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WO2012101996A1 - Système de cogénération - Google Patents

Système de cogénération Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012101996A1
WO2012101996A1 PCT/JP2012/000351 JP2012000351W WO2012101996A1 WO 2012101996 A1 WO2012101996 A1 WO 2012101996A1 JP 2012000351 W JP2012000351 W JP 2012000351W WO 2012101996 A1 WO2012101996 A1 WO 2012101996A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat storage
storage amount
heat
threshold
amount
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2012/000351
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
繁樹 保田
章典 行正
篤敬 井上
純司 森田
洋 龍井
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Panasonic Corp
Original Assignee
Panasonic Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Panasonic Corp filed Critical Panasonic Corp
Publication of WO2012101996A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012101996A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H01M8/04373—Temperature; Ambient temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformers, compressors, burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D18/00—Small-scale combined heat and power [CHP] generation systems specially adapted for domestic heating, space heating or domestic hot-water supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04052—Storage of heat in the fuel cell system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04701—Temperature
    • H01M8/04738—Temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2101/00—Electric generators of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2101/30—Fuel cells
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2103/00—Thermal aspects of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2103/10—Small-scale CHP systems characterised by their heat recovery units
    • F24D2103/13—Small-scale CHP systems characterised by their heat recovery units characterised by their heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2103/00—Thermal aspects of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2103/10—Small-scale CHP systems characterised by their heat recovery units
    • F24D2103/17—Storage tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/16—Waste heat
    • F24D2200/19—Fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
    • H01M2250/405—Cogeneration of heat or hot water
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a combined heat and power system for supplying heat and electricity.
  • the cogeneration system is a system that covers the power supply load of the consumer by supplying the generated power to the customer to cover the power load, and recovering and storing the exhaust heat associated with the power generation.
  • a cogeneration system having a fuel cell, a hot water tank, and a water heater is known. Water is indirectly heated by the heat generated during the power generation operation of the fuel cell, and the heated water is stored in the hot water storage tank. The water flowing out of the hot water storage tank is heated to a predetermined temperature by a water heater (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
  • the fuel cell system cannot exhibit the energy saving property when the exhaust heat accompanying the power generation cannot be recovered.
  • the hot water in the hot water tank is full (hereinafter referred to as a full storage state)
  • the exhaust heat from the fuel cell cannot be stored any more.
  • the fuel cell system is configured such that the power generation operation of the fuel cell is stopped when the hot water storage tank is fully stored.
  • a domestic fuel cell system that controls the amount of power generated by a fuel cell in accordance with the amount of heat stored in a hot water tank (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
  • This household fuel cell system reduces the amount of generated heat by reducing the amount of power generated by the fuel cell when the amount of heat stored in the hot water tank rises to a predetermined amount of heat stored below the full storage state. Yes. Thereby, the time until the hot water storage tank becomes full is extended and the power generation of the fuel cell is continued, thereby improving the energy saving performance of the fuel cell system.
  • the water heater is heating water flowing out of the hot water tank.
  • hot water heated by a water heater and water (hot water) indirectly heated by exhaust heat of the fuel cell are stored in a hot water storage tank.
  • the heat generated by the power generation operation of the fuel cell and the heat generated by the combustion operation of the combustion device are recovered as hot water.
  • Hot water is stored in one hot water tank.
  • the fuel cell has higher energy efficiency than the combustion device. Therefore, the longer the power generation time of the fuel cell, the better the energy saving performance of the system.
  • the present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and in the case where hot water heated by exhaust heat from the fuel cell and exhaust heat from the combustion device is stored in one hot water tank, the energy saving property is achieved. It aims at providing the combined heat and power system which can suppress a fall.
  • a combined heat and power system includes a fuel cell system including a fuel cell that generates power using fuel gas and an oxidant gas, and a control device.
  • the combined heat and power system includes a combustion device that burns combustion fuel gas, a tank that stores hot water heated by exhaust heat from the fuel cell system and exhaust heat from the combustion device, and And a heat storage amount detector for detecting a heat storage amount stored in the tank.
  • the control device decreases the combustion amount of the combustion fuel gas, or detects the heat storage amount.
  • the combustion apparatus is controlled to stop the combustion operation.
  • the second threshold heat storage amount may be larger than the first threshold heat storage amount.
  • control device is configured such that the heat storage amount detected by the heat storage amount detector is greater than or equal to a third threshold heat storage amount greater than the first threshold heat storage amount and the second threshold heat storage amount.
  • the fuel cell system may be controlled to reduce the amount of power generated by the fuel cell.
  • the control device In the combined heat and power system, the control device generates power by the fuel cell when the heat storage amount detected by the heat storage amount detector is less than a fourth threshold heat storage amount that is smaller than the third threshold heat storage amount.
  • the fuel cell system may be configured to control the amount of electric power.
  • the fourth threshold heat storage amount may be larger than the first threshold heat storage amount and the second threshold heat storage amount.
  • the control device stops power generation by the fuel cell when the heat storage amount detected by the heat storage amount detector is equal to or greater than a fifth threshold heat storage amount that is greater than the third threshold heat storage amount.
  • the fuel cell system may be configured to be controlled.
  • the control device stops power generation by the fuel cell, and the heat storage amount detected by the heat storage amount detector is less than a sixth threshold heat storage amount smaller than the fifth threshold heat storage amount.
  • the fuel cell system may be configured to start power generation by the fuel cell.
  • the sixth threshold heat storage amount may be larger than the third threshold heat storage amount.
  • control device is configured such that the heat storage amount detected by the heat storage amount detector is less than a seventh threshold heat storage amount smaller than the first threshold heat storage amount and the second threshold heat storage amount.
  • the combustion apparatus may be controlled to increase the amount of combustion of the combustion fuel gas.
  • the combined heat and power system may further include a heat usage predictor that predicts the usage of heat stored in the tank.
  • the control device determines the first low threshold heat storage amount as the first threshold heat storage amount.
  • the second low threshold heat storage amount is used as the second threshold heat storage amount and the predicted heat use amount is equal to or greater than the predetermined heat use amount, it is greater than the first low threshold heat storage amount.
  • the first high threshold heat storage amount is used as the first threshold heat storage amount
  • the second high threshold heat storage amount larger than the second low threshold heat storage amount is used as the second threshold heat storage amount.
  • the cogeneration system is provided so as to pass through the fuel cell system and the tank, and the first heat medium circulates so as to heat the hot water in the tank by the exhaust heat recovered from the fuel cell system.
  • the second heat medium is circulated so as to heat the hot water in the tank by the exhaust heat recovered from the combustion device.
  • the heat medium circulation path may be further included.
  • the combined heat and power system is provided so as to pass through the fuel cell system, the combustion device, and the tank, and the heat medium heats hot water in the tank by exhaust heat recovered from the fuel cell system and the combustion device.
  • a heat medium circulation path that circulates may be further provided.
