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WO2012105830A1 - Procédé et dispositif d'imagerie volumétrique d'objet tridimensionnel dans milieu diffusant la lumière - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif d'imagerie volumétrique d'objet tridimensionnel dans milieu diffusant la lumière Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012105830A1
WO2012105830A1 PCT/NL2012/050048 NL2012050048W WO2012105830A1 WO 2012105830 A1 WO2012105830 A1 WO 2012105830A1 NL 2012050048 W NL2012050048 W NL 2012050048W WO 2012105830 A1 WO2012105830 A1 WO 2012105830A1
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Prior art keywords
image
point
dimensional
light
intensity
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English (en)
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Wessel van der Es
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30Image reproducers
    • H04N13/388Volumetric displays, i.e. systems where the image is built up from picture elements distributed through a volume
    • H04N13/39Volumetric displays, i.e. systems where the image is built up from picture elements distributed through a volume the picture elements emitting light at places where a pair of light beams intersect in a transparent material
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/50Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images the image being built up from image elements distributed over a 3D volume, e.g. voxels
    • G02B30/56Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images the image being built up from image elements distributed over a 3D volume, e.g. voxels by projecting aerial or floating images

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the volumetric imaging of a three-dimensional object in a light-diffusing medium.
  • the invention furthermore relates to a device for the volumetric imaging of a three-dimensional object in a light-diffusing medium.
  • the invention furthermore relates to a computer program product.
  • the image elements appear to be located at predefined positions in a primary image volume within the diffusing medium and form a three-dimensional image which can be viewed by an observer from a number of angles.
  • the object can furthermore be presented by means of a three- dimensional representation.
  • the three-dimensional representation can be generated by means of a computer model of the object and comprises, inter alia, triangles, texture and illumination.
  • the three-dimensional representation can also be determined by means of a computer tomography (CT) scanner, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner, stereoscopic recording equipment or seismic instruments from a physical or biological object.
  • CT computer tomography
  • MRI magnetic resonance imaging
  • seismic instruments from a physical or biological object.
  • no special spectacles through which the object must be viewed are necessary for the volumetric imaging.
  • a method of this type is known from the American patent specification US 6,997,558.
  • This method for the volumetric representation of an object comprises the measurement of a distance from a projection position to respective diffusing particles in a medium, for example dust particles in air, by means of an infrared laser and, depending on the measured distance of the respective particles, a visible optical laser does or does not illuminate these particles, wherein the particles diffuse the received light.
  • a medium for example dust particles in air
  • One object of the invention is to provide a method for the volumetric imaging of an object, in which the aforementioned deficiencies are reduced.
  • this object is achieved by a method comprising the generation of a multiplicity of light beams with a first angle of aperture, the formation of a primary image space in the light-diffusing medium by overlapping the multiplicity of light beams, the determination of respective images by means of projections of a three-dimensional representation of the three-dimensional object in an object space corresponding to the primary image space, and the modulation of the respective light beams with the respective images.
  • the three-dimensional object is imaged in the primary image space through the formation of the primary image space in the light-diffusing medium by the overlapping light beams and the modulation of the light beams with the respective images.
  • the respective images are determined by the respective projections of a three-dimensional representation of the three-dimensional object on a two-dimensional surface. An observer located at a position outside or inside the primary image space will then perceive the image in the light beam which corresponds to a projection of the three-dimensional object in the object space in a direction corresponding to the direction of the light beam in relation to the primary image space.
  • the respective projections are dependent on an observation point, an imaging window between the observation point and the three- dimensional object, and an orientation of the imaging window in relation to the observation point and the three-dimensional object, wherein a second angle of aperture, which is determined by the distance between the observation point and the imaging window, is equal to the first angle of aperture of the light beam. Since the first angle of aperture of the light beam is equal to the second angle of aperture, the projection fields of all projections will link up precisely with one another and correspond to the light beams which form the primary image space, and the observer will always see the projections which correspond to the position in which he is located in relation to the primary image space.
  • the respective observation points and the orientations of the imaging windows in the object space correspond to respective positions and orientations of the projectors in relation to the primary image space. In this way, a uniform representation of the three-dimensional object in the primary image space is obtained.
  • the projection comprises the imaging of the image elements of the three-dimensional representation, said image elements having a higher priority which is proportional to the distance from the image element to the observation point.
