前記追加前工程で反応系内に添加された一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチド(負鎖)とを結合させることにより、前記一本鎖状態であるDNAを選択する第C1工程と、
(ii)第C1工程で選択された一本鎖状態であるDNAを鋳型として、前記一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチド(負鎖)をプライマーとして、該プライマーを1回伸長させることにより、前記一本鎖状態であるDNAを二本鎖DNAとして伸長形成させる第C2工程とを有する第C工程(本工程)。
[方法6]
 方法6は、前記方法1~5のいずれか一に記載された方法の工程に加えて、下記の2つの工程を更に追加的に有するメチル化割合の測定方法である:
(5)前記方法1~5のいずれか一に記載の方法の第一工程を行うことなく、発明1~5のいずれか一に記載の方法における第二工程から第四工程を行うことにより、前記目的とするDNA領域のDNA(メチル化されたDNA及びメチルされていないDNAの総量)を検出可能な量になるまで増幅し、増幅されたDNAの量を定量する第五工程、及び、
(6)前記方法1~5のいずれか一に記載の第四工程により定量されたDNAの量と、第五工程により定量されたDNAの量とを比較することにより得られる差異に基づき前記目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化されたDNAの割合を算出する第六工程。
[方法7]
 方法7は、前記1~6の方法に記載された第一工程におけるメチル化感受性制限酵素による消化処理を行わずに第二工程を行う方法である。
 前記方法1~7に記載された第二工程において、第一工程で得られた消化処理が行われたDNA試料から目的とするDNA領域を含む一本鎖DNA(正鎖)を取得し、該一本鎖DNA(正鎖)と、該一本鎖DNAの3’末端の一部(但し、前記目的とするDNA領域を含まない。)に対して相補性である塩基配列を有する一本鎖固定化オリゴヌクレオチドとを結合させることにより、前記一本鎖DNAを選択する。
 前記方法1~7に記載される「一本鎖固定化オリゴヌクレオチド」とは、目的とするDNA領域を含む一本鎖DNA(正鎖)の3’末端の一部(但し、前記目的とするDNA領域を含まない。)に対して相補性である塩基配列を有する一本鎖固定化オリゴヌクレオチド(以下、本固定化オリゴヌクレオチドと記すこともある。)である。
 本固定化オリゴヌクレオチドは、哺乳動物由来検体中に含まれるゲノムDNA由来のDNA試料から、目的とするDNA領域を含む一本鎖DNA(正鎖)を選択するために用いられる。本固定化オリゴヌクレオチドは、5~50塩基長であることが好ましい。
 本固定化オリゴヌクレオチドの5’末端側は、担体と固定化され得るものであり、一方その3’末端側は、後述する第三工程及び第A2工程により5’末端から3’末端に向かって進行する一回伸長反応が可能なようにフリーな状態であってもよい。
 または、本固定化オリゴヌクレオチドは、5’或いは3’末端が担体と固定化されてもよい。
 前記方法1~7に記載される「担体と固定化され得るもの」とは、前記目的とするDNA領域を含む一本鎖DNA(正鎖)を選択する際に本固定化オリゴヌクレオチドが担体に固定化されていればよく、(1)該一本鎖DNA(正鎖)と本固定化オリゴヌクレオチドとの結合前の段階で、本固定化オリゴヌクレオチドと担体との結合により固定化されるものであってもよく、また(2)該一本鎖DNA(正鎖)と本固定化オリゴヌクレオチドとの結合後の段階で、本固定化オリゴヌクレオチドと担体との結合により固定化されるものであってもよい。
 このような構造を得るには、目的とするDNA領域を含む一本鎖DNA(正鎖)の3’末端の一部(但し、前記目的とするDNA領域を含まない。)に対して相補性である塩基配列を有するオリゴヌクレオチド(以下、本オリゴヌクレオチドと記すこともある。)の5’末端を通常の遺伝子工学的な操作方法又は市販のキット・装置等に従い、担体に固定する(固相への結合)。具体的には例えば、本オリゴヌクレオチドの5’末端をビオチン化した後、得られたビオチン化オリゴヌクレオチドをストレプトアビジンで被覆した支持体(例えば、ストレプトアビジンで被覆したPCRチューブ、ストレプトアビジンで被覆した磁気ビーズ等)に固定する方法を挙げることができる。
 また、本オリゴヌクレオチドの5’末端側に、アミノ基、アルデヒド基、チオール基等の活性官能基を有する分子を共有結合させた後、これを表面がシランカップリング剤等で活性化させたガラス、シリカ若しくは耐熱性プラスチック製の支持体に、例えば、トリグリセリドを5個直列に連結したもの等のスペーサー、クロスリンカー等を介して共有結合させる方法も挙げられる。またさらに、ガラス若しくはシリコン製の支持体の上で直接、本オリゴヌクレオチドの5’末端側から化学合成させる方法も挙げられる。
 前記方法1~7に記載される第二工程は、具体的には例えば、本固定化オリゴヌクレオチドがビオチン化オリゴヌクレオチドの場合には、
(a)まず、哺乳動物由来検体中に含まれるゲノムDNA由来のDNA試料に、アニーリングバッファー及びビオチン化オリゴヌクレオチド(該一本鎖DNA(正鎖)と本固定化オリゴヌクレオチドとの結合後の段階で、本固定化オリゴヌクレオチドと担体との結合により固定化されるものであるために、現段階では遊離状態にあるもの)を添加することにより、混合物を得る。次いで、得られた混合物を、哺乳動物由来検体中に含まれるゲノムDNA由来のDNA試料に存在する目的とするDNA領域を含む二本鎖DNAを一本鎖にするために、95℃で数分間加熱する。その後、ビオチン化オリゴヌクレオチドとの二本鎖を形成させるために、ビオチン化オリゴヌクレオチドのTm値の約10~20℃低い温度まで速やかに冷却し、その温度で数分間保温する。
(b)その後、室温に戻す。
(c)ストレプトアビジンで被覆した支持体に、上記(b)で得られた混合物を添加し、さらに、これを37℃で数分間保温することにより、ビオチン化オリゴヌクレオチドをストレプトアビジンで被覆した支持体に固定する。
 前述の如く、上記(a)~(c)では、前記目的とするDNA領域を含む一本鎖DNA(正鎖)と、ビオチン化オリゴヌクレオチドとの結合を、ビオチン化オリゴヌクレオチドとストレプトアビジンで被覆した支持体との固定よりも前段階で実施しているが、この順番は、どちらが先でも構わない。即ち、例えば、ストレプトアビジンで被覆した支持体に固定化されたビオチン化オリゴヌクレオチドに、哺乳動物由来検体中に含まれるゲノムDNA由来のDNA試料を添加することにより混合物を得て、得られた混合物を哺乳動物由来検体中に含まれるゲノムDNA由来のDNA試料に存在する目的とするDNA領域を含む二本鎖DNAを一本鎖にするために、95℃で数分間加熱し、その後ビオチン化オリゴヌクレオチドとの二本鎖を形成させるために、ビオチン化オリゴヌクレオチドのTm値の約10~20℃低い温度まで速やかに冷却し、その温度で数分間保温してもよい。
(d)このようにしてビオチン化オリゴヌクレオチドをストレプトアビジンで被覆した支持体に固定した後、残溶液の除去及び洗浄(DNA精製)を行う。
 より具体的には例えば、ストレプトアビジンで被覆したPCRチューブを使用する場合には、まず溶液をピペッティング又はデカンテーションにより取り除いた後、これに哺乳動物由来検体の容量と略等量のTEバッファーを添加し、その後該TEバッファーをピペッティング又はデカンテーションにより取り除く。またストレプトアビジンで被覆した磁気ビーズを使用する場合には、磁石によりビーズを固定した後、まず溶液をピペッティング又はデカンテーションにより取り除いた後、哺乳動物由来検体の容量と略等量のTEバッファーを添加し、その後該TEバッファーをピペッティング又はデカンテーションにより取り除く。
 次いで、このような操作を数回実施することにより、残溶液の除去及び洗浄(DNA精製)を行う。
 当該操作は、固定化されていないDNA、又は、後述の制限酵素で消化された溶液中に浮遊しているDNA、を反応溶液から取り除くため、重要である。これら操作が不十分であれば、反応溶液中に浮遊しているDNAが鋳型となり、増幅反応で予期せぬ増幅産物が得られることとなる。支持体と哺乳動物由来検体中DNAとの非特異的結合を避けるためには、目的領域とはまったく異なる塩基配列を有するDNA(例えば、ヒトの哺乳動物由来検体の場合は、ラットDNA等)を大量に哺乳動物由来検体に添加し、上記の操作を実施する。
 前記方法1~7に記載される第二工程における好ましい態様としては、目的とするDNA領域を含む一本鎖DNA(正鎖)と、該一本鎖DNAの3’末端の一部(但し、前記目的とするDNA領域を含まない。)に対して相補性である塩基配列を有する一本鎖固定化オリゴヌクレオチドとを結合させる際に、二価陽イオンを含有する反応系中で結合させることを挙げることができる。より好ましくは、二価陽イオンがマグネシウムイオンであることが挙げられる。ここで「二価陽イオンを含有する反応系」とは、前記一本鎖DNA(正鎖)と前記一本鎖固定化オリゴヌクレオチドとを結合させるために用いられるアニーリングバッファー中に二価陽イオンを含有するような反応系を意味し、具体的には例えば、マグネシウムイオンを構成要素とする塩(例えば、Mg(OAc)、MgCl等)を1mM~600mMの濃度で含まれることがよい。
 前記方法1~7に記載される第三工程において、第二工程で選択された一本鎖DNAを鋳型として、前記一本鎖固定化オリゴヌクレオチドをプライマーとして、該プライマーを1回伸長させることにより、前記一本鎖DNAを二本鎖DNAとして伸長形成させる。この場合、該一本鎖DNAを鋳型として、前記一本鎖固定化オリゴヌクレオチドをプライマーとして、該プライマーを1回伸長させるためには、DNAポリメラーゼを用いて伸長反応を実施する。
 前記方法1~7に記載される第三工程は、具体的には例えば、本固定化オリゴヌクレオチドがビオチン化オリゴヌクレオチドの場合には、以下のように実施する。
 前記第二工程で選択された前記目的とするDNA領域を含む一本鎖DNAに、滅菌超純水を17.85μL、最適な10×緩衝液(100mM Tris−HCl pH 8.3、500mM KCl、15mM MgCl)を3μL、2mM dNTPを3μL、5Nベタインを6μL加え、次いで該混合物にAmpliTaq(DNAポリメラーゼの1種:5U/μL)を0.15μL加えて液量を30μLとし、37℃で2時間インキュベーションする。その後、インキュベーションされた溶液をピペッティング又はデカンテーションにより取り除いた後、これに哺乳動物由来検体の容量と略等量のTEバッファーを添加し、該TEバッファーをピペッティング又はデカンテーションにより取り除く。
 より具体的には例えば、ストレプトアビジンで被覆したPCRチューブを使用する場合には、まず溶液をピペッティング又はデカンテーションにより取り除いた後、これに哺乳動物由来検体の容量と略等量のTEバッファーを添加し、その後該TEバッファーをピペッティング又はデカンテーションにより取り除く。またストレプトアビジンで被覆した磁気ビーズを使用する場合には、磁石によりビーズを固定した後、まず溶液をピペッティング又はデカンテーションにより取り除いた後、哺乳動物由来検体の容量と略等量のTEバッファーを添加し、その後該TEバッファーをピペッティング又はデカンテーションにより取り除く。次いで、このような操作を数回実施することにより、残溶液の除去及び洗浄(DNA精製)を行う。
 前記方法1~7に記載される第三工程は、前記第二工程で選択された一本鎖DNAを固定化オリゴヌクレオチドから分離して一本鎖状態に一旦分離する工程を有し、生成した一本鎖状態であるDNA(正鎖)を鋳型として、前記目的とするDNA領域の塩基配列(正鎖)の3’末端より更に3’末端側に位置する部分塩基配列(正鎖)に対して相補性のある塩基配列(負鎖)を有するフォーワード用プライマーを伸長プライマーとして、該プライマーを1回伸長させることにより、前記の一本鎖DNAを二本鎖DNAとして伸長形成させる工程であってもよい。
 この場合の方法としては、具体的に例えば、二本鎖DNAを一本鎖にするために、95℃で数分間加熱する。さらに、フォーワード用プライマーを添加した後、フォーワード用プライマーのTm値の約10~20℃低い温度まで速やかに冷却し、その温度で数分間保温し、前記の生成した一本鎖状態であるDNA(正鎖)とフォーワード用プライマーとの二本鎖を形成させる。生成した二本鎖DNAの溶液に、最適な10×緩衝液(100mM Tris−HCl pH8.3、500mM KCl、15mM MgCl)を3μL、2mM dNTPを3μL、5N ベタインを6μL加え、次いで当該混合物にAmpliTaq(DNAポリメラーゼの1種:5U/μL)を0.15μL加え、滅菌超純水を加えて液量を30μLとし、37℃で2時間インキュベーションする。
 第三工程は、第四工程と独立に実施しても良いし、第四工程で実施されるPCR反応と連続して実施しても構わない。
 前記方法1~7に記載される第四工程において、下記の各本工程の前工程として、第三工程で得られた伸長形成された二本鎖DNA(前記メチル化感受性制限酵素の認識部位にアンメチル状態のCpG対を含まない伸長形成された二本鎖DNA)を一本鎖状態に一旦分離する工程(前工程)を有し、且つ、本工程として
(a)生成した一本鎖状態であるDNA(正鎖)と前記一本鎖固定化オリゴヌクレオチド(負鎖)とを結合させることにより、前記一本鎖状態であるDNAを選択する第A1工程と、第A1工程で選択された一本鎖状態であるDNAを鋳型として、前記一本鎖固定化オリゴヌクレオチドをプライマーとして、該プライマーを1回伸長させることにより、前記一本鎖状態であるDNAを二本鎖DNAとして伸長形成させる第A2工程とを有する第A工程(本工程)と、
(b)生成した一本鎖状態であるDNA(負鎖)を鋳型として、前記一本鎖状態であるDNA(負鎖)が有する塩基配列の部分塩基配列(負鎖)であって、且つ、前記目的とするDNA領域の塩基配列(正鎖)に対して相補性である塩基配列(負鎖)の3’末端よりさらに3’末端側に位置する部分塩基配列(負鎖)、に対して相補性である塩基配列(正鎖)を有する伸長プライマー(リバース用プライマー)を伸長プライマーとして、該伸長プライマーを1回伸長させることにより、前記一本鎖状態であるDNAを二本鎖DNAとして伸長形成させる第B工程(本工程)とを有し、
さらに第四工程の各本工程を、前記各本工程で得られた伸長形成された二本鎖DNAを一本鎖状態に一旦分離した後、繰り返すことにより、前記目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化されたDNAを検出可能な量になるまで増幅し、増幅されたDNAの量を定量する。
 前記方法1~7に記載される第四工程では、まず、下記の各本工程の前工程として、第三工程で得られた未消化物である伸長形成された二本鎖DNA(前記メチル化感受性制限酵素の認識部位にアンメチル状態のCpG対を含まない伸長形成された二本鎖DNA)を一本鎖状態に一旦分離する。具体的には例えば、第三工程で得られた未消化物である伸長形成された二本鎖DNA(前記メチル化感受性制限酵素の認識部位にアンメチル状態のCpG対を含まない伸長形成された二本鎖DNA)に、アニーリングバッファーを添加することにより、混合物を得る。次いで、得られた混合物を95℃で数分間加熱する。
 その後、本工程として、
(i)生成した一本鎖状態であるDNA(正鎖)を、前記一本鎖固定化オリゴヌクレオチド(負鎖)にアニーリングさせるために、前記一本鎖固定化オリゴヌクレオチド(負鎖)のTm値の約10~20℃低い温度まで速やかに冷却し、その温度で数分間保温する。
(ii)その後、室温に戻す。(第A工程における第A1工程)
(iii)上記(i)で選択された一本鎖状態であるDNAを鋳型として、前記一本鎖固定化オリゴヌクレオチドをプライマーとして、該プライマーを1回伸長させることにより、前記一本鎖状態であるDNAを二本鎖DNAとして伸長形成させる(即ち、第A工程における第A2工程)。具体的には例えば、後述の説明や前述の方法1~7に記載の第二工程における伸長反応での操作方法等に準じて実施する。
(iv)生成した一本鎖状態であるDNA(負鎖)を鋳型として、前記一本鎖状態であるDNA(負鎖)が有する塩基配列の部分塩基配列(負鎖)であって、且つ、前記目的とするDNA領域の塩基配列(正鎖)に対して相補性である塩基配列(負鎖)の3’末端よりさらに3’末端側に位置する部分塩基配列(負鎖)、に対して相補性である塩基配列(正鎖)を有する伸長プライマー(リバース用プライマー))を伸長プライマー(リバース用プライマー)として、該伸長プライマーを1回伸長させることにより、前記一本鎖状態であるDNAを二本鎖DNAとして伸長形成させる(即ち、第B工程)。具体的には例えば、上記(iii)と同様に、後述の説明や前述の方法1~7に記載の第二工程における伸長反応での操作方法等に準じて実施する。
(v)さらに第四工程の各本工程を、前記各本工程で得られた伸長形成された二本鎖DNAを一本鎖状態に一旦分離した後、繰り返すこと(例えば、第A工程及び第B工程)により、前記目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化されたDNAを検出可能な量になるまで増幅し、増幅されたDNAの量を定量する。具体的には例えば、上記と同様に、後述の説明や前述の方法1~7に記載される第四工程における前工程、第A工程及び第B工程での操作方法等に準じて実施する。
 前記方法1~7に記載されるメチル化感受性制限酵素による消化処理の後に目的とするDNA領域(即ち、目的領域)を増幅する方法としては、例えば、PCRを用いることができる。目的領域を増幅する際に、片側のプライマーとして固定化オリゴヌクレオチドを用いることができるので、もう一方のプライマーのみ添加してPCRを行うことにより、増幅産物が得られ、その増幅産物も固定化されることとなる。この際、予め蛍光等で標識されたプライマーを使用してその標識を指標とすれば、電気泳動等の煩わしい操作を実施せずに増幅産物の有無を評価できる。PCR反応液としては、例えば、前記方法1~7に記載の第三工程で得たDNAに、50μMのプライマーの溶液を0.15μlと、2mM dNTPを2.5μlと、10×緩衝液(100mM Tris−HCl pH 8.3、500mM KCl、20mM MgCl、0.01% Gelatin)を2.5μlと、AmpliTaq Gold(耐熱性DNAポリメラーゼの一種: 5U/μl)を0.2μlとを混合し、これに滅菌超純水を加えて液量を25μlとした反応液を挙げることができる。
 目的とするDNA領域(即ち、目的領域)は、GCリッチな塩基配列が多いため、時に、ベタイン、DMSO等を適量加えて反応を実施してもよい。反応条件としては、例えば、前記ように反応液を、95℃にて10分間保温した後、95℃にて30秒間次いで55~65℃にて30秒間さらに72℃にて30秒間を1サイクルとする保温を30~40サイクル行う条件があげられる。かかるPCRを行った後、得られた増幅産物を検出する。例えば、予め標識されたプライマーを使用した場合には、先と同様の洗浄・精製操作を実施後、固定化された蛍光標識体の量を測定することができる。また、標識されていない通常のプライマーを用いたPCRを実施した場合は、金コロイド粒子、蛍光等で標識したプローブ等をアニーリングさせ、目的領域に結合した該プローブの量を測定することにより検出することができる。また、増幅産物の量をより精度よく求めるには、例えば、リアルタイムPCR法を用いる。リアルタイムPCR法とは、PCRをリアルタイムでモニターし、得られたモニター結果をカイネティックス分析する方法であり、例えば、遺伝子量に関して2倍程度のほんのわずかな差異をも検出できる高精度の定量PCR法として知られる方法である。該リアルタイムPCR法には、例えば、鋳型依存性核酸ポリメラーゼプローブ等のプローブを用いる方法、サイバーグリーン等のインターカレーターを用いる方法等を挙げることができる。リアルタイムPCR法のための装置及びキットは市販されるものを利用してもよい。以上の如く、検出については特に限定されることはなく、これまでに周知のあらゆる方法による検出が可能である。これら方法では、反応容器を移し換えることなく検出までの操作が可能となる。
 更に、前記方法1~7に記載される固定化オリゴヌクレオチドと同じ塩基配列のビオチン化オリゴヌクレオチドを片側のプライマー、又は、固定化オリゴヌクレオチドより、3’端側に新しいビオチン化オリゴヌクレオチドを設計しそれを片側のプライマーとし、その相補側プライマーを用いて、目的領域を増幅することもできる。この場合、得られた増幅産物は、ストレプトアビジンで被覆した支持体があれば固定化されるので、例えば、ストレプトアビジンコートPCRチューブでPCRを実施した場合には、チューブ内に固定されるため、上記の通り、標識されたプライマーを用いれば、増幅産物の検出が容易である。また、先の固定化オリゴヌクレオチドが共有結合等による固定化の場合であれば、PCRで得られた増幅産物を含む溶液をストレプトアビジン被覆支持体が存在する容器に移し、増幅産物を固定化することが可能である。検出については、上述の通り実施する。目的領域を増幅する相補側のプライマーは、メチル化感受性制限酵素の認識部位を1つ以上有する目的領域を増幅でき、且つ、その認識部位を含まないプライマーでなければいけない。この理由は、以下の通りである。選択及び1回伸長反応で得られた二本鎖DNAの固定化オリゴヌクレオチド側のDNA鎖(新生鎖)の一番3’端側のメチル化感受性制限酵素の認識部位のみがメチル化されていない場合には、その部分だけがメチル化感受性制限酵素で消化されることになる。消化後、前述のように洗浄操作を行っても、新生鎖で言う3’端の一部だけを失った二本鎖DNAが固定化されたままの状態で存在する。相補側のプライマーが、この一番3’端側のメチル化感受性制限酵素の認識部位を含んでいた場合には、該プライマーの3’端側の数塩基が、新生鎖の3’端の数塩基とアニーリングし、その結果、目的領域がPCRにより増幅する可能性があるからである。
 前記方法1~7に記載される方法は、第四工程の前工程の前操作段階又は後操作段階において、前記目的とするDNA領域を含む一本鎖DNA(正鎖)の3’末端の一部(但し、前記目的とするDNA領域を含まない。)に対して相補性である塩基配列を有し且つ遊離状態である一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチド(負鎖)を反応系内に添加する工程(追加前工程)を追加的に有するような変法を含む。
 即ち、
(変法1)
 変法1は、前記方法1~7に記載される方法の第四工程の前工程の前操作段階において、
前記目的とするDNA領域を含む一本鎖DNA(正鎖)の3’末端の一部(但し、前記目的とするDNA領域を含まない。)に対して相補性である塩基配列を有し且つ遊離状態である一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチド(負鎖)を反応系内に添加する工程(追加前工程)を追加的に有し、且つ、
前記方法1~7に記載の方法の第四工程の各本工程として、下記の1つの工程をさらに追加的に有する方法である:
(c)(i)生成した一本鎖状態であるDNA(正鎖)と、上記の追加前工程で反応系内に添加された一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチド(負鎖)とを結合させることにより、前記一本鎖状態であるDNAを選択する第C1工程と、
(ii)第C1工程で選択された一本鎖状態であるDNAを鋳型として、前記一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチド(負鎖)をプライマーとして、該プライマーを1回伸長させることにより、前記一本鎖状態であるDNAを二本鎖DNAとして伸長形成させる第C2工程とを有する第C工程(本工程)。
(変法2)
 変法2は、前記方法1~7に記載される方法の第四工程の前工程の後操作段階において、
前記目的とするDNA領域を含む一本鎖DNA(正鎖)の3’末端の一部(但し、前記目的とするDNA領域を含まない。)に対して相補性である塩基配列を有し且つ遊離状態である一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチド(負鎖)を反応系内に添加する工程(追加前工程)を追加的に有し、且つ、第三工程及び上記の追加前工程を経て得られた未消化物である伸長形成された二本鎖DNA(前記メチル化感受性制限酵素の認識部位にアンメチル状態のCpG対を含まない伸長形成された二本鎖DNA)を一本鎖状態に一旦分離する工程(追加再前工程)を有し、且つ、
前記方法1~7に記載の方法の第四工程の各本工程として、下記の1つの工程をさらに追加的に有する方法(以下、方法1~7に記載のメチル化割合測定方法と記すこともある。)である:
(c)(i)生成した一本鎖状態であるDNA(正鎖)と、上記の追加前工程で反応系内に添加された一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチド(負鎖)とを結合させることにより、前記一本鎖状態であるDNAを選択する第C1工程と、
(ii)第C1工程で選択された一本鎖状態であるDNAを鋳型として、前記一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチド(負鎖)をプライマーとして、該プライマーを1回伸長させることにより、前記一本鎖状態であるDNAを二本鎖DNAとして伸長形成させる第C2工程とを有する第C工程(本工程)。