  • the combined heat and power system includes a main path that passes through the tank and a pair of branch paths that branch from one end of the main path, respectively, pass through the fuel cell system and the combustion device, and join to the other end of the main path. And a heat medium circulation path that circulates so that the heat medium heats the hot water in the tank by the exhaust heat recovered from the fuel cell system and the combustion device, respectively.
  • the present invention produces an effect that it is possible to suppress a reduction in energy saving in a combined heat and power system in which hot water heated by exhaust heat from a fuel cell and exhaust heat from a combustion device is stored in one hot water tank.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a combined heat and power system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of control of the combined heat and power system of FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of control of the combined heat and power system of the first modification of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an example of control of the combined heat and power system according to the second modification of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an example of control of the combined heat and power system of the third modification of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a combined heat and power system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of control of the combined heat and power system of FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of control of the combined heat and power system of the
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing an example of control of the combined heat and power system according to the fourth modification of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing an example of control of the combined heat and power system according to the fifth modification of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing an example of control of the combined heat and power system according to the seventh modification of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing an example of control of the combined heat and power system according to the eleventh modification of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a combined heat and power system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an example of control of the combined heat and power system of FIG.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a combined heat and power system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a combined heat and power system according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a combined heat and power system according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a flowchart showing an example of control of the combined heat and power system of the thirteenth modification of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing an example of control of the combined heat and power system according to the modification 14 of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing an example of control of the combined heat and power system according to the fifteenth modification of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 18 is a flowchart illustrating an example of control of the combined heat and power system according to the sixteenth modification of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing an example of control of the combined heat and power system according to the modified example 28 of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a combined heat and power system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • the combined heat and power system 100A of the first embodiment includes a fuel cell system 1 having a fuel cell 4 that generates power using fuel gas and an oxidant gas, and a control device 5.
  • the combined heat and power system 100 ⁇ / b> A includes a combustion apparatus 2 that burns combustion fuel gas, a tank 3 that stores hot water heated by exhaust heat from the fuel cell system 1 and exhaust heat from the combustion apparatus 2, and stores in the tank 3.
  • a heat storage amount detector 6 for detecting the stored heat storage amount.
  • the control device 5 determines the combustion amount of the combustion fuel gas (more precisely, the combustion fuel gas per unit time).
  • the combustion apparatus 2 is controlled to stop the combustion operation when the heat storage amount detected by the heat storage amount detector 6 is equal to or greater than the second threshold heat storage amount. Has been.
  • the fuel cell system 1 includes an auxiliary machine (not shown) for causing the fuel cell 4 to function in addition to the fuel cell 4.
  • auxiliary equipment a fuel gas supply device for supplying fuel gas to the fuel cell 4, an oxidant gas supply device for supplying oxidant gas to the fuel cell 4, a cooling system for cooling the fuel cell 4, and power generated by the fuel cell 4
  • the power regulator etc. which take out and supply to the exterior (load) etc. are illustrated.
  • a well-known fuel cell 4 can be used as the fuel cell 4, and examples thereof include a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, a solid oxide fuel cell, and a phosphoric acid fuel cell.
  • the combustion device 2 is a device that generates heat for burning the fuel gas for combustion to cover the heat demand from the heat load.
  • the combustion apparatus 2 burns combustion fuel gas supplied from a combustion fuel gas supply device (not shown) using an oxidant gas (for example, air) supplied from an oxidant gas supply device (not shown). Let The combustion amount of the combustion fuel gas in the combustion device 2 is controlled, for example, by controlling the supply amount of the combustion fuel gas.
  • Examples of the combustion device 2 include a boiler.
  • Examples of the heat load include a hot water supply system, a hot water heating system, and a shower.
  • the tank 3 is a device that stores hot water heated by the respective exhaust heat transmitted from the fuel cell system 1 and the combustion device 2 via the heat transfer mechanism 7.
  • the hot water stored in the tank 3 is supplied to the above-described heat load via a heat supply path (not shown).
  • the tank 3 is replenished with water from a water source (for example, city water) via a water supply path (not shown).
  • the heat transfer mechanism 7 and the tank 3 constitute a cooling system that cools the fuel cell 4 described above.
  • the heat transfer mechanism 7 may be configured by a heat medium circulation mechanism (see Embodiments 3 to 5) that circulates the heat medium or a heat medium movement mechanism that moves the heat medium in one direction.
  • the heat medium circulation mechanism includes, for example, a heat medium circulation path and a pump that circulates the heat medium.
  • the heat medium moving mechanism includes, for example, a heat medium moving path and a pump that moves the heat medium.
  • the heat medium for example, water (hot water) stored in the tank 3 may be used, or a heat medium different from the water (hot water) stored in the tank 3 may be used. In the latter case, for example, a heat exchanging section is provided for exchanging heat between the heat medium moving (circulating) in the heat medium moving path and water (hot water) stored in the tank 3.
  • the heat storage amount detector 6 is configured to detect the heat storage amount stored in the tank 3 directly or indirectly and output it to the control device 5. Indirectly detecting the amount of heat stored in the tank 3 means detecting the amount of heat stored in the tank 3 by detecting a physical quantity having a correlation with the amount of stored heat in the tank 3. As a case where the amount of heat stored in the tank 3 is detected indirectly, a mode of detecting the temperature of the tank 3 is exemplified.
  • the heat storage amount detector 6 is composed of, for example, a plurality of temperature sensors arranged at predetermined intervals in the vertical direction on the outer surface of the tank 3 (only one is illustrated in FIG. 1). .
  • the tank 3 is divided into a plurality of blocks in the vertical direction corresponding to the plurality of temperature sensors.
  • the control device 5 calculates the heat storage amount of each block based on the temperature detected by each temperature sensor, the volume (volume) of the block corresponding to each temperature sensor, and the heat capacity of water. And the control apparatus 5 calculates
  • the control device 5 is a device that controls the combustion device 2 so as to reduce the combustion amount of the combustion fuel gas when the heat storage amount detected by the heat storage amount detector 6 is equal to or greater than the first threshold heat storage amount.
  • the first threshold heat storage amount is set in the control device 5 in advance.
  • control device 5 is arbitrary.
  • the control device 5 may be arranged separately from the fuel cell system 1 and the combustion device 2, the control device 5 may be arranged in the fuel cell system 1, and the control device 5 is arranged in the combustion device 2. May be.
  • the control device 5 controls the operation of the combustion device 2 in the first embodiment.
  • the control device 5 may control the operation of the combustion device 2 and the operation of the fuel cell system 1.
  • the control device 5 only needs to have a control function, and includes, for example, a microcontroller, MPU, PLC (programmable logic controller), logic circuit, and the like.
  • the control device 5 may be configured by a single controller that performs centralized control, or may be configured by a plurality of controllers that perform distributed control in cooperation with each other.
  • the control device 5 may be composed of a controller that controls the operation of the combustion device 2 and a controller that controls the operation of the fuel cell system 1.
