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WO2012134317A1 - Élément catalytique - Google Patents

Élément catalytique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012134317A1
WO2012134317A1 PCT/RU2011/000191 RU2011000191W WO2012134317A1 WO 2012134317 A1 WO2012134317 A1 WO 2012134317A1 RU 2011000191 W RU2011000191 W RU 2011000191W WO 2012134317 A1 WO2012134317 A1 WO 2012134317A1
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Prior art keywords
catalytic
catalytic element
granules
catalyst
catalysts
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Russian (ru)
Inventor
Александр Геннадьевич ТАРАРЫКИН
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
    • B01J21/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
    • B01J21/04—Alumina
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
    • B01J35/56—Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths

Definitions

  • the invention relates to catalytic elements of regular structure, which may find application in various catalytic processes.
  • the most common and simplest type of catalysts to manufacture is catalysts made in the form of various granules.
  • the sizes of the molded granules of the catalysts range from fractions of millimeters, but, as a rule, not less than 0.5 mm. up to several tens of millimeters, as a rule no more than 100mm in the largest size - for example, length.
  • Granular catalysts can be prepared both by extrusion and other methods, for example by compression or pelletizing. All molding methods are highly productive and allow you to get a wide range of formulations and forms of catalysts.
  • the shape of granular catalysts is determined by the production method, for example, extrudates by compression — through dies, tablets or more complex forms obtained by compression, spherical bodies obtained by rolling. Granules of more complex shapes can have different cross-sectional geometry - trefoils, finned or otherwise, as well as one or more through channels.
  • FIG. 2 Examples of some of the most common granular catalysts are shown in FIG. 2.
  • cell blocks Another type of catalyst, namely cell blocks.
  • the use of cell blocks provides low flow resistance.
  • Cellular units are technologically advanced in operation, practically have no abrasion and entrainment associated with friction and vibration.
  • the cellular blocks are inherent and significant disadvantages associated with both the manufacture and operation of the blocks.
  • molding performance is low
  • molding of honeycomb structures is possible for a limited number of ceramic compositions
  • most formulations either do not give high-quality channels, or crack during drying and heat treatment.
  • Honeycomb blocks are very sensitive to thermal shock - temperature drops during operation, they have low thermal stability, i.e. cracking at high and variable temperatures, poor heat transfer of ceramics and the possibility of heat dissipation of the reaction in the stream inside the channel.
  • honeycomb structure of the catalyst always has two distinct geometric components: the channel and the channel wall.
  • Car neutralizer device consisting of a ceramic block of a metal housing and heat-resistant seals, is shown in FIG. 13.
  • the patent (RU 2209117, B01J35 / 04, 07.27.2003) describes a catalytic element of a regular honeycomb structure, which is made in the form of a layer of separate prisms connected by side faces and having honeycomb channels, separate prisms having a gap between them in the honeycomb structure layer side faces 0.1-1.0 diameter of the honeycomb channel.
  • a catalytic element of a regular honeycomb structure which is made in the form of a layer of separate prisms connected by side faces and having honeycomb channels, separate prisms having a gap between them in the honeycomb structure layer side faces 0.1-1.0 diameter of the honeycomb channel.
  • triangular and trapezoidal blocks truncated to the diameter of the contact apparatus are used. These catalysts are used when carrying out high-temperature processes in the gas phase, for example, the oxidation of ammonia.
  • Cellular catalysts for the production of sulfuric acid a process for the oxidation of sulfur dioxide, are proposed.
  • Block cellular catalysts are most widely used in the processes of gas purification from harmful impurities.
  • cellular block catalysts exhibit their positive qualities, while retaining the disadvantages, primarily low thermal stability - cracking, peeling of the active catalytic layer from the block monolith, clogging of channels.
  • a known catalytic element which is a cassette (assembly), in which individual catalytic elements obtained by standard granulation methods are combined by a common block structure (RU 2362624, B01J35 / 04, 07.27.09).
  • the catalytic elements are rods or pellets of a catalyst of circular or other cross-section and are assembled using a spacer device in a single unit.
  • the spacer device can be made in the form of a grid in which the catalyst block is assembled, in the form of pins on which the catalytic elements are fixed, or in the form of plates in which the catalytic elements can be mechanically fixed.
  • the catalytic element can be formed from parallel or angled layers of catalyst rods, the same is possible when loading the blocks into the reactor.
