WO2012125082A2 - Ergonomic high-heeled shoe - Google Patents

Abstract

High-heels create extreme conditions for the foot. Designers only take into consideration changes in the sagittal section of the foot. This is due to the misconception that dorsiflexion of the toes leads to the extension of the weight-bearing sole of the foot. It has been established that when the weight-bearing sole is raised on a high-heel, the length of the sole remains the same. Dorsiflexion of the toes causes: 1) relative shortening of the plantar aponeurosis; 2) deepening of the longitudinal arches of the foot; 3) plantar deviation (pronation) of the heads of the metatarsal bones; 4) forward deviation of the calcaneal tuberosity; 5) supination of the hindfoot and midfoot; 6) outward deviation of the talus. The ergonomic high-heeled shoe has 1) an outer incline of the heel part of the sole, 2) a reduced forward incline of the heel part of the sole, 3) an outwardly offset centre of support of the heel on the podium. The proposed modifications make it possible to: 1) align the planes of support of the foot and shoe; 2) provide comfort when walking in high-heels; 3) reduce the age, weight and time restrictions for walking in high-heels; and 4) reduce the negative effect of high-heels on the foot.

Description

 ERGONOMIC FOOTWEAR ON HIGH HEEL.

(12) The invention relates to the modeling and sewing of women's shoes with high heels (HVAC). The aim of the invention is to reduce the supporting load on the forefoot (OSS) in the HVAC and to maximize the compliance of shoes with changes in the shape of the foot when climbing the heel. Modern HVAC models have curvature of the supporting footprint only in the sagittal section. This is due to the false notion that when climbing the heel, the OSS lengthens, why the front slope of the heel part of the sole (CPP) of the HVAC reaches 40 degrees. Excessive forward inclination of the CPC creates the effect of the heel sliding towards the toe. If the patent search has been revealed a prototype US 2010/0180467 A1 (ANGELA SINGLETON) Jul. 22,2010, in which the author proposes to reduce the load on the PIC with the help of a special insole that creates additional support for the heel against sliding forward due to the elastically elastic arch support, performing the longitudinal arch of the foot. The insole is shortened in length, it does not cover the ERC and does not change the angle of the front slope of the ERC. The bearing instep creates pressure on the plantar aponeurosis (PA) in the projection of the heel spur, and its atrophy. Analysis of the biomechanics of the foot in the HVAC revealed previously unknown patterns. It was found out and mathematically proved that a normal foot cannot increase the length of the OSS, because its extreme points (calcaneus and fingers) are fixed by longitudinal PA fibers. It has been theoretically established and clinically proven that the back flexion of the fingers causes a relative shortening of the PA, leading to: a) plantar deviation of the heads of the metatarsal bones (GIC); b) to the deflection of the calcaneal tuber forward, which leads to: c) to the deepening of the longitudinal arches of the foot, which causes: d) pronation of the PIC and supination of the AIA, which: e) rejects the talus and its center of gravity of the body outward. The listed changes in the shape of the foot are taken into account in the manufacture of ergonomic high-heeled shoes, which is achieved:

1. reduced front tilt

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) 2. the creation of the outer slope of the CPC,

 3. The external offset of the center of the heel support relative to the center of the heel.

 The female model HVAC should be equated with extreme, because the foot does not have natural mechanisms to compensate for changes in the shape of the foot when climbing the heel.

 So the female foot in the HVAC, like a prosthesis, can carry only the supporting function. Regulating functions of the foot, such as:

 one . evenly distribute body weight on the area of the support,

 2. dampen the step pulse,

 3. create a toe force repulsion,

 4. keep balance while standing on one foot

almost completely off

If, when climbing the heel, the deflection of the fingers to the rear of the foot reaches 90 degrees relative to the metatarsal bones, the relative shortening of the aponeurosis will be ¹ L of circumference, the radius of which is equal to the radius of the CCP. So the relative shortening will be:

a) 1 st finger: pi * d * 90 360 = 3, 14 * 3, * 5 90 360 = 2 7 cm.

b) for the 5th finger: pi * d * 90: 360 = 3, 14 * 1, 0 * 90: 360 = 0.78 cm., where d is the diameter of the CCP.