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of control of the combined heat and power system of FIG. This control is performed by the control device 5. This control is repeatedly performed at predetermined intervals.
  • the control device 5 causes the heat storage amount of the tank 3 detected by the heat storage amount detector 6 (hereinafter referred to as detected heat storage amount) to be equal to or greater than the first threshold heat storage amount. It is determined whether or not (step S1). Specifically, a maximum heat storage amount that can be stored in the tank 3 (hereinafter referred to as a full heat storage amount) is defined. The full heat storage amount is determined based on, for example, the maximum temperature defined for hot water stored in the tank 3 and the volume of the tank 3. When the detected heat storage amount reaches this full heat storage amount, the fuel cell system 1 is stopped. This is because the exhaust heat generated simultaneously with power generation cannot be recovered and used effectively, and the energy saving performance of the fuel cell system 1 is reduced.
  • the first threshold heat storage amount is set to a heat storage amount smaller than the full heat storage amount.
  • step S1 When the detected heat storage amount is less than the first threshold heat storage amount (NO in step S1), the control device 5 controls the combustion operation of the combustion device 2 as usual (step S2), and ends this control. Arbitrary forms can be adopted as normal control of this combustion operation. For example, the control device 5 continues the combustion operation of the combustion device 2 until the detected heat storage amount reaches the full heat storage amount without changing the combustion amount of the combustion fuel gas in the combustion device 2. When the detected heat storage amount reaches the full heat storage amount, the control device 5 stops the combustion operation of the combustion device 2.
  • the control device 5 reduces the combustion amount of the fuel gas for combustion in the combustion device 2 (step S3), and performs this control. finish.
  • the combustion amount of the combustion fuel gas in the combustion device 2 is The combustion amount before the first threshold heat storage amount or more is reduced.
  • step S2 After the combustion amount of the combustion fuel gas in the combustion device 2 is reduced, if a heat demand or the like due to a heat load occurs, the detected heat storage amount decreases. As a result, when the detected heat storage amount falls below the first threshold heat storage amount (NO in step S1), the combustion operation of the combustion device 2 returns to normal control (step S2).
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of control of the combined heat and power system according to the first modification of the first embodiment.
  • the first modification is different from the first embodiment in the following points, and the other is the same as the first embodiment.
  • a second threshold heat storage amount which will be described later, is set in advance in the control device 5.
  • the control device 5 controls the combustion operation of the combustion device 2 as usual. (Step S2), and this control is finished. Since the normal control of the combustion operation is the same as that of the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.
  • the control device 5 stops the combustion operation in the combustion device 2 (step S5).
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an example of control of the combined heat and power system according to the second modification of the first embodiment.
  • the second modification is different from the first embodiment in the following points, and the others are the same as in the first embodiment. The differences will be described below.
  • the control device 5 is configured to control the operation of the combustion device 2 and the operation of the fuel cell system 1.
  • the control device 5 is preset with a second threshold heat storage amount.
  • the second threshold heat storage amount is set to a heat storage amount that is larger than the first threshold heat storage amount and smaller than the full heat storage amount.
  • steps S4 to S6 in FIG. 3 are further performed.
  • step S1 when the detected heat storage amount is equal to or greater than the first threshold heat storage amount (YES in step S1), the control device 5 decreases the combustion amount of the combustion fuel gas in the combustion device 2 (step S3). ). Thereafter, it is determined whether or not the detected heat storage amount is equal to or greater than the second threshold heat storage amount (step S4).
  • the control device 5 When the detected heat storage amount is less than the second threshold heat storage amount (NO in step S4), the control device 5 performs control in a state where the combustion amount of the combustion fuel gas in the combustion device 2 is reduced (step S6). End control.
  • the above control is executed at a predetermined time interval, so that the combustion fuel in the combustion device 2 can be obtained.
  • the amount of combustion of gas is reduced from the amount of combustion before the first threshold heat storage amount or more.
  • step S4 if the detected heat storage amount is greater than or equal to the second threshold heat storage amount (YES in step S4), the combustion operation in the combustion device 2 is stopped (step S5), and this control is terminated.
  • the amount of exhaust heat from the combustion device 2 is further reduced, and the time until the detected heat storage amount reaches the full heat storage amount is reduced. It will be longer. As a result, the power generation time of the fuel cell system 1 becomes longer, and the energy saving performance of the combined heat and power system 100A is further suppressed.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example of control of the combined heat and power system according to the third modification of the first embodiment.
  • the third modification is different from the first embodiment in the following points, and is otherwise the same as the first embodiment. The differences will be described below.
  • the control device 5 is configured to control the operation of the combustion device 2 and the operation of the fuel cell system 1.
  • the control device 5 is preset with a third threshold heat storage amount to be described later.
  • the third threshold heat storage amount is set to a heat storage amount that is larger than the first threshold heat storage amount and smaller than the full heat storage amount.
  • steps S7 to S9 are further performed.
  • the control device 5 when the detected heat storage amount is equal to or greater than the first threshold heat storage amount (YES in step S1), the control device 5 reduces the combustion amount of the combustion fuel gas in the combustion device 2 (step S3). ). Thereafter, the control device 5 determines whether or not the detected heat storage amount is equal to or greater than the third threshold heat storage amount (step S7).
  • the control device 5 controls the power generation operation of the fuel cell system 1 as usual (step S8), and ends this control.
  • a normal control of the power generation operation of the fuel cell system 1 any form can be adopted.
  • the control device 5 controls the generated power in the fuel cell system 1 according to the power demand of an external power load.
  • the control device 5 stops the power generation operation of the fuel cell system 1.
  • the control device 5 decreases the amount of generated power in the fuel cell system 1 (step S9), and ends this control.
  • the control device 5 decreases the amount of generated power in the fuel cell system 1 (step S9), and ends this control.
  • the detected heat storage amount exceeds the third threshold heat storage amount
  • the amount of exhaust heat from the combustion device 2 and the amount of exhaust heat from the fuel cell system 1 both decrease.
  • the time until the detected heat storage amount reaches the full heat storage amount becomes longer.
  • the power generation time of the fuel cell system 1 becomes longer, and the energy saving performance of the combined heat and power system 100A is further suppressed.
  • the third threshold heat storage amount of the third modification may be set smaller than the first threshold heat storage amount.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an example of control of the combined heat and power system according to the fourth modification of the first embodiment.
  • the fourth modification is different from the first embodiment in the following points, and is otherwise the same as the first embodiment. The differences will be described below.
  • the control device 5 is configured to control the operation of the combustion device 2 and the operation of the fuel cell system 1.
  • the control device 5 is preset with a third threshold heat storage amount to be described later.
  • the first threshold heat storage amount is set to a heat storage amount that is larger than the third threshold heat storage amount and smaller than the full heat storage amount.
  • the control device 5 determines whether or not the detected heat storage amount is equal to or greater than the third threshold heat storage amount (step S7).
