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WO2012119076A2 - Combustion in situ après un drainage par gravité au moyen de la vapeur (sagd) - Google Patents

Combustion in situ après un drainage par gravité au moyen de la vapeur (sagd) Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012119076A2
WO2012119076A2 PCT/US2012/027486 US2012027486W WO2012119076A2 WO 2012119076 A2 WO2012119076 A2 WO 2012119076A2 US 2012027486 W US2012027486 W US 2012027486W WO 2012119076 A2 WO2012119076 A2 WO 2012119076A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
formation
steam
horizontal
sagd
well
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2012/027486
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English (en)
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WO2012119076A3 (fr
Inventor
Daniel Ray SULTENFUSS
Wayne Reid DREHER
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ConocoPhillips Co
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ConocoPhillips Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ConocoPhillips Co filed Critical ConocoPhillips Co
Priority to CA2827655A priority Critical patent/CA2827655C/fr
Publication of WO2012119076A2 publication Critical patent/WO2012119076A2/fr
Publication of WO2012119076A3 publication Critical patent/WO2012119076A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
    • E21B43/2406—Steam assisted gravity drainage [SAGD]
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
    • E21B43/2406—Steam assisted gravity drainage [SAGD]
    • E21B43/2408—SAGD in combination with other methods
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
    • E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
    • E21B43/243—Combustion in situ