  • the projection comprises a raytracing on the three-dimensional representation, said raytracing comprising a) the mounting of an ancillary surface in the object space, said ancillary surface, viewed in the direction towards the observation point, being located in front of the three-dimensional object, b) the determination of a primary ray from a starting point in the ancillary surface to the observation point via the three-dimensional object and the imaging window, c) the determination of an object point along the primary ray in the three-dimensional representation of the three-dimensional object, from which the distance to the observation point is the greatest, wherein the intensity of the image element in the image is equal to the intensity of the object point on the primary ray.
  • the projection comprises a rasterisation, comprising: a) the description of the object by means of triangles, b) the imaging of the respective angles of the respective triangles on the imaging window on the intersection point of a projection line from the respective angles to the observation point with the imaging window, c) the determination of the distance from the respective triangles of the three-dimensional representation to the observation point, and d) the determination of the intensity of the image points within the projected triangles in the image from the intensities of the image points from corresponding triangles of the three-dimensional representation, from which the distance to the observation point is the greatest.
  • a rasterisation comprising: a) the description of the object by means of triangles, b) the imaging of the respective angles of the respective triangles on the imaging window on the intersection point of a projection line from the respective angles to the observation point with the imaging window, c) the determination of the distance from the respective triangles of the three-dimensional representation to the observation point, and d) the determination of the intensity of the image points within the projected triangles in the image
  • a further embodiment of the method comprises the correction of an intensity of an image point of the image, wherein the intensity is dependent on an angle of incidence ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 of a projection line from the observation point to a point of a surface of the three- dimensional representation corresponding to the image point.
  • the angle of incidence is defined here as the angle between the projection line and the normal of the corresponding point on the surface.
  • a further embodiment of the method comprises the correction of the intensity of an image point of the image, wherein the intensity is dependent on the distance from the observation point to a point of a surface of the three-dimensional representation corresponding to the image point.
  • a correction can be carried out for the reduction in the intensity of light beams in the propagation direction of the light rays in the light beams.
  • the intensity of an image point of the image is proportional to the square of the distance from the observation point to a point of the surface of the three-dimensional representation corresponding to the image point.
  • this object is achieved by a device for the volumetric imaging of a three-dimensional object in a light-diffusing medium, said device comprising a multiplicity of projectors, each provided with a light source to generate a light beam, an optical system to produce the light beam with a first angle of aperture, a light modulator designed to modulate the light beam with an image, wherein the respective positions and orientations of the projectors are set up in such a way that the light beams overlap one another in a primary image space in the diffusing medium, and the respective images comprise projections of a three-dimensional representation of the three-dimensional object in an object space corresponding to the primary image space.
  • the projectors are arranged along a circle, a rectangle, on the surface of a sphere or a cube.
  • One embodiment of the device comprises a smoke or mist generator.
  • the visibility of the three-dimensional image is improved through the addition of additional light- diffusing dust or water particles.
  • a further embodiment of the device comprises a processing unit to carry out the method according to claims 2-10.
  • the invention furthermore relates to a computer program which is stored on a computer-readable storage medium and is suitable for carrying out the method according to claims 2-10, if it is carried out on a processing unit.
  • Fig. 1 shows a diagrammatic overview of a projector
  • Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of a volumetric imaging device
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic overview of a projection
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic overview of a raytracing
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic overview of a rasterisation
  • Fig. 6 shows a schematic overview of triangular projection in a rasterisation
  • Fig. 7 shows a primary image space with two observers
  • Fig. 8 shows a projection of two objects in a three-dimensional object space
  • Fig. 9 shows a configuration of projectors along the ribs of the cube.
  • Fig. 10 shows a configuration of projectors along the circumferential circles of a sphere.
  • Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a projector 1 which can be used in a volumetric display device according to the invention.
  • the projector 1 comprises a light source 3, an optical system 5 and a light modulator 7.
  • the light modulator 7 is positioned between the light source 3 and the optical system 5.
  • the light modulator 7 may comprise, for example, a Digital Mirror Device (DMD) or an LCD.
  • the projector 1 furthermore has a connection 11 for receiving image signals. Projectors of this type are known per se and are commercially available. For example, projector type Home Cinema 8350 as supplied by Epson.
  • the volumetric display device comprises a processing unit, for example a personal computer or graphical workstation 13.