  • the control device 5 controls the power generation operation of the fuel cell system 1 as usual (step S8), and ends this control. Since the normal control of the power generation operation is the same as that of the above-described modification example 3, the description thereof is omitted.
  • step S7 when the detected heat storage amount is greater than or equal to the third threshold heat storage amount (YES in step S7), the control device 5 decreases the generated power amount in the fuel cell system 1 (step S9). Thereafter, the control device 5 determines whether or not the detected heat storage amount is equal to or greater than the first threshold heat storage amount (step S1).
  • step S1 When the detected heat storage amount is less than the first threshold heat storage amount (NO in step S1), the control device 5 controls the combustion operation of the combustion device 2 as usual (step S2), and ends this control. Since the normal control of this combustion operation is the same as that in the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.
  • the control device 5 reduces the combustion amount of the fuel gas for combustion in the combustion device 2 (step S3), and performs this control. finish.
  • the amount of exhaust heat from the combustion device 2 and the amount of exhaust heat from the fuel cell system 1 both decrease, and the time until the detected heat storage amount reaches the full heat storage amount becomes longer.
  • the power generation time of the fuel cell system 1 becomes longer, and a decrease in energy saving performance of the combined heat and power system 100A is suppressed.
  • the third threshold heat storage amount and the first threshold heat storage amount of the third modification may be set to the same heat storage amount.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing an example of control of the combined heat and power system in the fifth modification of the first embodiment.
  • the first threshold heat storage amount and the third threshold heat storage amount of Modification 3 are set to the same heat storage amount.
  • the control device 5 determines whether or not the detected heat storage amount is equal to or greater than the first threshold heat accumulation amount, that is, the third threshold heat accumulation amount ( Step S10).
  • step S10 When the detected heat storage amount is less than the first threshold heat storage amount (NO in step S10), the control device 5 controls the combustion operation of the combustion device 2 and the power generation operation of the fuel cell system 1 as usual (step S11). ), This control is terminated. Since the normal control of the combustion operation is the same as that of the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted. Since the normal control of the power generation operation is the same as that of the above-described modification example 3, the description thereof is omitted.
  • the control device 5 reduces the combustion amount of the fuel gas for combustion in the combustion device 2 and generates power in the fuel cell system 1. The amount is decreased (step S12), and this control is terminated.
  • the amount of exhaust heat from the combustion device 2 and the amount of exhaust heat from the fuel cell system 1 both decrease, and the time until the detected heat storage amount reaches the full heat storage amount becomes longer.
  • the power generation time of the fuel cell system 1 becomes longer, and the energy saving performance of the combined heat and power system 100A is further suppressed.
  • ⁇ Modification 6> As a sixth modification of the first embodiment, the combustion in the combustion device 2 in step S3 of the third modification (FIG. 5), step S3 of the fourth modification (FIG. 6), or step S12 of the fifth modification (FIG. 7).
  • the combustion operation of the combustion device 2 may be stopped instead of reducing the combustion amount of the fuel gas for use. Thereby, the same effect as the modification 3, the modification 4, or the modification 5 is acquired.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing an example of control of the combined heat and power system according to the seventh modification of the first embodiment.
  • the present modified example 7 is different from the first embodiment in the following points, and is otherwise the same as the first embodiment. The differences will be described below.
  • the control device 5 is configured to control the operation of the combustion device 2 and the operation of the fuel cell system 1.
  • the control device 5 is preset with a second threshold heat storage amount and a third threshold heat storage amount which will be described later.
  • the second threshold heat storage amount is set to a heat storage amount that is larger than the first threshold heat storage amount and smaller than the full heat storage amount.
  • the third threshold heat storage amount is set to a heat storage amount that is greater than the second threshold heat storage amount and less than the full heat storage amount.
  • Step S7 of Modification 2 in FIG. 4 is performed, Steps S7 to S9 of FIG. 5 in Modification 3 are further performed.
  • the control device 5 decreases the combustion amount of the combustion fuel gas in the combustion device 2 (step S3). Then, it is determined whether or not the detected heat storage amount is equal to or greater than the second threshold heat storage amount (step S4).
  • step S1 When the detected heat storage amount is less than the first threshold heat storage amount (NO in step S1), the control device 5 controls the combustion operation of the combustion device 2 as usual (step S2), and ends this control. Since the normal control of the combustion operation is the same as that of the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.
  • control device 5 performs control in a state where the combustion amount of the combustion fuel gas in the combustion device 2 is reduced (step S6). This control is finished.
  • step S4 when the detected heat storage amount is greater than or equal to the second threshold heat storage amount (YES in step S4), the combustion operation in the combustion device 2 is stopped (step S5), and then the detected heat storage amount is greater than or equal to the third threshold heat storage amount. It is determined whether or not (step S7).
  • step S7 When the detected heat storage amount is less than the third threshold heat storage amount (NO in step S7), the control device 5 controls the power generation operation of the fuel cell system 1 as usual (step S8), and ends this control. Since normal control of the power generation operation of the fuel cell system 1 is the same as that of the third modification, the description thereof is omitted.
  • the control device 5 decreases the amount of generated power in the fuel cell system 1 (step S9), and ends this control.
  • the amount of exhaust heat from the combustion device 2 and the amount of exhaust heat from the fuel cell system 1 both decrease, and the time until the detected heat storage amount reaches the full heat storage amount becomes longer.
  • the power generation time of the fuel cell system 1 becomes longer, and the energy saving performance of the combined heat and power system 100A is further suppressed.
  • the third threshold heat storage amount of Modification 7 may be set to be larger than the first threshold heat storage amount and smaller than the second threshold heat storage amount. Further, the third threshold heat storage amount of the modified example 7 may be set to be smaller than the first threshold heat storage amount. Thereby, the same effect as that of the modified example 7 can be obtained.
  • the third threshold heat storage amount and the second threshold heat storage amount of the modification example 7 may be set to the same heat storage amount.
  • the control device 5 when the detected heat storage amount is less than the second threshold heat storage amount, that is, the third threshold heat storage amount, the control device 5 has reduced the combustion amount of the combustion fuel gas in the combustion device 2 And the power generation operation of the fuel cell system 1 is controlled as usual, and this control is terminated.
  • the control device 5 stops the combustion operation in the combustion device 2 and generates power in the fuel cell system 1. And finish this control.
  • the third threshold heat storage amount and the first threshold heat storage amount of Modification 7 may be set to the same heat storage amount.
  • the control device 5 when the detected heat storage amount is less than the first threshold heat storage amount, that is, the third threshold heat storage amount, the control device 5 performs the combustion operation of the combustion device 2 and the power generation operation of the fuel cell system 1. Control is performed as usual, and this control is terminated.
  • the control device 5 reduces the combustion amount of the fuel gas for combustion in the combustion device 2 and the fuel cell system 1. Then, it is determined whether or not the detected heat storage amount is equal to or greater than the second threshold heat storage amount.
  • FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating an example of control of the combined heat and power system according to the eleventh modification of the first embodiment.
  • the present modification 11 is different from the first embodiment in the following points, and the others are the same as those in the first embodiment. The differences will be described below.
  • a seventh threshold heat storage amount to be described later is preset in the control device 5.
  • the seventh threshold heat storage amount is set to a heat storage amount smaller than the first threshold heat storage amount.
  • steps S13 and S14 are performed instead of step S2 in FIG.
  • the control device 5 determines whether or not the detected heat storage amount is less than the seventh threshold heat storage amount. (Step S13).
  • the control device 5 ends this control.
  • the control device 5 increases the combustion amount of the fuel gas for combustion in the combustion device 2 (step S14), and performs this control. finish.
  • the combustion amount of the fuel gas for combustion is less than the seventh threshold heat storage amount. It is increased from the previous combustion amount.
  • increasing the combustion amount of the combustion fuel gas means not only that the combustion device 2 increases the combustion amount of the combustion fuel gas during the combustion operation, but also the combustion operation from the stop state of the combustion operation. Initiating combustion of the combustion fuel gas to transition to the state is also included.
  • the detected heat storage amount is less than the seventh threshold heat storage amount which is smaller than the first threshold heat storage amount
  • the amount of exhaust heat from the combustion device 2 increases and the heat storage amount of the tank 3 increases.
  • the combustion amount of the combustion fuel gas in the combustion device 2 is reduced.
  • the heat storage amount of the tank 3 is less than the first threshold heat storage amount and greater than or equal to the seventh threshold heat storage amount
  • the combustion amount of the combustion fuel gas in the combustion device 2 is maintained as it is.
  • a range less than the first threshold heat storage amount and greater than or equal to the seventh threshold heat storage amount is a dead zone.
  • the heat storage amount of the tank 3 becomes less than the seventh threshold heat storage amount
  • the combustion amount of the combustion fuel gas in the combustion device 2 is increased. Therefore, the heat storage amount of the tank 3 is stably controlled based on the detected heat storage amount.
  • the seventh threshold heat storage amount in Modification 11 is the first threshold heat storage amount, the second threshold heat storage amount, and the third threshold value in Modifications 1 to 10. It may be set as a heat storage amount smaller than any heat storage amount. That is, in Modification 1 to Modification 10, the seventh threshold heat storage amount is set as a heat storage amount smaller than any of the first threshold heat storage amount, the second threshold heat storage amount, and the third threshold heat storage amount. Is set, and steps S13 and S14 of FIG. 9 are performed.
  • FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating an example of control of the combined heat and power system according to the thirteenth modification of the first embodiment.
  • the present modified example 13 is different from the first embodiment in the following points, and is otherwise the same as the first embodiment. The differences will be described below.
  • the control device 5 is configured to control the operation of the combustion device 2 and the operation of the fuel cell system 1.
  • the control device 5 is preset with a third threshold heat storage amount and a fourth threshold heat storage amount which will be described later.
  • the fourth threshold heat storage amount is set to a heat storage amount smaller than the third threshold heat storage amount.
  • the fourth threshold heat storage amount is set to a heat storage amount larger than the first threshold heat storage amount.
  • Step S30 to S32 are further performed. Note that steps S7 to S9 shown in FIG. 15 are the same as steps S7 to S9 shown in FIG.
  • the control device 5 decreases the generated power amount in the fuel cell system 1 (step S9), and then the detected heat storage amount is the first. It is determined whether it is less than 4 threshold heat storage amount (step S30).
  • control device 5 When the detected heat storage amount exceeds the fourth threshold heat storage amount (NO in step S30), the control device 5 performs control in a state where the power generation amount in the fuel cell system 1 is reduced (step S31), and ends this control. To do.
  • the control device 5 increases the amount of generated power in the fuel cell system 1 (step S32) and ends this control.
  • the control device 5 increases the amount of generated power in the fuel cell system 1 (step S32) and ends this control.
  • the detected heat storage amount is less than the fourth threshold heat storage amount, the amount of generated power in the fuel cell system 1 increases.
  • the greater the amount of generated power the higher the efficiency, so that the energy saving performance of the combined heat and power system 100B can be improved.
  • the generated power amount increases in a state where the combustion amount of the fuel gas is reduced. For this reason, since the power generation of the fuel cell system 1 is prioritized over the combustion of the combustion device 2, the energy saving performance as the combined heat and power system 100B is further improved.
  • the amount of heat stored in the tank 3 decreases due to the consumption of hot water in the tank 3, the amount of generated power in the fuel cell system 1 increases, and the accompanying heat exhaust from the fuel cell system 1 also increases. Therefore, the amount of heat stored in the tank 3 can be supplemented according to the consumption of hot water in the tank 3.
  • the amount of heat stored in the tank 3 is equal to or greater than the third threshold heat storage amount
  • the amount of power generated in the fuel cell system 1 is reduced while the amount of combustion fuel gas in the combustion device 2 is reduced.
  • the heat storage amount of the tank 3 is less than the third threshold heat storage amount and equal to or greater than the fourth threshold heat storage amount
  • the state in which the fuel gas combustion amount and the generated power amount are reduced is maintained.
  • the amount of exhaust heat from the combustion device 2 and the amount of exhaust heat from the fuel cell system 1 both decrease, and the time until the detected heat storage amount reaches the full heat storage amount becomes longer.
  • the power generation time of the fuel cell system 1 becomes longer, and the energy saving performance of the combined heat and power system 100A is further suppressed.
  • the range below the third threshold heat storage amount and above the fourth threshold heat storage amount becomes a dead zone. Therefore, the heat storage amount of the tank 3 is stably controlled based on the detected heat storage amount.
  • FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the control of the combined heat and power system according to the modification 14 of the first embodiment.
  • the present modified example 14 is different from the first embodiment in the following points, and is otherwise the same as the first embodiment. The differences will be described below.
  • control device 5 is configured to control the operation of the combustion device 2 and the operation of the fuel cell system 1. Further, the control device 5 is preset with third to fifth threshold heat storage amounts described later. Here, the fifth threshold heat storage amount is set to a heat storage amount larger than the third threshold heat storage amount.
  • Step S9 of Modification 3 in FIG. 5 As shown in FIG. 16, in Modification 14, after Step S9 of Modification 3 in FIG. 5 is performed, Steps S30 to S32 and Steps S40 and S41 are further performed. Note that steps S7 to S9 shown in FIG. 16 are the same as steps S7 to S9 shown in FIG.
  • step S7 when the detected heat storage amount is equal to or greater than the third threshold heat storage amount (YES in step S7), the control device 5 decreases the generated power amount in the fuel cell system 1 (step S9), and then the detected heat storage amount is the first. It is determined whether it is less than 5 threshold heat storage amount (step S40).
  • the control device 5 stops the power generation operation in the fuel cell system 1 (step S41) and ends this control.