Definitions

  • the invention relates to recovery of petroleum from a petroliferous formation, in particular to in situ processing of a reservoir containing heavy oil and/or bitumen.
  • ISC In situ combustion
  • US7516789 and WO0674555 describe a hydrocarbon recovery process comprising, among other things, injecting an oxidizing gas into a formation through an injection well to support in situ combustion and mobilize hydocarbons in the heavy oil; producing fluids from a combustion gas production well, to direct combustion gases to the combustion gas production well; and recovering the mobilized hydrocarbons from the reservoir through a hydrocarbon production well.
  • These publications also suggest that the method can be applied to a reservoir that has been depleted or partially depleted by a petroleum recovery process, leaving a residual oil deposit in the reservoir.
  • US7516789 and WO0674555 require a separate combustion gas production well, and fail to teach or suggest disposition of the oxidizing gas injection well within the formation relative to the overburden and/or to the hydrocarbon production well.
  • US20070187094 and US20090044940 describes a method referred to as Combustion Assisted Gravity Drainage (CAGD), wherein oxygen is co-injected with steam into a SAGD steam chamber, thereby reducing the amount of steam required to produce a barrel of oil.
  • CAGD Combustion Assisted Gravity Drainage
  • US20090044940 describes a method for producing oil comprising: providing a steam chamber within an oil formation wherein the steam chamber defines steam chamber walls; injecting oxygen into the steam chamber and initiating combustion of oil at the steam chamber walls; allowing heated and cracked oil to drain toward a production well, and recovering oil through the production well.
  • SAGD Steam-assisted gravity drainage
  • ISC oxidizing agent
  • ISC By drilling a horizontal well near the top of the reservoir and injecting an oxidizing agent, such as air, oxygen, or oxygen-enriched air, ISC recovers residual oil in the steam chamber and provides heat to recover residual oil at the edges of the steam chamber and from the boundaries of the formation.
  • an oxidizing agent such as air, oxygen, or oxygen-enriched air
  • ISC recovers residual oil in the steam chamber and provides heat to recover residual oil at the edges of the steam chamber and from the boundaries of the formation.
  • ISC after a SAGD pattern has matured can recover additional reserve past the normal SAGD economic limit, and the compression equipment used in ISC can be used to repressurize the reservoir before abandonment.
  • This application provides a method for recovering petroleum from a formation, wherein said formation is intersected by at least one wellpair consisting of a horizontal production well and a horizontal injection well, and wherein said formation comprises at least one steam chamber developed by a steam-assisted process, said method comprising: providing an oxidizing agent near the top of said formation; initiating in situ combustion (ISC); and recovering petroleum from said at least one production well.
  • ISC in situ combustion
  • the petroleum can comprise heavy oil and/or bitumen.
  • the oxidizing agent can be selected from the group consisting of air, oxygen and oxygen-enriched air, preferably oxygen.
  • the duration of the process can be, for example, 5 years of SAGD followed by 5 years of air injection, but obviously, the time will vary with the size and conditions of the reservoir.
  • the ISC can heat the formation or parts of the formation to a temperature of, for example, 500°C to 1000°C.
  • the steam-assisted process can be selected from the group consisting of steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) (with or without solvents), steam-assisted gravity push (SAGP), and cyclic steam stimulation (CSS).
  • SAGD steam-assisted gravity drainage
  • SAGP steam-assisted gravity push
  • CSS cyclic steam stimulation
  • the at least one wellpair can be a SAGD wellpair.
  • the oxidation agent is provided 1-10 meters below the overburden of said formation.
  • the wellpairs can be at any distance relative to one another determined, for example, by details for the formation and economic concerns.
  • the oxidizing agent is provided through a horizontal oxidant injection well.
  • an oxidant injection well is placed at the top of a formation between sets of SAGD wellpairs. This configuration allows the oxidant injection wells to supply an oxidizing agent to two steam chambers simultaneously.
  • the formation can comprise at least two wellpairs and at least two steam chambers, and the oxidant injection well can be disposed so that said oxidizing agent is supplied to said at least two steam chambers.
  • the method herein also allows repressurization of the formation.
  • Some governments require that a reservoir produced using a SAGD method must be pressurized back to virgin reservoir pressure before abandonment, so as to avoid subsidence and other post-production complications.
  • a method for recovering heavy oil and/or bitumen from a formation comprising: providing an oxidizing agent through a horizontal oxidant injection well disposed 1-10 meters below the overburden of said formation, wherein said formation is intersected by at least one steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) wellpair consisting of a horizontal production well and a horizontal injection well, wherein said formation comprises at least one SAGD steam chamber, and wherein said oxidizing agent is selected from the group consisting of air, oxygen and oxygen-enriched air; initiating in situ combustion (ISC); and recovering petroleum from said at least one production well.
  • SAGD steam-assisted gravity drainage
  • ISC in situ combustion
  • the formation can comprise at least two SAGD wellpairs and at least two SAGD steam chambers, and said oxidant injection well is disposed so that said oxidizing agent is supplied to said at least two SAGD steam chambers.
  • a method of enhanced oil recovery is provided using at least one horizontal production well and at least one horizontal injection well, said production well being at or near a bottom of a hydrocarbon reservoir, and said injection well being above said production well and at or near a top of said hydrocarbon reservoir.
  • the method can include additional injection or production wells, arranged as is known in the art.
  • the first step is injecting steam (and/or solvents and/or gases) into said injection well and recovering a first amount of hydrocarbon from said production well.
