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WO2012122636A1 - Procédé et appareil de fractionnement hydraulique - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil de fractionnement hydraulique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012122636A1
WO2012122636A1 PCT/CA2012/000240 CA2012000240W WO2012122636A1 WO 2012122636 A1 WO2012122636 A1 WO 2012122636A1 CA 2012000240 W CA2012000240 W CA 2012000240W WO 2012122636 A1 WO2012122636 A1 WO 2012122636A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
well
manifold
proppant
hydraulic fracturing
fluid
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/CA2012/000240
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English (en)
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WO2012122636A4 (fr
Inventor
Charles Abernethy Anderson
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Individual
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Individual
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Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO2012122636A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012122636A1/fr
Publication of WO2012122636A4 publication Critical patent/WO2012122636A4/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
    • E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
    • E21B43/2607—Surface equipment specially adapted for fracturing operations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
    • E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
    • E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to hydraulic fracturing and more specifically, to a method and apparatus, or systems, of hydraulic fracturing having an increased efficiency.
  • hydraulic fracturing commonly referred to as "fracing” or “fracking"
  • fracing or “fracking”
  • Fracing is a process that results in the creation of fractures in rocks.
  • Hydraulic fractures may be created or extended by internal fluid pressure which opens the fracture and causes it to extend through the rock.
  • Fluid- driven fractures are formed at depth in a borehole and can extend into targeted formations.
  • the fracture width is typically maintained after the injection by introducing a proppant into the injected fluid.
  • Proppant is a material, such as grains of sand, ceramic, or other particulates suspended in the fracturing fluid , that prevent the fractures from closing when the injection is stopped thus producing a conductive pathway that fluids can easily flow along.
  • the fracturing fluid has two major functions, to open and extend the fracture; and to transport the proppant along the fracture length.
  • Hydraulic fracturing enables the production of natural gas and oil from rock formations deep below the earth's surface (generally 5,000-20,000 feet). At such depth, there may not be sufficient porosity and permeability to allow natural gas and oil to flow from the rock into the wellbore at economic rates. For example, creating conductive fractures in the rock is essential to produce gas from shale reservoirs because of the extremely low natural permeability of shale. The fracture provides a conductive path connecting a larger area of the reservoir to the well, thereby increasing the area from which natural gas and liquids can be recovered from the targeted formation.
  • Hydraulic fracturing for stimulation of oil and natural gas wells has been used for decades and is now used worldwide in tens of thousands of oil and natural gas wells annually.
  • Drilling a borehole or well involves applying downward pressure to a rotating drill bit. This drilling action produces rock chips and fine rock particles that may enter cracks and pore space at the wellbore wall, resulting in damage to the permeability at and near the wellbore. The damage reduces flow into the borehole from the surrounding rock formation, and partially seals off the borehole from the surrounding rock. Hydraulic fracturing can be used to mitigate this damage.
  • hydraulic fracturing While the main industrial use of hydraulic fracturing is in stimulating production from oil and gas wells, hydraulic fracturing is also applied to: stimulating groundwater wells, preconditioning rock for caving or inducing rock to cave in mining, as a means of enhancing waste remediation processes (usually hydrocarbon waste or spills) spills, dispose of waste by injection into suitable deep rock formations, and as a method to measure the stress in the earth.
  • waste remediation processes usually hydrocarbon waste or spills
  • the fracing process of pumping water, chemicals, and a proppant down an oil or gas well at high volumes and high pressure into a formation is presently achieved by having large numbers of pumping units at a well site all linked together to provide enough volume and pressure.
  • the pumping units can include, for example, positive displacement pumps. It is common for normal fracing to require injection of 3500 gallons per minute (GPM). Sometimes 15000 pounds per square inch (psi) at 4000 GPM is required to achieve a successful frac. It is common for fracing jobs to require twenty to forty frac units manifolded together. The many connections required for this type of system can create unsafe conditions. In addition, the large footprint of this system and the machinery required to bring in and remove the large number of pumps can have a large impact on the environment surrounding the well site.
  • a method and apparatus, or systems, of hydraulic fracturing having an increased efficiency is provided.
  • a hydraulic fracturing system for use to fracture a formation at a well is provided.