  • the control device 5 determines whether or not the detected heat storage amount is less than the fourth threshold heat storage amount (step S30). .
  • control device 5 When the detected heat storage amount exceeds the fourth threshold heat storage amount (NO in step S30), the control device 5 performs control in a state where the power generation amount in the fuel cell system 1 is reduced (step S31), and ends this control. To do.
  • the control device 5 increases the amount of generated power in the fuel cell system 1 (step S32) and ends this control. To do.
  • the control device 5 increases the amount of generated power in the fuel cell system 1 (step S32) and ends this control. To do.
  • the above control is executed at predetermined time intervals, if the detected heat storage amount is less than the fourth threshold heat storage amount, the power generation before the generated power amount is less than the fourth threshold heat storage amount. Increased from the amount of power.
  • the detected heat storage amount is equal to or greater than the fifth threshold heat storage amount, the power generation operation in the fuel cell system 1 is stopped. Therefore, since the exhaust heat from the fuel cell system 1 is not wasted, energy resources in power generation are effectively used, and an increase in power generation cost can be suppressed.
  • the detected heat storage amount is less than the fourth threshold heat storage amount, the amount of generated power in the fuel cell system 1 increases.
  • the greater the amount of generated power the higher the efficiency, so that the energy saving performance of the combined heat and power system 100B can be improved.
  • the amount of heat stored in the tank 3 decreases due to the consumption of hot water in the tank 3, the amount of generated power in the fuel cell system 1 increases, and the exhaust heat from the fuel cell system 1 accompanying this increases. Therefore, the amount of heat stored in the tank 3 can be supplemented according to the consumption of hot water in the tank 3.
  • the detected heat storage amount is equal to or greater than the fourth threshold heat storage amount and less than the fifth threshold heat storage amount, the state in which the combustion amount of fuel gas and the amount of generated power are reduced is maintained. For this reason, the time until the detected heat storage amount reaches the full heat storage amount becomes longer, and the decrease in energy saving of the combined heat and power system 100A is further suppressed.
  • FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating an example of control of the combined heat and power system according to the fifteenth modification of the first embodiment.
  • the present modified example 15 is different from the first embodiment in the following points, and is otherwise the same as the first embodiment. The differences will be described below.
  • control device 5 is configured to control the operation of the combustion device 2 and the operation of the fuel cell system 1.
  • the control device 5 is preset with third to sixth threshold heat storage amounts to be described later.
  • the sixth threshold heat storage amount is set to a heat storage amount smaller than the fifth threshold heat storage amount.
  • the sixth threshold heat storage amount is set to a heat storage amount larger than the third threshold heat storage amount.
  • Steps S50 and S51 are further performed.
  • steps S7 to S9 shown in FIG. 17 are the same as steps S7 to S9 shown in FIG.
  • steps S30 to S32 shown in FIG. 17 are the same as steps S30 to S32 shown in FIG.
  • steps S40 and S41 shown in FIG. 17 are the same as steps S40 and S41 shown in FIG.
  • step S40 when the detected heat storage amount is equal to or greater than the fifth threshold heat storage amount (YES in step S40), the control device 5 stops the power generation operation in the fuel cell system 1 (step S41), and then the detected heat storage amount is the first. It is determined whether it is less than 6 threshold heat storage amount (step S50).
  • the control device 5 stops the power generation operation in the fuel cell system 1 and reduces the combustion amount of the fuel gas in the combustion device 2 (Step S51), and this control is finished.
  • the control device 5 starts the power generation operation in the fuel cell system 1 (step S52), and ends this control.
  • the power generation in the fuel cell system 1 is stopped and the detected heat storage amount is less than the sixth threshold heat storage amount, the power generation in the fuel cell system 1 is started. Therefore, as the hot water in the tank 3 is consumed, electric power is generated, and the hot water in the tank 3 is heated by the heat accompanying power generation, so that the power load and the heat load are covered.
  • the energy saving performance of the combined heat and power system 100B can be improved.
  • the energy saving performance of the combined heat and power system 100A is further suppressed.
  • FIG. 18 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the control of the combined heat and power system according to the sixteenth modification of the first embodiment.
  • the present modification 16 is different from the first embodiment in the following points, and the other points are the same as those in the first embodiment. The differences will be described below.
  • control device 5 is configured to control the operation of the combustion device 2 and the operation of the fuel cell system 1. Further, the control device 5 is preset with third to seventh threshold heat storage amounts described later. Here, the seventh threshold heat storage amount is set to a heat storage amount smaller than the first threshold heat storage amount.
  • Steps S7 to S9 shown in FIG. 18 are the same as steps S7 to S9 shown in FIG.
  • steps S30 to S32 shown in FIG. 18 are the same as steps S30 to S32 shown in FIG.
  • steps S40 and S41 shown in FIG. 18 are the same as steps S40 and S41 shown in FIG.
  • steps S50 to S52 shown in FIG. 18 are the same as steps S50 to S52 shown in FIG.
  • the control device 5 controls the power generation operation of the fuel cell system 1 as usual (step S8), and then the detected heat storage amount. Is less than the seventh threshold heat storage amount (step S13).
  • control device 5 When the detected heat storage amount exceeds the seventh threshold heat storage amount (NO in step S13), the control device 5 performs control in a state where the combustion amount of the fuel gas in the combustion device 2 is reduced (step S15). finish.
  • the control device 5 increases the combustion amount of the fuel gas for combustion in the combustion device 2 (step S14), and performs this control. finish.
  • the combustion amount of the combustion fuel gas is less than the fourth threshold heat storage amount. It is increased from the previous combustion amount.
  • the detected heat storage amount is equal to or greater than the first threshold heat storage amount and less than the seventh threshold heat storage amount
  • the fuel gas combustion amount of the combustion device 2 increases while power generation is normally performed in the fuel cell system 1.
  • the hot water in the tank 3 is consumed, the hot water in the tank 3 is heated by the exhaust heat from the fuel cell system 1 and the exhaust heat from the combustion device 2. For this reason, hot water is stably supplied from the tank 3.
  • the fuel cell system 1 covers the power load and the heat load.
  • the energy saving performance of the combined heat and power system 100B can be improved.
  • the energy saving performance of the combined heat and power system 100A is further suppressed.
  • the fourth threshold heat storage amount in the modification examples 14 to 16 may not be set. In this case, the processes in steps S30 to S32 of FIGS. 16 to 18 are not performed.
  • Modification 18 The third threshold heat storage amount in Modifications 13 to 16 may not be set. In this case, the processes in steps S7 to S9 in FIGS. 15 to 18 are not performed.
  • Modification 20> The third, fifth, and sixth threshold heat storage amounts in Modification 16 may not be set. In this case, steps S7 to S9, S40, S41, and S50 to S52 in FIG. 18 are not performed.
  • step S31 the control device 5 “controls the power generation operation of the fuel cell system 1 as usual” instead of “control the power generation amount in the fuel cell system 1 reduced”.