  • the second step is injecting an oxidant into said injection well when steam assisted hydrocarbon production begins to decrease, and initiating combustion. Finally, the remaining hydrocarbon can be produced using the additional heat produced by in situ combustion.
  • FIG. 1 Typical SAGD wellpair, wherein an injection well is above a production well.
  • the SAGD process forms a steam chamber in a formation between the overburden and the underburden, mobilizing oil to gravity drain at the production well.
  • FIG. 2 Oil saturation of a formation containing a SAGD wellpair at the pattern's economic limit.
  • FIG. 3 Air injector layout for ISC after a SAGD process.
  • FIG. 4 Temperature profile for ISC that shows the combustion front moving toward the production well.
  • FIG. 5 Oil saturation of a SAGD-treated formation after ISC, which creates a bank of oil that moves toward the producer as the combustion front progresses.
  • Formation refers to a geological structure, deposit, reserve or reservoir, which includes one or more hydrocarbon-containing layers, one or more non- hydrocarbon layers, an overburden and/or an underburden.
  • the hydrocarbon layers can contain non-hydrocarbon material as well as hydrocarbon material.
  • the overburden and underburden contain one or more different types of impermeable materials, for example rock, shale, mudstone, wet carbonate, or tight carbonate.
  • a "petroliferous formation” is a formation that contains or yields petroleum.
  • Petroleum deposit refers to an assemblage of petroleum in a geological formation.
  • the petroleum deposit can comprise light and heavy crude oils and bitumen.
  • petroleum deposits that primarily comprise heavy petroleum, such as heavy oil and/or bitumen.
  • injection well or "injector” refers to a well into which a fluid is injected into a geological formation.
  • the injected fluid can comprise, for example, a gaseous mixture of steam, non-condensable gas (NCG) and/or hydrocarbon solvent.
  • the injected fluid can also comprise a liquid solvent, such as a liquid hydrocarbon solvent or CS 2 .
  • Production well or “producer” refers to a well from which a produced fluid is recovered from a geological formation.
  • the produced fluid can comprise, for example, a petroleum product, such as heavy oil or bitumen.
  • Horizontal drilling refers to a process of drilling and completing a well, beginning with a vertical or inclined linear bore, which extends from the surface to a subsurface location in or near a target reservoir (e.g., gas, oil), then bears off at an arc to intersect and/or traverse the reservoir at an entry point. Thereafter, the well continues at a horizontal or nearly horizontal attitude tangent to the arc, substantially or entirely remaining within the reservoir until the desired bottom hole location is reached. (Of course, the "bottom hole” of a horizontal well is the terminus of the horizontal wellbore rather than the gravitational bottom of the vertical wellbore.)
  • a target reservoir e.g., gas, oil
  • a "horizontal well” is a well produced by horizontal drilling. Horizontal displacements of more than 8000 feet (2.4 km) have been achieved. The initial linear portion of a horizontal well, unless very short, is typically drilled using rotary drilling techniques common to drilling vertical wells.
  • a short-radius well has an arc with a 3-40 foot (1-12 m) radius and a build rate of as much as 3° per 100 feet (30 m) drilled.
  • a medium-radius well has an arc with a 200-1000 foot (61-305 m) radius and build rates of 8-30° per 100 feet drilled.
  • a long-radius well has an arc with a 1000-2500 (305-762 m) foot radius. Most new wells are drilled with longer radii, while recompletions of exiting wells tend to employ medium or short radii. Medium-radius wells are the most productive and most widely used.
  • Horizontal wells confer several benefits. Operators are often able to develop a reservoir with fewer horizontal wells than vertical wells, since each horizontal well can drain a larger rock volume about its bore than a vertical well could. One reason for this benefit is that most oil and gas reservoirs are more extensive in their horizontal (areal) dimensions than in their vertical (thickness) dimension. A horizontal well can also produce at rates several times greater than a vertical well, due to a higher wellbore surface area within the producing interval.
  • Multilateral well refers to a well that is one of a plurality of horizontal branches, or “laterals", from a vertical wellbore. Such wells have at least two such branches and allow access to widely spaced reservoir compartments from the same wellbore, thus saving the cost of drilling multiple vertical wellbores and increasing the economy of oil and gas extraction.
  • a well with a fishbone configuration has a single vertical wellbore and a plurality of non-vertical (e.g., horizontal), deviated portion connected to the vertical wellbore and extending into the formation.
  • the non-vertical portions of a fishbone-configured well can further progress through the reservoir at angles different from the original angle of deviation.
  • Ex situ processing refers to petroleum processing which occurs above ground. Oil refining is typically carried out ex situ.
  • In situ processing refers to processing which occurs within the ground in the reserve itself. Processes include heating, combustion, pyrolysis, steam cracking, and the like. In situ processing has the potential of extracting more oil from a given land areas than ex situ processes since they can access material at greater depths than surface mines can. Examples of in situ processing include SAGD and ISC.
  • Steam-assisted process refers to any method wherein heated water or steam, used alone or in combination with other solvents and/or gases, is injected into a petroliferous formation so as to produce petroleum from that formation.
  • Solvents may include hydrocarbon solvents, such as methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, acetylene, and propene, or solvents containing heteroatoms, such as carbon disulfide (CS 2 ).
  • Other gases may include non- condensable gases (NCGs) such as nitrogen (N 2 ), oxygen (0 2 ), air, C0 2 , CO, hydrogen (H 2 ), flue gas and combustion gas.
  • NCGs non- condensable gases
  • Examples of steam-assisted processes include, but are not limited to steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD), steam-assisted gravity push (SAGP), and cyclic steam stimulation (CSS).
  • SAGD steam-assisted gravity drainage
  • SAGP steam-assisted gravity push