 前記方法1~7に記載される方法において、当該変法では、外部から「前記目的とするDNA領域を含む一本鎖DNA(正鎖)の3’末端の一部(但し、前記目的とするDNA領域を含まない。)に対して相補性である塩基配列を有し且つ遊離状態である一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチド(負鎖)」を反応系内に添加すること等により、第四工程における前述の目的とするDNA領域の増幅効率を容易に向上させることが可能となる。なお、追加前工程で反応系内に添加される一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチド(負鎖)は、一本鎖DNAの3’末端の一部(但し、前記目的とするDNA領域を含まない。)に対して相補性である塩基配列であって、5’末端が、前記一本鎖固定化オリゴヌクレオチドと同じである塩基配列を有する遊離状態である一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドであれば、前記一本鎖固定化オリゴヌクレオチドと同じ塩基配列であっても、又は、短い塩基配列であっても、或いは、長い配列であっても良い。ただし、前記一本鎖固定化オリゴヌクレオチドよりも長い配列の場合には、前記リバース用プライマー(正鎖)を伸長プライマーとし、該一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチド(負鎖)を鋳型として、伸長プライマーを伸長させる反応に利用できない遊離状態である一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチドでなければならない。
 前記方法1~7に記載される方法において、目的領域を増幅する際に、片側のプライマーとして固定化オリゴヌクレオチドを用いて、もう一方のプライマーのみ添加してPCRを行う例を前記したが、目的産物の検出のために他の方法(例えば、PCRで得られた各々の増幅産物の量を比較することができる分析方法)を実施するのであれば、上記の如く、目的領域を増幅する際に、固定化オリゴヌクレオチドを一方(片側)のプライマーとして使用せず、一対のプライマーを添加してPCRを実施してもよい。かかるPCRを行った後、得られた増幅産物の量を求める。
 前記方法1~7に記載される方法において、第四工程は繰り返し工程を有するが、例えば、第A1工程における「生成した一本鎖状態であるDNA(正鎖)」とは、第1回目の第四工程の操作及び第2回目以降の第四工程の繰り返し操作の両操作において「生成した『遊離の』一本鎖状態であるDNA(正鎖)」を意味することになる。
 また、第B工程における「生成した一本鎖状態であるDNA(負鎖)」とは、第1回目の第四工程の操作及び第2回目以降の第四工程の繰り返し操作の両操作において「生成した『固定の』一本鎖状態であるDNA(正鎖)」を意味する。但し、第四工程がさらに追加的にC工程を有する場合には、第1回目の第四工程の操作において「生成した『固定の』一本鎖状態であるDNA(正鎖)」を意味し、一方、第2回目以降の第四工程の繰り返し操作において「生成した『固定の』一本鎖状態であるDNA(正鎖)」と「生成した『遊離の』一本鎖状態であるDNA(正鎖)」との両者を意味することになる。
 前記方法1~7に記載される方法において、第四工程の各本工程で得られた「伸長形成された二本鎖DNA」とは、第A工程の場合には、第1回目の第四工程の操作において「前記メチル化感受性制限酵素の認識部位に、アンメチル状態のCpG対を含まない伸長形成された二本鎖DNA」を意味し、一方、第2回目以降の第四工程の繰り返し操作において「前記メチル化感受性制限酵素の認識部位に、アンメチル状態のCpG対を含まない伸長形成された二本鎖DNA」と「前記メチル化感受性制限酵素の認識部位に、アンメチル状態のCpG対を含む伸長形成された二本鎖DNA」との両者を意味することになる。第B工程の場合には、第1回目の第四工程の操作及び第2回目以降の第四工程の繰り返し操作の両操作において「前記メチル化感受性制限酵素の認識部位では全てがアンメチル状態のCpG対である伸長形成された二本鎖DNA」を意味することになる。
 第四工程がさらに追加的にC工程を有する場合にも同様である。
 前記方法1~7に記載される方法において、第四工程がさらに追加的にC工程を有する場合において、第C1工程における「生成した一本鎖状態であるDNA(正鎖)」とは、第1回目の第四工程の操作及び第2回目以降の第四工程の繰り返し操作の両操作において「生成した『遊離の』一本鎖状態であるDNA(正鎖)」を意味することになる。
 前記方法1~7に記載される方法における工程に加えて、下記の2つの工程をさらに追加的に有するメチル化割合の測定方法(即ち、前記方法1~7に記載のメチル化割合測定方法)であってもよい:
(5)前記方法1~7に記載される方法の(前記変法を含む)、第一工程及び第二工程を行った後、前記方法1~7に記載される方法(前記変法を含む)の第三工程を行うことなく、前記方法1~7に記載(前記変法を含む)される第四工程を行うことにより、前記目的とするDNA領域のDNA(メチル化されたDNA及びメチルされていないDNAの総量)を検出可能な量になるまで増幅し、増幅されたDNAの量を定量する第五工程、及び、
(6)前記方法1~7に記載される方法(前記変法を含む)の第四工程により定量されたDNAの量と、第五工程により定量されたDNAの量とを比較することにより得られる差異に基づき前記目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化されたDNAの割合を算出する第六工程。
 このような本発明又は本発明のメチル化割合測定方法において、本DNAの塩基配列を目的とするDNA領域として、目的とするDNA領域のメチル化されたDNA量の測定、メチル化割合の測定を行うための各種方法で使用し得る制限酵素、プライマー又はプローブは、検出用キットの試薬として有用である。本発明は、これら制限酵素、プライマー又はプローブ等を試薬として含有する検出用キットや、これらプライマー又はプローブ等が担体上に固定化されてなる検出用チップも提供しており、本発明又は本発明のメチル化割合測定方法の権利範囲は、当該方法の実質的な原理を利用してなる検出用キットや検出用チップのような形態での使用も含むものである。
 本発明評価方法において「メチル化頻度又はそれに相関関係がある指標値を測定する」際の他実施態様の一例としては、例えば、以下に示される方法8~15等を挙げることもできる。
[方法8]
 方法8は、以下の工程を含む:
第一工程、第二工程、及び
第三工程(第一前工程、第二前工程((i)第二(A)前工程、(ii)第二(B)前工程)、第三前工程、本工程((i)第A工程((i1)第A1工程、(i2)第A2工程)、(ii)第B工程)、繰り返し工程((i)増幅工程、(ii)定量工程))。
 具体的には方法8は、生物由来検体中に含まれるゲノムDNAが有する目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化されたDNAの含量を測定する方法であって、
(1)生物由来検体中に含まれるゲノムDNA由来のDNA試料から、目的とするDNA領域を含む一本鎖DNA(正鎖)と、当該一本鎖DNAの目的とするDNA領域に対して相補性である塩基配列を有する一本鎖固定化オリゴヌクレオチドとを結合させることにより、前記の一本鎖DNAを選択し、選択された一本鎖DNAと前記の一本鎖固定化オリゴヌクレオチドとが結合してなる二本鎖DNAを結合形成させる第一工程、
(2)第一工程で結合形成させた二本鎖DNAを少なくとも1種類以上のメチル化感受性制限酵素で消化処理した後、生成した遊離の消化物(前記のメチル化感受性制限酵素の認識部位に少なくとも1つ以上のアンメチル状態のCpG対を含む二本鎖DNA)を除去する第二工程、及び、
(3)下記の各本工程の前工程として、第二工程で得られた未消化物である結合形成された二本鎖DNA(前記のメチル化感受性制限酵素の認識部位にアンメチル状態のCpG対を含まない結合形成された二本鎖DNA)を一本鎖状態に一旦分離する工程(第一前工程)と、
生成した遊離の一本鎖状態であるDNA(正鎖)と、前記の一本鎖固定化オリゴヌクレオチドとを結合させることにより、前記の生成した遊離の一本鎖状態であるDNAを選択し、選択された一本鎖DNAと前記の一本鎖固定化オリゴヌクレオチドとが結合してなる二本鎖DNAを結合形成させる工程(第二(A)前工程)と、
当該工程(第二(A)前工程)で結合形成された二本鎖DNAを、前記の選択された一本鎖DNAを鋳型として、前記の一本鎖固定化オリゴヌクレオチドをプライマーとして、当該プライマーを1回伸長させることにより、前記の選択された一本鎖DNAを伸長形成された二本鎖DNAとする工程(第二(B)前工程)と
を有する工程(第二前工程)と、
第二前工程で伸長形成された二本鎖DNA(前記のメチル化感受性制限酵素の認識部位にアンメチル状態のCpG対を含まない伸長形成された二本鎖DNA)を、一本鎖状態であるDNA(正鎖)と一本鎖状態であるDNA(負鎖)に一旦分離する工程(第三前工程)とを有し、且つ、本工程として
(a)生成した一本鎖状態であるDNA(正鎖)と、前記の一本鎖固定化オリゴヌクレオチド(負鎖)とを結合させることにより、前記の一本鎖状態であるDNAを選択する第A1工程と、第A1工程で選択された一本鎖状態であるDNAを鋳型として、前記の一本鎖固定化オリゴヌクレオチドをプライマーとして、当該プライマーを1回伸長させることにより、前記の一本鎖状態であるDNAを二本鎖DNAとして伸長形成させる第A2工程とを有する第A工程(本工程)と、
(b)生成した一本鎖状態であるDNA(負鎖)を鋳型として、前記の一本鎖状態であるDNA(負鎖)が有する塩基配列の部分塩基配列(負鎖)であって、且つ、前記の目的とするDNA領域の塩基配列(正鎖)に対して相補性である塩基配列(負鎖)の3’末端よりさらに3’末端側に位置する部分塩基配列(負鎖)、に対して相補性である塩基配列(正鎖)を有し、且つ、前記の一本鎖固定化オリゴヌクレオチドを鋳型とする伸長反応に利用できない伸長プライマー(リバース用プライマー)を伸長プライマーとして、当該伸長プライマーを1回伸長させることにより、前記の一本鎖状態であるDNAを伸長形成された二本鎖DNAとする第B工程(本工程)とを有し、さらに第三工程の各本工程を、前記各本工程で得られた伸長形成された二本鎖DNAを一本鎖状態に一旦分離した後、繰り返すことにより、前記の目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化されたDNAを検出可能な量になるまで増幅し、増幅されたDNAの量を定量する第三工程、
を有する方法である。
[方法9]
 方法9は、以下の工程を含む:
第一工程、第二工程、及び
第三工程(第一前工程、第二前工程((i)第二(A)前工程、(ii)第二(B)前工程)、第三前工程、本工程((i)第A工程((i1)第A1工程、(i2)第A2工程)、(ii)第B工程)、繰り返し工程((i)増幅工程、(ii)定量工程))。
 具体的には方法9は、第一工程において、目的とするDNA領域を含む一本鎖DNA(正鎖)と、当該一本鎖DNAの目的とするDNA領域に対して相補性である塩基配列を有する一本鎖固定化オリゴヌクレオチドとを結合させる際に、二価陽イオンを含有する反応系中で結合させる、前記方法8に記載される方法である。
[方法10]
 方法10は、以下の工程を含む:
第一工程、第二工程、及び
第三工程(第一前工程、第二前工程((i)第二(A)前工程、(ii)第二(B)前工程))、第三前工程、本工程((i)第A工程((i1)第A1工程、(i2)第A2工程)、(ii)第B工程)、繰り返し工程((i)増幅工程、(ii)定量工程))。
 具体的には方法10は、二価陽イオンがマグネシウムイオンである、前記方法9に記載される方法である。
[方法11]
 方法11は、以下の工程を含む:
第一工程、第二工程、及び
第三工程(第一前工程(追加前工程を含む)、第二前工程((i)第二(A)前工程、(ii)第二(B)前工程)、第三前工程、本工程((i)第A工程((i1)第A1工程、(i2)第A2工程)、(ii)第B工程、(iii)第C工程((iii1)第C1工程、(iii2)第C2工程))、繰り返し工程((i)増幅工程、(ii)定量工程))。
 具体的には方法11は、前記方法8~10のいずれかの前記方法に記載される第三工程の第一前工程の前操作段階において、
前記の目的とするDNA領域を含む一本鎖DNA(正鎖)の3’末端の一部に対して相補性である塩基配列を有し且つ遊離状態である一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチド(負鎖)を反応系内に添加する工程(追加前工程)を追加的に有し、且つ、
前記方法1~3のいずれかの前記方法に記載の第三工程の各本工程として、下記の1つの工程をさらに追加的に有する方法である:
(c)(i)生成した一本鎖状態であるDNA(正鎖)と、上記の追加前工程で反応系内に添加された一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチド(負鎖)とを結合させることにより、前記の一本鎖状態であるDNAを選択する第C1工程と、
(ii)第C1工程で選択された一本鎖状態であるDNAを鋳型として、前記の一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチド(負鎖)をプライマーとして、当該プライマーを1回伸長させることにより、前記の一本鎖状態であるDNAを伸長形成された二本鎖DNAとする第C2工程と
を有する第C工程(本工程)。
[方法12]
 方法12は、以下の工程を含む:
第一工程、第二工程、及び
第三工程(第一前工程(追加前工程及び追加再前工程を含む)、第二前工程((i)第二(A)前工程、(ii)第二(B)前工程)、第三前工程、本工程((i)第A工程((i1)第A1工程、(i2)第A2工程)、(ii)第B工程、(iii)第C工程((iii1)第C1工程、(iii2)第C2工程))、繰り返し工程((i)増幅工程、(ii)定量工程))。
 具体的には方法12は、前記方法8~10のいずれかに記載される第三工程の第一前工程の後操作段階において、
前記の目的とするDNA領域を含む一本鎖DNA(正鎖)の3’末端の一部に対して相補性である塩基配列を有し且つ遊離状態である一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチド(負鎖)を反応系内に添加する工程(追加前工程)を追加的に有し、且つ、第二工程及び上記の追加前工程を経て得られた未消化物である二本鎖DNA(前記のメチル化感受性制限酵素の認識部位にアンメチル状態のCpG対を含まない伸長形成された二本鎖DNA)を一本鎖状態に一旦分離する工程(追加再前工程)を有し、且つ、
前記方法8~10のいずれかに記載の第三工程の各本工程として、下記の1つの工程をさらに追加的に有する方法である:
(c)(i)生成した一本鎖状態であるDNA(正鎖)と、上記の追加前工程で反応系内に添加された一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチド(負鎖)とを結合させることにより、前記の一本鎖状態であるDNAを選択する第C1工程と、
(ii)第C1工程で選択された一本鎖状態であるDNAを鋳型として、前記の一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチド(負鎖)をプライマーとして、当該プライマーを1回伸長させることにより、前記の一本鎖状態であるDNAを伸長形成された二本鎖DNAとする第C2工程と
を有する第C工程(本工程)。
[方法13]
 方法13は、以下の工程を含む:
第一工程、第二工程、及び
第三工程(第一前工程(追加前工程を含む)、第二前工程((i)第二(A)前工程、(ii)第二(B)前工程)、第三前工程、本工程((i)第A工程((i1)第A1工程、(i2)第A2工程)、(ii)第B工程、(iii)第C工程((iii1)第C1工程、(iii2)第C2工程))、繰り返し工程((i)増幅工程、(ii)定量工程))。
 具体的には方法13は、前記方法8~10のいずれかに記載される第三工程の第三前工程の前操作段階において、
前記の目的とするDNA領域を含む一本鎖DNA(正鎖)の3’末端の一部に対して相補性である塩基配列を有し且つ遊離状態である一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチド(負鎖)を反応系内に添加する工程(追加前工程)を追加的に有し、且つ、
前記方法8~10のいずれかの前記方法記載の第三工程の各本工程として、下記の1つの工程をさらに追加的に有する方法である:
(c)(i)生成した一本鎖状態であるDNA(正鎖)と、上記の追加前工程で反応系内に添加された一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチド(負鎖)とを結合させることにより、前記の一本鎖状態であるDNAを選択する第C1工程と、
(ii)第C1工程で選択された一本鎖状態であるDNAを鋳型として、前記の一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチド(負鎖)をプライマーとして、当該プライマーを1回伸長させることにより、前記の一本鎖状態であるDNAを伸長形成された二本鎖DNAとする第C2工程と
を有する第C工程(本工程)。
[方法14]
 方法14は、以下の工程を含む:
第一工程、第二工程、及び
第三工程(第一前工程(追加前工程及び追加再前工程を含む)、第二前工程((i)第二(A)前工程、(ii)第二(B)前工程)、第三前工程、本工程((i)第A工程((i1)第A1工程、(i2)第A2工程)、(ii)第B工程、(iii)第C工程((iii1)第C1工程、(iii2)第C2工程))、繰り返し工程((i)増幅工程、(ii)定量工程))。
 具体的には方法14は、前記方法8~10のいずれかに記載される第三工程の第三前工程の後操作段階において、
前記の目的とするDNA領域を含む一本鎖DNA(正鎖)の3’末端の一部に対して相補性である塩基配列を有し且つ遊離状態である一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチド(負鎖)を反応系内に添加する工程(追加前工程)を追加的に有し、且つ、第二工程及び上記の追加前工程を経て得られた未消化物である二本鎖DNA(前記のメチル化感受性制限酵素の認識部位にアンメチル状態のCpG対を含まない伸長形成された二本鎖DNA)を一本鎖状態に一旦分離する工程(追加再前工程)を有し、且つ、
前記方法8~10のいずれかに記載の第三工程の各本工程として、下記の1つの工程をさらに追加的に有することを特徴とする方法である:
(c)(i)生成した一本鎖状態であるDNA(正鎖)と、上記の追加前工程で反応系内に添加された一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチド(負鎖)とを結合させることにより、前記の一本鎖状態であるDNAを選択する第C1工程と、
(ii)第C1工程で選択された一本鎖状態であるDNAを鋳型として、前記の一本鎖オリゴヌクレオチド(負鎖)をプライマーとして、当該プライマーを1回伸長させることにより、前記の一本鎖状態であるDNAを伸長形成された二本鎖DNAとする第C2工程と
を有する第C工程(本工程)。
[方法15]
 方法15は、以下の工程を含む:
第一工程、
第三工程(第一前工程、第二前工程((i)第二(A)前工程、(ii)第二(B)前工程)、第三前工程、本工程((i)第A工程((i1)第A1工程、(i2)第A2工程)、(ii)第B工程)、
第四工程((i)増幅工程、(ii)定量工程)及び
第五工程。
 具体的には方法15は、前記方法8~14のいずれかに記載される方法の工程として、下記の2つの工程をさらに追加的に有するメチル化割合の測定方法であって:
(4)前記方法8~14のいずれかに記載される方法の第一工程を行った後、前記方法8~14のいずれかに記載される方法の第二工程を行うことなく、前記方法8~14のいずれかに記載の方法における第三工程を行うことにより、前記の目的とするDNA領域のDNA(メチル化されたDNA及びメチルされていないDNAの総量)を検出可能な量になるまで増幅し、増幅されたDNAの量を定量する第四工程、及び、
(5)前記方法8~14のいずれかに記載の第三工程により定量されたDNAの量と、第四工程により定量されたDNAの量とを比較することにより得られる差異に基づき前記の目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化されたDNAの割合を算出する第五工程、を有する。
 本発明評価方法の第一工程において、哺乳動物由来の検体に含まれる本DNAのメチル化頻度に相関関係がある指標値を測定する方法としては、例えば、本DNAの下流に存在する遺伝子の転写産物であるmRNAの量や本DNAのメチル化によって発現量が減少する遺伝子の転写産物であるmRNAの量を測定する方法をあげることができる。当該測定には、例えば、リアルタイムPCR法、ノザンブロット法〔Molecular Cloning,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory(1989)〕、in situ RT−PCR法〔Nucleic Acids Res.,21,3159−3166(1993)〕、in situハイブリダイゼーション法、NASBA法〔Nucleic acid sequence−based amplification,nature,350,91−92(1991)〕等の公知な方法を用いる。
 哺乳動物由来の検体に含まれる本DNAの下流に存在する遺伝子の転写産物であるmRNAや本DNAのメチル化によって発現量が減少する遺伝子の転写産物であるmRNAを含む試料は、通常の方法に準じて当該検体から抽出、精製等により調製する。
 調製された試料中に含まれるmRNAの量を測定するためにノザンブロット法が用いられる場合には、検出用プローブは、本DNAの下流に存在する遺伝子もしくは本DNAのメチル化によって発現量が減少する遺伝子又はそれらの一部(本DNAの下流に存在する遺伝子の制限酵素切断物、本DNAの下流に存在する遺伝子の塩基配列に従い化学合成された約100塩基~約1000塩基程度のオリゴヌクレオチド等)を含むものであればよく、前記試料中に含まれるmRNAとのハイブリダイゼーションにおいて用いられる検出条件下に検出可能な特異性を与えるものであれば特に制限はない。
 調製された試料中に含まれるmRNAの量を測定するためにリアルタイムPCR法が用いられる場合には、使用されるプライマーは、本DNAの下流に存在する遺伝子もしくは本DNAのメチル化によって発現量が減少する遺伝子のみを特異的に増幅できるものであればよく、その増幅する領域や塩基長等には特に制限はない。リアルタイム−PCR法による転写産物の量を測定することもできる。定量を必要とする場合には、PCR反応産物をリアルタイムでモニタリングしカイネティックス分析を行うことにより、例えば、遺伝子量に関して2倍程度のほんのわずかな差異をも検出できる高精度の定量が可能なPCR法であるリアルタイムPCRを用いて、それぞれの産物の量を比較することもできる。リアルタイムPCRを行う方法としては、例えば、鋳型依存性核酸ポリメラーゼプローブ等のプローブを用いる方法又はサイバーグリーン等のインターカレーターを用いる方法等が挙げられる。リアルタイムPCR法のための装置及びキットは既に市販されている。
 本発明評価方法の第一工程において、哺乳動物由来の検体に含まれる本DNAのメチル化頻度に相関関係がある指標値を測定する他の方法としては、例えば、本DNAの下流に存在する遺伝子もしくは本DNAのメチル化によって発現量が減少する遺伝子の翻訳産物であるタンパク質の量を測定する方法をあげることもできる。当該測定には、例えば、当該タンパク質に対する特異的抗体(モノクロナル抗体、ポリクロナル抗体)を用いた、細胞工学ハンドブック、羊土社、207(1992)等に記載されるイムノブロット法、免疫沈降による分離法、間接競合阻害法(ELISA法)等の公知な方法を用いる。
 タンパク質に対する特異的抗体は、当該タンパク質を免疫抗原として用いる通常の免疫学的な方法に準じて製造することができる。
 以上のような各種方法を用いて、哺乳動物由来の検体に含まれる目的とするDNAのメチル化頻度に相関関係がある指標値を測定する。測定されたメチル化頻度に相関関係がある指標値と、例えば、大腸癌細胞等の癌細胞を持たないと診断され得る健常な哺乳動物由来の検体に含まれる目的とするDNAのメチル化頻度に相関関係がある指標値(対照)とを比較して、当該比較により得られる差異に基づき前記検体の癌化度を判定する。仮に、哺乳動物由来の検体に含まれる目的とするDNAのメチル化頻度に正の相関関係がある指標値が対照と比較して高ければ又は負の相関関係がある指標値が対照と比較して低ければ(目的とするDNAが対照と比較の上で高メチル化状態であれば)、当該検体の癌化度が対照と比較の上で高いと判定することができる。
 本発明評価方法における、目的とするDNAのメチル化頻度又はそれに相関関係がある指標値を測定するための各種方法で使用し得るプライマー、プローブ又は特異的抗体は、大腸癌細胞等の癌細胞の検出用キットの試薬として有用である。本発明は、これらプライマー、プローブ又は特異的抗体等を試薬として含有する大腸癌細胞等の癌細胞の検出用キットや、これらプライマー、プローブ又は特異的抗体等が担体上に固定化されてなる大腸癌細胞等の癌細胞の検出用チップも提供しており、本発明評価方法の権利範囲は、当該方法の実質的な原理を利用してなる前記のような検出用キットや検出用チップのような形態での使用も含むものである。
The present invention is described in detail below.
The present invention relates to the use of methylated DNA as a cancer marker (eg, colon cancer marker, breast cancer marker, lung cancer marker, etc.).