  • the catalytic elements in the reactor will be oriented in the direction of “flow along”, “flow perpendicularly”, “flow at an angle” to the rods, while the degree of turbulization of the flow will vary significantly.
  • the element can be formed from heterogeneous catalyst rods, that is, from various catalysts having the same shape.
  • the element may be formed from catalyst rods of different diameters.
  • the geometry of the rod itself can be not only round, but also different in cross section, which makes it possible to increase the geometric surface.
  • the disadvantage of this combined catalyst is: the need to develop and manufacture complex fastening and placement elements of the granules themselves, and the design of spacing granules from each other.
  • HPLM highly porous permeable cellular materials
  • the catalysts made of HPMP have no rubbing parts, and, consequently, wear and dust during operation, which is characteristic, for example, of discrete granules.
  • the total HPMN porosity can reach 95% of their volume. As a result, they have a very low flow resistance, which allows them to be used even in the natural convection mode of reagents, which is difficult to achieve for catalysts made from granules and blocks.
  • the mesh structure of the solid skeleton and freely accessible open pores make this material equally permeable to flow in any direction, which is not the case, for example, in block catalysts, where there is a clear separation of surfaces into an impermeable side and open front surface, channels and walls.
  • the flow of reagents in HPLC is not closed in a single channel, as in blocks. Phenomenon clogging of the channels with soot or reaction products for catalysts from HPMP - practically does not exist.
  • Constant change of flow direction in macropores eliminates stagnant zones, turbulizes the flow of reagents and ensures their constant mixing. More thermally conductive than ceramic foam metal, of which VPNM and turbulent flow are made, provide mixing and high mass and heat transfer characteristics.
  • catalysts based on HPLM have low thermal inertia, quickly warm up with the reaction heat, and enter the operating mode.
  • Foam metal the only available material for carriers and catalysts, in which it is very simple to carry out direct electric heating of the catalyst, for example, to start the catalytic reaction or to maintain it.
  • a very important positive quality for the design of catalysts from HPMP is their mechanical properties. These materials better than others withstand shock or prolonged deforming loads. Even when deformed, foam-based catalysts retain their performance.
  • Catalysts made of metal HPMP are much smaller than block catalysts susceptible to sudden changes in temperature - thermal shock.
  • the absence of thermal inertia and high thermal conductivity turn into a disadvantage of this type of catalysts during unsteady supply of reagents. If the concentration of reagents entering the catalyst decreases or even drops to zero for a short time, then it cools down as quickly as it heats up. When the supply of reagents is restored, the cooled catalyst may not “ignite” and a breakdown of unreacted substances occurs, which is unacceptable with explosive or toxic substances. In this case, a granular catalyst having a large mass and thermal inertia is preferable.
  • Catalysts made of ceramic cellular materials unlike their metal counterparts, as a rule, do not have sufficient mechanical strength. They are fragile, do not hold loads and impacts and, despite the presence of a number of patents, have not found application in industrial processes.
  • adhesion of the intermediate active layer which is applied to the metal HPMP, is weaker due to the large difference in thermal expansion of the metal-ceramic than in block cellular ones, and complex technological processes are used for high-quality metal-substrate adhesion.
  • This invention solves the problem of creating such a catalytic element, which combines the advantages of block-structure catalysts and granular, but is devoid of their disadvantages.
  • the invention is illustrated in figure 1, which presents the principle of formation of the proposed new catalytic element.
  • VPNM In the matrix, from highly porous cellular material - VPNM, by known methods they form spaces - cavities, channels, nests.
  • any necessary catalysts of a discrete granular form are taken.
  • Discrete granules are placed in cavities formed in HPM.
  • the granules inside the HPMP matrix are fixed by any known technological methods, for example, plastic deformation of the matrix itself, locking devices or even freely filled into the cavities, channels or nests intended for this.
  • pos. 1 discrete granules are indicated; pos. 2 - highly porous cellular material with nests (holes) for granules formed in it; pos. 3, the result of the proposed technical solution is indicated — a new catalytic element.
  • FIG. 2 Some of the possible types of discrete granular catalyst (s) are shown in FIG. 2, and the structure and general view of the HPLM in Fig.Z.
  • FIG. four Examples (photographs) of the finished catalyst elements of this invention are shown in FIG. four.
  • a matrix from HPLC can be useful, for example, when it plays the role of a heat radiator - quickly removing heat of reaction, or, conversely, quickly warming up the inertial mass of ceramic granules.