  • the personal computer 13 is provided with a keyboard 15, an image display unit 17, a memory unit 19, which comprises, for example, a hard disk for storing image information, and a plurality of video display units 14.
  • the projector 1 can be connected via the connection 11 to the video display unit 14 of the personal computer.
  • the light source 3 generates a light beam 4, which is directed towards the light modulator 7.
  • the light modulator 7 modulates an image corresponding to the received image signals in a cross section of the light beam 4 and allows the modulated light beam 8 through to an optical system 5.
  • the optical system 5 converts the modulated light beam 8 into a modulated light beam 9 with a first angle of aperture ⁇ 1 and allows the modulated light beam 9 through to a light-diffusing medium.
  • a light-diffusing medium For example, dust particles, mist or smoke particles present in air.
  • a transparency can be used on which the image information of an image is imposed by means of a photographic process or printer, as a result of which no computer is required for the display of the three-dimensional image per se in order to send the image information to the projector 1.
  • the projector 1 may then comprise a simple slide projector.
  • the number of light-diffusing particles in the medium can be increased by means of a smoke generator 18 or a mist generator.
  • a smoke generator 18 of this type is known per se and is commercially available.
  • the Fog Storm type as supplied by American DJ.
  • Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the volumetric display device 20, in which the projectors 1 are set up in a circle.
  • the device 20 for the volumetric imaging of a three- dimensional object comprises a number N of projectors of the type described above and the processing unit, for example the personal computer 13, which is provided with the same number N of video display units 14, which are connected to the respective projectors 1 via the connections 11.
  • the connections 11 of three projectors 1 are shown in Fig. 2.
  • the number N is equal to 24. Numbers other than 24 are possible, for example 16, 48 or 120.
  • the intensity and quality of the three- dimensional image will vary according to the number of projectors 1, wherein a smaller number of projectors will provide a lower intensity and resolution of the three- dimensional image.
  • the configuration, such as the positions and orientations, of the projectors 1 is such that the main rays 21 of the light beams 9 intersect one another in the centre 23 of the circle and the light beams 9 of the projectors 1 overlap one another in a primary image space 25.
  • the personal computer 13 has stored the respective images for the 24 projectors in the memory 19.
  • the images can be determined by the personal computer 13 by means of a perspective projection of a three-dimensional representation of the three-dimensional object 31 in an object space 30 corresponding to the primary image space, wherein the direction of the perspective projection in relation to the three-dimensional object 31 corresponds to a direction of the light beam 9 to be modulated with this image.
  • the three-dimensional representation may, for example, comprise a three-dimensional model, which also comprises a texture and illumination.
  • the three-dimensional model may, for example, comprise polygons which describe the object, said polygons in turn comprising triangles.
  • the personal computer 13 transports the image information of the stored images from the memory 19 to the respective projectors 1 via the video display units 14 and the projector connections 11.
  • the respective projectors 1 modulate the light beams 4 with the image information of the respective images.
  • An observer looking towards the primary image space 25 will now perceive a three-dimensional image 27 of the three-dimensional object 31.
  • the respective projectors can also modulate the light beams 4 in succession with a series of temporally consecutive images, so that dynamic three-dimensional scenes can be obtained.
  • the number of light- diffusing particles in the medium can be increased by means of the smoke generator 18.
  • Fig. 3 shows diagrammatically a perspective projection for determining a respective image of a three-dimensional object 31 on a two-dimensional image in the imaging window 35.
  • the perspective projection is determined by an observation point 33, an imaging window 35 between the observation point 33 and the three-dimensional object 31 and the orientation of the imaging window 35 in relation to the observation point 33 and the three-dimensional object 31 in an object space 30.
  • the observation point 33 and the imaging window 35 determine a virtual camera C.
  • a second angle of aperture ⁇ 2 of the projection or the virtual camera C is determined by an angle between a first primary ray 37 from the observation point 33 to the centre 37 of the imaging window 35, and a second primary ray from the observation point 33 to the one point 39 on the edge of the imaging window 35, from which point 39 the distance to the centre 37 is the greatest.
  • the second angle of aperture ⁇ 2 of the projections is equal to the first angle of aperture ⁇ 1 of the respective light beams of the projectors 1 of the device 20.