“Cancer” in the present invention includes, for example, lung cancer (non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer), esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, duodenal cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocellular carcinoma), gallbladder cancer, Bile duct cancer, pancreatic cancer, colon cancer, anal cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, vulvar cancer, vaginal cancer, prostate cancer, kidney cancer, ureteral cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, penis Cancer, testicular cancer, maxillary cancer, tongue cancer, (upper, middle, lower) pharyngeal cancer, laryngeal cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, malignant lymphoma, Solid tumors that develop in mammalian organs, such as myelodysplastic syndrome, thyroid cancer, brain tumor, osteosarcoma, skin cancer (basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma), and non-solid cancers that develop in mammalian blood Any cancer is included.
In the present invention, a subject who develops cancer is described as a “cancer patient”, a subject who does not develop cancer is described as a “non-cancer patient”, and a non-cancer site in human tissue or a subject who does not develop cancer In some cases, the tissue collected from the above is referred to as “normal tissue”, and the blood collected from the subject who has not developed cancer is referred to as “normal blood”.
Examples of the “cancer marker” in the present invention include a tissue in which cancer occurs in a mammal and an index that can indirectly grasp the degree of canceration. Specifically, for example, as a colorectal cancer marker, there is an index made of a biological substance that can indirectly grasp the presence or absence of colorectal cancer, the degree of canceration of colorectal cancer, the nature of cancer described as benign or malignant, etc. be able to.
Examples of the DNA used as the marker DNA in the present invention include one or more DNAs (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the present DNA) having a base sequence selected from the following base sequences.
(A) The nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 (Genbank Accession No. NT — 022171.15, 12175690-12176178, Homoapiens) or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1
(B) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 1 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 1
(C) the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 (Genbank Accession No. NT — 005403.17, 75486912-75487393, Homoapiens) or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2
(D) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 2 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 2
(E) a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3 (Genbank Accession No. NT_005612.16, 5357894-53557166, Homoapiens) or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3
(F) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 3 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 3
(G) The nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4 (Genbank Accession No. NT — 006576.16, 14316619-14316186, Homoapiens) or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4
(H) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 4 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 4
(I) a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5 (Genbank Accession No. NT — 029289.11, 10354292-10354661, Homoapiens) or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5
(J) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 5 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 5
(K) the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6 (Genbank Accession No. NT — 007592.15, 26671779-26661515, Homoapiens) or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6
(L) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 6 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 6
(M) a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7 (Genbank Accession No. NT — 113891.2, 256579-256958, Homoapiens) or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7
(N) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 7 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 7
(O) The nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8 (Genbank Accession No. NT_0075922, 42159778-421160229, Homoapiens) or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8
(P) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 8 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 8
(Q) SEQ ID NO: 9 (Genbank Accession No. NT — 007592.15, 5538171-553383670, Homoapiens) or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 9
(R) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 9 or a nucleotide sequence having a homology of 80% or more with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 9
(S) The nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10 (Genbank Accession No. NT — 030059.13, 30491593-30491957, Homoapiens) or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10.
(T) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 10 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 10
(U) a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11 (Genbank Accession No. NT_03898999.8, 28297833-28298273, Homoapiens) or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11
(V) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 11 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 11
(W) The nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12 (Genbank Accession No. NT — 0338999.8, 28298052-28298521, Homoapiens) or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12
(X) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 12 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 12
(Y) the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13 (Genbank Accession No. NT_011362.10, 24774687-24747253, Homoapiens) or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13
(Z) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 13 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 13
(Aa) The nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 14 (Genbank Accession No. NT_011519.10, 2547951-2548291, Homoapiens) or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 14
(Ab) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 14 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 14
(Ac) The nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 15 (Genbank Accession No. NT_004350.19, 1161852-1216153, Homoapiens) or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 15
(Ad) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 15 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 15
(Ae) The nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 16 (Genbank Accession No. NT — 016354.19, 5428867-5428472, Homoapiens) or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 16
(Af) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 16 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 16
(Ag) The nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 17 (Genbank Accession No. NT — 006576.16, 17509792-17510071, Homoapiens) or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 17
(Ah) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 17 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 17
(Ai) The nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 18 (Genbank Accession No. NT — 006576.16, 175098828-17509379, Homoapiens) or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 18
(Aj) A nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 18 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 18
(Ak) The nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 19 (Genbank Accession No. NT — 1671877.1, 9763431, 9763927, Homoapiens) or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 19
(Al) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 19 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 19
The nucleotide sequences represented by SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 19 are nucleotide sequences registered in NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information), which are NCBI WEB pages (URL; http: //www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov) and can be obtained by searching the database based on the registration number (Accession No).
In the present DNA, the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequences (a) to (al) is preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95%, 98% or 99% or more. Base sequences having the property. The base sequence also includes DNA having a base sequence in which deletion, substitution, or addition of a base is caused by a naturally occurring mutation due to species difference, individual difference, organ, or tissue difference of an organism.
In addition, as the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence complementary to the base sequences (a) to (al) in the present DNA, preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95%, Examples thereof include base sequences having 98% or 99% sequence homology. The base sequence also includes DNA having a base sequence in which deletion, substitution, or addition of a base is caused by a naturally occurring mutation due to species difference, individual difference, organ, or tissue difference of an organism.
Here, “complementary base sequence” refers to a base sequence that can form a base pair with the original base sequence, and “base pair” refers to adenine (A) among nucleic acid bases. This refers to thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C) paired by hydrogen bonding.
In mammals, there is a phenomenon in which only cytosine is methylated out of four types of bases constituting a gene (genomic DNA). In a genomic DNA having a base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 (Genbank Accession No. NT_022171.15, 12175690-12176178, Homoapiens) on a genome derived from a mammal, a part of cytosine of the DNA is methyl. It has become. The DNA methylation modification is a base sequence represented by 5′-CG-3 ′ (C represents cytosine and G represents guanine. Hereinafter, the base sequence may be referred to as CpG). Limited to cytosine. The site that is methylated in cytosine is at position 5. During DNA replication prior to cell division, only cytosine in CpG of the template strand is methylated immediately after replication, but cytosine in CpG of the nascent strand is also methylated immediately by the action of methyltransferase. . Therefore, the DNA methylation state is inherited as it is by two new sets of DNA even after DNA replication.
In the first step of the evaluation method of the present invention, “methylation frequency” means, for example, that cytosine is methylated when the presence or absence of cytosine methylation in CpG to be investigated is examined for a plurality of haploids. Expressed as a percentage of haploid.
In the first step of the evaluation method of the present invention, the “index value correlated with (methylation frequency)” is represented by, for example, SEQ ID NO: 1 (Genbank Accession No. NT — 02171.115, 12175690-12176178, Homo sapiens). The expression level is decreased by the amount of the expression product of the downstream gene of the DNA having the base sequence to be detected (more specifically, the amount of the transcription product of the gene) or the methylation of the DNA having any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 19 The amount of the expression product of the gene to be treated can be raised. In the case of the amount of such an expression product, there is a negative correlation that decreases as the methylation frequency increases.
As a sample derived from a mammal in the first step of the evaluation method of the present invention, a biological sample may be used as it is, and it was prepared from such a biological sample by various operations such as separation, fractionation, and immobilization. A biological sample may be used as a specimen. Examples of such specimens include (a) mammal-derived blood, body fluid, urine, body secretion, cell lysate or tissue lysate, and (b) mammal-derived blood, body fluid, urine, body secretion. DNA extracted from one selected from the group consisting of cell lysate and tissue lysate, (c) extracted from one selected from the group consisting of mammal-derived tissue, cells, tissue lysate and cell lysate Examples thereof include DNA prepared using RNA as a template. The tissue has a broad meaning including blood, lymph nodes, and the like, the body fluid means plasma, serum, lymph, and the like, and the body secretion means urine, milk, and the like.
When the cancer is colorectal cancer, colon tissue collected from a test animal can be used. Moreover, when cancer is breast cancer, the breast tissue extract | collected from the test animal etc. can be mention | raise | lifted. When cancer is lung cancer, the lung tissue etc. which were extract | collected from the test animal can be mention | raise | lifted. When the mammal-derived specimen is blood, body fluid, body secretion, or the like, it is possible to use a sample collected by a periodic health examination or a simple examination.
Examples of the “mammal” in the present invention include all animals belonging to mammals. An animal belonging to a mammal is a general term for animals classified into the animal kingdom Chordate vertebrate submammal class (Mammalia). More specifically, examples include humans, monkeys, marmosets, guinea pigs, rats, mice, cows, sheep, dogs, cats and the like.
Examples of the “body fluid” in the present invention include a liquid existing between cells constituting a solid, such as plasma and interstitial fluid (in many cases, a function of maintaining the homeostasis of the solid). . Specifically, for example, lymph fluid, tissue fluid (tissue fluid, intercellular fluid, interstitial fluid), body cavity fluid, serous cavity fluid, pleural effusion, ascites, pericardial fluid, cerebrospinal fluid (spinal fluid), joint fluid (synovial fluid) ), Aqueous humor (aqueous humor), cerebrospinal fluid, intrauterine exudate, and the like.
Examples of the “body secretion” in the present invention include secretions from exocrine glands. Specific examples include saliva, gastric juice, bile, intestinal fluid, sweat, tears, runny nose, semen, vaginal fluid, amniotic fluid, and milk.
The “cell lysate” in the present invention includes, for example, an intracellular fluid obtained by disrupting cells cultured on a 10 cm plate for cell culture or the like (ie, cell lines, primary cultured cells, blood cells, etc.). A lysis solution can be mentioned.
Here, examples of the method for destroying the cell membrane include a method using ultrasonic waves, a method using a surfactant, and a method using an alkaline solution. Various commercially available kits may be used to lyse the cells.
Specifically, for example, after culturing cells on a 10 cm plate until confluent, the culture solution is discarded, and 0.6 mL of RIPA buffer (1 × TBS, 1% nonidet P-40, 0.5% sodium deo × ysholate, 0.1% SDS, 0.004% sodium azide) is added to a 10 cm plate. After gently shaking the plate at 4 ° C. for 15 minutes, adherent cells on the 10 cm plate are peeled off using a scraper or the like, and the lysate on the plate is transferred to a microtube. After adding 1/10 volume of 10 mg / mL PMSF of the lysate, leave on ice for 30-60 minutes. The supernatant is obtained as a cell lysate by centrifuging at 10,000 × g for 10 minutes at 4 ° C.
Examples of the “tissue lysate” in the present invention include a lysate containing intracellular fluid obtained by destroying cells in tissue collected from animals such as mammals.
Specifically, for example, after measuring the weight of a tissue obtained from a mammal, the tissue is cut into small pieces using a razor or the like. When slicing frozen tissue, it is necessary to make smaller pieces. After cutting, ice-cold RIPA buffer (protease inhibitor, phosphatase inhibitor, etc. may be added, for example, 10 mg / mL PMSF of 1/10 volume of RIPA buffer may be added) at a ratio of 3 mL per 1 g of tissue. Add and homogenize at 4 ° C. For homogenization, a sonicator or a pressurized cell disrupter is used. In the homogenization operation, the solution is always maintained at 4 ° C. to suppress the exotherm. The homogenized solution is transferred to a microtube and centrifuged at 10,000 × g for 10 minutes at 4 ° C. to obtain the supernatant as a tissue lysate.
In the first step of the evaluation method of the present invention, a method for measuring the methylation frequency of the present DNA contained in a mammal-derived specimen or an index value correlated therewith is performed, for example, as follows.
As a first method, the target DNA is treated with bisulfite such as sodium bisulfite, and then amplified by PCR using a primer that can identify the presence or absence of cytosine methylation to be analyzed. A method for examining the amount of amplification product can be mentioned.
First, DNA is extracted from a mammal-derived specimen using, for example, a commercially available DNA extraction kit.
When blood is used as a specimen, plasma or serum is prepared from the blood according to a normal method, and the prepared plasma or serum is used as a specimen for free DNA (derived from cancer cells such as colon cancer cells). Analysis of cancer cells such as colon cancer cells, avoiding blood cell-derived DNA, and sensitivity to detect cancer cells such as colon cancer cells and tissues containing them Can be improved.
Next, after the extracted DNA is brought into contact with a reagent that modifies unmethylated cytosine, one or more CpGs present in the nucleotide sequence of the promoter region, untranslated region or translated region (coding region) of this DNA Amplification product obtained by amplifying DNA containing cytosine in the base sequence shown by the polymerase chain reaction (hereinafter referred to as PCR) using a primer capable of discriminating the presence or absence of cytosine to be analyzed. Find out the amount of.
As a reagent that modifies unmethylated cytosine (ie, a reagent that selectively modifies unmethylated cytosine without modifying methylated cytosine), the difference in chemical properties between cytosine and 5-methylcytosine is used. Thus, any reagent that modifies unmethylated cytosine may be used. For example, bisulfite such as sodium bisulfite can be used. In principle, a reagent that specifically modifies only methylated cytosine may be used.
In order to bring the extracted genomic DNA sample into contact with a reagent that modifies unmethylated cytosine as uniformly as possible, it is necessary to denature the genomic DNA. For example, the DNA is first denatured with an alkaline solution (pH 9 to 14), and then bisulfite (bisulfite) such as sodium bisulfite (concentration in the solution: for example, final concentration of 3M) or the like for about 10 to 16 hours (one time). Treat at 55 ° C for the evening. In order to accelerate the reaction, the modification at 95 ° C. and the reaction at 50 ° C. can be repeated 10-20 times. In this case, unmethylated cytosine is converted to uracil, while methylated cytosine is not converted to uracil and remains cytosine (Furichi et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 41: 1185. ~ 1191, 1970).
Following treatment with bisulfite such as sodium hydrogen sulfite, DNA containing cytosine in the base sequence indicated by one or more CpGs present in the base sequence is identified for the presence or absence of cytosine methylation to be analyzed Amplification is performed by PCR using possible primers, and the amount of amplification product obtained is examined.
DNA sequence treated with bisulfite, etc. as a template and containing cytosine methylated [the cytosine at the position to be methylated (cytosine in CpG) remains cytosine and is methylated Unsuccessed cytosine (cytosine not included in CpG) is a uracil base sequence] and PCR using a pair of methylation-specific primers each selected from a base sequence complementary to such base sequence (hereinafter, methyl Base sequence when DNA treated with bisulfite or the like is used as a template and cytosine is not methylated (base sequence in which all cytosines are converted to uracil) ) And a pair of unmethylated specific primers selected from base sequences complementary to the base sequence (hereinafter referred to as non-methylated primers). Sometimes also referred to as a chill-specific PCR.) And performing.
In the above PCR, in the case of PCR using a methylation specific primer (the former), DNA in which cytosine to be analyzed is methylated is amplified, while in the case of PCR using an unmethylated specific primer ( In the latter case, DNA in which cytosine to be analyzed is not methylated is amplified. By comparing the amounts of these amplified products, the presence or absence of methylation of the target cytosine is examined. In this way, the methylation frequency can be measured.
Here, the methylation specific primer is a cytosine that has undergone methylation, considering that cytosine that has not been methylated is converted to uracil, and cytosine that has undergone methylation is not converted to uracil. Design a PCR primer (methylation specific primer) specific to the nucleotide sequence containing, and a PCR primer (non-methylation specific primer) specific to the nucleotide sequence containing unmethylated cytosine To do. Since the design is based on DNA strands that have been chemically converted by bisulfite treatment and are no longer complementary, based on each strand of DNA that was originally double-stranded, a methylation specific primer and Unmethylated specific primers can also be made. Such a primer is preferably designed to contain cytosine in CpG in the vicinity of the 3 ′ end of the primer in order to increase the specificity of methyl and non-methyl. Further, in order to facilitate analysis, one of the primers may be labeled.
As a reaction solution in methylation-specific PCR, for example, 50 ng of DNA as a template, 1 μl of each primer solution of 10 pmol / μl, 4 μl of 2.5 mM dNTP, 10 × buffer solution (100 mM Tris-HCl) pH 8.3, 500 mM KCl, 20 mM MgCl 2 ) Is mixed with 2.5 μl and heat-resistant DNA polymerase 5 U / μl 0.2 μl, and sterilized ultrapure water is added thereto to make the reaction volume 25 μl. As the reaction conditions, for example, the above-mentioned reaction solution is kept at 95 ° C. for 10 minutes, then at 95 ° C. for 30 seconds, then at 55 to 65 ° C. for 30 seconds, and further at 72 ° C. for 30 seconds for one cycle. The conditions for carrying out the heat insulation for 30 to 40 cycles are mentioned.
After performing such PCR, the amount of amplification product obtained is compared. For example, an analytical method (denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or agarose gel that can compare the amount of each amplification product obtained by PCR using a methylation specific primer and PCR using an unmethylated specific primer. In the case of electrophoresis, the gel after electrophoresis is stained with DNA to detect the band of the amplification product, and the concentration of the detected band is compared. Here, instead of DNA staining, a pre-labeled primer can be used to compare the band concentrations using the label as an index. In addition, when quantification is required, high-precision quantification that can detect even a slight difference of about twice as much as the gene amount can be performed by monitoring PCR reaction products in real time and performing kinetic analysis. Real-time PCR, a possible PCR method, can also be used to compare the amount of each product. Examples of a method for performing real-time PCR include a method using a probe such as a template-dependent nucleic acid polymerase probe or a method using an intercalator such as Cyber Green. Equipment and kits for real-time PCR are already commercially available.
As a second method, fluorescence-based real-time PCR (US Pat. No. 6,331,393; Eads et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 28: E32, 2000) is followed by treatment with bisulfite such as sodium bisulfite. Hereinafter, there may be mentioned a method using a methylite method). In the methylite method, methylated DNA is amplified by real-time quantitative PCR based on fluorescence using a position-specific PCR primer having a fluorescent reporter dye at the 5 ′ end and a quenching dye at the 3 ′ end. Since the fluorescent reporter dye is released by the enzyme during the PCR reaction, the fluorescence intensity increases in proportion to the amount of PCR product. Therefore, fluorescence proportional to the degree of methylation can be continuously detected in an automated nucleotide sequencer device.
As a third method, a method of sequencing after treatment with bisulfite such as sodium bisulfite can also be mentioned.
In general, following denaturation of genomic DNA samples and treatment with bisulfite, dsDNA is obtained by primer extension and further amplified by PCR techniques (Clark et al., Nucl. Acids Res. 22: 2990-2997, 1994). Next, the PCR product is sequenced by a standard DNA sequencing method to detect cytosine (corresponding to methylcytosine before treatment with bisulfite). As the sequencing method, not only the dideoxy method but also a pyro sequencing method (SOLiD system) or the like may be used as long as it is a method for determining a base sequence.
Alternatively, after cloning the PCR product into a plasmid vector, individual clones can be sequenced, but it is also possible to provide a methylation map of a single DNA molecule. Several variations are known for determining methylcytosine by sequencing (Radlinska & Skowronek, Acta Microbiol. Pol. 47: 327-334, 1998).
Specifically, in order to amplify dsDNA by the PCR method and determine the base sequence, as a reaction solution in PCR, for example, a total solution containing 20 ng or 80 ng of DNA in a DNA solution treated with sodium bisulfite as a template An amount of 50 μL of reaction solution is prepared and used. Specifically, a DNA solution treated with sodium bisulfite as a template and each oligonucleotide primer solution prepared to 5 μM are each 3/5 of the total volume, and GeneAmpR dNTPPMi × (2 mMeach) is the total volume. 1/10 of the total volume and 5 × L of 10 × buffer (100 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.3, 500 mM KCl, 15 mM MgCl 2, 0.01% Gelatin) 1/10 of the total volume and 25 mM MgCl 2 solution of the total volume 1/50, 0.25 μL of heat-resistant DNA polymerase (AmpliTaq Gold, 5 U / μL, manufactured by ABI) and sterilized ultrapure water are mixed to prepare a reaction solution having a total volume of 50 μL. The reaction solution is incubated at 95 ° C. for 10 minutes, and then subjected to PCR under the conditions of 40 cycles of incubation at 95 ° C. for 30 seconds, 55 ° C. for 30 seconds, and 72 ° C. for 45 seconds. .
After performing PCR, after confirming amplification by 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis, the obtained DNA fragment is cloned.
For example, TOPO TA Cloning® Kit For Sequencing (Invitrogen) is used for cloning. Salt Solution 0.4 μL, TOPO vector 0.4 μL, and the PCR amplification product 1.6 μL are mixed on ice and allowed to stand at room temperature for 5 minutes. 2 μL of the ligation reaction solution and 50 μL of the competent cell are mixed and left on ice for 30 minutes. Incubate at 42 ° C. for 30 seconds and store in ice. 250 μL of SOC medium is added to the reaction solution, followed by shaking culture (37 ° C., 225 rpm, 1 hour). The culture solution is applied to an LB plate (final concentration of ampicillin 50 μg / mL) coated with 100 μL of X-gal solution (10 mg / mL DMF) and cultured (37 ° C., 18 hours).
A white colony is picked up among the E. coli colonies obtained on the cultured LB plate after applying the culture solution, and further cultured (37 ° C., 15 hours) with 2 mL of LB medium (final concentration of ampicillin 50 μg / mL). A plasmid solution can be obtained by extracting a plasmid from the obtained Escherichia coli using a plasmid extraction device (PI-50, KURABO).
2 μL of the plasmid solution, 1 μL of BigDyeRT terminator v3.1 Cycle Sequencing RR-100 (ABI), and BigDyeRT terminator v1.1 / v3.1 Sequencing Buffer (5 ×) (2 for L 1 μL of a 3.2 μM solution of the oligonucleotide primer (M13R) designed in (1) and 4 μL of sterile ultrapure water are mixed. The reaction solution was kept at 96 ° C. for 1 minute, and then subjected to a sequence reaction under the conditions of 25 cycles of incubation at 96 ° C. for 10 seconds, then at 50 ° C. for 5 seconds and further at 60 ° C. for 4 minutes. Do it.
As a reaction solution in PCR, for example, 25 ng of DNA as a template, 1 μl of each primer solution of 20 pmol / μl, 3 μl of 2 mM dNTP, 10 × buffer (100 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.3, 500 mM KCl) 15 mM MgCl 2 ) Is mixed with 2.5 μl and heat-resistant DNA polymerase 5 U / μl 0.2 μl, and sterilized ultrapure water is added thereto to make the reaction volume 25 μl. As a reaction condition, for example, after the above reaction liquid is kept at 95 ° C. for 10 minutes, one cycle is 95 ° C. for 30 seconds, then 53 ° C. for 30 seconds, and further at 72 ° C. for 30 seconds. A condition for performing the heat retention for 30 to 40 cycles is mentioned.
After performing such PCR, the base sequences of the amplification products obtained are compared, and the methylation frequency is measured from the comparison.
That is, by directly analyzing the base sequence of the amplification product, it is determined whether the base at the position corresponding to the cytosine to be analyzed is cytosine or thymine (uracil). In the peak chart showing the base in the obtained amplification product, by comparing the area of the peak showing cytosine detected at the position corresponding to the cytosine to be analyzed with the area of the peak showing thymine (uracil), The frequency of cytosine methylation to be analyzed can be measured. In addition, as a method for directly analyzing the base sequence, each cloned DNA is prepared from a plurality of clones obtained by cloning the amplification product obtained by PCR once using Escherichia coli or the like as a host. The base sequence may be analyzed. The frequency of cytosine methylation to be analyzed can also be measured by obtaining the ratio of the sample whose base detected at the position corresponding to the cytosine to be analyzed in the sample to be analyzed is cytosine.
As a fourth method, a probe capable of discriminating the presence or absence of methylation of cytosine to be analyzed from DNA containing cytosine in the base sequence represented by one or more CpGs present in the base sequence of the target DNA And a method for examining the presence or absence of binding between the DNA and the probe.
Specifically, there is a method in which a genomic DNA extracted from a specimen is allowed to act on a reagent that modifies unmethylated cytosine, and then a probe that can identify the presence or absence of cytosine methylation is hybridized. In the probe used for the hybridization, cytosine that has not been methylated is converted into uracil based on the base sequence containing cytosine to be analyzed, and cytosine that has been methylated is not converted into uracil. It is better to design in consideration of this. That is, when methylated cytosine is included, the base sequence [cytosine at the methylated position (cytosine in CpG) remains cytosine, and unmethylated cytosine (cytosine not included in CpG) is Base sequence in which uracil is converted] or a methylation specific probe having a base sequence complementary to such a base sequence, and a base sequence in the case where cytosine is not methylated (base sequence in which all cytosines are converted into uracil) Or an unmethylated specific probe having a base sequence complementary to such a base sequence is designed. Such a probe may be used after being labeled in order to facilitate analysis of the presence or absence of binding between the DNA and the probe. In addition, the probe may be used by being immobilized on a carrier according to a usual method. In this case, DNA extracted from a mammal-derived specimen may be labeled in advance.
