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WO2012127261A1 - Procédé de transport de gaz liquéfiés, en particulier de gnl (gaz naturel liquéfié), à une température inférieure à la température de saturation - Google Patents

Procédé de transport de gaz liquéfiés, en particulier de gnl (gaz naturel liquéfié), à une température inférieure à la température de saturation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012127261A1
WO2012127261A1 PCT/IB2011/000623 IB2011000623W WO2012127261A1 WO 2012127261 A1 WO2012127261 A1 WO 2012127261A1 IB 2011000623 W IB2011000623 W IB 2011000623W WO 2012127261 A1 WO2012127261 A1 WO 2012127261A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
temperature
transportation
lng
liquefied gas
tanks
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2011/000623
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Maksym SHUTENKO
Oleksandr VASSERMAN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to PCT/IB2011/000623 priority Critical patent/WO2012127261A1/fr
Publication of WO2012127261A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012127261A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/02—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with liquefied gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0169—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL subcooled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F17C2270/0173—Railways
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F17C2270/0178—Cars

Definitions

  • This invention relates to field of transport of liquefied gases by sea- and river going ships, automobiles and railway transport.
  • Invention is mainly intended for use on seagoing ships which carry large quantities of liquefied gases for long distances.
  • Second method of liquefied gases transportation is most economical since it does not require refrigeration.
  • tanks of such liquefied gas carrying ships are too heavy.
  • Tanks of such ships are designed to withstand high pressure (up to 1.75 MPa) so they have spherical or cylindrical form. Tanks of such form inefficiently utilize volume of the ship's hull. Method yields extremely poor results for gases which have temperature of critical point lower than ambient temperature.
  • Second method requires presence of expensive and complicated refrigeration equipment on board the ship (gas reliquefaction plant) and high consumption of energy for running the reliquefaction plant.
  • gas which is boiled off as a result of heat inflow from the environment, is not recondensed but released into the atmosphere or burned as a fuel in the ship's engine.
  • the method is economically justified for large ship and long distance of transportation.
  • Majority of LNG tankers utilize such method.
  • Third (combined) method of liquefied gases transportation also requires use of heavy tanks (but not as heavy as for first method) and refrigeration plant (but of lower cooling capacity than what is required for second method).
  • the liquefied gas is cooled prior to its loading into tanks of carrying vessel (e.g. a ship, an automobile, a railcar) to temperature which is lower than saturation temperature at designed pressure in tanks during the transportation.
  • carrying vessel e.g. a ship, an automobile, a railcar
  • the name of such state of the matter in thermodynamics is subcooled liquid as opposed to saturated liquid in traditional method of liquefied gases transportation.
  • Liquefied gas is not boiled off (as it would otherwise be the case for absorption of heat inflow) so it is not necessary to use reliquefaction plant on board of the carrying vessel or to dispose of boil-off gas.
  • boil-off gas is either burnt in tanker's main engine or condensed in onboard reli- quefaction plant and then returned into tanks.
  • 90 % of existing fleet utilize former solution, while majority of newbuldings - the latter.
  • Burning of boil-off gas imply using of steam turbine for vessel's propulsion which characterized by low fuel efficiency.
  • Reduction in quantity of LNG delivered to the port of destina- tion is another shortcoming. Fitting the tanker with reliquefaction plant solves these two problems but the plant is quite expensive - about 10 % of vessel's construction cost.
  • Subcooling of LNG is done by shore based liquefaction plant which uses cheaper electricity than ship based reliquefaction plant.
  • shore based plants use more efficient thermal schemes (AP-X, C3-MR, cascade), than ships based (N 2 ).
  • shore based plants consume per kJ of withdrawn heat not more than 70 % of mechanical power required to drive ships based plant. Due to economy of scale capital expenses per kW of withdrawn heat also favor shore based plant (one typical shore based liquefaction plant pro- cute quantity of LNG which can be transported by 16 constantly operating tankers).
  • Tanker carries large quantity of LNG so level of subcooling from saturation point will be small.
  • daily boil-off on 150'000 m capacity LNG tanker which carry its cargo at 0.103 MPa is 0.15 % or 94.9 ⁇ 10 3 kg.
  • Heat of vaporization is 509.9 kJ/kg, so heat inflow is 48.39 ⁇ 10 6 kJ/day.
  • Mass of LNG in vessel's tanks is 63.27 - 10 6 kg, isobaric heat capacity of liquid methane is 3.424 kJ/kg, so subcooling by 0.22 °C is sufficient to compensate daily heat inflow.
  • Basis duration of the voyage 20 days subcooling of LNG required to ab- sorb heat inflow is 4.5 °C.
  • Methane vapor in ship's tanks above LNG surface will arrive to thermodynamic equilibrium with liquid. Temperature of subcooled LNG is lower than its saturation temperature at atmospheric pressure so pressure of methane vapor above the surface of subcooled LNG will be lower than atmospheric. For this reason after completion of loading it is necessary to mix methane vapor in tanks with inert gas (e.g. nitrogen). Content of each component should be selected on the basis of equality of sum of partial pressures to atmospheric pressure. In the course of the voyage temperature of LNG in tanks will be rising and partial pressure of methane in the mixture of gases will be rising correspondingly. Ex- cessive part of the gases mixture from tanks should be released into atmosphere or burnt in the ship's propulsion plant.
  • inert gas e.g. nitrogen
  • LNG subcooling implies use of heavy fuel oil for vessel's propulsion.
  • LNG tanker without reliquefaction plant there is a possibility to replace steam turbine (with 30 % thermal efficiency) with slow speed diesel (with thermal efficiency 50 %).
  • steam turbine with 30 % thermal efficiency
  • slow speed diesel with thermal efficiency 50 %.
  • This invention can be applied on sea- and river going ships, automobiles and railcars which transport liquefied gases.
  • Primary industry where invention may find application is seagoing ships (LNG tankers) which carry large quantities (50,000-250,000 m 3 ) of LNG for long distances (1,000-10,000 nautical miles).