  • Such an application can be critical for reactions and processes with explosive reagents when it is necessary to prevent rapid local overheating of a catalyst or reactor that can cause ignition or explosion.
  • An example of such a process is the catalytic recombination (“cold” burning) of hydrogen in hydrogen safety systems.
  • FIG. 5 shows two variants of a catalytic device.
  • the first - item 4 consists only of a granular catalyst - rods of regular shape containing platinum on an oxide ceramic support.
  • the second - item 5 is a catalytic element according to this invention, in which the same granules (rods) are fixed in a foam-copper matrix.
  • FIG. Figure 5 shows a graph of local temperatures along the length of the rods of a ceramic catalyst, that is, along the flow of reagents.
  • curve -7 corresponds to the temperature distribution along the length of the catalytic rod without a foam metal radiator, and curve 8, for the version with a copper HPLC matrix according to this invention.
  • the catalyst can only be a matrix of HPLC, and the granules inside it can play the role of a thermal brake or thermal inert. This property will be important for processes with the danger of rapid heating, or, conversely, with rapid cooling. For example, due to the low inertia of the foam metal, the catalytic process can quickly and uncontrollably enter dangerous high-temperature parameters, or, conversely, due to the rapid cooling of the HPLC, the catalytic reaction can stop - “collapse”.
  • a technical solution based on the present invention will be useful, for example, for the operation of catalytic reactors in the purification of harmful emissions from non-stationary sources of pollution. So, when cleaning emissions from printing machines, the concentration of pollution in the air changes dozens of times during the working day, sometimes falling to zero.
  • the granular catalyst in the HPLC matrix is able to smooth out these vibrations with its mass and thermal inertia. And, on the contrary, with a sharp increase in concentrations, the foam matrix quickly distributes the temperature of the apparatus, increased by several hundred degrees, and prevents dangerous overheating of the catalyst and apparatus nodes.
  • the combination of two components in one catalytic element allows us to solve the problem of the operation of the catalysts at low temperatures and high humidity flow.
  • HPLM is practically devoid of water absorption and dries quickly from the heat of reaction.
  • Low heat capacity and good thermal conductivity of the metal allow it to warm up almost instantly and serve for the granules placed in it - the “starter” of the catalytic process.
  • the catalytic properties of the constituents of the proposed catalytic element themselves — the HPLC matrix and the granules — in the composition of even one element can be different.
  • the catalytic element according to this invention opens up the possibility of constructing a “smart” catalyst, in which the properties change along the flow (process), adapting to the actual conditions of the chemical reaction. It is possible to achieve this by collecting in the catalytic element the HPLC matrix and the granules enclosed in them with properties optimized for the actual flow.
  • discrete catalyst granules of different characteristics can be used inside the HPMP matrix.
  • the concentration of reagents in the stream is maximum, and a less active, for example, catalyst containing less precious metal, can be used. Downstream, the concentration of reagents decreases due to a chemical reaction, and a catalyst with a high content of active components is required.
  • a catalyst with a high content of active components is required as a part of one catalytic element, its components can be applied - for example, granules or with catalytic properties changing along the flow.
  • FIG. Figure 6 shows a fragment of a catalytic element in which the concentration of palladium in the granules (rods) of the catalyst from the frontal layer to the exit of the stream from the catalytic element changes, increasing by 10 times.
  • the numbers in FIG. Figure 6 shows the percentage of active precious metal - palladium in a discrete catalyst, increasing along the flow, and providing the most complete reaction (conversion) even with a decrease in the concentration of reagents during the reaction. That is, in the composition of one catalytic element, different granular catalysts are used inside the same catalyst matrix from HPLM.
  • concentration of palladium is optimal for the reaction conditions at each discrete level.
  • a variant of such an “intelligent” catalytic element can significantly reduce the mass used precious metal, which is unattainable, using only granules or only HPLC catalysts - separately.
  • the use of expensive platinum metals in comparison with nickel, copper and chromium analogues, can reduce the temperature of the onset of the reaction (ignition) by several hundred degrees. This gives serious technical advantages to platinum catalysts, but their cost is very high.
  • the catalytic element according to this invention it is possible to construct it from HPMP-metal coated with platinoids and granules placed therein from a cheap catalyst (for example: nickel-chromium-copper). In this case, the platinized matrix will ignite at a low temperature, and the cheaper (without platinum metals) granular ceramic catalysts “come into operation” after heating the reaction on the matrix with heat.