As a reagent for modifying unmethylated cytosine, for example, bisulfite such as sodium bisulfite can be used. In principle, a reagent that specifically modifies only methylated cytosine may be used.
In order to bring the extracted DNA into contact with a reagent that modifies unmethylated cytosine, for example, the DNA is first denatured with an alkaline solution (pH 9 to 14), and then bisulfite (bisulfite) such as sodium bisulfite (solution Medium concentration: For example, the final concentration is 3 M) and the like, and the treatment is performed at 55 ° C. for about 10 to 16 hours (overnight). In order to accelerate the reaction, the modification at 95 ° C. and the reaction at 50 ° C. can be repeated 10-20 times. In this case, unmethylated cytosine is converted to uracil, while methylated cytosine is not converted to uracil and remains cytosine.
If necessary, the DNA may be amplified in advance by performing PCR in the same manner as in the second method using DNA treated with bisulfite or the like as a template.
Next, hybridization between DNA treated with bisulfite or the like or DNA previously amplified by PCR and a probe capable of identifying the presence or absence of methylation of cytosine to be analyzed is performed. By comparing the amount of DNA that binds to a methylation-specific probe and the amount of DNA that binds to an unmethylated-specific probe, the frequency of cytosine methylation to be analyzed can be measured.
Hybridization is described, for example, in Sambrook J. et al. Frisch E .; F. Maniatis T. It can be carried out according to the usual methods described in the author, Molecular Cloning 2nd edition, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory press, etc. Hybridization is usually performed under stringent conditions. Here, “stringent conditions” means, for example, a hybrid at 45 ° C. in a solution containing 6 × SSC (a solution containing 1.5M NaCl and 0.15M trisodium citrate is 10 × SSC). After forming, the conditions (Molecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons, NY (1989), 6.3.1-6.3.6) etc. which wash | clean at 50 degreeC by 2 * SSC etc., etc. Can be mentioned. The salt concentration in the washing step can be selected from, for example, conditions of 2 × SSC at 50 ° C. (low stringency conditions) to 0.2 × SSC at 50 ° C. (high stringency conditions). The temperature in the washing step can be selected, for example, from room temperature (low stringency conditions) to 65 ° C. (high stringency conditions). It is also possible to change both the salt concentration and the temperature.
After such hybridization, the amount of DNA bound to the methylation-specific probe is compared with the amount of DNA bound to the non-methylation-specific probe, so that the cytosine to be analyzed (that is, the probe) The frequency of methylation of cytosine in CpG contained in the base sequence on which the design was based can be measured.
As a fifth method, after acting on a restriction enzyme capable of discriminating the presence or absence of methylation of cytosine to be analyzed in the base sequence of the target DNA, there is a method for examining the presence or absence of digestion by the restriction enzyme. You can also.
The “restriction enzyme capable of distinguishing the presence or absence of cytosine methylation” (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme) used in the method means that a recognition sequence containing methylated cytosine is not digested. Means a restriction enzyme capable of digesting a recognition sequence containing unmethylated cytosine. That is, in the case of DNA in which cytosine contained in a “recognition sequence” that can be originally recognized by a methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme is methylated, the DNA is not cleaved even when a methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme is allowed to act. In the case where the cytosine contained in the “recognition sequence” that can be originally recognized by the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme is DNA that is not methylated, the DNA is cleaved by the action of the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme. Specific examples of such a methylation-sensitive enzyme include HpaII, BstUI, NarI, SacII and the like (see, for example, Nucleic Acid Research, 9, 2509-2515).
As a method for examining the presence or absence of digestion with the restriction enzyme, for example, the DNA is used as a template, the cytosine to be analyzed is included in the recognition sequence, and the DNA not containing the restriction enzyme recognition sequence other than the recognition sequence is amplified There can be mentioned a method in which PCR is performed using possible primer pairs and the presence or absence of DNA amplification (amplification product) is examined. When cytosine to be analyzed is methylated, an amplification product is obtained. On the other hand, when the cytosine to be analyzed is not methylated, an amplification product cannot be obtained. Thus, by comparing the amounts of amplified DNA, the frequency of cytosine methylation to be analyzed can be measured. That is, if the genomic DNA contained in a mammal-derived sample is methylated, the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme does not cleave DNA in a methylated state. It is possible to distinguish whether cytosine in at least one CpG pair existing in the recognition site of the methylation sensitive restriction enzyme in the genomic DNA contained in is methylated. In other words, by digesting with the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme, at least one CpG present in the recognition site of the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme in the genomic DNA contained in the mammal-derived specimen. If the cytosine in the pair is not methylated, it is cleaved by the methylation sensitive restriction enzyme. Further, if cytosine in all CpG pairs existing in the recognition site of the methylation sensitive restriction enzyme in genomic DNA contained in a mammal-derived specimen is methylated, the methylation sensitivity Not cleaved by restriction enzymes. Therefore, after the digestion treatment, as described later, by performing PCR using a pair of primers capable of amplifying the target DNA region, the restriction on the genomic DNA contained in the mammal-derived specimen is performed. If cytosine in at least one CpG pair existing in the enzyme recognition site is not methylated, an amplification product by PCR cannot be obtained, whereas the genome contained in the mammal-derived specimen If cytosine in all CpG pairs existing in the recognition site of the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme in DNA is methylated, an amplification product by PCR is obtained.
When quantification is required, high-accuracy quantification is possible by detecting PCR reaction products in real time and performing kinetic analysis, for example, to detect even a slight difference of about twice the gene amount. The amount of each product can also be compared using real-time PCR which is a PCR method. Examples of a method for performing real-time PCR include a method using a probe such as a template-dependent nucleic acid polymerase probe or a method using an intercalator such as Cyber Green. Equipment and kits for real-time PCR are already commercially available.
As another method for examining the presence or absence of digestion with the restriction enzyme, for example, derived from the Arginine vasopressin receptor 1A gene on DNA subjected to a methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme containing cytosine to be analyzed as a recognition sequence, In addition, a method of examining the length of the hybridized DNA by performing Southern hybridization using a DNA that does not contain the recognition sequence of the restriction enzyme as a probe can be mentioned. When the cytosine to be analyzed is methylated, longer DNA is detected than when the cytosine is not methylated. By comparing the amount of detected long DNA and the amount of short DNA, the frequency of cytosine methylation to be analyzed can be measured.
As a sixth method, the methylation rate of cytosine contained in the target DNA may be measured quantitatively using the MassARRAY system of SEQUENOM.
Specifically, a reagent for modifying unmethylated cytosine is allowed to act on genomic DNA extracted from a specimen, and then a target DNA region is amplified by a PCR method. Next, the amplified DNA region is transcribed into RNA by RNA polymerase. Furthermore, the obtained transcription product is treated with RNase and subjected to mass spectrometry by MASS.
This method is a method for quantifying methylcytosine contained in DNA in a specimen based on the change in molecular weight caused by the action of a reagent that modifies unmethylated cytosine.
More specifically, the following method may be used in accordance with the outline of EpiTYPER for quantitative DNA methylation analysis using the MassARRAY system shown in the SEQUENOM application note.
The following primer system is designed for methylation analysis. To obtain a product suitable for in vitro transcription, a reverse primer with a T7 promoter added is used. Insert an 8 bp insert to prevent cycling failure. In order to balance PCR, a forward primer with a 10-mer tag is used.
Bisulfite processing:
For the Bisulfite conversion treatment of the sample genomic DNA, EZ-96 DNA Methylation Kit or EZ DNA Methylation Kit of Zymo Research is used. After the initial incubation of this protocol, the cycle reaction is performed as follows.
45 cycles with 95 ° C for 30 minutes and then 50 ° C for 15 minutes
(1) Step 1: Amplification
Amplify 1 μL of DNA in a total volume of 5 μL using a 385-microtiter format (use 10 ng / μL or more of DNA in an amount of 1.00 μL or more to achieve a final concentration of 2 ng / μL per reaction). Each reaction solution is divided into two types of cleavage reactions (T cleavage reaction and C cleavage reaction). Seal the plate and perform the cycle reaction as follows.
After incubating at 94 ° C. for 15 minutes, 45 cycles of incubating at 94 ° C. for 20 seconds, 56 ° C. for 30 seconds, and then at 72 ° C. for 1 minute are performed for 45 cycles, and then at 72 ° C. for 3 minutes.
(2) Step 2: Dephosphorylation
2 μL of shrimp-derived alkaline phosphatase (SAP) enzyme is added to 5 μL of each PCR reaction solution to dephosphorylate dNTPs that have not been incorporated into PCR. The plate is incubated for 20 minutes at 37 ° C and then for 5 minutes at 85 ° C.
(3) Step 3: In vitro transcription and RNase cleavage
Prepare a transcription / RNase A cocktail for each cleavage reaction (T and C). The standard setup prepares one transcription / RNase A cocktail per plate. Add 5 μL of transcription / RNase A cocktail and 2 μL of PCR / SAP sample to a new microtiter plate that has not been cycled. The plate is centrifuged for 1 minute and then the plate is incubated at 37 ° C. for 3 hours.
(4) Step 4: Sample conditioning
Add 20 μL of ddH20 to each sample in the 384-well plate. Add 6 mg of Clean Resin to each well using a resin plate. Stir for 10 minutes and spin down at 3,200 xg for 5 minutes.
(5) Step 5: Sample movement
Dispense 10-15 nL of EpiTYPE reaction product into 384 well SpectroCHIP.
Step 6: Sample analysis
Using the MassARRAY system, spectra of two types of cleavage reactions are obtained.
(6) Step 6: Analysis software
The result is analyzed with EpiTYPER software, and the methylation rate of the target DNA is measured.
Using the various methods as described above, the methylation frequency of the present DNA contained in a mammal-derived specimen is measured. The measured methylation frequency and, for example, the methylation frequency of a target DNA contained in a sample derived from a healthy mammal that can be diagnosed as having no cancer cells such as colon cancer cells, lung cancer cells, breast cancer cells (control) And the degree of canceration of the specimen is determined based on the difference obtained by the comparison. If the methylation frequency of the DNA contained in a mammal-derived specimen is higher than that of the control (if the DNA is highly methylated in comparison with the control), the degree of canceration of the specimen is increased. It can be determined to be higher than the control.
Here, the “degree of canceration” has the same meaning as that generally used in the art. Specifically, for example, when a mammal-derived specimen is a cell, the malignancy of the cell or cancer For example, when a mammal-derived specimen is a tissue, it means the abundance of cancer cells in the tissue.
The content of methylated DNA in this DNA can be measured by the following methylated DNA content measurement method.
The methylated DNA content measurement method is a method for measuring the content of methylated DNA in a target DNA region possessed by the base sequence of the target DNA region contained in a mammal-derived specimen,
(1) a first step of digesting a genomic DNA-derived DNA sample contained in a mammal-derived specimen with a methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme;
(2) Obtaining methylated single-stranded DNA from the digested DNA sample obtained in the first step, and binding the single-stranded DNA with an immobilized methylated DNA antibody A second step of selecting a double-stranded DNA; and
(3) A step of separating the single-stranded DNA selected in the second step as a pre-step of each of the following steps from the immobilized methylated DNA antibody into a single-stranded DNA (positive strand) ( First pre-processing),
The DNA derived from the genome (positive strand) that was made into a single strand state in the first pre-process is a partial base sequence (positive strand) of the base sequence of the DNA in the single strand state (positive strand), and A base sequence (negative strand) that is complementary to the partial base sequence (positive strand) located further 3 ′ end than the 3 ′ end of the base sequence (positive strand) of the target DNA region A step of extending a single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing a target DNA region into a double-stranded DNA by extending the extension primer once using the extension primer (forward primer) having the extension primer (Second pre-process),
The double-stranded DNA extended and formed in the second previous step is temporarily separated into a single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing the target DNA region and a single-stranded DNA (negative strand) containing the target DNA region. It has a process (third previous process), and as this process
(A) Using the generated single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing the target DNA region as a template, using the forward primer as an extension primer, and extending the extension primer once, the target DNA Step A (this step) in which a single-stranded DNA containing a region is extended and formed as a double-stranded DNA;
(B) Using the generated single-stranded DNA (negative strand) containing the target DNA region as a template, the partial base sequence of the base sequence of the single-stranded DNA (negative strand) containing the target DNA region ( A portion located on the 3 ′ end side of the 3 ′ end of the base sequence (negative strand) that is complementary to the base sequence (positive strand) of the target DNA region. Using the extension primer (reverse primer) having a base sequence (positive strand) that is complementary to the base sequence (negative strand) as an extension primer, the extension primer is extended once to achieve the above-mentioned purpose. A step B (this step) of extending a single-stranded DNA containing a DNA region as a double-stranded DNA,
Further, each step of the third step is repeated after separating the double-stranded DNA formed by extension obtained in each of the steps into a single-stranded state, and then repeating the above steps. And a third step of amplifying the amplified DNA to a detectable amount and quantifying the amount of the amplified DNA.
“Complementary” in the methylated DNA content measurement method means that double-stranded DNA is formed by base pairing by hydrogen bonding between bases. For example, the bases constituting each single-stranded DNA of the double-stranded DNAs form a double strand by base pairing of purine and pyrimidine, specifically, for example, a plurality of consecutive This means that a double-stranded DNA is formed by a base bond by a hydrogen bond between thymine and cytosine or a base bond by a hydrogen bond between guanine and adenine. Binding by complementarity may be described as “complementary binding”. “Complementary binding” may also be described as “complementary base pairing” or “binding by complementarity”. In addition, base sequences that can be complementarily bonded may be described as “complementary to each other” and “bonded by complementarity (complementary (by base pairing) bond)”. In the method for measuring methylated DNA content of the present invention, the term “complementary” also includes that inosine contained in an artificially prepared oligonucleotide binds to cytosine, adenine or thymine by hydrogen bonding.
In the methylated DNA content measurement method, “single-stranded DNA containing the target DNA region (negative strand)” forms a conjugate (double-stranded) with the single-stranded DNA containing the target DNA region. Means a base sequence that is necessary for the DNA sequence, that is, a base sequence that includes a base sequence complementary to a part of the base sequence of the target DNA region. Sometimes described. A complementary base sequence may be expressed as “complementary”.
In the methylated DNA content measurement method, “methylated DNA” and “methylated DNA” refer to a base sequence represented by 5′-CG-3 ′ in a DNA base sequence (hereinafter, the base sequence is referred to as “ CpG ”)) means DNA in which the 5-position of cytosine is methylated.
The methylated DNA content measuring method can be mentioned as an embodiment when “measuring methylation frequency or an index value correlated therewith” in the evaluation method of the present invention. “Methylation frequency” is represented, for example, by the ratio of haploids in which cytosine is methylated when the presence or absence of cytosine methylation in CpG to be investigated is examined for a plurality of haploids.
Examples of the “index value correlated with (methylation frequency)” include, for example, the amount of the expression product of the present DNA (more specifically, the amount of the transcription product of the present DNA and the amount of the translation product of the present DNA). Etc. In the case of the amount of such an expression product, there is a negative correlation that decreases as the methylation frequency increases.
Examples of the “immobilized methylated DNA antibody” in the method for measuring methylated DNA content include methylcytosine antibody. The immobilized methylated DNA antibody may be any antibody that can be immobilized on a support, and “an antibody that can be immobilized on a support” means that the immobilized methylated DNA antibody is directly or indirectly attached to the support. It can be fixed to. In order to be immobilized in this manner, the immobilized methylated DNA antibody is immobilized on a support (binding to a solid phase) according to a normal genetic engineering operation method or a commercially available kit / device. Specifically, a biotinylated immobilized methylated DNA antibody obtained by biotinylating an immobilized methylated DNA antibody is coated with streptavidin (eg, a PCR tube coated with streptavidin, or coated with streptavidin. And fixing to magnetic beads).
In addition, the immobilized methylated DNA antibody is obtained by covalently bonding a molecule having an active functional group such as an amino group, a thiol group, or an aldehyde group, and then activating the surface with a silane coupling agent or the like, a polysaccharide derivative, There is also a method of covalently bonding to a support made from silica gel, synthetic resin or the like. Examples of the covalent bond include, for example, a method in which five triglycerides are linked in series using a spacer, a crosslinker, or the like.
Furthermore, the immobilized methylated DNA antibody may be directly immobilized on the support, or the antibody against the immobilized methylated DNA antibody (secondary antibody) is immobilized on the support, and the methylated antibody is bound to the secondary antibody. You may fix to a support body by making it.
It may be immobilized by the binding of the immobilized methylated DNA antibody and the support at the stage before the binding of the single stranded DNA and the immobilized methylated DNA antibody, or the single stranded DNA may be immobilized. It may be immobilized by binding of the immobilized methylated DNA antibody and the support at the stage after binding with the methylated DNA antibody.
The “methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme” (specifically, a restriction enzyme that can identify the presence or absence of methylation of cytosine) used in the method for measuring methylated DNA content has the same meaning as in the evaluation method of the present invention. It means a restriction enzyme that can digest a recognition sequence containing unmethylated cytosine without digesting a recognition sequence containing methylated cytosine. That is, in the case of DNA in which cytosine contained in a “recognition sequence” that can be originally recognized by a methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme is methylated, the DNA is not cleaved even when a methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme is allowed to act. In the case where the cytosine contained in the “recognition sequence” that can be originally recognized by the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme is DNA that is not methylated, the DNA is cleaved by the action of the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme. Specific examples of such a methylation-sensitive enzyme include HpaII, BstUI, NarI, SacII and the like (see, for example, Nucleic Acid Research, 9, 2509-2515).
Examples of the “methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme” in the method for measuring methylated DNA content include a restriction enzyme having a recognition cleavage site in the DNA region intended for the base sequence of the present DNA, HhaI, and the like.
As an application of the methylated DNA content measurement method, there may be a method in which the second step is performed without performing the digestion treatment with the methylation sensitive restriction enzyme in the first step in the method.
In the second step of the method for measuring methylated DNA content, the methylated double-stranded DNA contained in the digested DNA sample obtained in the first step is separated into methylated single-stranded DNA. Step A (ie, Step A in Step 2) and Step B (ie, Step 2) of binding the methylated single-stranded DNA obtained in Step A and the immobilized methylated DNA antibody. B step) in FIG.
In the second step of the methylated DNA content measuring method, the methylated double-stranded DNA contained in the digested DNA sample obtained in the first step is separated into methylated single-stranded DNA. For this purpose, a general operation for converting double-stranded DNA into single-stranded DNA is performed. Specifically, for example, a DNA sample derived from genomic DNA contained in a mammal-derived specimen is dissolved in an appropriate amount of ultrapure water, heated at 95 ° C. for 10 minutes, and rapidly cooled in ice.
In the second step of the method for measuring the content of methylated DNA, in order to select single-stranded DNA by binding the methylated single-stranded DNA separated as described above and an immobilized methylated DNA antibody, As described in the description of “immobilized methylated DNA antibody”, specifically, for example, “biotinylated methylcytosine antibody labeled with biotin” is used as the immobilized methylated DNA antibody as follows. carry out.
(A) A biotinylated methylcytosine antibody is added to an appropriate amount (for example, 0.1 μg / 50 μL) of an avidin-coated PCR tube, and then allowed to stand at room temperature for about 1 hour, whereby biotinylated methylcytosine antibody and streptocyte Encourage immobilization with avidin. After removing the residual solution from the PCR tube and washing, the washing buffer [for example, phosphate buffer containing 0.05% Tween 20 (1 mM KH 2 PO 4 3 mM Na 2 HPO 7H 2 O, 154 mM NaCl pH 7.4)] is added at a rate of 100 μL / tube. After removing the solution from the PCR tube and washing (after repeating the washing operation several times), the biotinylated methylcytosine antibody immobilized on the support is left in the PCR tube.
(B) Double-stranded DNA derived from genomic DNA contained in a mammal-derived sample and a buffer (for example, 33 mM Tris-Acetate pH 7.9, 66 mM KOAc, 10 mM Mg (OAc) 2 , 0.5 mM Dithothreitol) and heat the resulting mixture at 95 ° C. for several minutes. After heating, the mixture is rapidly cooled to a temperature of about 0 to 4 ° C., and kept at that temperature for several minutes to form single-stranded DNA. The resulting mixture is allowed to return to room temperature.
(C) The formed single-stranded DNA is added to an avidin-coated PCR tube on which a biotinylated methylcytosine antibody is immobilized, and the resulting mixture is allowed to stand at room temperature for about 1 hour, whereby biotinylated methyl Encourage binding between cytosine antibody and methylated single-stranded DNA of the single-stranded DNA (formation of a conjugate) (at this stage, single-stranded DNA containing at least a non-methylated DNA region is bound) Does not form a body.) Thereafter, the remaining solution is removed from the PCR tube and washed. Wash buffer [eg, 0.05% Tween 20-containing phosphate buffer (1 mM KH 2 PO 4 3 mM Na 2 HPO 7H 2 O, 15 mM NaCl pH 7.4)] is added at a rate of 100 μL / tube, and then the solution is removed from the PCR tube. By repeating the washing operation several times, the washed conjugate is left in the PCR tube (selection of conjugate).
The buffer used in the above (b) is not limited to the buffer as long as it is suitable for separating double-stranded DNA derived from a biological sample-derived genomic DNA into single-stranded DNA.
In the washing operations in (a) and (c) above, the cells are suspended in a solution that has not been immobilized to the immobilized methylated DNA antibody that has not been immobilized, or that has not been bound to the immobilized methylated DNA antibody. This is an important operation for removing unmethylated single-stranded DNA or DNA floating in a solution digested with a restriction enzyme described later from the reaction solution. The washing buffer is not limited to the washing buffer as long as it is suitable for removing the above-mentioned free immobilized methylated DNA antibody, single-stranded DNA floating in the solution, and the like, but the DELFIA buffer (PerkinElmer) Manufactured by Tris-HCl pH 7.8 with Tween 80), TE buffer, or the like.
In addition, in the step A in the second step, a preferred embodiment for separating methylated single-stranded DNA includes, for example, adding a counter oligonucleotide. Examples of the counter oligonucleotide include those obtained by dividing the same base sequence as the target DNA region into short oligonucleotides. Preferred examples include those usually designed to have a length of 10 to 100 bases, more preferably 20 to 50 bases. The counter oligonucleotide is not designed on the base sequence that the forward primer or reverse primer binds complementarily to the target DNA region. The counter oligonucleotide is added in a large excess compared to genomic DNA, and the target DNA region is converted into a single strand (positive strand) and then combined with the immobilized methylated DNA antibody. The complementary strand (negative strand) of the region and the target DNA region are added to prevent the single strand (positive strand) from recombining due to complementarity. When a methylated DNA antibody is bound to the target DNA region and the DNA methylation frequency or an index value correlated therewith is measured, the target region that is single-stranded binds to the methylated DNA antibody. Because it is easy to do. The counter oligonucleotide is preferably added in an amount of at least 10 times, usually 100 times or more, as compared with the target DNA region.
Here, “adding a counter oligonucleotide (when separating methylated single-stranded DNA)” specifically refers to a DNA sample derived from genomic DNA contained in a mammal-derived specimen, In order to select methylated single-stranded DNA, a DNA sample derived from genomic DNA contained in a mammal-derived specimen is mixed with a counter oligonucleotide, and the complementary strand of the target DNA region and the counter oligonucleotide are mixed with each other. To form a double strand. For example, a buffer solution (330 mM Tris-Acetate pH 7.9, 660 mM KOAc, 100 mM MgOAc is added to the mixture of the DNA sample and the counter oligonucleotide. 2 5 mM Dithiothreitol) 5 μL and 100 mM MgCl 2 Add 5 μL of the solution and 5 μL of 1 mg / mL BSA solution, add sterilized ultrapure water to the mixture to make 50 μL, mix, heat at 95 ° C. for 10 minutes, and quickly cool to 70 ° C. The temperature is kept at that temperature for 10 minutes, then cooled to 50 ° C., kept at temperature for 10 minutes, further kept at 37 ° C. for 10 minutes, and then returned to room temperature.
The third step of the method for measuring methylated DNA content includes the following steps:
(1) Pre-process ((i) first pre-process, (ii) second pre-process, (iii) third pre-process)
(2) This step ((i) Step A, (ii) Step B) and
(3) Repetition step ((i) amplification step, (ii) quantification step).