 In FIG. 9 shows plantar deviation of the metacarpal bones with 90 degrees of dorsiflexion. In this case, the PIC is penetrated (lowered toward the sole) at an angle ABC, determined by the difference in the diameters of the CCP and equal to about 12 degrees.

 The fact that the deepening of the longitudinal plantar arch was installed when studying pictures of the foot in profile with applied on the skin tags. On the outline from the photograph of the medial edge of the right foot (Fig. 4), it is seen that when lifting to the heel with a height of 33% (1/3) of the foot length, the depth of the arch increases by 23-24 degrees. Heel to heel rises due to bending in the metatarsophalangeal joint of the finger crease line. The pronation of the PIC, fixed on the podium, leads to the response tilt of the foot outwards (supination) and to twisting it along the longitudinal axis. In FIG. 1 -2 (outline from photos taken from above),

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) there is a deviation of the feet outwards (supination of the heels) during the transition from the support to the entire foot to the support on socks. The position was fixed under the condition of uniformity of the supporting load on the gas-compressor plant. The angle ABC is formed by the intersection of the lines of the finger folds.

 When viewed from the rear (Fig. 3), the external tilt of the feet leads to supination of the heels, the supporting planes of which, when intersecting with the horizontal, form the angles of the BAC and the ICA. The magnitude of these angles depends on the height of the heel.

 Because anklebone deviates together with the foot, the body's center of gravity (BCG) is also deflected outwards proportional to the height of the heel. In FIG. 6 shows the deviation of the CTT outwardly at the OKM angle.

To compensate for changes in the shape of the foot in proportion to the height of the heel:

 1. an external inclination of the CPC is created,

 2. decreases the front slope of the CPC,

 3. The center of the heel support on the podium is shifted outward.

 The external inclination of the CPC will allow to remove the excess load on the medial edge of the PIC caused by plantar deviation of the metatarsal bones. With a maximum ergonomic heel height of 1/3 of the foot length, the optimal outer inclination of the CPC is 12 (1 1 - 13) degrees (angle ABC of FIG. 6). Increase in heel height by 1 cm over Zcm. increases the external slope of the KPCH by 1, 33 degrees for each centimeter of height (1, 33gr. * 4 = 5.3 degrees, etc.). Heel height up to 3 cm. Inclusive of the external inclination of the CPC does not require, because foot shape changes are minimal.

 On a high-heeled PIC, there are 2 forces acting:

a) the force of gravity having a vertical vector and

b) the force of sliding of the foot forward along the inclined plane of the CPC of the shoe (horizontal vector).

 The construction of a parallelogram of the decomposition of gravity (P = 100kg>), applied to the talus in a standing position on one leg (Fig. 8 OP), indicates that 68.3% of gravity on the heel, equal to 1/3 of the length of the foot acts on the calcaneus, and 3 1, 7% on the forefoot.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) The gravity PI acting on the calcaneal tubercle, in turn, decomposes into vertical and horizontal modules. The heel takes over the vertical module, and the horizontal module on an inclined plane presses the fingers into the toe of the shoe. The value of the horizontal module is directly proportional to the front slope of the shoe frame relative to the horizontal. In FIG. 8 shows the decomposition of the vertical module of the supporting load P 1 = 68.3% of the body weight attributable to the heel of the heel with a high heel. When the CPC is tilted forward by 10 degrees, the front module (C A) acting on the PIC is 16.2% of P1, at an angle of 20 degrees (CB) - 28.5%, at an angle of 35 degrees (CD) - 42.2 % of PI.

 Given the fact deviation calcaneal tuberosity forward recess with longitudinal arch, can be appropriately reduce forward tilt ERC. Calculations show that at the height of the heel to 1/3 the length of the foot corresponds to the optimum front slope CSP 18 degrees. 1 cm. Heel height requires 2 degrees of front tilt of the CPC. A similar gradation can be applied to any heel height.