  • the observation points and the orientation of the imaging windows in the object space 30 correspond to the respective positions and orientations of the projectors 1 in the primary image space 25.
  • the three-dimensional image of the object in the primary image space corresponds to the three-dimensional object 31.
  • the projection comprises the imaging of the image elements of the three-dimensional representation of the three-dimensional object D which have a higher priority, said priority being proportional to the distance from the image element to the observation point.
  • the projection is determined by means of a raytracing.
  • the 4 and comprises: a) the mounting of an ancillary surface 41 in the object space 30, said ancillary surface 41, viewed in the direction towards the observation point 33, being located in front of the three-dimensional object 31, b) the determination of a primary ray 43 from a starting point 42 in the ancillary surface 41 to the observation point 33 via the three-dimensional object 31 and the imaging window 35, c) the determination of an object point Pi along the primary ray 43 in the three- dimensional representation of the three-dimensional object 31, from which the distance to the observation point 33 is the greatest, and d) the determination of the intensity of the image point Qi in the image, wherein the intensity in the first instance is equal to the intensity of the object point Pi on the primary ray 43 in the three-dimensional object 31, wherein the position of the image point Qi in the image is determined by the intersection point 44 of the primary ray 43 with the imaging window 35.
  • the number of image points Qi depends on the resolution of the image.
  • the steps b) and c) are repeated until all image points Qi of the image are determined. Furthermore, the intensity is partly determined by an applied illumination model of the three- dimensional obj ect 31.
  • the projection is determined by a rasterisation.
  • Rasterisation is the determination of the image points of a two-dimensional image from a three-dimensional representation of the three-dimensional object, wherein the three- dimensional representation comprises a collection of triangles which describe the three- dimensional object.
  • Rasterisation is known per se, from, inter alia, the aforementioned book entitled “Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice”.
  • the rasterisation in this embodiment differs from the conventional rasterisation and is explained with reference to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6.
  • Fig. 5 shows an image of a three-dimensional object 31 which is described by the triangles 51, 53, 55 and 57.
  • Fig. 6 shows the perspective projection of a triangle 51 with angular points 63 to a triangle 67 with respective angular points 65 in the imaging window 35 and the observation point 33.
  • the rasterisation comprises a) the description of the object 31 by means of a multiplicity of triangles, of which triangles 51, 53, 55 and 57 only are shown in Fig.
  • the intensity of the image points Qi of the image is corrected for the diffusion of the light in the medium.
  • This diffusion is not homogeneous, but depends on the propagation direction of the light in the light beam.
  • Fig. 7 shows a volumetric display device 20 with an observer A and an observer B. Observer A looks in the direction of the projector 70 from which the light beam 9 comes and observer B looks across the light beam 9. Due to the extent of diffusion in the medium, the intensity from a surface of the image 71, of which surface the normal 73 is directed in the direction of the observer A, to the observer A will be greater than the intensity in the direction from the observer B. This effect can be reduced with a correction I c which is determined by
  • lo represents the intensity of a point Qi determined according to the projection
  • o3 ⁇ 4 represents the angle of incidence of a projection line from the observation point 33 to the point Pi corresponding to the image point Qi on the surface of the three- dimensional representation of the object 31 with the normal through this point Pi on this surface.
  • the intensity is corrected for the quadratic reduction of the intensity of a light beam with the distance covered.
  • Fig. 8 shows two objects 80 and 81 in the obj ect space 30.
  • the first object 80 is located at a first distance S I from the observation point 33.
  • I 0 represents the intensity of a point Qi determined according to the projection
  • represents the distance between the observation point and a point Pi corresponding to the image point Qi on a surface of the three-dimensional representation of the object.
  • the corrections according to formula (1) and (2) can be combined to produce the corrected I u for both the effects of diffusion and the quadratic reduction according to the formula
  • I u (lo 2/(cos Oi + 1)) I T-Pil 2 (3).
  • a scale factor can be set between the three-dimensional object 31 in the object space 30 and the three-dimensional image 23 in the primary image space 25 and the size of the three-dimensional image can be set in relation to an observer.
  • the intensity of the image elements Qi depends on the applied illumination model of the three-dimensional object 31.
  • the implementation of the embodiments described here can be carried out with the aid of 3ds Max, Maya or Blender in the personal computer 13.