(1) Pre-process in the third process
(I) First pre-process in the pre-process in the third process
The first pre-process is a process of separating the single-stranded DNA selected in the second process from the immobilized methylated DNA antibody into a free single-stranded DNA.
Specifically, for example, an annealing buffer is added to the single-stranded DNA selected in the second step to obtain a mixture. Next, the obtained mixture is heated at 95 ° C. for several minutes to obtain DNA (positive strand) in a single-stranded state.
(Ii) Second pre-process in the pre-process in the third process
In the second pre-process, the genome-derived DNA (positive strand) that was made free single-stranded in the first pre-process and the partial base sequence of the base sequence of the single-stranded DNA (positive strand) ( Complementary to the partial base sequence (positive strand) which is located on the 3 ′ end side further from the 3 ′ end of the base sequence (positive strand) of the target DNA region. Using an extension primer (forward primer) having a certain base sequence (negative strand) as an extension primer, the extension primer is extended once, thereby free double-stranded DNA (positive strand). This is a step of extending and forming DNA.
Specifically, for example, the single-stranded DNA (positive strand) obtained in the first pre-process and the forward primer are mixed with 17.85 μL of sterilized ultrapure water and an optimal buffer (for example, 100 mM Tris-HCl pH). 8.3, 500 mM KCl, 15 mM MgCl 2 ) 3 μL, 2 mM dNTP 3 μL, 5N betaine 6 μL, and then 0.15 μL of AmpliTaq (1 type of DNA polymerase: 5 U / μL) is added to the resulting mixture and mixed in a solution to a volume of 30 μL . By incubating the obtained mixture at 37 ° C. for about 2 hours, single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing the target DNA region is extended to double-stranded DNA.
(Iii) Third pre-process in the pre-process in the third process
In the third pre-process, the double-stranded DNA extended in the second pre-process is complementary to the single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing the target DNA region and the target DNA region. This is a step of once separating into single-stranded DNA (negative strand) containing a sequence.
Specifically, for example, by adding an annealing buffer to the double-stranded DNA formed by extension in the second previous step, a mixture is obtained, and the resulting mixture is heated at 95 ° C. for several minutes to achieve the purpose. Once separated into single-stranded DNA containing the DNA region to be treated.
(2) This step in the third step
(I) Step A in this step in the third step
Step A comprises the step of extending the extension primer once using the generated single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing the target DNA region as a template and the forward primer as an extension primer. In which a single-stranded DNA containing the DNA region is extended as a double-stranded DNA.
What is necessary is just to carry out according to the following description or the operation method in the extension reaction in the second pre-process of the present invention described above, specifically, for example:
(A) In order to anneal the forward primer to the single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing the target DNA region, for example, the Tm value of the forward primer is about 0 to 20 Immediately cool to a lower temperature and keep at that temperature for several minutes;
(B) then return to room temperature; and
(C) Using the DNA in the single-stranded state annealed in (c) above as a template, the forward primer as an extension primer, and extending the primer once to achieve the above object A single-stranded DNA containing a base sequence complementary to the DNA region is extended as a double-stranded DNA.
(Ii) Step B in this step in the third step
In step B, a single-stranded DNA (negative strand) containing a base sequence that is complementary to the generated target DNA region is used as a template, and the base is complementary to the target DNA region. It is a partial base sequence (negative strand) of the base sequence of single-stranded DNA (negative strand) containing the sequence, and is complementary to the base sequence (positive strand) of the target DNA region. An extension primer (reverse primer) having a base sequence (positive strand) that is complementary to a partial base sequence (negative strand) located further 3 'end than the 3' end of the base sequence (negative strand) This is a step of extending a single-stranded DNA containing the target DNA region as a double-stranded DNA by extending the extended primer once as an extended primer.
What is necessary is just to carry out according to the below-mentioned explanation or the operation method in the extension reaction in the second pre-process of the present invention described above, and specifically, for example, the first process in the third process of (i) This is carried out according to the same operating method as in step A.
(3) Repeating process in the third process
(I) Amplification process in the repetition process in the third process
The amplification step is performed by repeating each step of the third step after separating the elongated double-stranded DNA obtained in each step into a single-stranded state, and then repeating the process. Amplifying the methylated DNA in the region to a detectable amount.
Specifically, for example, it is carried out according to the same operation method as in the step A and the step B in the third step (2).
(Ii) Quantification step in the repetition step in the third step
The quantification step is a step of quantifying the amount of DNA amplified by the amplification step in the repetition step of the third step.
In the third step of the method for measuring methylated DNA content, the reaction from the first previous step in the previous step to the present step and the repetition step can be carried out as one PCR reaction. Moreover, it can also carry out as an independent reaction from the 1st pre-process in the pre-process to the 3rd pre-process, respectively, and can also implement only this process as PCR reaction then.
In the methylated DNA content measurement method, for example, PCR can be used as a method for amplifying a target DNA region (ie, a target region) contained in the selected single-stranded DNA. When a target region is amplified, if a primer previously labeled with fluorescence or the like is used and the label is used as an index, the presence or absence of an amplification product can be evaluated without performing a cumbersome operation such as electrophoresis. As a PCR reaction solution, for example, 0.15 μl of a 50 μM primer solution, 2.5 μl of 2 mM dNTP, 10 × buffer solution (100 mM Tris-HCl pH 8) are added to the DNA obtained in the second step of this method. .3, 500 mM KCl, 20 mM MgCl 2 , 0.01% Gelatin) is mixed with 2.5 μl, and AmpliTaq Gold (a kind of heat-resistant DNA polymerase: 5 U / μl) is mixed with 0.2 μl, and sterilized ultrapure water is added thereto to bring the volume to 25 μl. Can be mentioned.
Since the target DNA region (that is, the target region) has many GC-rich base sequences, the reaction may be carried out by adding an appropriate amount of betaine, DMSO or the like. As the reaction conditions, for example, the above reaction solution is kept at 95 ° C. for 10 minutes, then at 95 ° C. for 30 seconds, then at 55 to 65 ° C. for 30 seconds, further at 72 ° C. for 30 seconds, The conditions for performing the heat retention for 30 to 40 cycles can be given. After performing such PCR, the obtained amplification product is detected. For example, when a pre-labeled primer is used, the amount of the amplification product in the PCR reaction can be measured by measuring the amount of the fluorescent label after performing the same washing / purifying operation as described above. In addition, when PCR using a normal unlabeled primer is performed, the amount of the probe bound to the target region is measured after annealing gold colloid particles, a probe labeled with fluorescence, and the like. Moreover, in order to measure the amount of the amplification product with higher accuracy, for example, a real-time PCR method is used. Here, the “real-time PCR method” is a method for monitoring PCR in real time and analyzing the obtained monitoring result by kinetic analysis, and can detect even a slight difference of about twice as much as the amount of gene, for example. This method is known as a high-precision quantitative PCR method. Examples of the real-time PCR method include a method using a probe such as a template-dependent nucleic acid polymerase probe, a method using an intercalator such as Cyber Green, and the like. Commercially available devices and kits for the real-time PCR method may be used. As described above, detection is not particularly limited, and detection by any known method can be performed. In these methods, operations up to detection can be performed without changing the reaction container.
In the evaluation method of the present invention, examples of the embodiment when “measuring methylation frequency or an index value correlated therewith” include, for example, methods 1 to 7 shown below.
[Method 1]
Method 1 includes the following steps:
The first step, the second step, the third step, and
Fourth step (previous step, main step ((i) A step ((i1) step A1 step, (i2) step A2 step), (ii) step B)), repeating step ((i) amplification step, ( ii) Quantitative process)).
Specifically, method 1 is a method for measuring the content of methylated DNA in a target DNA region as a target DNA region, which is the base sequence of the present DNA contained in a mammal-derived specimen,
(1) a first step of digesting a genomic DNA-derived DNA sample contained in a mammal-derived specimen with a methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme;
(2) Obtaining a single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing a target DNA region from the digested DNA sample obtained in the first step, the single-stranded DNA (positive strand), By binding a single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide having a complementary base sequence to a part of the 3 ′ end of the single-stranded DNA (however, the DNA region of interest is not included). A second step of selecting the single-stranded DNA,
(3) Using the single-stranded DNA selected in the second step as a template, using the single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide as a primer, and extending the primer once, the single-stranded DNA is converted into a double-stranded DNA. A third step of forming an extension as, and
(4) As a pre-process of each of the following processes, the process has a process (pre-process) for once separating the elongated double-stranded DNA obtained in the third process into a single-stranded state. As
(A) Step A1 of selecting the DNA in the single-stranded state by binding the generated single-stranded DNA (positive strand) and the single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide (negative strand) When,
Using the single-stranded DNA selected in Step A1 as a template, the single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide as a primer, and extending the primer once, thereby double-extracting the single-stranded DNA. A step A2 (this step) having an A2 step of extending and forming as a double-stranded DNA;
(B) using the generated single-stranded DNA (negative strand) as a template, the single-stranded DNA (negative strand) having a partial base sequence (negative strand), and Complementary to the partial base sequence (negative strand) located 3 'end further than the 3' end of the base sequence (negative strand) complementary to the base sequence (positive strand) of the target DNA region By using a primer (reverse primer) having a compatible base sequence (positive strand) as an extension primer, the extension primer is extended once, thereby extending the single-stranded DNA as a double-stranded DNA. B step (this step),
Further, the double-stranded DNA formed by extension in each of the above steps is once separated into a single-stranded state, and then repeated, so that the methylated DNA in the target DNA region can be detected. And a fourth step of quantifying the amount of the amplified DNA.
[Method 2]
Method 2 includes the following steps:
The first step, the second step, the third step, and
Fourth step (previous step, main step ((i) A step ((i1) step A1 step, (i2) step A2 step)), (ii) step B), repetition step ((i) amplification step, (Ii) Quantitative process)
Specifically, the method 2 comprises a single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing the target DNA region in the second step and a part of the 3 ′ end of the single-stranded DNA (provided that the target DNA region In a reaction system containing a divalent cation when binding to a single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide having a base sequence complementary to Is the method.
[Method 3]
Method 3 includes the following steps:
The first step, the second step, the third step, and
Fourth step (previous step, main step ((i) A step ((i1) step A1 step, (i2) step A2 step), (ii) step B)), repeating step ((i) amplification step, ( ii) Quantitative process)).
Specifically, Method 3 is the method described in Method 2 in which the divalent cation is a magnesium ion.
[Method 4]
Method 4 includes the following steps:
The first step, the second step, the third step, and
Fourth step (pre-step (including pre-addition step), main step ((i) step A ((i1) step A1, step (i2) step A2), (ii) step B, (iii) step Step C ((iii1) Step C1, Step (iii2) Step C2)), Repeat step ((i) Amplification step, (ii) Quantification step)).
Specifically, in the method 4 in the pre-operation stage of the previous step of the fourth step, a part of the 3 ′ end of the single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing the target DNA region (provided that the target is set) In addition to the step of adding a single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) that has a complementary nucleotide sequence to the reaction system and is free to the reaction system (pre-addition step) And as a main step of the fourth step, the method further includes the following one step:
(C) (i) by binding the generated single-stranded DNA (positive strand) to the single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) added in the reaction system in the previous step, Step C1 for selecting DNA in a single-stranded state;
(Ii) using the single-stranded DNA selected in step C1 as a template, using the single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) as a primer, and extending the primer once to thereby form the single-stranded state A C step (this step) having a C2 step of extending and forming the DNA as a double-stranded DNA.
[Method 5]
Method 5 includes the following steps:
The first step, the second step, the third step, and
Fourth step (pre-step (including pre-addition step and pre-addition step), main step ((i) Step A ((i1) Step A1, Step (i2) Step A2), (ii) Step B (Iii) Step C), repetitive step ((i) amplification step, (ii) quantitative step)).
Specifically, in the method 5 in the post-operation stage before the fourth step, a part of the 3 ′ end of the single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing the target DNA region (provided that the target is set) In addition to the step of adding a single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) that has a complementary nucleotide sequence to the reaction system and is free to the reaction system (pre-addition step) Have and
An undigested double-stranded DNA that is an undigested product obtained through the third step and the pre-addition step (an extension that does not contain an amethylated CpG pair at the recognition site of the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme) A step of once separating the single-stranded DNA) into a single-stranded state (additional re-preceding step), and
As the main step of the fourth step, the method further includes the following one step:
(C) (i) by binding the generated single-stranded DNA (positive strand) to the single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) added in the reaction system in the previous step, Step C1 for selecting DNA in a single-stranded state;
(Ii) using the single-stranded DNA selected in step C1 as a template, using the single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) as a primer, and extending the primer once to thereby form the single-stranded state A C step (this step) having a C2 step of extending and forming the DNA as a double-stranded DNA.
[Method 6]
Method 6 is a method for measuring a methylation ratio, which further includes the following two steps in addition to the steps of the method described in any one of the methods 1 to 5:
(5) Without performing the first step of the method according to any one of the methods 1 to 5, by performing the second step to the fourth step in the method according to any one of the inventions 1 to 5, A fifth step of amplifying the DNA of the target DNA region (total amount of methylated DNA and non-methylated DNA) to a detectable amount, and quantifying the amount of amplified DNA; and
(6) Based on the difference obtained by comparing the amount of DNA quantified by the fourth step according to any one of the methods 1 to 5 with the amount of DNA quantified by the fifth step, A sixth step of calculating the ratio of methylated DNA in the DNA region.
[Method 7]
Method 7 is a method in which the second step is performed without performing the digestion treatment with the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme in the first step described in the methods 1 to 6 above.
In the second step described in the methods 1 to 7, a single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing a target DNA region is obtained from the digested DNA sample obtained in the first step, A single-stranded DNA having a base sequence complementary to a single-stranded DNA (positive strand) and a part of the 3 ′ end of the single-stranded DNA (but not including the target DNA region) The single-stranded DNA is selected by binding to an immobilized oligonucleotide.
The “single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide” described in the above methods 1 to 7 is a part of the 3 ′ end of a single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing the target DNA region (provided that the target is used) A single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide having a base sequence that is complementary to the DNA region (hereinafter also referred to as the present immobilized oligonucleotide).
This immobilized oligonucleotide is used for selecting single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing a target DNA region from a DNA sample derived from genomic DNA contained in a mammal-derived specimen. The immobilized oligonucleotide preferably has a length of 5 to 50 bases.
The 5 ′ end side of the present immobilized oligonucleotide can be immobilized with a carrier, while the 3 ′ end side thereof is directed from the 5 ′ end to the 3 ′ end by the third step and step A2 described later. It may be in a free state so that a single extension reaction that proceeds is possible.
Alternatively, the present immobilized oligonucleotide may be immobilized at its 5 ′ or 3 ′ end with a carrier.
The “can be immobilized with a carrier” described in the above methods 1 to 7 means that the present immobilized oligonucleotide is used as a carrier when selecting a single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing the target DNA region. (1) What is immobilized by the binding of the immobilized oligonucleotide and the carrier at the stage before the binding of the single-stranded DNA (positive strand) to the immobilized oligonucleotide. (2) In the stage after the binding of the single-stranded DNA (positive strand) and the immobilized oligonucleotide, the immobilized oligonucleotide and the carrier are immobilized. There may be.
In order to obtain such a structure, it is complementary to a part of the 3 ′ end of a single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing the target DNA region (excluding the target DNA region). The 5 ′ end of an oligonucleotide having a base sequence (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the present oligonucleotide) is immobilized on a carrier according to a normal genetic engineering operation method or a commercially available kit / device (solid phase To). Specifically, for example, after biotinylating the 5 ′ end of the present oligonucleotide, the obtained biotinylated oligonucleotide is coated with streptavidin (eg, a PCR tube coated with streptavidin, or coated with streptavidin. And fixing to magnetic beads).
Further, a glass having an active functional group such as an amino group, an aldehyde group, or a thiol group covalently bonded to the 5 ′ end side of the oligonucleotide, and then the surface thereof is activated with a silane coupling agent or the like In addition, a method of covalently bonding to a support made of silica or a heat-resistant plastic via a spacer, a crosslinker, or the like, such as a structure in which five triglycerides are connected in series, may be mentioned. Furthermore, a method of chemically synthesizing directly from the 5 ′ end side of the present oligonucleotide on a glass or silicon support is also included.
Specifically, in the second step described in the methods 1 to 7, for example, when the present immobilized oligonucleotide is a biotinylated oligonucleotide,
(A) First, a DNA sample derived from genomic DNA contained in a mammal-derived specimen is subjected to an annealing buffer and a biotinylated oligonucleotide (the step after binding of the single-stranded DNA (positive strand) and the present immobilized oligonucleotide) Thus, the mixture is obtained by adding the present immobilized oligonucleotide and the carrier, which are immobilized by binding to the carrier, at this stage. The resulting mixture is then used for several minutes at 95 ° C. to make double stranded DNA containing the target DNA region present in the DNA sample derived from genomic DNA contained in the mammal-derived specimen into a single strand. Heat. Thereafter, in order to form a double strand with the biotinylated oligonucleotide, it is quickly cooled to a temperature about 10-20 ° C. lower than the Tm value of the biotinylated oligonucleotide, and kept at that temperature for several minutes.
(B) Then, it returns to room temperature.
(C) The support obtained by coating the biotinylated oligonucleotide with streptavidin is added to the support coated with streptavidin, and the mixture obtained in (b) above is further kept at 37 ° C. for several minutes. Secure to the body.
As described above, in the above (a) to (c), the binding between the single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing the target DNA region and the biotinylated oligonucleotide is coated with the biotinylated oligonucleotide and streptavidin. Although it is carried out at a stage prior to fixing with the support, the order may be either. That is, for example, a mixture is obtained by adding a DNA sample derived from a genomic DNA contained in a mammal-derived specimen to a biotinylated oligonucleotide immobilized on a support coated with streptavidin, and the resulting mixture Is heated at 95 ° C. for several minutes, and then biotinylated oligo is converted to single-stranded double-stranded DNA containing a target DNA region present in a genomic DNA-derived DNA sample contained in a mammal-derived specimen. In order to form a double strand with the nucleotide, the biotinylated oligonucleotide may be rapidly cooled to a temperature about 10 to 20 ° C. lower than the Tm value of the biotinylated oligonucleotide, and kept at that temperature for several minutes.
(D) After fixing the biotinylated oligonucleotide to the support coated with streptavidin in this way, the remaining solution is removed and washed (DNA purification).
More specifically, for example, when using a PCR tube coated with streptavidin, the solution is first removed by pipetting or decantation, and then a TE buffer having a volume approximately equal to the volume of the mammal-derived specimen is added thereto. Add, then remove the TE buffer by pipetting or decanting. In addition, when using magnetic beads coated with streptavidin, after fixing the beads with a magnet, first remove the solution by pipetting or decantation, and then add TE buffer that is approximately equal to the volume of the mammal-derived specimen. Add, then remove the TE buffer by pipetting or decanting.
Subsequently, the residual solution is removed and washed (DNA purification) by performing such an operation several times.
This operation is important for removing unimmobilized DNA or DNA floating in a solution digested with a restriction enzyme described later from the reaction solution. If these operations are insufficient, the DNA floating in the reaction solution becomes a template, and an unexpected amplification product is obtained in the amplification reaction. In order to avoid non-specific binding between the support and the DNA in the mammal-derived specimen, DNA having a completely different nucleotide sequence from the target region (for example, rat DNA in the case of a human mammal-derived specimen) is used. A large amount is added to the mammal-derived specimen, and the above operation is performed.
As a preferred embodiment in the second step described in the methods 1 to 7, a single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing the target DNA region and a part of the 3 ′ end of the single-stranded DNA (provided that When a single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide having a base sequence that is complementary to the target DNA region is not bound), it is bound in a reaction system containing a divalent cation. Can be mentioned. More preferably, the divalent cation is a magnesium ion. Here, the “reaction system containing a divalent cation” means a divalent cation in an annealing buffer used for binding the single-stranded DNA (positive strand) and the single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide. Specifically, for example, a salt containing magnesium ion as a constituent element (for example, Mg (OAc)) 2 MgCl 2 Etc.) at a concentration of 1 mM to 600 mM.
In the third step described in the methods 1 to 7, by using the single-stranded DNA selected in the second step as a template, the single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide as a primer, and extending the primer once. The single-stranded DNA is elongated as double-stranded DNA. In this case, in order to extend the primer once using the single-stranded DNA as a template and the single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide as a primer, an extension reaction is performed using DNA polymerase.
Specifically, the third step described in the methods 1 to 7 is carried out as follows when, for example, the present immobilized oligonucleotide is a biotinylated oligonucleotide.
To the single-stranded DNA containing the target DNA region selected in the second step, 17.85 μL of sterilized ultrapure water, an optimal 10 × buffer (100 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.3, 500 mM KCl, 15 mM MgCl 2 ) 3 μL, 2 mM dNTP 3 μL, 5N betaine 6 μL, then AmpliTaq (1 type of DNA polymerase: 5 U / μL) is added to the mixture to a volume of 30 μL and incubated at 37 ° C. for 2 hours . Thereafter, the incubated solution is removed by pipetting or decanting, and then a TE buffer having an amount substantially equal to the volume of the mammal-derived specimen is added thereto, and the TE buffer is removed by pipetting or decanting.
More specifically, for example, when using a PCR tube coated with streptavidin, the solution is first removed by pipetting or decantation, and then a TE buffer having a volume approximately equal to the volume of the mammal-derived specimen is added thereto. Add, then remove the TE buffer by pipetting or decanting. In addition, when using magnetic beads coated with streptavidin, after fixing the beads with a magnet, first remove the solution by pipetting or decantation, and then add TE buffer that is approximately equal to the volume of the mammal-derived specimen. Add, then remove the TE buffer by pipetting or decanting. Subsequently, the residual solution is removed and washed (DNA purification) by performing such an operation several times.
The third step described in the methods 1 to 7 includes a step of separating the single-stranded DNA selected in the second step from the immobilized oligonucleotide and once separating it into a single-stranded state. Using a DNA (positive strand) in a single-stranded state as a template, with respect to a partial base sequence (positive strand) located further 3 'end than the 3' end of the base sequence (positive strand) of the target DNA region In this process, the forward primer having a complementary base sequence (negative strand) is used as an extension primer, and the primer is extended once to form the single-stranded DNA as a double-stranded DNA. May be.
As a method in this case, specifically, for example, heating is performed at 95 ° C. for several minutes in order to make double-stranded DNA into a single strand. Further, after the forward primer is added, it is quickly cooled to a temperature about 10-20 ° C. lower than the Tm value of the forward primer, and kept at that temperature for several minutes, so that the generated single-stranded state is obtained. A double strand of DNA (positive strand) and a forward primer is formed. An optimal 10 × buffer solution (100 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.3, 500 mM KCl, 15 mM MgCl) was added to the resulting double-stranded DNA solution. 2 ) 3 μL, 2 mM dNTP 3 μL, 5N betaine 6 μL, then AmpliTaq (1 type of DNA polymerase: 5 U / μL) is added to the mixture, and sterilized ultrapure water is added to make the volume 30 μL. Incubate for 2 hours at 37 ° C.
The third step may be performed independently of the fourth step, or may be performed continuously with the PCR reaction performed in the fourth step.
In the fourth step described in the above methods 1 to 7, as a pre-step of each of the following steps, the double-stranded DNA formed in the third step (recognized by the recognition site of the methylation sensitive restriction enzyme) A step (previous step) of once separating the double-stranded DNA that has not been formed into a CpG pair in an ammethyl state into a single-stranded state, and this step
(A) Step A1 of selecting the DNA in the single-stranded state by binding the generated single-stranded DNA (positive strand) and the single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide (negative strand) And the single-stranded DNA selected in step A1 as a template, the single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide as a primer, and the primer is extended once to thereby form the single-stranded DNA A step (this step) having the A2 step of extending the DNA as a double-stranded DNA,
(B) using the generated single-stranded DNA (negative strand) as a template, the single-stranded DNA (negative strand) having a partial base sequence (negative strand), and With respect to a partial base sequence (negative strand) positioned further 3 ′ end than the 3 ′ end of the base sequence (negative strand) that is complementary to the base sequence (positive strand) of the target DNA region Using an extension primer (reverse primer) having a complementary base sequence (positive strand) as an extension primer, the extension primer is extended once to extend the single-stranded DNA as a double-stranded DNA. A B step (this step) to be formed;
Further, each step of the fourth step is repeated after separating the elongated double-stranded DNA obtained in each step into a single-stranded state and then repeating the methylation in the target DNA region. The amplified DNA is amplified to a detectable amount and the amount of amplified DNA is quantified.