  • the method requires two horizontal wells drilled into a reservoir. The wells are drilled vertically to different depths within the reservoir then, using direction drilling, the wells are extended horizontally, resulting in horizontal wells vertically aligned to and spaced from each other.
  • the production well is located above the base of the reservoir but as close as possible to its bottom, for example between 1 and 3 meters above the base of the oil reserve.
  • the injection well is placed above (or nearly above) the production well, and is supplied steam from the surface.
  • the steam rises, forming a steam chamber that slowly grows toward the reservoir top, thereby increasing reservoir temperature and reducing viscosity of the petroleum deposit.
  • Gravity pulls the petroleum and condensed steam through the reservoir into the production well at the bottom, where the liquid is pumped to the surface.
  • water and petroleum can be separated from each other.
  • ISC In situ combustion
  • ISC can be controlled, for example, by metering the volume of oxidizing agent introduced to the formation, adjusting the pressure of the oxidizing agent or overall pressure of the formation, and/or producing combustion gases and/or petroleum from the formation.
  • ISC can be used over the period of years to heat and pressurize a petroliferous formation in order to mobilize, liquefy, upgrade, and/or produce petroleum. Time can depend on economic limits, for example simulations were run for 5 years of SAGD followed by 5 years of air injection.
  • Oxidizing agents include, but are not limited to, oxygen, air, oxygen-enriched air, and the like. Oxygen is preferred because of its relatively low cost and effectiveness in the ISC process. ISC can be catalyzed, for example for upgrading purposes. Although upgrading is not ISC per se, upgrading can result from an ISC process. Temperatures in the formation should be below the melting temperature of well completion to avoid well failure, for example from 500°C to 1000°C. The entire formation need not attain the target combustion temperature for the process to be effective, but different portions of the formation or hydrocarbon reservoir can attain the target temperature at different times.
  • Temperature can depend on asphaltene content of the bitumen and air injection rates. Air injection duration depends on air injection rate, which depends in part upon economic factors that have not been investigated. Speed of the front can be controlled by the rate of oxidizing agent injection and pressure at which it is injected. A balance between front speed and compression cost is determined on a reservoir-by-reservoir basis. Pressure and volume can be adjusted and are determined, for example, by the economic factors associated with each reservoir.
  • cSOR Cumulative steam-oil ratio
  • CWE cold water equivalent
  • steam chamber refers to the pocket or chamber of gas and vapor formed in a geological formation by a steam-assisted process.
  • the steam chamber is the volume of the reservoir, which is saturated with injected steam and from which mobilized oil has at least partially drained.
  • viscous hydrocarbons in the reservoir are heated and mobilized, especially at the margins of the steam chamber where the steam condenses and heats a layer of viscous hydrocarbons by thermal conduction.
  • the mobilized hydrocarbon and aqueous condensate drain under gravity toward the bottom of the steam chamber, where a production well can be located.
  • a steam chamber can be in fluid communication with one or more injection wells, for example, two injection wells.
  • overpressurized conditions can be imposed to accelerate steam chamber development, followed by prolonged underpressurization to reduce the steam-to-gas ratio. Maintaining reservoir pressure while heating advantageously minimizes water inflow to the heated zone and to the wellbore.
  • a steam chamber has likely formed.
  • a cSOR of less than 4 implies that heat from the injected steam reaches the petroleum at the edges of the chamber and that the mobilized bitumen is flowing under gravity to the production well.
  • Recovery refers to extraction of petroleum from a petroleum deposit or hydrocarbon-containing layer within a geologic formation.
  • the present invention is exemplified with respect to in situ combustion after SAGD in a bitumen-containing formation.
  • this method is exemplary only, and the invention can be broadly applied to any petroliferous formation, wherein the petroleum was mobilized prior to ISC or wherein a combustion process is used in connection with a steam-assisted process.
  • the following examples are intended to be illustrative only, and not unduly limit the scope of the appended claims.
  • the residual oil can be removed from the steam chamber by in situ combustion following the SAGD process.
  • Oxidant injection wells are placed at the top of the reservoir at the edge of the SAGD pattern or, if the reservoir contains multiple SAGD wellpairs, between SAGD wellpairs. This placement allows the oxidant injection wells to supply an oxidizing agent to two steam chambers simultaneously.
  • the combustion front proceeds from the oxidant injectors to the SAGD wellpair, having maximum temperatures of about 500°C (FIG 4). Temperature of the combustion front depends on asphaltene content of the bitumen. Red and yellow indicate propagation of the combustion front toward the production well at the bottom of the formation.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé permettant de récupérer du pétrole à partir d'une formation, ladite formation étant coupée par au moins deux puits consistant en un puits de production horizontal et en un puits d'injection horizontal, et ladite formation comprenant au moins une chambre à vapeur développée par un procédé assisté par la vapeur. Ledit procédé consiste à utiliser un agent oxydant près de la partie supérieure de ladite formation ; à commencer une combustion in situ (ISC) ; et à récupérer le pétrole depuis au moins un puits de production.
PCT/US2012/027486 2011-03-03 2012-03-02 Combustion in situ après un drainage par gravité au moyen de la vapeur (sagd) Ceased WO2012119076A2 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA2827655A CA2827655C (fr) 2011-03-03 2012-03-02 Combustion in situ apres un drainage par gravite au moyen de la vapeur (sagd)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201161448868P 2011-03-03 2011-03-03
US61/448,868 2011-03-03
US13/410,850 US20130062058A1 (en) 2011-03-03 2012-03-02 In situ combustion following sagd
US13/410,850 2012-03-02