  • the system can comprise a main centrifugal pump to supply fracture fluid and pressure to the well.
  • the system can comprise at least one separate frac unit to separately supply a proppant to a manifold downstream of the main pump, the resulting mixture proceeding down the well whereby a formation in the well is fractured.
  • a hydraulic fracturing system for hydraulic fracturing a formation in a well, the system comprising: a main pump with a fluid intake portion and fluid output portion, the fluid output portion fluidly connected by a manifold to the well, for supplying fracture fluid and applying pressure to the well; and at least one frac unit with a proppant intake portion and proppant output portion, the proppant output portion fluidly connected by the manifold to the well, for supplying a proppant and applying pressure to the well; wherein the fracture fluid and proppant are supplied to the manifold independently and subsequently enter the well as a mixture to contact the formation.
  • the hydraulic fracturing system can comprise a centrifugal pump.
  • the hydraulic fracturing system can comprise a split barrel centrifugal pump designed to produce high pressure.
  • the hydraulic fracturing system can comprise a manifold further comprising a bypass system to allow the main pump to operate at a constant high pressure and full speed when the volume of the fracture fluid is decreased.
  • the hydraulic fracturing system can comprise a bypass system further comprising a bypass valve and a flow-line off of the manifold to a reservoir or holding tank.
  • the hydraulic fracturing system can further comprise a driver in communication with the main pump, for driving the system.
  • the hydraulic fracturing system can comprise a driver selected from the group consisting of a gas turbine, electric motor, and diesel engine.
  • a method of hydraulic fracturing a formation in a well comprising the steps of: providing a hydraulic fracturing system comprising a main pump with a fluid intake portion and fluid output portion, the fluid output portion fluidly connected by a manifold to the well, for supplying fracture fluid and applying pressure to the well; and at least one frac unit with a proppant intake portion and proppant output portion, the proppant output portion fluidly connected by the manifold to the well, for supplying a proppant and applying pressure to the well; supplying fracture fluid to the manifold by the main pump; independently supplying proppant to the manifold by the frac unit; allowing the fracture fluid and proppant to form a mixture within the manifold; supplying the mixture to the well; applying pressure to the well; and fracturing the formation in the well.
  • the method can comprise a main pump comprising a centrifugal pump.
  • the method can comprise wherein excess fracturing fluid bypasses the system to allow the main pump to operate at a constant high pressure and full speed when the volume of the fracture fluid is decreased, wherein the bypass system comprises a bypass valve and a flow- line off of the manifold to a reservoir or holding tank.
  • the method can comprise driving the system with a driver, wherein the driver is selected from the group consisting of a gas turbine, electric motor, and diesel engine.
  • the method can comprise applying pressure to the well by the main pump, the frac unit, or a combination of both.
  • the method can further comprise the step of adding chemical additives into the manifold by the main pump, the frac unit, or a combination of both.
  • the use of a centrifugal pump for hydraulic fracturing a formation in a well is provided.
  • the use of the centrifugal pump can comprise the use of a split barrel centrifugal pump designed to produce high pressure.
  • Figure 1 is an elevation view of an oil rig platform and an embodiment of a fracing system according to the present disclosure.
  • a hydraulic fracture in a well can be formed by pumping a fracturing fluid into a wellbore at a rate sufficient to increase the pressure downhole to a value in excess of the fracture gradient of the formation rock.
  • a fracture gradient could mean the pressure required to facture a formation at a particular depth divided by the depth.
  • the downhole pressure can cause the formation to crack, and can allow the fracturing fluid to enter and extend the crack farther into the formation.
  • this fracture can be kept open after the fluid injection stops by a solid proppant, commonly a sieved round sand, in a fracture slurry.
  • a solid proppant commonly a sieved round sand
  • Various types of proppant can be used, including sand, resin-coated sand, and man-made ceramics depending on the type of permeability or grain strength needed.
  • the composition of the proppant provided can be substituted or varied appropriately without altering the function of the proppant.
  • the propped hydraulic fracture can then become a permeable conduit through which the formation fluids can flow to the well.
  • the fracture fluid can comprise any number of one or more fluids, ranging from water to gels, foams, nitrogen, carbon dioxide or air in some cases.