  • the catalytic element may contain highly porous cellular material of more than one type, for example, can be made of different HPLC, differing in geometric, catalytic, chemical, structural, thermal, acoustic or other characteristics.
  • FIG. Figure 7 shows the HPLM photographs, which significantly differ in pore size and, accordingly, in hydrodynamic flow resistance.
  • FIG. 8 shows an embodiment of a finished catalyst element with different pore sizes of foam matrices.
  • Central part - has pores with a diameter of 1-1.5 mm and has 4 times greater gas-dynamic resistance than the peripheral one, with pores of 3-4 mm.
  • the use of such a catalytic element allows you to align the velocity plot along the cross section of the apparatus, and create a uniform load on the entire catalyst.
  • using catalytic elements with different resistances over the cross section of the apparatus it is possible to equalize the flow of reagents at speeds not only along the axis of the reactor, but also if the flow is “pressed” to one of the walls, due to the design of the reactor, for example, non-optimal input reagents into the apparatus.
  • Such a technical solution is especially effective at high speeds and gas flows.
  • an “intelligent” catalytic element may be a design in which the HPLC matrix with granules at the inlet of the stream has pores of a minimum size, and further along the stream, the pore size of the foam metal increases. This allows you to flexibly respond, for example, to a rapid increase in flow temperature, leading to an increase in volume and, therefore, speed. Such conditions exist in adiabatic, that is, processes that occur at constant pressure.
  • the large-porous matrix has a significantly lower resistance, and will be optimal for increased flow rates through the catalyst.
  • the technological capabilities of the proposed catalytic element allow you to create from it spatial structures of complex and diverse shapes.
  • the matrix of highly porous cellular material - VPNM can have a non-linear or arbitrary shape, which is easy to give it, for example - galvanic molding, plastic deformation, stamping, welding, cutting and other known receptions.
  • Some geometric shapes of the HPLC carrier matrices are illustrated in FIG. 9. It can be seen that the foam metal is not just a catalyst, but a self-supporting matrix of any shape necessary for the placement of catalyst granules.
  • catalytic apparatuses with granular charge catalysts predominantly have a vertical position, and the catalyst is filled up on special shelves, nets, or in baskets.
  • the horizontal version of the reactor with a granular catalyst is a complex and not sufficiently reliable design, especially if there is vibration, shock, or other shock, for example, in vehicles.
  • catalytic element - "HPM plus granules" makes it possible to create catalytic reactors of any geometric shape, including complex, curved, variable cross-section and with a variable composition of the catalysts during the catalytic assembly.
  • the catalytic elements themselves can be oriented in the desired direction (or in different directions) and enclosed in any geometric volume, in accordance with the design requirements for the catalytic reactor.
  • FIG. Figure 10 shows an example of the shaping of a catalytic reactor in an annular gap remaining free around a conventional unit.
  • the numbers in the figure denote: item 9 - free annular space "provided" by the design of the unit; 10 - catalytic elements of the desired shape according to this invention; located in free space; Pos 1 1 - the flow of reagents to the catalytic elements.
  • catalytic assemblies for conducting multi-stage processes, to assemble flexible modular systems.
  • the performance of the granules constituting the catalytic element, and the catalytic matrix does not depend on the shape of the element, and the catalyst granules fixed in the HPMP are not subject to friction or wear, even when operating under conditions of strong vibration or shock.
  • the state of the catalyst must be kept constant, even without supplying a stream of chemical reagents to it.
  • the catalyst should have a temperature above ambient temperature.
  • this condition should be maintained for a long time, for hours or sometimes for days.
  • the proposed version of the catalytic element has a matrix of foam metal, which can play the role of a direct heater for the granules placed in it, without even being a catalyst. To do this, just connect the electrical voltage directly to the metal HPM. At the same time, direct heating of pellets with ohmic heat the resistance of the foam metal matrix will be more efficient and more economical than an additional heater placed, for example, in air.
  • the proposed catalytic element allows you to achieve the effect of the preferred direction of flow of the most favorable for specific conditions of the process. For example, by intensifying mixing, or vice versa, reducing flow turbulization.
  • the granules inside the HPLC matrix can have a consistent spatial orientation, i.e. be specially arranged relative to each other in a regular manner, for the best interaction with the flow of reagents.