  • the third, fourth, and sixth threshold heat storage amounts in the modification 16 may not be set. In this case, steps S7 to S9, S30 to S32, and S50 to S52 in FIG. 18 are not performed.
  • step S40 when the detected heat storage amount is less than the fifth threshold heat storage amount (NO), the control device 5 performs control in a state where the generated power amount in the fuel cell system 1 is reduced, and ends this control. To do.
  • the second threshold heat storage amount may be compared with the detected heat storage amount.
  • the processes in steps S1 to S3 instead of the processes in steps S4 to S6 in FIG. 2 are performed.
  • the fourth threshold heat storage amount is set to be larger than the second threshold heat storage amount.
  • the seventh threshold heat storage amount is set smaller than the second threshold heat storage amount.
  • the second threshold heat storage amount may be compared with the detected heat storage amount.
  • the processes of steps S1 to S3 are performed as in Modification 2 of FIG.
  • the fourth threshold heat storage amount is set to be larger than the first and second threshold heat storage amounts.
  • the seventh threshold heat storage amount is set smaller than the first and second threshold heat storage amounts.
  • the first threshold heat storage amount is set smaller than the third threshold heat storage amount.
  • the 1st threshold heat storage amount may be set larger than the 3rd threshold heat storage amount like the modification 4 of FIG.
  • the first threshold heat storage amount may be set equal to the third threshold heat storage amount as in Modification 5 of FIG. Thereby, the effect similar to the modification 4, 5 is acquired.
  • the second threshold heat storage amount is set smaller than the third threshold heat storage amount.
  • the second threshold heat storage amount may be set larger than the third threshold heat storage amount.
  • the second threshold heat storage amount may be set equal to the third threshold heat storage amount.
  • the second threshold heat storage amount is set smaller than the third threshold heat storage amount
  • the first threshold heat storage amount is set smaller than the second threshold heat storage amount.
  • the second threshold heat storage amount may be set larger than or equal to the third threshold heat storage amount.
  • the first threshold heat storage amount may be set to be greater than or equal to the second threshold heat storage amount.
  • the fourth threshold heat storage amount may be set smaller than the first and / or second threshold heat storage amount.
  • the fifth and / or sixth threshold heat storage amount may be set smaller than the third threshold heat storage amount.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a combined heat and power system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • the combined heat and power system 100B of the second embodiment is different from the combined heat and power system 100A of the first embodiment in the following points, and is otherwise the same as the combined heat and power system 100A of the first embodiment. is there.
  • the cogeneration system 100B of the second embodiment further includes a heat usage predictor 21 that predicts the usage of heat stored in the tank 3. And the control apparatus 5 makes 1st low threshold heat storage amount as 1st threshold heat storage amount, when the predicted heat use amount which is the heat use amount estimated by the heat use amount predictor 21 is less than the predetermined heat use amount.
  • the second low threshold heat storage amount is used as the second threshold heat storage amount and the predicted heat usage amount is equal to or greater than the predetermined heat usage amount
  • the first high threshold heat storage amount that is larger than the first low threshold heat storage amount The amount is used as the first threshold heat storage amount
  • the second high threshold heat storage amount larger than the second low threshold heat storage amount is used as the second threshold heat storage amount.
  • the control device 5 uses the third low threshold heat storage amount as the third threshold heat storage amount, and the predicted heat use amount is equal to or greater than the predetermined heat use amount.
  • the third high threshold heat storage amount larger than the third low threshold heat storage amount is used as the third threshold heat storage amount.
  • the control device 5 uses the fourth low threshold heat storage amount as the fourth threshold heat storage amount, and the predicted heat utilization amount is equal to or greater than the predetermined heat utilization amount.
  • the fourth high threshold heat storage amount larger than the fourth low threshold heat storage amount is used as the fourth threshold heat storage amount.
  • the control device 5 uses the fifth low threshold heat storage amount as the fifth threshold heat storage amount, and when the predicted heat use amount is equal to or greater than the predetermined heat use amount, The fifth high threshold heat storage amount larger than the fifth low threshold heat storage amount is configured to be used as the fifth threshold heat storage amount.
  • the control device 5 uses the sixth low threshold heat storage amount as the sixth threshold heat storage amount, and the predicted heat use amount is equal to or greater than the predetermined heat use amount.
  • the sixth high threshold heat storage amount larger than the sixth low threshold heat storage amount is used as the sixth threshold heat storage amount.
  • the control device 5 uses the seventh low threshold heat storage amount as the seventh threshold heat storage amount, and when the predicted heat use amount is equal to or greater than the predetermined heat use amount, The seventh high threshold heat storage amount larger than the seventh low threshold heat storage amount is configured to be used as the seventh threshold heat storage amount.
  • the heat usage predictor 21 is realized by the control device 5 functioning as a heat usage predictor.
  • the heat utilization amount predictor 21 may be realized by another arithmetic unit or the like. Prediction of heat utilization in the heat utilization predictor 21 can be performed using a known method. As a well-known method for predicting heat utilization, prediction based on heat utilization statistical data, prediction based on learning control, and the like are exemplified.
  • the predetermined heat use amount is a threshold heat use amount serving as a reference for selectively using at least one threshold heat storage amount among the first to seventh threshold heat storage amounts as a low threshold heat storage amount and a high threshold heat storage amount, and is appropriately determined. It is done.
  • the predetermined heat utilization amount is preset in the control device 5.
  • the low threshold heat storage amount is a threshold heat storage amount used as at least one threshold heat storage amount among the first to seventh threshold heat storage amounts when the predicted heat use amount is less than the predetermined heat use amount, and is determined as appropriate. It is done.
  • the high threshold heat storage amount is used as at least one threshold heat storage amount among the first to seventh threshold heat storage amounts when the predicted heat use amount is equal to or greater than the predetermined heat use amount.
  • the high threshold heat storage amount is a threshold heat storage amount larger than the low threshold heat storage amount, and is appropriately determined.
  • the low threshold heat storage amount and the high threshold heat storage amount may be set in advance as a threshold heat storage amount for less than a predetermined heat usage amount and a threshold heat storage amount for a predetermined heat usage amount or more.
  • the threshold heat storage amount and the predetermined heat usage amount for less than the predetermined heat usage amount are used.
  • the threshold heat storage amount for the above may be set respectively.
  • FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an example of control of the combined heat and power system of FIG.
  • all of the first to third and seventh threshold heat storage amounts are selectively used for the low threshold heat storage amount and the high threshold heat storage amount.
  • any one or more threshold heat storage amounts among the first to third and seventh threshold heat storage amounts can be used separately for the low threshold heat storage amount and the high threshold heat storage amount.
  • control device 5 first determines whether or not the predicted heat use amount is less than a predetermined heat use amount (step S21).