  • the fracture fluid provided can be substituted or varied appropriately without altering the function of the fracture fluid .
  • the injected fluid mixture can comprise a range of ratios of fracture fluid to proppant. In some embodiments, the injected fluid mixture can be approximately 99% water and sand.
  • chemicals can be added to the injected fluid mixture.
  • the chemical constituents in additives/chemicals used in fracturing can comprise one or more of: 1 ,2 Benzisothiazolin-2-one / 1 ,2- benzisothiazolin-3-one, 1 ,2,4 trimethylbenzene, 1 ,4 Dioxane, 1-eicosene, 1- hexadecene, 1-octadecene, 1-tetradecene, 2,2 Dibromo-3- nitrilopropionamide, 2,2'-azobis- ⁇ 2-(imidazlin-2-yl)propane ⁇ -dihydrochloride, 2,2-Dobromomalonamide, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid sodium salt polymer, 2-acryloyloxyethyl(benzyl)dimethylammonium chloride, 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1 ,3-propaned
  • the hydraulic fracturing system can comprise hydraulic fracturing equipment such as a slurry blender, one or more high pressure, high volume fracturing pumps and a monitoring unit.
  • the fracturing pumps can comprise triplex or quintiplex pumps.
  • the hydraulic fracturing system can further comprise fracturing tanks, high pressure treating iron, a chemical additive unit (used to accurately monitor chemical addition), low pressure pipes and gauges for flow rate, fluid density, and treating pressure. Fracturing equipment can operate over a range of pressures and injection rates.
  • a single, large, powerful pump can be connected to a water supply.
  • the main pump can be a centrifugal pump.
  • the main pump can be a split barrel centrifugal pump designed to produce high pressure, such as a HPcp SulzerTM pump.
  • a HPcp SulzerTM pump, or similar type of pump can be used for water injection into the well up to 16,000 GPM.
  • the main pump can inject water at up to 5,000 GPM at up to 10,000 PSI.
  • the main pump can operate independently and without the requirement of twenty to forty frac units manifolded together.
  • a fracing process can require a reduction in volume of fluid flow.
  • the main pump can use a bypass system to allow the main pump to operate at a constant high pressure and full speed.
  • the main pump can provide a constant pressure while excess fluid can bypass the system through a bypass valve and a flow-line off of the manifold. The flow-line can lead the excess fluid to a reservoir or holding tank to be recycled.
  • the system can further comprise a driver to drive the system.
  • the driver could be any appropriate power source, such as a gas turbine, electric motor, or diesel engine.
  • the system can be mobile or portable so that it can be moved from one well site to another.
  • the system can be mounted in components on trucks or skids.
  • the main pump can be disposed on the rig floor and connected to the well head using a standard nipple type connector. As one skilled in the art would appreciate, the type of connector used can be substituted or varied with appropriate equivalents without altering the function of the connection.
  • the main pump can be configured, horizontally or vertically, on a skid independent from the rig.
  • the rotary power from the rig can be connected to the pump to drive the main pump though a gear box and drive shaft.
  • the main pump can be driven by electric motors, diesel engines, natural gas power supply turbine, or any other appropriate power source as would be known by one skilled in the art.
  • the power source can be fuelled by rig site natural gas.
  • separate feeder pipes and frac units can be connected onto the nipple to feed chemical additives and sand directly into the water being injected into the well.
  • chemical additives and sand can be added downstream of the main pump so that the main pump is not exposed to the sand and chemicals.
  • the chemical additives and sand can comprise a slurry.
  • a frac unit can be a pumping truck.
  • the system can be driven by a driver and the a main pump can be used to supply clean fracing fluid, for example water, to the well. Downstream of, or below, the main pump, the proppant slurry can be supplied into a common manifold pipe to mix with the clean fluid.
  • the fracing fluid and proppant can be pumped independent of one another into the manifold where they then proceed as a mixture into the well head under pressure to fracture the formation in the well.
  • the pressure supplied by the system is a combination of pressure from the main pump and pressure from the separate frac unit(s) and is applied to the common manifold pipe. Any chemical additives required, as the case may be, can be pumped into the manifold by either the separate frac unit(s) or the main pump.
  • the system and method of the present disclosure can be used in conjunction with "plug and perf" fracturing.