  • FIG. 11 shows an example of the organization of the flow of reagents in the catalytic element according to the schemes: “flow across” - pos. 12 and “flow along” pos. 13, relative to a granular catalyst.
  • FIG. 12 schematically shows a catalytic reactor device (for example, for purifying harmful gas emissions) in which two catalytic elements according to this invention, with catalyst granules inside the HPLM, are rotated 90 ° relative to each other.
  • pos. -14 marked: catalytic elements oriented at an angle to each other; pos. - 15 case conventional reactor.
  • Such techniques can intensify the catalytic process, providing flow turbulization and constant “frontal run-up” of the flow on the catalyst, as well as better mixing, and mass and heat transfer characteristics.
  • the proposed catalytic element does not have the concept: lateral or closed surfaces. There is no advantageous direction, for example, an extended channel, for the movement of the flow.
  • the pellets are placed in a supporting catalytic matrix, they cannot be poured to some edge and create a bypass. Even when cracked, the catalyst granules remain in their nests and continue to work.
  • An example of the formation of bypasses in a catalytic converter with a standard ceramic block catalyst and an option for solving this technical problem using the proposed element is illustrated in FIG. 13. On the left is a standard automobile catalytic converter, and on the right is a catalyst option using the proposed catalytic element.
  • pos. 16 is a longitudinal section through the body of a catalytic reactor (for example, an automobile exhaust gas neutralizer); 17 - gas bypass past the catalytic unit through a defect in the seal; 18- damaged high temperature seal; on pos.19 - standard block ceramic catalyst; 20 - catalytic elements according to this invention are rotated at an angle of 90 ° relative to each other; 21 - housing conventional catalytic reactor.
  • a catalytic reactor for example, an automobile exhaust gas neutralizer
  • the catalytic element according to this invention is thermally compensated in its construction, that is, indifferent to any variable temperatures. This property is given to it by the combination of an elastic compressible HPLC matrix and discrete granules fixed in it.
  • a group of granular catalysts is known for the conversion (oxidation) of toxic carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide) to safe dioxide.
  • the carrier (base) of this catalyst is highly porous gamma-alumina, and the catalytically active metal is palladium.
  • the carrier of this catalyst has very low mechanical properties, primarily: hardness and abrasion resistance. So, the loss of catalyst in the form of dust from abrasion, including the entrainment of a precious metal, amounted to 40-50 wt.% During the actual operation. This phenomenon was especially present on moving objects in the presence of vibrations.
  • Replacement granular catalyst block in this case is impossible, because due to poor adhesion it is not possible to form a high-quality active layer-substrate on the ceramic (or metal) surface of the block for subsequent deposition of a catalytically active metal - palladium.
  • a catalytic element according to this invention was created and tested in which granules of a “soft” catalyst - palladium on gamma-alumina, were enclosed in a matrix of highly porous foam nickel.
  • Granules were obtained by standard technology - by extrusion on a screw granulator and had a cylindrical shape with a cylinder diameter of -2.8 mm and a height of -20 mm.
  • the structure of the granules is highly porous - the total volume of at least 80%. For this reason, the granules have low mechanical properties. "Abrasion resistance" by the standard method for catalysts is not higher - 59%.
  • the applied active component was dispersed palladium — the average crystallite size was 2–5 nanometers, in an amount of May 2–4. %
  • catalysts for the “flameless burning” of hydrogen in oxygen in the air with the formation of water are used - the so-called hydrogen recombiners.
  • the task of these catalysts and devices is to prevent the creation of explosive concentrations of hydrogen (explosive gas) in the air of enclosed spaces.
  • both granular and foam metal catalysts containing platinum metals are used.
  • Granular oxide-based catalysts having good activity, have a serious drawback: at room and lower temperatures, the formed water film (reaction product) does not evaporate, remains in the pores of the carrier and blocks the gas-phase reaction of oxygen with hydrogen. Granular ceramic catalyst - stops working.
  • Catalysts from HPLM coated with active metals of the platinum group are not much affected by the condensate formed, since their porosity and layer thickness are much smaller than that of alumina pellets. That is, water absorption is practically absent.
  • the thermal inertia of the thin metal which is practically zero in comparison with ceramics, is sufficient for rapid evaporation of the resulting water film by the heat of a chemical reaction.
  • the low thermal inertia of the foam metal leads to almost instantaneous cooling of the catalyst with a sharp decrease in the concentration of hydrogen in the room - since the heat of the chemical reaction ceases to be released. If the hydrogen content in the air rises again, the cold catalyst does not “ignite”, that is, it does not start working much longer than the safe period.