  • Fig. 9 shows a first two-dimensional representation 90 of a second configuration of the projectors 1 of a further embodiment of the display device for the volumetric imaging of a three-dimensional object.
  • the projectors are mounted on the supports 91 which correspond to the ribs of a cube, wherein the distance between two adjacent projectors 1 located next to one another on a support 91 is the same.
  • Fig. 10 shows a second two-dimensional representation 100 of a third configuration of the projectors 1 of a different embodiment of the display device for the volumetric imaging of a three-dimensional object.
  • the projectors 1 are mounted on the surface of a transparent sphere 101, which is suspended in a support construction 102.
  • the sphere may, for example, be made of Perspex.
  • the distances between two adjacent projectors 1 located next to one another on a circumferential circle on the transparent sphere 101 are the same.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Controls And Circuits For Display Device (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un procédé d'imagerie volumétrique d'un objet tridimensionnel dans un milieu diffusant la lumière. Un observateur peut voir une image tridimensionnelle produite de cette manière sans moyen auxiliaire tel que des lunettes spéciales. Le procédé comporte la génération d'une multiplicité de faisceaux de lumière ayant un premier angle d'ouverture, la formation d'un espace image primaire dans le milieu diffusant la lumière au moyen du chevauchement des faisceaux de lumière, la détermination d'images respectives au moyen de projections d'une représentation tridimensionnelle de l'objet tridimensionnel dans un espace objet correspondant à l'espace image primaire, et la modulation des faisceaux de lumière respectifs par les images respectives. L'invention porte également sur un dispositif d'imagerie volumétrique d'un objet tridimensionnel dans un milieu diffusant la lumière.
PCT/NL2012/050048 2011-02-01 2012-01-30 Procédé et dispositif d'imagerie volumétrique d'objet tridimensionnel dans milieu diffusant la lumière Ceased WO2012105830A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL2006111A NL2006111C2 (nl) 2011-02-01 2011-02-01 Werkwijze en inrichting voor het volumetrisch afbeelden van een driedimensionaal object in een lichtverstrooiend medium.
NL2006111 2011-02-01

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2020127099A (ja) * 2019-02-01 2020-08-20 鈴木 直樹 立体映像表示システム
CN112005076A (zh) * 2018-04-26 2020-11-27 林德有限责任公司 用于在空间中表现定位线的方法
JP2022065912A (ja) * 2020-10-16 2022-04-28 株式会社Nttドコモ 体積像表示システム
DE102021120114A1 (de) 2021-08-03 2023-02-09 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Anzeigevorrichtung zum Anzeigen eines Bildes sowie Verfahren zum Anzeigen eines Bildes
JP7521998B2 (ja) 2020-10-16 2024-07-24 株式会社Nttドコモ 体積像表示システム
EP4510560A1 (fr) * 2023-08-18 2025-02-19 Andreas Tormin Procédé et appareil de rendu spatial d'une image volumique visible totalement

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6997558B2 (en) 2002-12-11 2006-02-14 New York University Volumetric display with dust as the participating medium
WO2006047487A2 (fr) * 2004-10-25 2006-05-04 The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York Systemes et procedes d'affichage d'images tridimensionnelles

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6997558B2 (en) 2002-12-11 2006-02-14 New York University Volumetric display with dust as the participating medium
WO2006047487A2 (fr) * 2004-10-25 2006-05-04 The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York Systemes et procedes d'affichage d'images tridimensionnelles

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112005076A (zh) * 2018-04-26 2020-11-27 林德有限责任公司 用于在空间中表现定位线的方法
JP2020127099A (ja) * 2019-02-01 2020-08-20 鈴木 直樹 立体映像表示システム
JP2022065912A (ja) * 2020-10-16 2022-04-28 株式会社Nttドコモ 体積像表示システム
JP7521998B2 (ja) 2020-10-16 2024-07-24 株式会社Nttドコモ 体積像表示システム
JP7563939B2 (ja) 2020-10-16 2024-10-08 株式会社Nttドコモ 体積像表示システム
DE102021120114A1 (de) 2021-08-03 2023-02-09 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Anzeigevorrichtung zum Anzeigen eines Bildes sowie Verfahren zum Anzeigen eines Bildes
EP4510560A1 (fr) * 2023-08-18 2025-02-19 Andreas Tormin Procédé et appareil de rendu spatial d'une image volumique visible totalement

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