  • "plug and perf" fracturing to be a method of progressively fracturing along the length of the borehole controlled by inserting composite plugs, also known as bridge plugs, below and above the region to be fractured. Piping through the upper plug can admit fracturing fluid and proppant into the working region.
  • the system and method of the present disclosure can be used in conjunction with a multi-stage fracturing systems capable of stimulating several stages of a well in a single day.
  • a hydraulic fracturing system for hydraulic fracturing a formation in a well, the system comprising: a main pump with a fluid intake portion and fluid output portion, the fluid output portion fluidly connected by a manifold to the well, for supplying fracture fluid and applying pressure to the well; and at least one frac unit with a proppant intake portion and proppant output portion, the proppant output portion fluidly connected by the manifold to the well, for supplying a proppant and applying pressure to the well; wherein the fracture fluid and proppant are supplied to the manifold independently and subsequently enter the well as a mixture to contact the formation.
  • the hydraulic fracturing system can comprise a centrifugal pump.
  • the hydraulic fracturing system can comprise a split barrel centrifugal pump designed to produce high pressure.
  • the hydraulic fracturing system can comprise a manifold further comprising a bypass system to allow the main pump to operate at a constant high pressure and full speed when the volume of the fracture fluid is decreased.
  • the hydraulic fracturing system can comprise a bypass system further comprising a bypass valve and a flow-line off of the manifold to a reservoir or holding tank.
  • the hydraulic fracturing system can further comprise a driver in communication with the main pump, for driving the system.
  • the hydraulic fracturing system can comprise a driver selected from the group consisting of a gas turbine, electric motor, and diesel engine.
  • a method of hydraulic fracturing a formation in a well comprising the steps of: providing a hydraulic fracturing system comprising a main pump with a fluid intake portion and fluid output portion, the fluid output portion fluidly connected by a manifold to the well, for supplying fracture fluid and applying pressure to the well; and at least one frac unit with a proppant intake portion and proppant output portion, the proppant output portion fluidly connected by the manifold to the well, for supplying a proppant and applying pressure to the well; supplying fracture fluid to the manifold by the main pump; independently supplying proppant to the manifold by the frac unit; allowing the fracture fluid and proppant to form a mixture within the manifold; supplying the mixture to the well; applying pressure to the well; and fracturing the formation in
  • the method can comprise wherein excess fracturing fluid bypasses the system to allow the main pump to operate at a constant high pressure and full speed when the volume of the fracture fluid is decreased, wherein the bypass system comprises a bypass valve and a flow- line off of the manifold to a reservoir or holding tank.
  • the method can comprise driving the system with a driver, wherein the driver is selected from the group consisting of a gas turbine, electric motor, and diesel engine.
  • the method can comprise applying pressure to the well by the main pump, the frac unit, or a combination of both.
  • the method can further comprise the step of adding chemical additives into the manifold by the main pump, the frac unit, or a combination of both.
  • the use of a centrifugal pump for hydraulic fracturing a formation in a well is provided.
  • the use of the centrifugal pump can comprise the use of a split barrel centrifugal pump designed to produce high pressure.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un appareil, ou des systèmes, de fractionnement hydraulique ayant un rendement amélioré. Elle concerne un système de fractionnement hydraulique destiné à être utilisé pour le fractionnement d'une formation au niveau d'un puits. Ce système peut comprendre une pompe centrifuge principale alimentant le puits en fluide de fractionnement et en pression. En outre, le système peut comprendre au moins une unité de fractionnement séparée pour alimenter un collecteur en aval de la pompe principale en agent de soutènement, le mélange résultant descendant dans le puits pour fractionner une formation dans le puits.