In the fourth step described in the above methods 1 to 7, first, as a pre-step of each of the following steps, an elongated double-stranded DNA that is an undigested product obtained in the third step (the methylation) The double-stranded DNA formed by extension containing no CpG pair in the ammethyl state at the recognition site of the sensitive restriction enzyme is once separated into a single-stranded state. Specifically, for example, an extended double-stranded DNA that is an undigested product obtained in the third step (a two-strand DNA that does not contain a CpG pair in an methylated state at the recognition site of the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme). An annealing buffer is added to the double-stranded DNA) to obtain a mixture. The resulting mixture is then heated at 95 ° C. for several minutes.
Then, as this process,
(I) To anneal the generated single-stranded DNA (positive strand) to the single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide (negative strand), the Tm of the single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide (negative strand) Cool quickly to a temperature about 10-20 ° C. below the value, and keep at that temperature for several minutes.
(Ii) Then, it returns to room temperature. (Step A1 in Step A)
(Iii) By using the single-stranded DNA selected in (i) above as a template and the single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide as a primer, and extending the primer once, A certain DNA is extended and formed as double-stranded DNA (that is, step A2 in step A). Specifically, for example, it is carried out according to the following explanation or the operation method in the extension reaction in the second step described in the above methods 1 to 7.
(Iv) using the generated single-stranded DNA (negative strand) as a template, the single-stranded DNA (negative strand) having a partial base sequence (negative strand), and With respect to a partial base sequence (negative strand) positioned further 3 ′ end than the 3 ′ end of the base sequence (negative strand) that is complementary to the base sequence (positive strand) of the target DNA region By using the extension primer (reverse primer) having a complementary base sequence (positive strand) as an extension primer (reverse primer), the extension primer is extended once, so that the DNA in the single-stranded state is obtained. It is formed as a double-stranded DNA by extension (ie, step B). Specifically, for example, in the same manner as in (iii) above, it is carried out in accordance with the following description or the operation method in the extension reaction in the second step described in the methods 1 to 7 described above.
(V) Further, each step of the fourth step is repeated after separating the double-stranded DNA formed by extension obtained in each step into a single-stranded state (for example, step A and step A). In step B), the methylated DNA in the target DNA region is amplified to a detectable amount, and the amount of the amplified DNA is quantified. Specifically, for example, in the same manner as described above, the operation is performed according to the following description and the operation method in the previous step, the A step and the B step in the fourth step described in the methods 1 to 7 described above.
As a method for amplifying a target DNA region (that is, a target region) after digestion with a methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme described in the methods 1 to 7, for example, PCR can be used. When amplifying the target region, an immobilized oligonucleotide can be used as a primer on one side, so by adding only the other primer and performing PCR, an amplification product is obtained, and the amplification product is also immobilized. The Rukoto. At this time, if a primer previously labeled with fluorescence or the like is used and the label is used as an index, the presence or absence of an amplification product can be evaluated without performing a troublesome operation such as electrophoresis. As a PCR reaction solution, for example, 0.15 μl of a 50 μM primer solution, 2.5 μl of 2 mM dNTP, 10 × buffer solution (100 mM) are added to the DNA obtained in the third step described in the above methods 1 to 7. Tris-HCl pH 8.3, 500 mM KCl, 20 mM MgCl 2 , 0.01% Gelatin) is mixed with 2.5 μl and AmpliTaq Gold (a kind of heat-resistant DNA polymerase: 5 U / μl) is mixed with 0.2 μl, and sterilized ultrapure water is added thereto to a volume of 25 μl. Can be mentioned.
Since the target DNA region (that is, the target region) has many GC-rich base sequences, the reaction may be carried out by adding an appropriate amount of betaine, DMSO or the like. As the reaction conditions, for example, after the reaction solution is kept at 95 ° C. for 10 minutes as described above, one cycle is 95 ° C. for 30 seconds, 55 to 65 ° C. for 30 seconds, and 72 ° C. for 30 seconds. The condition for performing the heat insulation for 30 to 40 cycles can be given. After performing such PCR, the obtained amplification product is detected. For example, when a pre-labeled primer is used, the amount of the fluorescent label immobilized can be measured after performing the same washing / purifying operation as before. In addition, when PCR is performed using a normal unlabeled primer, detection is performed by annealing gold colloid particles, a probe labeled with fluorescence, etc., and measuring the amount of the probe bound to the target region. be able to. Moreover, in order to obtain | require the quantity of an amplification product more accurately, real-time PCR method is used, for example. The real-time PCR method is a method for monitoring PCR in real time and kinetics analysis of the obtained monitoring results. For example, a high-precision quantitative PCR capable of detecting even a slight difference of about twice as much as the gene amount. It is a method known as law. Examples of the real-time PCR method include a method using a probe such as a template-dependent nucleic acid polymerase probe and a method using an intercalator such as Cyber Green. Commercially available devices and kits for the real-time PCR method may be used. As described above, detection is not particularly limited, and detection by any known method can be performed. In these methods, operations up to detection can be performed without changing the reaction container.
Furthermore, a biotinylated oligonucleotide having the same base sequence as the immobilized oligonucleotide described in the above methods 1 to 7 is designed with a primer on one side or a new biotinylated oligonucleotide on the 3 ′ end side from the immobilized oligonucleotide. It can also be used as a primer on one side, and the target region can be amplified using the complementary primer. In this case, since the obtained amplification product is immobilized if there is a support coated with streptavidin, for example, when PCR is performed in a streptavidin-coated PCR tube, it is immobilized in the tube. As described above, the use of labeled primers makes it easy to detect amplification products. If the previous immobilized oligonucleotide is immobilized by covalent bond or the like, the solution containing the amplification product obtained by PCR is transferred to the container where the streptavidin-coated support is present, and the amplification product is immobilized. It is possible. The detection is performed as described above. The complementary primer for amplifying the target region must be a primer that can amplify a target region having one or more recognition sites for methylation sensitive restriction enzymes and does not include the recognition site. The reason for this is as follows. Only the recognition site of the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme on the 3 ′ end of the DNA strand (new strand) on the side of the immobilized oligonucleotide on the double-stranded DNA obtained by the selection and single extension reaction is not methylated In some cases, only that portion will be digested with a methylation sensitive restriction enzyme. After the digestion, even if the washing operation is performed as described above, the double-stranded DNA that has lost only a part of the 3 ′ end of the nascent strand is present in an immobilized state. When the complementary primer contains the recognition site for the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme on the most 3 ′ end, several bases on the 3 ′ end of the primer are the number of 3 ′ ends of the nascent strand. This is because the target region may be amplified by PCR as a result of annealing with the base.
In the methods described in the above methods 1 to 7, in the pre-operation stage or the post-operation stage of the pre-process of the fourth step, one of the 3 ′ ends of the single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing the target DNA region is used. A step of adding a single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) having a base sequence that is complementary to a portion (excluding the target DNA region) and in a free state into the reaction system ( Variants that additionally have a pre-addition step).
That is,
(Modification 1)
Variant 1 is a pre-operation stage of the pre-step of the fourth step of the method described in methods 1 to 7,
Having a base sequence that is complementary to a part of the 3 ′ end of a single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing the target DNA region (excluding the target DNA region); Additionally having a step of adding a single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) in a free state into the reaction system (pre-addition step), and
As the main step of the fourth step of the method according to the method 1 to 7, the method further includes the following one step:
(C) (i) By binding the generated single-stranded DNA (positive strand) and the single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) added in the reaction system in the above-mentioned pre-addition step, Step C1 for selecting the DNA in the single-stranded state;
(Ii) using the single-stranded DNA selected in step C1 as a template, using the single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) as a primer, and extending the primer once to thereby form the single-stranded state A C step (this step) having a C2 step of extending and forming the DNA as a double-stranded DNA.
(Modification 2)
Variant 2 is a post-operation stage before the fourth step of the method described in methods 1 to 7,
Having a base sequence that is complementary to a part of the 3 ′ end of a single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing the target DNA region (excluding the target DNA region); It additionally has a step (pre-addition step) of adding a single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) that is in a free state into the reaction system, and the unprocessed product obtained through the third step and the above-mentioned pre-addition step. A step of once separating a double-stranded DNA that is a digested product (an extended double-stranded DNA that does not contain the CpG pair in the methylated state at the recognition site of the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme) into a single-stranded state. (Additional re-preceding step), and
As each main step of the fourth step of the method described in the methods 1 to 7, a method additionally having the following one step (hereinafter also referred to as a methylation ratio measuring method described in the methods 1 to 7). Is):
(C) (i) By binding the generated single-stranded DNA (positive strand) and the single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) added in the reaction system in the above-mentioned pre-addition step, Step C1 for selecting the DNA in the single-stranded state;
(Ii) using the single-stranded DNA selected in step C1 as a template, using the single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) as a primer, and extending the primer once to thereby form the single-stranded state A C step (this step) having a C2 step of extending and forming the DNA as a double-stranded DNA.
In the methods described in the above methods 1 to 7, in this modified method, “a part of the 3 ′ end of the single-stranded DNA (positive strand) including the target DNA region (the positive strand) (excluding the target The DNA sequence is not included.) A single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) having a base sequence that is complementary to a free state and added to the reaction system, etc. The amplification efficiency of the target DNA region can be easily improved. The single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) added to the reaction system in the pre-addition step is part of the 3 ′ end of the single-stranded DNA (however, it does not include the target DNA region). If the single-stranded oligonucleotide is a single-stranded oligonucleotide in a free state having a complementary base sequence to the 5 ′ end and having the same base sequence as the single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide, It may be the same base sequence as the immobilized oligonucleotide, a short base sequence, or a long sequence. However, when the sequence is longer than the single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide, the extension primer is extended using the reverse primer (positive strand) as an extension primer and the single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) as a template. The single-stranded oligonucleotide must be in a free state that is not available for the reaction to be performed.
In the methods described in the above methods 1 to 7, when a target region is amplified, an immobilized oligonucleotide is used as a primer on one side, and only the other primer is added to perform PCR. If other methods (for example, analytical methods that can compare the amount of each amplification product obtained by PCR) are performed for product detection, as described above, when the target region is amplified, Alternatively, PCR may be carried out by adding a pair of primers without using the immobilized oligonucleotide as one (one side) primer. After performing such PCR, the amount of amplification product obtained is determined.
In the methods described in the methods 1 to 7, the fourth step has a repetition step. For example, the “generated single-stranded DNA (positive strand)” in the step A1 is the first step. In both the operation of the fourth step and the repetition operation of the fourth step after the second time, this means “generated DNA in a“ free ”single-stranded state (positive strand)”.
In addition, the “generated single-stranded DNA (negative strand)” in the step B means “the first step of the fourth step and the second and subsequent steps of the fourth step repeated” It means the “fixed” single-stranded DNA produced (positive strand) ”. However, when the fourth step further has a C step, it means “generated (fixed) single-stranded DNA (positive strand)” in the first operation of the fourth step. On the other hand, in the second and subsequent rounds of the fourth step, “generated“ fixed ”single-stranded DNA (positive strand)” and “generated“ free ”single-stranded DNA ( "Positive chain)" means both.
In the methods described in the methods 1 to 7, in the case of the step A, the “extension-formed double-stranded DNA” obtained in each step of the fourth step is the first fourth step. In the operation of the process, it means “a double-stranded DNA formed by extension that does not contain the CpG pair in the methylated state at the recognition site of the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme”, while the second and subsequent fourth steps are repeated. In the above, “a double-stranded DNA formed by extension that does not contain an ammethyl-state CpG pair at the recognition site of the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme” and “an ammethyl-state CpG pair is contained at the recognition site of the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme” It means both “extended double-stranded DNA”. In the case of the step B, in both the operation of the fourth step of the first time and the repeated operation of the fourth step after the second time, “the CpG in the methylation sensitive restriction enzyme recognition site is all in the methylated state. It means “extension-formed double-stranded DNA that is a pair”.
The same applies to the case where the fourth step further includes a C step.
In the methods described in the above methods 1 to 7, in the case where the fourth step further has a C step, the “generated single-stranded DNA (positive strand)” in the C1 step is In both the first step of the fourth step and the second and subsequent steps of the fourth step, this means “generated“ free ”single-stranded DNA (positive strand)”.
In addition to the steps in the methods described in the above methods 1 to 7, the method for measuring a methylation rate additionally having the following two steps (that is, the methylation rate measuring method described in the methods 1 to 7) May be:
(5) After performing the first step and the second step of the method described in the methods 1 to 7 (including the modified method), the method described in the methods 1 to 7 (including the modified method) ) Without performing the third step, the fourth step described in the methods 1 to 7 (including the modified method) is carried out, so that the DNA of the target DNA region (methylated DNA and methyl A fifth step of amplifying the total amount of DNA not detected) to a detectable amount and quantifying the amount of amplified DNA; and
(6) It is obtained by comparing the amount of DNA quantified by the fourth step of the method described in the above methods 1 to 7 (including the modified method) with the amount of DNA quantified by the fifth step. A sixth step of calculating a ratio of methylated DNA in the target DNA region based on the difference obtained;
In such a methylation ratio measurement method of the present invention or the present invention, the measurement of the amount of methylated DNA in the target DNA region and the measurement of the methylation ratio are performed using the base sequence of the present DNA as the target DNA region. Restriction enzymes, primers or probes that can be used in various methods for performing are useful as reagents for detection kits. The present invention also provides a detection kit containing these restriction enzymes, primers or probes as reagents, and a detection chip in which these primers or probes are immobilized on a carrier. The scope of the right of the method for measuring the methylation ratio includes use in the form of a detection kit or a detection chip using the substantial principle of the method.
Examples of other embodiments when “measuring methylation frequency or index value correlated therewith” in the evaluation method of the present invention include, for example, methods 8 to 15 shown below.
[Method 8]
Method 8 includes the following steps:
The first step, the second step, and
Third process (first pre-process, second pre-process ((i) second (A) pre-process, (ii) second (B) pre-process), third pre-process, main process ((i) first A Step ((i1) Step A1, (i2) Step A2), (ii) Step B), Repeat Step ((i) Amplification Step, (ii) Quantification Step)).
Specifically, method 8 is a method for measuring the content of methylated DNA in a target DNA region of genomic DNA contained in a biological specimen,
(1) From a DNA sample derived from genomic DNA contained in a biological specimen, a single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing the target DNA region and the complementary DNA region of the single-stranded DNA A single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide having a base sequence that is a sexual base, to select the single-stranded DNA, and the selected single-stranded DNA and the single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide A first step of binding and forming a double-stranded DNA formed by binding;
(2) After the double-stranded DNA formed in the first step is digested with at least one methylation sensitive restriction enzyme, the resulting free digest (in the recognition site of the methylation sensitive restriction enzyme) A second step of removing at least one double-stranded DNA comprising a CpG pair in an ammethyl state; and
(3) As a pre-process of each of the following steps, a double-stranded DNA that has been formed as an undigested product obtained in the second step (a CpG pair in an amethyl state at the recognition site of the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme) A step (first pre-step) of once separating the double-stranded DNA formed without a bond) into a single-stranded state;
By combining the generated free single-stranded DNA (positive strand) with the single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide, the generated free single-stranded DNA is selected, A step of forming a double-stranded DNA formed by binding the selected single-stranded DNA and the single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide (second (A) pre-step),
Using the double-stranded DNA formed by binding in the step (second (A) pre-step), using the selected single-stranded DNA as a template and the single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide as a primer, the primer By extending the selected single-stranded DNA into a double-stranded DNA formed by extension (second (B) pre-process),
Having a step (second pre-step),
The double-stranded DNA extended in the second pre-process (the double-stranded DNA formed by extension containing no CpG pair in the methylated state at the recognition site of the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme) is in a single-stranded state. A step (third pre-step) for once separating the DNA (positive strand) and the DNA (negative strand) in a single-stranded state, and as this step
(A) The DNA in the single-stranded state is selected by binding the generated single-stranded DNA (positive strand) to the single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide (negative strand). The DNA in the single-stranded state selected in Step A1 and Step A1 is used as a template, the single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide is used as a primer, and the primer is extended once, whereby the single strand A step A (this step) having a step A2 of extending the DNA in a strand state as a double-stranded DNA;
(B) using the generated single-stranded DNA (negative strand) as a template, a partial base sequence (negative strand) of the base sequence of the single-stranded DNA (negative strand), and , A partial base sequence (negative strand) located further to the 3 ′ end side than the 3 ′ end of the base sequence (negative strand) that is complementary to the base sequence (positive strand) of the target DNA region, An extension primer (reverse primer) that has a complementary base sequence (positive strand) and cannot be used for an extension reaction using the above-mentioned single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide as a template is used as an extension primer. A step B (this step), in which the DNA in the single-stranded state is converted into a double-stranded DNA that has been formed by extending the primer once, and each step of the third step is further performed. , The stretch formed in each of the above steps The double-stranded DNA is once separated into a single-stranded state and then repeated to amplify the methylated DNA in the target DNA region to a detectable amount, and the amount of amplified DNA The third step to quantify,
It is the method which has.
[Method 9]
Method 9 includes the following steps:
The first step, the second step, and
Third process (first pre-process, second pre-process ((i) second (A) pre-process, (ii) second (B) pre-process), third pre-process, main process ((i) first A Step ((i1) Step A1, (i2) Step A2), (ii) Step B), Repeat Step ((i) Amplification Step, (ii) Quantification Step)).
Specifically, in the method 9, in the first step, a single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing the target DNA region and a base sequence that is complementary to the target DNA region of the single-stranded DNA The method according to the method 8, wherein the binding is performed in a reaction system containing a divalent cation when the single-stranded immobilized oligonucleotide having a divalent cation is bound.
[Method 10]
Method 10 includes the following steps:
The first step, the second step, and
Third process (first pre-process, second pre-process ((i) second (A) pre-process, (ii) second (B) pre-process)), third pre-process, main process ((i) first Step A ((i1) Step A1, Step (i2) Step A2), (ii) Step B), Repeat Step ((i) Amplification Step, (ii) Quantification Step)).
Specifically, Method 10 is the method described in Method 9, wherein the divalent cation is a magnesium ion.
[Method 11]
Method 11 includes the following steps:
The first step, the second step, and
Third step (first pre-step (including pre-addition step), second pre-step ((i) second (A) pre-step, (ii) second (B) pre-step), third pre-step, book Step ((i) Step A ((i1) Step A1, Step (i2) Step A2), (ii) Step B, (iii) Step C ((iii1) Step C1, Step (iii) Step C2 Step)), repetition step ((i) amplification step, (ii) quantification step)).
Specifically, the method 11 is a pre-operation stage of the first pre-process of the third process described in any of the methods 8 to 10,
A single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) having a base sequence complementary to a part of the 3 ′ end of the single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing the target DNA region and in a free state Is additionally added to the reaction system (pre-addition step), and
As the main step of the third step according to any one of the methods 1 to 3, the method further includes the following one step:
(C) (i) By binding the generated single-stranded DNA (positive strand) and the single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) added in the reaction system in the above-mentioned pre-addition step, Step C1 for selecting the DNA in the single-stranded state,
(Ii) Using the single-stranded DNA selected in step C1 as a template, the single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) as a primer, and extending the primer once, thereby A second step C2 in which a DNA in a strand state is formed into an extended double-stranded DNA;
C process (this process) which has.
[Method 12]
Method 12 includes the following steps:
The first step, the second step, and
Third process (first pre-process (including pre-addition process and additional re-pre-process), second pre-process ((i) second (A) pre-process, (ii) second (B) pre-process), first Three previous processes, this process ((i) A process ((i1) A1 process, (i2) A2 process), (ii) B process, (iii) C process ((iii1) C1 process, (Iii2) Step C2)), repeat step ((i) amplification step, (ii) quantitative step)).
Specifically, the method 12 is a post-operation stage of the first pre-process of the third process described in any of the methods 8 to 10,
A single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) having a base sequence complementary to a part of the 3 ′ end of the single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing the target DNA region and in a free state A double-stranded DNA that is an undigested product obtained through the second step and the above-described pre-addition step (the methylation described above). A step (an additional re-previous step) of once separating the double-stranded DNA formed by extension that does not contain an ammethyl CpG pair at the recognition site of the sensitive restriction enzyme into a single-stranded state, and
As the main step of the third step according to any one of the methods 8 to 10, the method further includes the following one step:
(C) (i) By binding the generated single-stranded DNA (positive strand) and the single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) added in the reaction system in the above-mentioned pre-addition step, Step C1 for selecting the DNA in the single-stranded state,
(Ii) Using the single-stranded DNA selected in step C1 as a template, the single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) as a primer, and extending the primer once, thereby A second step C2 in which a DNA in a strand state is formed into an extended double-stranded DNA;
C process (this process) which has.
[Method 13]
Method 13 includes the following steps:
The first step, the second step, and
Third step (first pre-step (including pre-addition step), second pre-step ((i) second (A) pre-step, (ii) second (B) pre-step), third pre-step, book Step ((i) Step A ((i1) Step A1, Step (i2) Step A2), (ii) Step B, (iii) Step C ((iii1) Step C1, Step (iii) Step C2 Step)), repetition step ((i) amplification step, (ii) quantification step)).
Specifically, the method 13 is a pre-operation stage of the third pre-process of the third process described in any of the methods 8 to 10,
A single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) having a base sequence complementary to a part of the 3 ′ end of the single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing the target DNA region and in a free state Is additionally added to the reaction system (pre-addition step), and
As the main step of the third step described in any one of the methods 8 to 10, the method further includes the following one step:
(C) (i) By binding the generated single-stranded DNA (positive strand) and the single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) added in the reaction system in the above-mentioned pre-addition step, Step C1 for selecting the DNA in the single-stranded state,
(Ii) Using the single-stranded DNA selected in step C1 as a template, the single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) as a primer, and extending the primer once, thereby A second step C2 in which a DNA in a strand state is formed into an extended double-stranded DNA;
C process (this process) which has.
[Method 14]
Method 14 includes the following steps:
The first step, the second step, and
Third process (first pre-process (including pre-addition process and additional re-pre-process), second pre-process ((i) second (A) pre-process, (ii) second (B) pre-process), first Three previous processes, this process ((i) A process ((i1) A1 process, (i2) A2 process), (ii) B process, (iii) C process ((iii1) C1 process, (Iii2) Step C2)), repeat step ((i) amplification step, (ii) quantitative step)).
Specifically, the method 14 is a post-operation stage of the third pre-process of the third process described in any of the methods 8 to 10,
A single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) having a base sequence complementary to a part of the 3 ′ end of the single-stranded DNA (positive strand) containing the target DNA region and in a free state A double-stranded DNA that is an undigested product obtained through the second step and the above-described pre-addition step (the methylation described above). A step (an additional re-previous step) of once separating the double-stranded DNA formed by extension that does not contain an ammethyl CpG pair at the recognition site of the sensitive restriction enzyme into a single-stranded state, and
As the main step of the third step according to any one of the methods 8 to 10, the method further includes the following one step:
(C) (i) By binding the generated single-stranded DNA (positive strand) and the single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) added in the reaction system in the above-mentioned pre-addition step, Step C1 for selecting the DNA in the single-stranded state,
(Ii) Using the single-stranded DNA selected in step C1 as a template, the single-stranded oligonucleotide (negative strand) as a primer, and extending the primer once, thereby A second step C2 in which a DNA in a strand state is formed into an extended double-stranded DNA;
C process (this process) which has.
[Method 15]
Method 15 includes the following steps:
First step,
Third process (first pre-process, second pre-process ((i) second (A) pre-process, (ii) second (B) pre-process), third pre-process, main process ((i) first A Step ((i1) Step A1, (i2) Step A2), (ii) Step B),
The fourth step ((i) amplification step, (ii) quantification step) and
5th process.
Specifically, the method 15 is a method for measuring a methylation ratio, which further includes the following two steps as the steps of the method described in any of the methods 8 to 14:
(4) After performing the first step of the method described in any of the methods 8 to 14, the method 8 without performing the second step of the method described in any of the methods 8 to 14 By performing the third step in the method according to any one of -14, the DNA of the target DNA region (total amount of methylated DNA and non-methylated DNA) becomes a detectable amount A fourth step of amplifying and quantifying the amount of amplified DNA; and
(5) Based on the difference obtained by comparing the amount of DNA quantified by the third step according to any one of the methods 8 to 14 and the amount of DNA quantified by the fourth step, And a fifth step of calculating the ratio of methylated DNA in the DNA region.