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WO2012119076A2 true WO2012119076A2 (fr) 2012-09-07
WO2012119076A3 WO2012119076A3 (fr) 2013-08-15

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Cited By (4)

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US9163491B2 (en) 2011-10-21 2015-10-20 Nexen Energy Ulc Steam assisted gravity drainage processes with the addition of oxygen
CN106593375A (zh) * 2016-12-01 2017-04-26 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 开采气顶特超稠油油藏的热采方法
US9803456B2 (en) 2011-07-13 2017-10-31 Nexen Energy Ulc SAGDOX geometry for impaired bitumen reservoirs
US11125063B2 (en) 2017-07-19 2021-09-21 Conocophillips Company Accelerated interval communication using openholes

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WO2014063227A1 (fr) * 2012-05-07 2014-05-01 Nexen Energy Ulc Utilisation du drainage par gravité assisté par vapeur avec addition d'oxygène (« sagdox ») en récupération de bitume dans des zones productrices minces
US10718193B2 (en) * 2012-08-28 2020-07-21 Conocophillips Company In situ combustion for steam recovery infill
CN105121778A (zh) * 2012-10-23 2015-12-02 尼克森能源无限责任公司 使用氧的蒸汽辅助重力泄油(“sagdox”)在薄产油区中采收沥青的用途
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US9869169B2 (en) 2013-12-12 2018-01-16 Husky Oil Operations Limited Method to maintain reservoir pressure during hydrocarbon recovery operations using electrical heating means with or without injection of non-condensable gases
CN108397186B (zh) * 2018-01-31 2022-01-04 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 一种水平井温度激动找水装置及方法
AU2021403959A1 (en) * 2020-12-18 2023-08-03 Proton Technologies Inc. Methods for repurposing thermal hydrocarbon recovery operations for synthesis gas production
US12264564B1 (en) 2023-11-22 2025-04-01 ProtonH2 Analytics, Limited In-situ process to produce hydrogen-bearing gas from underground petroleum reservoirs

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US9803456B2 (en) 2011-07-13 2017-10-31 Nexen Energy Ulc SAGDOX geometry for impaired bitumen reservoirs
US9163491B2 (en) 2011-10-21 2015-10-20 Nexen Energy Ulc Steam assisted gravity drainage processes with the addition of oxygen
CN106593375A (zh) * 2016-12-01 2017-04-26 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 开采气顶特超稠油油藏的热采方法
US11125063B2 (en) 2017-07-19 2021-09-21 Conocophillips Company Accelerated interval communication using openholes

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CA2827655A1 (fr) 2012-09-07
US20130062058A1 (en) 2013-03-14
WO2012119076A3 (fr) 2013-08-15
CA2827655C (fr) 2021-05-11

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