PCT/CA2012/000240 2011-03-16 2012-03-16 Procédé et appareil de fractionnement hydraulique Ceased WO2012122636A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US201161453530P 2011-03-16 2011-03-16
US61/453,530 2011-03-16

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WO2012122636A4 WO2012122636A4 (fr) 2012-11-08

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9395049B2 (en) 2013-07-23 2016-07-19 Baker Hughes Incorporated Apparatus and methods for delivering a high volume of fluid into an underground well bore from a mobile pumping unit
US10017993B2 (en) 2014-06-18 2018-07-10 General Electric Company Exploration drilling system and method for supplying power thereto
US10221856B2 (en) 2015-08-18 2019-03-05 Bj Services, Llc Pump system and method of starting pump
US10914155B2 (en) 2018-10-09 2021-02-09 U.S. Well Services, LLC Electric powered hydraulic fracturing pump system with single electric powered multi-plunger pump fracturing trailers, filtration units, and slide out platform
US10927802B2 (en) 2012-11-16 2021-02-23 U.S. Well Services, LLC System for fueling electric powered hydraulic fracturing equipment with multiple fuel sources
US10934824B2 (en) 2012-11-16 2021-03-02 U.S. Well Services, LLC System for reducing vibrations in a pressure pumping fleet
US11542786B2 (en) 2019-08-01 2023-01-03 U.S. Well Services, LLC High capacity power storage system for electric hydraulic fracturing
US11728709B2 (en) 2019-05-13 2023-08-15 U.S. Well Services, LLC Encoderless vector control for VFD in hydraulic fracturing applications
US12078110B2 (en) 2015-11-20 2024-09-03 Us Well Services, Llc System for gas compression on electric hydraulic fracturing fleets

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5899272A (en) * 1997-05-21 1999-05-04 Foremost Industries Inc. Fracture treatment system for wells
US20060065400A1 (en) * 2004-09-30 2006-03-30 Smith David R Method and apparatus for stimulating a subterranean formation using liquefied natural gas
US20090301725A1 (en) * 2008-06-06 2009-12-10 Leonard Case Proppant Addition Method and System
CA2649203A1 (fr) * 2008-12-24 2010-06-24 Gasfrac Energy Services Inc. Installation et methode d'adjonction d'agent de soutenement

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5899272A (en) * 1997-05-21 1999-05-04 Foremost Industries Inc. Fracture treatment system for wells
US20060065400A1 (en) * 2004-09-30 2006-03-30 Smith David R Method and apparatus for stimulating a subterranean formation using liquefied natural gas
US20090301725A1 (en) * 2008-06-06 2009-12-10 Leonard Case Proppant Addition Method and System
CA2649203A1 (fr) * 2008-12-24 2010-06-24 Gasfrac Energy Services Inc. Installation et methode d'adjonction d'agent de soutenement

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10927802B2 (en) 2012-11-16 2021-02-23 U.S. Well Services, LLC System for fueling electric powered hydraulic fracturing equipment with multiple fuel sources
US10934824B2 (en) 2012-11-16 2021-03-02 U.S. Well Services, LLC System for reducing vibrations in a pressure pumping fleet
US9395049B2 (en) 2013-07-23 2016-07-19 Baker Hughes Incorporated Apparatus and methods for delivering a high volume of fluid into an underground well bore from a mobile pumping unit
US10017993B2 (en) 2014-06-18 2018-07-10 General Electric Company Exploration drilling system and method for supplying power thereto
US10221856B2 (en) 2015-08-18 2019-03-05 Bj Services, Llc Pump system and method of starting pump
US12078110B2 (en) 2015-11-20 2024-09-03 Us Well Services, Llc System for gas compression on electric hydraulic fracturing fleets
US10914155B2 (en) 2018-10-09 2021-02-09 U.S. Well Services, LLC Electric powered hydraulic fracturing pump system with single electric powered multi-plunger pump fracturing trailers, filtration units, and slide out platform
US12116875B2 (en) 2018-10-09 2024-10-15 U.S. Well Services, LLC Electric powered hydraulic fracturing pump system with single electric powered multi-plunger pump fracturing trailers, filtration units, and slide out platform
US11728709B2 (en) 2019-05-13 2023-08-15 U.S. Well Services, LLC Encoderless vector control for VFD in hydraulic fracturing applications
US12494695B2 (en) 2019-05-13 2025-12-09 U.S. Well Services, LLC Encoderless vector control for VFD in hydraulic fracturing applications
US11542786B2 (en) 2019-08-01 2023-01-03 U.S. Well Services, LLC High capacity power storage system for electric hydraulic fracturing
US12385362B2 (en) 2019-08-01 2025-08-12 U.S. Well Services, LLC High capacity power storage system for electric hydraulic fracturing

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