  • Catalytic elements were manufactured on the basis of active ceramic granules placed in matrices from a foam-based catalyst.
  • the granular catalyst was a special ceramic structure based on alumina with a bimodal porous structure.
  • the number of micropores (10-1 nanometers) was not less than 80%, and transport macropores (more than 5000 nanometers) amounted to 20%.
  • the active component was platinum with the addition of ruthenium (in the amount of 1.3 wt.% Platinum metals).
  • the shape of the catalyst granules is cylindrical diameter 12 mm, height 12 mm. Photographs of the granules of this catalytic element are shown in FIG. 2 - photo on the right.
  • the matrix was a foam nickel catalyst coated with platinum in an amount of up to 1.3 g per liter of HPLM.
  • the holes (nests) for the catalyst of the required size were laid in advance, during the manufacture of HPLC, for the operation of galvanic formation of foam metal.
  • Rods made of high-temperature ceramics were molded on a special piston hydraulic bench by extrusion of ceramic mass through the die.
  • the size of the rods after firing - 6mm diameter; length is 60 mm.
  • the rods (granules) have a through hole with a diameter of 2 mm.
  • the foamomed matrix had an average open pore size of 1.5-2.5 mm.
  • the thickness of the foam metal is 10 mm.
  • the holes for the granular rod catalyst were carried out on a drilling machine along a conductor to a depth of 8 mm.
  • the matrix Before placing the catalyst rods, the matrix was heated to 250 ° C, after which the rods entered the drilled blind holes with a tight fit. From the cooled matrix, the rods, subsequently, could only be removed with a punch with destruction.
  • the method for placing the granular rods and the appearance of such a catalytic element are illustrated in FIG. 5. pos. 5.
  • the foam-copper HPLM was in contact only with the ends of the granular catalytic rods, on which the maximum temperature developed during the reaction, that is, served as a heat sink.
  • FIG. 5 Photographs of two catalytic elements are presented - with and without HPLM, as well as a temperature graph along the length of the catalytic rod. On the temperature graph along the reagents along the catalyst rod, it is clearly seen that on the catalytic element - "rod catalyst plus HPMP" there is no local overheating of the catalyst and reagents. For catalytic reactions in which reagents create explosive mixtures, the absence of local overheating is crucial for the safety of the process.
  • This catalytic element was tested according to the standard method for catalytic hydrogen recombiners at the existing Kalinin NPP and showed higher activity than the standard catalyst.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des éléments catalytiques à structure régulière qui peuvent trouver une utilisation dans différents processus catalytiques. Elle décrit un élément catalytique dans lequel les granules discrets obtenus par des précédés de formation connus sont disposés à l'intérieur d'une matrice en un matériau alvéolaire hautement poreux. L'élément catalytique possède les avantages des catalyseurs de type à bloc ou à granules mais ne souffre pas de défauts qui leur sont propres. Le résultat technique est l'élimination des pertes dues au frottement et à l'entraînement des catalyseurs granulés, notamment dans des processus à vitesses de flux faibles ou élevées des catalyseurs, un fonctionnement stable dans des conditions d'humidité élevée et de basses températures, la possibilité d'améliorer les caractéristiques hydrodynamiques des flux dans des appareils catalytiques, la possibilité de réguler les paramètres en termes d'échanges de masses et de chaleur, l'abandon des garnitures « céramique / métal » dans les neutralisateurs automobiles, et la mise en œuvre d'un fonctionnement plus stable dans les processus à alimentation non stationnaire de réactifs. L'élément catalytique proposé permet de créer des appareils (réacteurs) de n'importe quelle forme libre, y compris curvilignes, et de les orienter dans n'importe quelle direction. A partir de plusieurs éléments catalytiques d'un ou de plusieurs types on peut assembler des dispositifs catalytiques destinés aux processus à stades multiples et créer des systèmes modulaires adaptés aux conditions réelles de déroulement de réactions.
PCT/RU2011/000191 2011-03-25 2011-03-25 Élément catalytique Ceased WO2012134317A1 (fr)

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Citations (7)

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RU2186724C1 (ru) * 2001-09-24 2002-08-10 Открытое акционерное общество "Катализатор" Каталитический элемент для конверсии аммиака и способ каталитической конверсии аммиака
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