The deviation of the talus and the center of gravity outward necessitates a corresponding displacement of the center of the heel support on the podium (MN 6) for stability of the support.

The displacement of the heel relative to the center of the heel K (Fig. 5) is equal to the product of the height of the heel (h) by the tangent (tg) of the angle ABC (Fig. 6) of the outer inclination of the CPC: h * tg l2 = 8 * 0, 22 = 1, 76 cm.

 The above formula is true for all sizes of 4cm heeled shoes. and higher.

 The optimal height of the heel should be strictly tied to the size of the foot. Lifting the heel leads to the transition of the PIC from horizontal to vertical. The transition occurs along a circular arc whose radius is equal to the distance between the centers of rotation of the talus and GPK- 1 (OM 8). X-ray measurements and calculations

show that when tilting the PIC at an angle of 70 degrees to the horizontal, the height of the heel is 1/3 of the length of the foot. A further increase in the angle of inclination significantly increases the load on the forefoot, practically without changing the height of the heel.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) An increase in foot size of 1 cm increases the height of the optimal heel by 3.5 mm. The heel height is the vertical difference between the center of the heel and the support GP -1, (D and C of Figure 5).

 Changes in the shape of the foot are determined by a single factor of relative shortening of the PA when climbing to a high heel. For this reason, changes in the shape of ergonomic shoes are functionally closely interconnected and cannot be used individually. The essential features of the invention are:

 1) the outer slope of the CPC,

 2) reduced front inclination of the CPC,

 3) the outwardly displaced center of the heel support on the podium.

The external inclination of the CPC can be achieved in two ways:

a) a corresponding (wedge-shaped) recess of the outer edge of the CPC (angle ABC of FIG. 6) and or

b) a wedge-shaped thickening of the inner edge of the supporting insole of the CPC (pos. 1 of Fig. 7) with simultaneous hardening of the outer part of the backdrop from trapping (pos. 2 of Fig. 7)

 Figure 10 shows the outline of the medial edge of a real cast sole. AB - the heel part of the sole corresponds to the hindfoot and makes up 30% of the length of the supporting track. Sun-beam portion corresponds to the longitudinal arch of the sole (Pereyma) of the foot and is 40% of the length of the reference trace. CD-toe shoe toe corresponds and is 30% of the length of the support track foot (the 1st pin). Br, Cr are the radii of the arc of the transition from one part of the sole to the other, which is approximately 3 cm.

 With an increase in the radius, support pressure increases on the plantar aponeurosis in the projection of the longitudinal arch, which can lead to atrophy. Reducing the forward slope of the ERC on the medial edge of the sole on the ABC angle produced due to thickening of the soles.

 Figure 1 1 shows the principle of reducing the front inclination of the CPC along the lateral edge of the sole due to its wedge-shaped thinning. Such changes in the forward inclination of the CPC allow simultaneously creating the necessary external inclination of the CPC. The remaining positions and symbols in FIG. 1 1 correspond to FIG. 10.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) The aforementioned changes in the shape of high-heeled shoes make it possible to achieve maximum compliance with the shape of the foot and the shape of the shoe. This, in turn, makes it possible to optimally distribute the support load on the departments of the foot, reduce the risk of negative effects of high heels on the foot, prevent early deformation of the forefoot, and expand the age, weight and time ranges of wearing high-heeled shoes.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) HERGONOMIC FOOTWEAR SHOES

 Description of drawings and abbreviations.

FIG. 1. The outline of the photo in the position “heels together, socks apart”, support on the whole foot, top view. AB and BC - lines of the finger fold.

FIG. 2. The same as figure 1 in the position of support on socks, top view.

FIG. 3. The same as figure 2, rear view. BAC and BC A - the angles of the external tilt (supination) of the heels.

 FIG. 4. Abris photo of the medial edge of the right foot. The deepening of the longitudinal arch during the transition to the support on the toe. ABC - corners of the longitudinal arch.