In the first step of the evaluation method of the present invention, as a method for measuring an index value correlated with the methylation frequency of the present DNA contained in a mammal-derived specimen, for example, transcription of a gene present downstream of the present DNA Examples of the method include measuring the amount of mRNA that is a product and the amount of mRNA that is a transcription product of a gene whose expression level decreases due to methylation of the present DNA. For the measurement, for example, real-time PCR method, Northern blot method [Molecular Cloning, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (1989)], in situ RT-PCR method [Nucleic Acids Res. , 21, 3159-3166 (1993)], in situ hybridization method, NASBA method [Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification, nature, 350, 91-92 (1991)].
Samples containing mRNA, which is a transcription product of a gene present downstream of the DNA contained in a mammal-derived specimen, or mRNA, which is a transcription product of a gene whose expression level decreases due to methylation of the DNA, should be Similarly, it is prepared by extraction, purification, etc. from the sample.
When Northern blotting is used to measure the amount of mRNA contained in the prepared sample, the expression level of the detection probe decreases due to the gene existing downstream of the DNA or the methylation of the DNA. Genes or a part of them (a restriction enzyme digest of a gene present downstream of this DNA, an oligonucleotide of about 100 bases to about 1000 bases chemically synthesized according to the base sequence of the gene present downstream of this DNA, etc.) There is no particular limitation as long as it provides a detectable specificity under the detection conditions used in hybridization with mRNA contained in the sample.
When the real-time PCR method is used to measure the amount of mRNA contained in the prepared sample, the expression level of the primer used is the gene present downstream of the DNA or the methylation of the DNA. Any gene can be used as long as it can specifically amplify only the gene to be reduced, and the region to be amplified and the base length are not particularly limited. It is also possible to measure the amount of transcript by a real-time PCR method. When quantification is required, high-accuracy quantification is possible by detecting PCR reaction products in real time and performing kinetic analysis, for example, to detect even a slight difference of about twice the gene amount. The amount of each product can also be compared using real-time PCR which is a PCR method. Examples of the method for performing real-time PCR include a method using a probe such as a template-dependent nucleic acid polymerase probe or a method using an intercalator such as Cyber Green. Equipment and kits for real-time PCR are already commercially available.
In the first step of the evaluation method of the present invention, as another method of measuring an index value correlated with the methylation frequency of the present DNA contained in a mammal-derived specimen, for example, a gene present downstream of the present DNA Or the method of measuring the quantity of the protein which is the translation product of the gene whose expression level reduces by methylation of this DNA can also be mention | raise | lifted. For the measurement, for example, an immunoblot method described in Cell Engineering Handbook, Yodosha, 207 (1992) using a specific antibody (monoclonal antibody, polyclonal antibody) against the protein, separation by immunoprecipitation Or a known method such as an indirect competitive inhibition method (ELISA method).
A specific antibody against a protein can be produced according to a conventional immunological method using the protein as an immunizing antigen.
Using such various methods as described above, an index value correlated with the methylation frequency of the target DNA contained in the mammal-derived specimen is measured. The index value correlated with the measured methylation frequency and, for example, the methylation frequency of the target DNA contained in a sample derived from a healthy mammal that can be diagnosed as having no cancer cells such as colon cancer cells. An index value (control) having a correlation is compared, and the degree of canceration of the specimen is determined based on a difference obtained by the comparison. If the index value having a positive correlation with the methylation frequency of the target DNA contained in the sample derived from the mammal is higher than that of the control or the index value having a negative correlation is higher than that of the control. If it is low (if the target DNA is highly methylated in comparison with the control), it can be determined that the degree of canceration of the sample is high in comparison with the control.
In the evaluation method of the present invention, the primer, probe or specific antibody that can be used in various methods for measuring the target DNA methylation frequency or an index value correlated therewith is used for cancer cells such as colon cancer cells. It is useful as a reagent for detection kits. The present invention relates to a kit for detecting cancer cells such as colorectal cancer cells containing these primers, probes or specific antibodies as reagents, and a colon where these primers, probes or specific antibodies are immobilized on a carrier. A chip for detecting cancer cells such as cancer cells is also provided, and the scope of rights of the evaluation method of the present invention is such as the detection kit and the detection chip as described above using the substantial principle of the method. Including use in various forms.

 以下に実施例により本発明を詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。
実施例1
(シトシンのメチル化割合の測定)
 Biochain社より下表に示されるヒト組織由来ゲノムDNAを入手し、MassARRAYシステムを用いたMassARRAY解析を実施した。詳細はSEQUENOMアプリケーションノートに示される定量的DNAメチル化解析用EpiTYPERの概論に従った手法にしたがって、配列番号1から19のいずれかに示される塩基配列からなるオリゴヌクレオチドであるアンプリコン1−19に含まれるシトシンのメチル化割合を測定した。

Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-I000001
アンプリコン1−19を以下に示す。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-I000002
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-I000003
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-I000004
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-I000005
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-I000006
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-I000007
 上記の19のアンプリコンで示される塩基配列をBisulfite処理して得られるDNAを増幅させるために設計された19のプライマーセットを以下に示す。
アンプリコン1に対するプライマーセットは、プライマーF1とプライマーR1である。
アンプリコン2に対するプライマーセットは、プライマーF2とプライマーR2である。
アンプリコン3に対するプライマーセットは、プライマーF3とプライマーR3である。
アンプリコン4に対するプライマーセットは、プライマーF4とプライマーR4である。
アンプリコン5に対するプライマーセットは、プライマーF5とプライマーR5である。
アンプリコン6に対するプライマーセットは、プライマーF6とプライマーR6である。
アンプリコン7に対するプライマーセットは、プライマーF7とプライマーR7である。
アンプリコン8に対するプライマーセットは、プライマーF8とプライマーR8である。
アンプリコン9に対するプライマーセットは、プライマーF9とプライマーR9である。
アンプリコン10に対するプライマーセットは、プライマーF10とプライマーR10である。
アンプリコン11に対するプライマーセットは、プライマーF11とプライマーR11である。
アンプリコン12に対するプライマーセットは、プライマーF12とプライマーR12である。
アンプリコン13に対するプライマーセットは、プライマーF13とプライマーR13である。
アンプリコン14に対するプライマーセットは、プライマーF14とプライマーR14である。
アンプリコン15に対するプライマーセットは、プライマーF15とプライマーR15である。
アンプリコン16に対するプライマーセットは、プライマーF16とプライマーR16である。
アンプリコン17に対するプライマーセットは、プライマーF17とプライマーR17である。
アンプリコン18に対するプライマーセットは、プライマーF18とプライマーR18である。
アンプリコン19に対するプライマーセットは、プライマーF19とプライマーR19である。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-I000008
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-I000009
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-I000010
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-I000011
以下にSEQUENOMアプリケーションノートに示されるMassARRAYシステムを用いた定量的DNAメチル化解析用EpiTYPERの概要を示す。
プライマー設計:
メチル化解析用に以下のプライマーシステムを設計する。In vitro転写に適した産物を得るため、T7プロモータを付加したリバースプライマーとする。サイクリング失敗を防ぐために8bpインサートを挿入する。また、PCRのバランスをとるために10merタグを付加したフォワードプライマーとする。
Bisulfite処理:
サンプルゲノムDNAのBisulfite変換処理にはZymo Research社のEZ−96DNA Methylation KitまたはEZ DNA Methylation Kitを使用する。このプロトコルの初回インキュベーション後、以下のとおりサイクル反応をおこなう。
 95℃30分間次いで50℃15分間を1サイクルとして45サイクル
(1)ステップ1:増幅
385−マイクロタイターフォーマットを用いて総容量5μL中1μLのDNAを増幅する(1反応あたり最終濃度2ng/μLとするために10ng/μL以上のDNAを1.00μL以上使用する)。各反応液を2種類の切断反応(T切断反応とC切断反応)に分ける。プレートを密封し、以下のとおりサイクル反応をおこなう。
 94℃15分間保温した後、94℃20秒間次いで56℃30秒間次いで72℃1分間を1サイクルとする保温を45サイクル行い、次いで72℃3分間保温する。
(2)ステップ2:脱リン酸化
各PCR反応液5μLにエビ由来アルカリフォスファターゼ(SAP)酵素2μLを添加し、PCRに組み込まれなかったdNTPを脱リン酸化する。プレートを37℃で20分インキュベートし次いで85℃で5分インキュベートする。
(3)ステップ3:In vitro転写とRNase切断
各切断反応(TおよびC)用に転写/RNaseAカクテルを調製する。標準セットアップでは1プレートあたり、1つの転写/RNaseAカクテルを調製する。サイクル反応をおこなっていない新しいマイクロタイタープレートに、転写/RNaseAカクテル5μLとPCR/SAPサンプル2μLを添加する。プレートを1分間遠心し、次にプレートを37℃で3時間インキュベートする。
(4)ステップ4:サンプルコンディショニング
384穴プレートの各サンプルにddH20 20μLを加える。レジンプレートを用いて各穴にClean Resinを6mg加える。10分間攪拌し、3,200xgで5分間スピンダウンする。
(5)ステップ5:サンプルの移動
10~15nLのEpiTYPER反応産物を384穴SpectroCHIPに分注する。
(6)ステップ6:サンプル解析
MassARRAYシステムを用いて2種類の切断反応のスペクトルを得る。
(7)ステップ7:解析ソフトウェア
結果をEpiTYPERソフトウェアにより解析する。
 上記の解析により得られたメチル化DNA割合の結果をグラフ化し、図1~39に示す。
 ヒト乳腺健常組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(N01およびN02)およびヒト乳がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)について:
配列番号1で示される塩基配列において塩基番号109、163、176、218、226、228、247、257、286及び391で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を図1に示し;
配列番号2で示される塩基配列において塩基番号55、60、383及び391で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を図2に示し;
配列番号3で示される塩基配列において塩基番号113、119、133及び138で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を図3に示し;
配列番号6で示される塩基配列において塩基番号27、43、97、102、118、131、138、152、157、213、216、220、229及び234で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を図4に示し;
配列番号7で示される塩基配列において塩基番号106、116、118、140、174及び237で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を図5に示し;
配列番号8で示される塩基配列において塩基番号54、169、172、240、295及び420で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を図6に示し;
配列番号9で示される塩基配列において塩基番号233、326、378、383、408、429及び453で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を図7に示し;
配列番号10で示される塩基配列において塩基番号69、72、78、129、159、161、232、235、264、297及び335で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を図8に示し;
配列番号11で示される塩基配列において塩基番号37、52、64、80、102、104、117、164、170、173、198、201、216、274、277、296、307、314、327、379、401、403及び411で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を図9に示し;
配列番号12で示される塩基配列において塩基番号55、58、77、88、95、108、160、182、184、192、252、275、287、317、359、362、368、413及び421で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を図10に示し;
配列番号13で示される塩基配列において塩基番号37、44、72、136、172、174、181、193、207、227、241、253、261、285、305、338、359及び384で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を図11に示し;
配列番号14で示される塩基配列において塩基番号27、32、109、112、116及び257で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を図12に示し;
配列番号16で示される塩基配列において塩基番号148及び243で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を図13に示し;
配列番号17で示される塩基配列において塩基番号42、72、185、206及び211で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果、並びに、配列番号18で示される塩基配列において塩基番号49、58、61、254、277、305及び333で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を図14に示し;そして
配列番号19で示される塩基配列において塩基番号102、116、124、188、206、221、241、254、258、286、288、297、303、315、321、333、335、389、392、410、425、435、438、453及び456で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を図15に示す。
ヒト乳がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)におけるCGのメチル化割合はヒト乳腺健常組織ゲノムDNA(N01およびN02)に比して高かった。
 ヒト肺健常組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(N01およびN02)およびヒト肺がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02およびC03)について:
配列番号1で示される塩基配列において塩基番号109、163、176、218、226、228、247、257、286及び391で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を図16に示し;
配列番号3で示される塩基配列において塩基番号113、119、133及び138で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を図17に示し;
配列番号4で示される塩基配列において塩基番号69、113及び265で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を図18に示し;
配列番号6で示される塩基配列において塩基番号27、43、97、102、118、131、138、152、157、213、216、220、229及び234で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を図19に示し;
配列番号8で示される塩基配列において塩基番号54、169、172、240、295及び420で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を図20に示し;
配列番号10で示される塩基配列において塩基番号69、72、78、129、159、161、232、235、264、297及び335で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を図21に示し;
配列番号11で示される塩基配列において塩基番号37、52、64、80、102、104、117、164、170、173、198、201、216、274、277、296、307、314、327、379、401、403及び411で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を図22に示し;
配列番号12で示される塩基配列において塩基番号55、58、77、88、95、108、160、182、184、192、252、275、287、317、359、362、368、413及び421で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を図23に示し;
配列番号13で示される塩基配列において塩基番号37、44、72、136、172、174、181、193、207、227、241、253、261、285、305、338、359及び384で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を図24に示し;
配列番号15で示される塩基配列において塩基番号29、35、56、65、67、71、74、92、108、133、157、171、235、252及び266で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を図25に示し;
配列番号16で示される塩基配列において塩基番号148及び243で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を図26に示し;そして
配列番号19で示される塩基配列において塩基番号102、116、124、188、206、221、241、254、258、286、288、297、303、315、321、333、335、389、392、410、425、435、438、453及び456で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を図27に示す。
ヒト肺がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02およびC03)におけるCGのメチル化割合はヒト肺健常組織ゲノムDNA(N01およびN02)に比して高かった。
 ヒト大腸健常組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(N01およびN02)およびヒト大腸がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)について:
配列番号1で示される塩基配列において塩基番号109、163、176、218、226、228、247、257、286及び391で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を図28に示し;
配列番号3で示される塩基配列において塩基番号113、119、133及び138で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を図29に示し;
配列番号5で示される塩基配列において塩基番号184、212、263及び324で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を図30に示し;
配列番号6で示される塩基配列において塩基番号27、43、97、102、118、131、138、152、157、213、216、220、229及び234で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を図31に示し;
配列番号7で示される塩基配列において塩基番号106、116、118、140、174及び237で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を図32に示し;
配列番号9で示される塩基配列において塩基番号233、326、378、383、408、429及び453で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を図33に示し;
配列番号10で示される塩基配列において塩基番号69、72、78、129、159、161、232、235、264、297及び335で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を図34に示し;
配列番号11で示される塩基配列において塩基番号37、52、64、80、102、104、117、164、170、173、198、201、216、274、277、296、307、314、327、379、401、403及び411で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を図35に示し;
配列番号12で示される塩基配列において塩基番号55、58、77、88、95、108、160、182、184、192、252、275、287、317、359、362、368、413及び421で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を図36に示し;
配列番号13で示される塩基配列において塩基番号37、44、72、136、172、174、181、193、207、227、241、253、261、285、305、338、359及び384で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を図37に示し;
配列番号14で示される塩基配列において塩基番号27、32、109、112、116及び257で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を図38に示し;そして
配列番号15で示される塩基配列において塩基番号29、35、56、65、67、71、74、92、108、133、157、171、235、252及び266で示されるシトシンのメチル化割合の測定結果を図39に示す。
ヒト大腸がん組織ゲノムDNAサンプル(C01、C02、C03およびC04)におけるCGのメチル化割合はヒト大腸健常組織ゲノムDNA(N01およびN02)に比して高かった。
 以上のように、ヒト大腸がん組織ゲノムDNAのメチル化割合はヒト大腸健常組織ゲノムDNAのメチル化割合に比して高いことが示された。ヒト乳がん組織ゲノムDNAのメチル化割合はヒト乳腺健常組織ゲノムDNAのメチル化割合に比して高いことが示された。ヒト肺がん組織ゲノムDNAのメチル化割合はヒト肺健常組織ゲノムDNAのメチル化割合に比して高いことが示された。
 以上より、(1)ヒト大腸組織ゲノムDNAのメチル化割合を測定することにより、大腸がん細胞が存在するか否か、(2)ヒト乳腺組織ゲノムDNAのメチル化割合を測定することにより、乳がん細胞が存在するか否か、あるいは(3)ヒト肺組織ゲノムDNAのメチル化割合を測定することにより、肺がん細胞が存在するか否かを評価できることが確認された。 EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
(Measurement of methylation rate of cytosine)
Human tissue-derived genomic DNA shown in the table below was obtained from Biochain, and MassARRAY analysis was performed using the MassARRAY system. For details, amplicon 1-19, which is an oligonucleotide consisting of the base sequence shown in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1 to 19, is prepared according to the method according to the outline of EpiTYPER for quantitative DNA methylation analysis shown in the SEQUENOM application note. The methylation rate of cytosine contained was measured.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-I000001
Amplicon 1-19 is shown below.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-I000002
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-I000003
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-I000004
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-I000005
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-I000006
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-I000007
The 19 primer sets designed to amplify DNA obtained by Bisulfite treatment of the base sequence represented by the above 19 amplicons are shown below.
The primer sets for amplicon 1 are primer F1 and primer R1.
Primer sets for amplicon 2 are primer F2 and primer R2.
The primer sets for amplicon 3 are primer F3 and primer R3.
Primer sets for amplicon 4 are primer F4 and primer R4.
Primer sets for amplicon 5 are primer F5 and primer R5.
Primer sets for amplicon 6 are primer F6 and primer R6.
Primer sets for amplicon 7 are primer F7 and primer R7.
Primer sets for amplicon 8 are primer F8 and primer R8.
Primer sets for amplicon 9 are primer F9 and primer R9.
Primer sets for amplicon 10 are primer F10 and primer R10.
Primer sets for amplicon 11 are primer F11 and primer R11.
Primer sets for amplicon 12 are primer F12 and primer R12.
Primer sets for amplicon 13 are primer F13 and primer R13.
Primer sets for amplicon 14 are primer F14 and primer R14.
Primer sets for amplicon 15 are primer F15 and primer R15.
Primer sets for amplicon 16 are primer F16 and primer R16.
Primer sets for amplicon 17 are primer F17 and primer R17.
Primer sets for amplicon 18 are primer F18 and primer R18.
Primer sets for amplicon 19 are primer F19 and primer R19.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-I000008
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-I000009
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-I000010
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-I000011
The following is an overview of EpiTYPER for quantitative DNA methylation analysis using the MassARRAY system shown in the SEQUENOM application note.
Primer design:
The following primer system is designed for methylation analysis. To obtain a product suitable for in vitro transcription, a reverse primer with a T7 promoter added is used. Insert an 8 bp insert to prevent cycling failure. In order to balance PCR, a forward primer with a 10-mer tag is used.
Bisulfite processing:
For the Bisulfite conversion treatment of the sample genomic DNA, EZ-96 DNA Methylation Kit or EZ DNA Methylation Kit of Zymo Research is used. After the initial incubation of this protocol, the cycle reaction is performed as follows.
45 cycles of 95 ° C. for 30 minutes and then 50 ° C. for 15 minutes (1) Step 1: Amplify 1 μL of DNA in a total volume of 5 μL using amplification 385-microtiter format (final concentration of 2 ng / μL per reaction) In order to achieve this, use 1.00 μL or more of DNA of 10 ng / μL or more. Each reaction solution is divided into two types of cleavage reactions (T cleavage reaction and C cleavage reaction). Seal the plate and perform the cycle reaction as follows.
After incubating at 94 ° C. for 15 minutes, 45 cycles of incubating at 94 ° C. for 20 seconds, 56 ° C. for 30 seconds, and then at 72 ° C. for 1 minute are performed for 45 cycles, and then at 72 ° C. for 3 minutes.
(2) Step 2: Dephosphorylation Add 2 μL of shrimp-derived alkaline phosphatase (SAP) enzyme to 5 μL of each PCR reaction solution to dephosphorylate dNTPs that have not been incorporated into PCR. The plate is incubated for 20 minutes at 37 ° C and then for 5 minutes at 85 ° C.
(3) Step 3: In vitro transcription and RNase cleavage Prepare a transcription / RNase A cocktail for each cleavage reaction (T and C). The standard setup prepares one transcription / RNase A cocktail per plate. Add 5 μL of transcription / RNase A cocktail and 2 μL of PCR / SAP sample to a new microtiter plate that has not been cycled. The plate is centrifuged for 1 minute and then the plate is incubated at 37 ° C. for 3 hours.
(4) Step 4: Sample conditioning Add 20 μL of ddH20 to each sample in the 384-well plate. Add 6 mg of Clean Resin to each well using a resin plate. Stir for 10 minutes and spin down at 3,200 xg for 5 minutes.
(5) Step 5: Transfer of sample Disperse 10-15 nL of EpiTYPE reaction product into 384-well SpectroCHIP.
(6) Step 6: Sample analysis MassARRAY system is used to obtain spectra of two types of cleavage reactions.
(7) Step 7: Analyze the analysis software result with EpiTYPER software.
The results of the ratio of methylated DNA obtained by the above analysis are graphed and shown in FIGS.
For human mammary gland healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04):
FIG. 1 shows the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios shown by base numbers 109, 163, 176, 218, 226, 228, 247, 257, 286 and 391 in the base sequence shown by SEQ ID NO: 1;
FIG. 2 shows the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratio represented by base numbers 55, 60, 383 and 391 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2;
FIG. 3 shows the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios represented by base numbers 113, 119, 133 and 138 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3;
The measurement result of the cytosine methylation ratio shown by base numbers 27, 43, 97, 102, 118, 131, 138, 152, 157, 213, 216, 220, 229 and 234 in the base sequence shown by SEQ ID NO: 6 Shown in FIG. 4;
FIG. 5 shows the measurement results of the methylation ratio of cytosine represented by base numbers 106, 116, 118, 140, 174 and 237 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7;
FIG. 6 shows the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios shown by base numbers 54, 169, 172, 240, 295 and 420 in the base sequence shown by SEQ ID NO: 8;
FIG. 7 shows the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios shown by base numbers 233, 326, 378, 383, 408, 429 and 453 in the base sequence shown by SEQ ID NO: 9;
FIG. 8 shows the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios shown by base numbers 69, 72, 78, 129, 159, 161, 232, 235, 264, 297 and 335 in the base sequence shown by SEQ ID NO: 10;
In the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11, base numbers 37, 52, 64, 80, 102, 104, 117, 164, 170, 173, 198, 201, 216, 274, 277, 296, 307, 314, 327, 379 , 401, 403 and 411 show the measurement results of the methylation rate of cytosine shown in FIG. 9;
In the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12, it is represented by base numbers 55, 58, 77, 88, 95, 108, 160, 182, 184, 192, 252, 275, 287, 317, 359, 362, 368, 413 and 421. FIG. 10 shows the measurement results of the methylation rate of cytosine;
Cytosine represented by base numbers 37, 44, 72, 136, 172, 174, 181, 193, 207, 227, 241, 253, 261, 285, 305, 338, 359 and 384 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13. FIG. 11 shows the measurement results of the methylation ratio of
FIG. 12 shows the measurement results of the methylation ratio of cytosine represented by base numbers 27, 32, 109, 112, 116 and 257 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 14;
FIG. 13 shows the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios shown by base numbers 148 and 243 in the base sequence shown by SEQ ID NO: 16;
Measurement results of the methylation ratio of cytosine represented by base numbers 42, 72, 185, 206 and 211 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 17, and base numbers 49, 58, 61 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 18 The measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios shown by H.254, 277, 305 and 333 are shown in FIG. 14; and in the base sequence shown by SEQ ID NO: 19, the base numbers 102, 116, 124, 188, 206, 221, 241 254, 258, 286, 288, 297, 303, 315, 321, 333, 335, 389, 392, 410, 425, 435, 438, 453, and 456, the measurement results of the methylation ratio of cytosine are shown in FIG. Shown in
The percentage of CG methylation in human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human breast healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
For human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03):
FIG. 16 shows the results of measurement of the methylation ratio of cytosine represented by base numbers 109, 163, 176, 218, 226, 228, 247, 257, 286 and 391 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1;
FIG. 17 shows the measurement results of the methylation ratio of cytosine represented by base numbers 113, 119, 133 and 138 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3;
FIG. 18 shows the measurement results of the methylation ratio of cytosine represented by base numbers 69, 113 and 265 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4;
The measurement result of the cytosine methylation ratio shown by base numbers 27, 43, 97, 102, 118, 131, 138, 152, 157, 213, 216, 220, 229 and 234 in the base sequence shown by SEQ ID NO: 6 As shown in FIG. 19;
FIG. 20 shows the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios shown by base numbers 54, 169, 172, 240, 295 and 420 in the base sequence shown by SEQ ID NO: 8;
FIG. 21 shows the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios shown by base numbers 69, 72, 78, 129, 159, 161, 232, 235, 264, 297 and 335 in the base sequence shown by SEQ ID NO: 10;
In the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11, base numbers 37, 52, 64, 80, 102, 104, 117, 164, 170, 173, 198, 201, 216, 274, 277, 296, 307, 314, 327, 379 , 401, 403 and 411 show the measurement results of the methylation rate of cytosine shown in FIG.