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

Selon le procédé de transport de gaz liquéfiés (principalement de GNL) qui est proposé, le gaz liquéfié est refroidi avant son chargement dans des citernes d'un véhicule porteur (par exemple un navire, une automobile, un wagon de chemin de fer) à une température qui est inférieure à la température de saturation à la pression de calcul en citerne pendant le transport. Pendant le transport, un afflux de chaleur provenant de l'environnement est absorbé par un accroissement libre de la température du gaz liquéfié, lequel passe de l'état de liquide sur-refroidi à l'état de liquide saturé. Le gaz liquéfié ne bout pas (comme cela se produirait autrement dans le cas de l'absorption de l'afflux de chaleur), de sorte qu'il est inutile d'utiliser une installation de reliquéfaction à bord du véhicule porteur ni d'évacuer le gaz de l'ébullition. Les navires de long cours transportent de grandes masses de gaz liquéfié, de sorte que la différence entre la température du gaz liquéfié au début du transport et la température de saturation sera relativement faible. Par exemple, pour un méthanier ayant un volume de citernes de 150 000 m3, sa valeur est de 4,5°C.
PCT/IB2011/000623 2011-03-23 2011-03-23 Procédé de transport de gaz liquéfiés, en particulier de gnl (gaz naturel liquéfié), à une température inférieure à la température de saturation Ceased WO2012127261A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/IB2011/000623 WO2012127261A1 (fr) 2011-03-23 2011-03-23 Procédé de transport de gaz liquéfiés, en particulier de gnl (gaz naturel liquéfié), à une température inférieure à la température de saturation

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/IB2011/000623 WO2012127261A1 (fr) 2011-03-23 2011-03-23 Procédé de transport de gaz liquéfiés, en particulier de gnl (gaz naturel liquéfié), à une température inférieure à la température de saturation

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012127261A1 true WO2012127261A1 (fr) 2012-09-27

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PCT/IB2011/000623 Ceased WO2012127261A1 (fr) 2011-03-23 2011-03-23 Procédé de transport de gaz liquéfiés, en particulier de gnl (gaz naturel liquéfié), à une température inférieure à la température de saturation

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2012127261A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107023748A (zh) * 2017-05-26 2017-08-08 江南造船(集团)有限责任公司 非lng预冷船舶燃气首次加注方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2180090A (en) * 1936-02-18 1939-11-14 Linde Air Prod Co Method and apparatus for dispensing gas material
US3045437A (en) * 1960-07-14 1962-07-24 Worthington Corp Vessel for subcooled liquid
US3783628A (en) * 1972-07-17 1974-01-08 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Method and apparatus for transporting liquefied natural gas
US20090217676A1 (en) * 2006-04-13 2009-09-03 Fluor Technologies Corporation LNG Vapor Handling Configurations And Methods

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2180090A (en) * 1936-02-18 1939-11-14 Linde Air Prod Co Method and apparatus for dispensing gas material
US3045437A (en) * 1960-07-14 1962-07-24 Worthington Corp Vessel for subcooled liquid
US3783628A (en) * 1972-07-17 1974-01-08 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Method and apparatus for transporting liquefied natural gas
US20090217676A1 (en) * 2006-04-13 2009-09-03 Fluor Technologies Corporation LNG Vapor Handling Configurations And Methods

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107023748A (zh) * 2017-05-26 2017-08-08 江南造船(集团)有限责任公司 非lng预冷船舶燃气首次加注方法

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