FIG. 5. Outline of the reference footprint of the left foot. C-center heel. DC - line of longitudinal arch. DB is the line of the transverse arch. AA - section line (Fig.6, 7). FIG. 6. Section AA (Fig. 5) of the right foot with a high heel, rear view. An option to achieve the inclination of the heel part of the sole outwards due to the deepening of the sole. О - center of gravity of the body, ABC - angle of the external tilt of the sole, OK - vertical axis of the foot without a heel, ON and KM-vertical, ΜΝ-offset of the center of the heel support outwards. K-heel center.

 FIG. 7. Section AA (Fig. 5). Variant reaching outward inclination of the heel of the foot due to a thickening of the wedge insoles ERC. O-center of gravity. ABC angle of soles. 1 wedge-shaped insole. 2-hardened outer back.

 FIG. 8. Scheme of distribution of body weight to the departments of the foot on the heel. O-center of gravity. OR is the gravity of the body. OFPE-parallelogram decomposition of gravity into the fore and hindfoot. OE front module. OF-back module. CPl rear vertical module. CA, CB, CD - front sliding force modules P1 acting on the toe. CP1, API, BP1, DPI - the magnitude of the vertical modules of the force acting on the back of the foot.

 K-center heel support. OM is the radius of the arc along which the foot rises to the heel. M is the center of rotation of the head of the 1st metatarsal bone. Ν-projection of gravity on the podium.

FIG. 9. Scheme of plantar deviation of the heads of the metatarsal bones with dorsiflexion of the fingers by 90 degrees. ABC angle of pronation of the forefoot when climbing to a high heel. FIG. 10. Outline of the inner edge of the right shoe with molten soles. AV-heel (back) part of the sole (CP). Sun beam (front) part of the sole. CD is the toe of the sole. Br, Cr is the radius of the arc of the transition from one part of the sole to the other. BAE - the angle of inclination of the CPC.

 Figure 1 1. The outline of the outer edge of the right shoe. Designations are the same as in figure 10.

ABBREVIATIONS

OSS - reference footprint GPC - head of the metatarsal bone

AIA - forefoot POS - forefoot

 PA - plantar aponeurosis CTT - center of gravity of the body

 KChP - heel part of the sole OVK - high-heeled shoes

HHS - high-heel shoes - high-heeled shoes

forefoot- forefoot

 RTF - reference trace of the foot - reference footprint

hindfoot - back foot

 RA - plantar aponeurosis - plantar aponeurosis

 HMB - head of metatarsal bone - head of the metatarsal bone

 CG - center of gravity - center of gravity of the body

 HF - heel of foot - heel of the sole

Claims

(54) HERGONOMIC HIGH HEEL SHOES Formula of the invention.  1. Ergonomic heel shoes with a height of 15-33 %% of the length of the foot, the analogues of which have a bend of the support track only in the sagittal section and have an arbitrary front slope of the heel of the sole, characterized in that the shoes are made with the outer slope of the heel of the sole, with a design the front slope of the heel of the sole, and with the offset heel outward (laterally) relative to the center of the heel of the foot;  2. Shoes under item 1, characterized in that it has an external inclination of the heel of the sole, equal to 1.3 - 1.4 degrees per 1 cm. heel heights;  3. Shoes according to Claim. 1, characterized in that it has a torsion (twisting) of a hard gellet in accordance with the angle of the external inclination of the heel part of the sole; 4. Footwear according to claim. 1, characterized in that the front slope of the heel portion of the sole is 3 degrees to 1cm. heel heights. For an ergonomic heel (1/3 of the length of the foot), the front slope of the heel of the sole should not exceed 27 degrees to the horizontal.  5 Shoes according to claim 1, characterized in that the sole is bent from the heel part to the bundle part and from the bundle part to the toe part in an arc of radius Zcm; 6. Shoes according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a lateral displacement of the center of the heel relative to the center of the heel by an amount equal to the product of the height of the heel and the tangent of the angle of the external inclination of the heel of the sole; SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)