In the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12, it is represented by base numbers 55, 58, 77, 88, 95, 108, 160, 182, 184, 192, 252, 275, 287, 317, 359, 362, 368, 413 and 421. The measurement results of the methylation rate of cytosine are shown in FIG. 23;
Cytosine represented by base numbers 37, 44, 72, 136, 172, 174, 181, 193, 207, 227, 241, 253, 261, 285, 305, 338, 359 and 384 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13. The measurement results of the methylation ratio of are shown in FIG. 24;
Measurement of the methylation rate of cytosine represented by base numbers 29, 35, 56, 65, 67, 71, 74, 92, 108, 133, 157, 171, 235, 252 and 266 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 15. The results are shown in FIG. 25;
The measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios indicated by base numbers 148 and 243 in the base sequence shown by SEQ ID NO: 16 are shown in FIG. 26; and base numbers 102, 116, 124, 188 in the base sequence shown by SEQ ID NO: 19 , 206, 221, 241, 254, 258, 286, 288, 297, 303, 315, 321, 333, 335, 389, 392, 410, 425, 435, 438, 453 and 456 The measurement results are shown in FIG.
The CG methylation rate in human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02 and C03) was higher than that in human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
For human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA samples (N01 and N02) and human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04):
FIG. 28 shows the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios shown by base numbers 109, 163, 176, 218, 226, 228, 247, 257, 286 and 391 in the base sequence shown by SEQ ID NO: 1;
FIG. 29 shows the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratio represented by base numbers 113, 119, 133 and 138 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3;
FIG. 30 shows the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratio represented by base numbers 184, 212, 263 and 324 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5;
The measurement result of the cytosine methylation ratio shown by base numbers 27, 43, 97, 102, 118, 131, 138, 152, 157, 213, 216, 220, 229 and 234 in the base sequence shown by SEQ ID NO: 6 As shown in FIG. 31;
FIG. 32 shows the measurement results of the methylation ratio of cytosine represented by base numbers 106, 116, 118, 140, 174 and 237 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7;
FIG. 33 shows the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios shown by base numbers 233, 326, 378, 383, 408, 429 and 453 in the base sequence shown by SEQ ID NO: 9;
FIG. 34 shows the measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios shown by base numbers 69, 72, 78, 129, 159, 161, 232, 235, 264, 297 and 335 in the base sequence shown by SEQ ID NO: 10;
In the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11, base numbers 37, 52, 64, 80, 102, 104, 117, 164, 170, 173, 198, 201, 216, 274, 277, 296, 307, 314, 327, 379 , 401, 403 and 411 show the measurement results of the methylation rate of cytosine shown in FIG. 35;
In the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12, it is represented by base numbers 55, 58, 77, 88, 95, 108, 160, 182, 184, 192, 252, 275, 287, 317, 359, 362, 368, 413 and 421. The measurement results of the methylation rate of cytosine are shown in FIG. 36;
Cytosine represented by base numbers 37, 44, 72, 136, 172, 174, 181, 193, 207, 227, 241, 253, 261, 285, 305, 338, 359 and 384 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13. The measurement results of the methylation ratio of are shown in FIG. 37;
FIG. 38 shows the measurement results of the methylation ratio of cytosine represented by base numbers 27, 32, 109, 112, 116 and 257 in the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 14; The measurement results of the cytosine methylation ratios indicated by numbers 29, 35, 56, 65, 67, 71, 74, 92, 108, 133, 157, 171, 235, 252 and 266 are shown in FIG.
The CG methylation rate in human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA samples (C01, C02, C03 and C04) was higher than that in human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA (N01 and N02).
As described above, it was shown that the methylation rate of human colon cancer tissue genomic DNA is higher than the methylation rate of human colon healthy tissue genomic DNA. It was shown that the methylation rate of human breast cancer tissue genomic DNA is higher than the methylation rate of human breast gland healthy tissue genomic DNA. It was shown that the methylation rate of human lung cancer tissue genomic DNA is higher than the methylation rate of human lung healthy tissue genomic DNA.
From the above, (1) by measuring the methylation rate of human colon tissue genomic DNA, whether or not colon cancer cells are present, (2) by measuring the methylation rate of human mammary tissue genomic DNA, It was confirmed that the presence or absence of lung cancer cells can be evaluated by measuring the presence or absence of breast cancer cells or (3) the methylation ratio of human lung tissue genomic DNA.

 本発明により、生物由来検体中に含まれるゲノムDNAが有する目的とするDNA領域におけるメチル化されたDNAの含量を測定し、大腸がん細胞が存在するか否か、乳がん細胞が存在するか否か、肺がん細胞が存在するか否かを評価する方法等を提供することが可能となる。
 また、本発明に記載の配列番号1から配列番号19までの塩基配列を利用することにより、簡便に癌を検出することを可能にし、極めて初期の段階での癌の検出や、癌の再発のモニタリング、癌リスク検出、癌の進行度予測などに適したキットの提供を可能にする。加えて、本願発明の方法およびキットは、内視鏡検査等の他の検査方法との併用に有用であり、より精密な検査結果を得ることを可能にする。
According to the present invention, the content of methylated DNA in a target DNA region possessed by genomic DNA contained in a biological specimen is measured, and whether colon cancer cells are present or whether breast cancer cells are present. Alternatively, it is possible to provide a method for evaluating whether or not lung cancer cells are present.
In addition, by using the nucleotide sequences of SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 19 described in the present invention, it is possible to easily detect cancer, detection of cancer at an extremely early stage, and recurrence of cancer. Providing kits suitable for monitoring, cancer risk detection, cancer progression prediction, etc. In addition, the method and kit of the present invention are useful in combination with other inspection methods such as endoscopy, and can obtain more precise inspection results.

配列番号20
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配列番号21
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SEQ ID NO: 20
Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 21
Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 22
Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 23
Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 24
Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 25
Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 26
Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 27
Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 28
Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 29
Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 30
Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 31
Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 32
Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 33
Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 34
Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 35
Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 36
Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 37
Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 38
Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 39
Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 40
Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 41
Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 42
Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 43
Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 44
Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 45
Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 46
Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 47
Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 48
Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 49
Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 50
Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 51
Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 52
Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 53
Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 54
Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 55
Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 56
Oligonucleotide primer designed for PCR SEQ ID NO: 57
Oligonucleotide primers designed for PCR

Claims (17)

哺乳動物由来の検体の癌化度を評価する方法であって、
(1)哺乳動物由来の検体に含まれる下記の塩基配列から選ばれる塩基配列を有する1以上のDNAのメチル化頻度又はそれに相関関係がある指標値を測定する第一工程、及び
(2)測定された前記メチル化頻度又はそれに相関関係がある指標値と、対照とを比較することにより得られる差異に基づき前記検体の癌化度を判定する第二工程
を有する評価方法:
(a)配列番号1で示された塩基配列又は配列番号1で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(b)配列番号1と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号1と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(c)配列番号2で示された塩基配列又は配列番号2で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(d)配列番号2と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号2と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(e)配列番号3で示された塩基配列又は配列番号3で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(f)配列番号3と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号3と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(g)配列番号4で示された塩基配列又は配列番号4で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(h)配列番号4と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号4と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(i)配列番号5で示された塩基配列又は配列番号5で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(j)配列番号5と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号5と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(k)配列番号6で示された塩基配列又は配列番号6で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(l)配列番号6と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号6と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(m)配列番号7で示された塩基配列又は配列番号7で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(n)配列番号7と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号7と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(o)配列番号8で示された塩基配列又は配列番号8で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(p)配列番号8と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号8と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(q)配列番号9で示された塩基配列又は配列番号9で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(r)配列番号9と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号9と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(s)配列番号10で示された塩基配列又は配列番号10で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(t)配列番号10と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号10と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(u)配列番号11で示された塩基配列又は配列番号11で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(v)配列番号11と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号11と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(w)配列番号12で示された塩基配列又は配列番号12で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(x)配列番号12と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号12と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(y)配列番号13で示された塩基配列又は配列番号13で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(z)配列番号13と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号13と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(aa)配列番号14で示された塩基配列又は配列番号14で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ab)配列番号14と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号14と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ac)配列番号15で示された塩基配列又は配列番号15で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ad)配列番号15と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号15と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ae)配列番号16で示された塩基配列又は配列番号16で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(af)配列番号16と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号16と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ag)配列番号17で示された塩基配列又は配列番号17で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ah)配列番号17と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号17と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ai)配列番号18で示された塩基配列又は配列番号18で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(aj)配列番号18と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号18と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ak)配列番号19で示された塩基配列又は配列番号19で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、及び
(al)配列番号19と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号19と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列。
A method for evaluating the degree of canceration of a mammal-derived specimen,
(1) a first step of measuring a methylation frequency of one or more DNAs having a base sequence selected from the following base sequences contained in a mammal-derived specimen or an index value correlated therewith, and (2) measurement An evaluation method comprising a second step of determining the degree of canceration of the specimen based on a difference obtained by comparing the methylated frequency or the index value correlated therewith with a control:
(A) a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1,
(B) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 1 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 1,
(C) a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2,
(D) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 2 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 2,
(E) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3,
(F) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 3 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 3,
(G) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4,
(H) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 4 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 4,
(I) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5,
(J) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 5 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 5,
(K) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6,
(L) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 6 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 6,
(M) a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7,
(N) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 7 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 7,
(O) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8,
(P) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 8 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 8,
(Q) the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9,
(R) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 9 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 9,
(S) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10,
(T) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 10 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 10,
(U) the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11 or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11,
(V) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 11 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 11,
(W) a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12,
(X) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 12 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 12,
(Y) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13,
(Z) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 13 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 13,
(Aa) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 14 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 14,
(Ab) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 14 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 14;
(Ac) the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 15 or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 15,
(Ad) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 15 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 15;
(Ae) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 16 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 16,
(Af) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 16 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 16;
(Ag) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 17 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 17,
(Ah) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 17 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 17,
(Ai) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 18 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 18,
(Aj) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 18 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 18,
(Ak) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19, and (al) the base sequence or SEQ ID NO: complementary to SEQ ID NO: 19 A nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to 19.
哺乳動物由来の検体が細胞である請求項1記載の評価方法。 The evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the mammal-derived specimen is a cell. 哺乳動物由来の検体が組織である請求項1記載の評価方法。 The evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the mammal-derived specimen is a tissue. 哺乳動物由来の検体が生体試料である請求項1記載の評価方法。 The evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the mammal-derived specimen is a biological sample. 哺乳動物由来の検体の癌化度を評価する方法であって、
(1)哺乳動物由来の検体に含まれる下記の塩基配列から選ばれる塩基配列を有する1以上のDNAのメチル化頻度を測定する第一工程、及び
(2)測定された前記メチル化頻度と、対照とを比較することにより得られる差異に基づき前記検体の癌化度を判定する第二工程
を有する評価方法:
(a)配列番号1で示された塩基配列又は配列番号1で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(b)配列番号1と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号1と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(c)配列番号2で示された塩基配列又は配列番号2で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(d)配列番号2と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号2と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(e)配列番号3で示された塩基配列又は配列番号3で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(f)配列番号3と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号3と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(g)配列番号4で示された塩基配列又は配列番号4で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(h)配列番号4と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号4と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(i)配列番号5で示された塩基配列又は配列番号5で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(j)配列番号5と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号5と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(k)配列番号6で示された塩基配列又は配列番号6で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(l)配列番号6と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号6と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(m)配列番号7で示された塩基配列又は配列番号7で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(n)配列番号7と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号7と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(o)配列番号8で示された塩基配列又は配列番号8で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(p)配列番号8と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号8と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(q)配列番号9で示された塩基配列又は配列番号9で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(r)配列番号9と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号9と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(s)配列番号10で示された塩基配列又は配列番号10で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(t)配列番号10と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号10と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(u)配列番号11で示された塩基配列又は配列番号11で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(v)配列番号11と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号11と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(w)配列番号12で示された塩基配列又は配列番号12で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(x)配列番号12と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号12と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(y)配列番号13で示された塩基配列又は配列番号13で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(z)配列番号13と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号13と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(aa)配列番号14で示された塩基配列又は配列番号14で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ab)配列番号14と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号14と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ac)配列番号15で示された塩基配列又は配列番号15で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ad)配列番号15と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号15と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ae)配列番号16で示された塩基配列又は配列番号16で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(af)配列番号16と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号16と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ag)配列番号17で示された塩基配列又は配列番号17で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ah)配列番号17と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号17と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ai)配列番号18で示された塩基配列又は配列番号18で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(aj)配列番号18と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号18と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ak)配列番号19で示された塩基配列又は配列番号19で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、及び
(al)配列番号19と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号19と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列。
A method for evaluating the degree of canceration of a mammal-derived specimen,
(1) a first step of measuring the methylation frequency of one or more DNAs having a base sequence selected from the following base sequences contained in a mammal-derived specimen; and (2) the measured methylation frequency; An evaluation method comprising a second step of determining the degree of canceration of the specimen based on a difference obtained by comparing with a control:
(A) a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1,
(B) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 1 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 1,
(C) a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2,
(D) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 2 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 2,
(E) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3,
(F) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 3 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 3,
(G) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4,
(H) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 4 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 4,
(I) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5,
(J) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 5 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 5,
(K) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6,
(L) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 6 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 6,
(M) a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7,
(N) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 7 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 7,
(O) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8,
(P) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 8 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 8,
(Q) the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9,
(R) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 9 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 9,
(S) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10,
(T) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 10 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 10,
(U) the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11 or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11,
(V) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 11 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 11,
(W) a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12,
(X) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 12 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 12,
(Y) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13,
(Z) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 13 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 13,
(Aa) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 14 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 14,
(Ab) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 14 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 14;
(Ac) the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 15 or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 15,
(Ad) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 15 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 15;
(Ae) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 16 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 16,
(Af) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 16 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 16;
(Ag) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 17 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 17,
(Ah) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 17 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 17,
(Ai) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 18 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 18,
(Aj) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 18 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 18,
(Ak) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19, and (al) the base sequence or SEQ ID NO: complementary to SEQ ID NO: 19 A nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to 19.
哺乳動物由来の検体が細胞であって、且つ、当該検体の癌化度が哺乳動物由来の細胞の悪性度である請求項1又は5記載の評価方法。 The evaluation method according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the mammal-derived specimen is a cell, and the canceration degree of the specimen is a malignancy of a mammal-derived cell. 哺乳動物由来の検体が組織であって、且つ、当該検体の癌化度が哺乳動物由来の組織における癌細胞の存在量である請求項1又は5記載の評価方法。 The evaluation method according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the mammal-derived specimen is a tissue, and the degree of canceration of the specimen is an abundance of cancer cells in the mammal-derived tissue. 哺乳動物由来の検体が哺乳動物から採取した生体試料であって、且つ、当該検体の癌化度が当該生体試料を採取した当該哺乳動物のいずれかの体組織における癌細胞の存在量である請求項1又は5記載の評価方法。 The mammal-derived specimen is a biological sample collected from the mammal, and the canceration degree of the specimen is the abundance of cancer cells in any body tissue of the mammal from which the biological sample is collected. Item 6. The evaluation method according to item 1 or 5. 組織が大腸組織である請求項7に記載の評価方法。 The evaluation method according to claim 7, wherein the tissue is a large intestine tissue. 組織が肺組織である請求項7に記載の評価方法。 The evaluation method according to claim 7, wherein the tissue is lung tissue. 組織が乳腺組織である請求項7に記載の評価方法。 The evaluation method according to claim 7, wherein the tissue is mammary gland tissue. 生体試料が血液、血清、血漿、体液、体分泌物、糞尿、のいずれかである請求項8記載の評価方法。 The evaluation method according to claim 8, wherein the biological sample is any one of blood, serum, plasma, body fluid, body secretion, and excreta. 前記DNAのメチル化頻度が、前記DNAの塩基配列内に存在する一つ以上の5’−CG−3’で示される塩基配列中のシトシンのメチル化頻度である請求項1~12のいずれかに記載の評価方法。 The methylation frequency of the DNA is a methylation frequency of cytosine in one or more base sequences represented by 5'-CG-3 'present in the base sequence of the DNA. Evaluation method described in 1. 哺乳動物由来の検体の癌化度を評価する方法であって、
(1)哺乳動物由来の検体に含まれる下記の塩基配列から選ばれる塩基配列を有する1以上のDNAのメチル化頻度に相関関係がある指標値を測定する第一工程、及び
(2)測定された前記メチル化頻度又はそれに相関関係がある指標値と、対照とを比較することにより得られる差異に基づき前記検体の癌化度を判定する第二工程
を有することを特徴と評価方法:
(a)配列番号1で示された塩基配列又は配列番号1で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(b)配列番号1と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号1と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(c)配列番号2で示された塩基配列又は配列番号2で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(d)配列番号2と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号2と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(e)配列番号3で示された塩基配列又は配列番号3で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(f)配列番号3と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号3と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(g)配列番号4で示された塩基配列又は配列番号4で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(h)配列番号4と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号4と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(i)配列番号5で示された塩基配列又は配列番号5で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(j)配列番号5と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号5と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(k)配列番号6で示された塩基配列又は配列番号6で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(l)配列番号6と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号6と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(m)配列番号7で示された塩基配列又は配列番号7で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(n)配列番号7と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号7と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(o)配列番号8で示された塩基配列又は配列番号8で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(p)配列番号8と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号8と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(q)配列番号9で示された塩基配列又は配列番号9で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(r)配列番号9と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号9と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(s)配列番号10で示された塩基配列又は配列番号10で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(t)配列番号10と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号10と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(u)配列番号11で示された塩基配列又は配列番号11で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(v)配列番号11と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号11と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(w)配列番号12で示された塩基配列又は配列番号12で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(x)配列番号12と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号12と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(y)配列番号13で示された塩基配列又は配列番号13で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(z)配列番号13と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号13と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(aa)配列番号14で示された塩基配列又は配列番号14で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ab)配列番号14と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号14と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ac)配列番号15で示された塩基配列又は配列番号15で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ad)配列番号15と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号15と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ae)配列番号16で示された塩基配列又は配列番号16で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(af)配列番号16と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号16と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ag)配列番号17で示された塩基配列又は配列番号17で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ah)配列番号17と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号17と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ai)配列番号18で示された塩基配列又は配列番号18で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(aj)配列番号18と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号18と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ak)配列番号19で示された塩基配列又は配列番号19で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、及び
(al)配列番号19と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号19と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列。
A method for evaluating the degree of canceration of a mammal-derived specimen,
(1) a first step of measuring an index value correlated with the methylation frequency of one or more DNAs having a base sequence selected from the following base sequences contained in a mammal-derived specimen; and (2) measured And a second step of determining the degree of canceration of the specimen based on a difference obtained by comparing the methylation frequency or an index value correlated therewith with a control:
(A) a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1,
(B) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 1 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 1,
(C) a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2,
(D) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 2 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 2,
(E) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3,
(F) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 3 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 3,
(G) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4,
(H) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 4 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 4,
(I) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5,
(J) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 5 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 5,
(K) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6,
(L) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 6 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 6,
(M) a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7,
(N) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 7 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 7,
(O) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8,
(P) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 8 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 8,
(Q) the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9,
(R) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 9 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 9,
(S) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10,
(T) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 10 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 10,
(U) the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11 or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11,
(V) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 11 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 11,
(W) a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12,
(X) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 12 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 12,
(Y) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13,
(Z) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 13 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 13,
(Aa) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 14 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 14,
(Ab) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 14 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 14;
(Ac) the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 15 or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 15,
(Ad) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 15 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 15;
(Ae) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 16 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 16,
(Af) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 16 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 16;
(Ag) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 17 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 17,
(Ah) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 17 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 17,
(Ai) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 18 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 18,
(Aj) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 18 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 18,
(Ak) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19, and (al) the base sequence or SEQ ID NO: complementary to SEQ ID NO: 19 A nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to 19.
相関関係がある指標値が、当該塩基配列から選ばれる少なくとも1つのDNAの下流に存在する遺伝子のいずれかの発現産物の量である請求項14記載の評価方法。 The evaluation method according to claim 14, wherein the correlated index value is the amount of any expression product of a gene existing downstream of at least one DNA selected from the base sequence. 遺伝子の発現産物の量が、遺伝子の転写産物の量である請求項15記載の評価方法。 The evaluation method according to claim 15, wherein the amount of the gene expression product is the amount of the gene transcription product. 癌マーカーとしての、下記の塩基配列から選ばれる塩基配列を有するメチル化DNAの使用:
(a)配列番号1で示された塩基配列又は配列番号1で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(b)配列番号1と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号1と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(c)配列番号2で示された塩基配列又は配列番号2で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(d)配列番号2と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号2と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(e)配列番号3で示された塩基配列又は配列番号3で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(f)配列番号3と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号3と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(g)配列番号4で示された塩基配列又は配列番号4で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(h)配列番号4と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号4と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(i)配列番号5で示された塩基配列又は配列番号5で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(j)配列番号5と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号5と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(k)配列番号6で示された塩基配列又は配列番号6で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(l)配列番号6と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号6と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(m)配列番号7で示された塩基配列又は配列番号7で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(n)配列番号7と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号7と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(o)配列番号8で示された塩基配列又は配列番号8で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(p)配列番号8と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号8と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(q)配列番号9で示された塩基配列又は配列番号9で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(r)配列番号9と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号9と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(s)配列番号10で示された塩基配列又は配列番号10で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(t)配列番号10と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号10と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(u)配列番号11で示された塩基配列又は配列番号11で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(v)配列番号11と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号11と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(w)配列番号12で示された塩基配列又は配列番号12で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(x)配列番号12と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号12と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(y)配列番号13で示された塩基配列又は配列番号13で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(z)配列番号13と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号13と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(aa)配列番号14で示された塩基配列又は配列番号14で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ab)配列番号14と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号14と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ac)配列番号15で示された塩基配列又は配列番号15で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ad)配列番号15と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号15と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ae)配列番号16で示された塩基配列又は配列番号16で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(af)配列番号16と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号16と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ag)配列番号17で示された塩基配列又は配列番号17で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ah)配列番号17と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号17と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ai)配列番号18で示された塩基配列又は配列番号18で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(aj)配列番号18と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号18と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、
(ak)配列番号19で示された塩基配列又は配列番号19で示された塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列、及び
(al)配列番号19と相補的な塩基配列又は配列番号19と相補的な塩基配列と80%以上の相同性を有する塩基配列。
Use of methylated DNA having a base sequence selected from the following base sequences as a cancer marker:
(A) a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1,
(B) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 1 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 1,
(C) a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2,
(D) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 2 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 2,
(E) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3,
(F) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 3 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 3,
(G) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4,
(H) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 4 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 4,
(I) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5,
(J) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 5 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 5,
(K) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 6,
(L) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 6 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 6,
(M) a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 7,
(N) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 7 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 7,
(O) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 8,
(P) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 8 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 8,
(Q) the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9 or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 9,
(R) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 9 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 9,
(S) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 10,
(T) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 10 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 10,
(U) the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11 or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 11,
(V) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 11 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 11,
(W) a base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 12,
(X) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 12 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 12,
(Y) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 13,
(Z) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 13 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 13,
(Aa) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 14 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 14,
(Ab) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 14 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 14;
(Ac) the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 15 or the nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 15,
(Ad) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 15 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 15;
(Ae) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 16 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 16,
(Af) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 16 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 16;
(Ag) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 17 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 17,
(Ah) a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 17 or a nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 17,
(Ai) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 18 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 18,
(Aj) a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 18 or a base sequence having 80% or more homology with a base sequence complementary to SEQ ID NO: 18,
(Ak) the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19 or the base sequence having 80% or more homology with the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 19, and (al) the base sequence or SEQ ID NO: complementary to SEQ ID NO: 19 A nucleotide sequence having 80% or more homology with a nucleotide sequence complementary to 19.
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JP2004135661A (en) * 2002-09-26 2004-05-13 National Cancer Center-Japan Method for evaluating the degree of canceration of a mammal-derived specimen
JP2010516234A (en) * 2007-01-19 2010-05-20 エピゲノミクス アーゲー Methods and nucleic acids for detection of cell proliferative disorders

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JP2004135661A (en) * 2002-09-26 2004-05-13 National Cancer Center-Japan Method for evaluating the degree of canceration of a mammal-derived specimen
JP2010516234A (en) * 2007-01-19 2010-05-20 エピゲノミクス アーゲー Methods and nucleic acids for detection of cell proliferative disorders

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