  • the control device 5 sets the first to third and seventh threshold heat storage amounts to the low threshold heat storage amount (step S23). Thereafter, the control device 5 uses the first to third and seventh threshold heat storage amounts respectively consisting of the first to third and seventh low threshold heat storage amounts to perform the combustion operation of the combustion device 2 and the fuel cell system. 1 power generation operation is controlled.
  • the control device 5 sets the first to third threshold heat storage amounts to the high threshold heat storage amount (step S22). Thereafter, the control device 5 uses the first to third and seventh threshold heat storage amounts respectively consisting of the first to third and seventh high threshold heat storage amounts to perform the combustion operation of the combustion device 2 and the fuel cell system. 1 power generation operation is controlled.
  • step S22 and step S23 are the same as that described in the first embodiment and the first to twelfth modification examples of the first embodiment, the outline will be briefly described below.
  • control device 5 reduces the combustion amount of the combustion fuel gas in the combustion device 2 when the detected heat storage amount is equal to or greater than the first threshold heat storage amount (YES in step S1) (step S3).
  • the control device 5 stops the combustion operation in the combustion device 2 (step S5).
  • the control device 5 decreases the generated power amount in the fuel cell system 1 (step S9).
  • the control device 5 When the detected heat storage amount is less than the second threshold heat storage amount (NO in step S4), the control device 5 performs control in a state where the combustion amount of the combustion fuel gas in the combustion device 2 is reduced (step S6). When the detected heat storage amount is less than the third threshold heat storage amount (NO in step S7), the control device 5 controls the power generation operation of the fuel cell system 1 as usual (step S8). When the detected heat storage amount is less than the first threshold heat storage amount and less than the seventh threshold heat storage amount (NO in step S1, YES in step S13), the control device 5 burns the combustion fuel gas in the combustion device 2 Is increased (step S14).
  • the predicted heat use amount when the predicted heat use amount is equal to or greater than the predetermined heat use amount, the first threshold heat storage amount, the second threshold heat storage amount, and the third threshold value.
  • the value of the threshold heat storage amount is set larger than in the case where the predicted heat use amount is less than the predetermined heat use amount.
  • the increase in the threshold heat storage amount of the tank 3 can be suppressed by using the heat stored in the tank 3. Therefore, it is possible to extend the time until the threshold heat storage amount of the tank 3 reaches the full heat storage amount.
  • the amount of power generated by the fuel cell system 1 can be reduced. Electric power generation can be continued without lowering. Since the fuel cell system 1 has higher efficiency as the amount of generated power is larger, the energy saving performance of the combined heat and power system 100B can be improved.
  • the value of the threshold heat storage amount is set to be large for at least one threshold heat storage amount among the first threshold heat storage amount, the second threshold heat storage amount, the third threshold heat storage amount, and the seventh threshold heat storage amount.
  • the control method of the combustion device 2 and the fuel cell system 1 by the control device 5 based on the first to seventh threshold heat storage amounts is the same as in the first embodiment and the first embodiment.
  • the control method described in Modifications 1 to 27 may be used.
  • the control device 5 changes the first to seventh threshold heat storage amounts to the low threshold heat storage amount.
  • Set (step S24) Thereafter, the control device 5 controls the combustion operation of the combustion device 2 and the power generation operation of the fuel cell system 1 using the first to seventh threshold heat storage amounts respectively consisting of the first to seventh low threshold heat storage amounts. To do.
  • the control device 5 sets the first to seventh threshold heat storage amounts to the high threshold heat storage amount (step S25). Thereafter, the control device 5 controls the combustion operation of the combustion device 2 and the power generation operation of the fuel cell system 1 using the first to seventh threshold heat storage amounts respectively consisting of the first to seventh high threshold heat storage amounts. To do.
  • step S24 and step S25 are the same as that described in the first embodiment and the first to 27th modifications of the first embodiment, the description thereof will be omitted. Thereby, the same effect as in the second embodiment can be obtained.
  • the heat utilization amount predictor 21 is realized by the control device 5 that controls at least one of the fuel cell system 1 and the combustion device 2, but is not limited thereto.
  • the heat usage predictor 21 may be realized by a device provided separately from the control device 5.
  • the third embodiment of the present invention shows an example of a specific configuration of the heat transfer mechanism 7 in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a combined heat and power system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • illustration of the fuel cell and the control device is omitted.
  • the cogeneration system 100C of the third embodiment includes a first heat medium circulation path 11, a first pump 22A, and a second heat medium as the heat transfer mechanism 7 (see FIG. 1).
  • a circulation path 12 and a second pump 22B are provided.
  • the first heat medium circulation path 11 is provided so as to pass through the fuel cell system 1 and the tank 3 so that the first heat medium heats the hot water in the tank 3 by the exhaust heat recovered from the fuel cell system 1. It is configured to circulate.
  • the second heat medium circulation path 12 is provided so as to pass through the combustion device 2 and the tank 3, and circulates so that the second heat medium heats hot water in the tank 3 by exhaust heat recovered from the combustion device 2. It is configured to
  • the first heat medium circulation path 11 is provided so as to exchange heat with cooling water (not shown) passing through the inside of the fuel cell 4 (see FIG. 1), for example.
  • route 11 is formed in coil shape, for example.
  • a first pump 22A is provided on the first heat medium circulation path 11, and the first heat medium is circulated in the first heat medium circulation path 11 by the first pump 22A.
  • the In the first heat medium circulation path 11 configured as described above, the first heat medium is heated by exchanging heat with the fuel cell 4 (see FIG. 1), thereby recovering the exhaust heat and raising the temperature. To do. Then, the first heat medium exchanges heat with the hot water in the tank 3 and transmits the exhaust heat to the hot water to be cooled.
  • water is used as the second heat medium.
  • the part (heat exchange part) located in the tank 3 of the second heat medium circulation path 12 is formed in, for example, a coil shape, and the second heat medium flowing through the part and the hot water in the tank 3 exchange heat. Configured to do.
  • a second pump 22B is provided on the second heat medium circulation path 12.
  • the second heat medium is circulated in the second heat medium circulation path 12 by the second pump 22B.
  • the second heat medium circulation path 12 configured as described above, the second heat medium is heated by exchanging heat with the combustion device 2, thereby recovering the exhaust heat and raising the temperature. Then, the second heat medium exchanges heat with the hot water in the tank 3 and transmits the exhaust heat to the hot water to be cooled.
  • the hot water stored in the tank 3 is heated by the exhaust heat from the fuel cell system 1 and the exhaust heat from the combustion device 2.
  • ⁇ Modification 30> The first and second heat media exchanged hot water without mixing with the hot water in the tank 3 in the portions (heat exchange portions) of the first and second heat medium circulation paths 11 and 12 passing through the tank 3. .
  • the first and / or second heat medium mixes with the hot water in the tank 3 in the heat exchange section of the first and / or second heat medium circulation paths 11 and 12 to heat the hot water. Also good.
  • the hot water in the tank 3 circulates in the first and / or second heat medium circulation paths 11 and 12 as the first and / or second heat medium.
  • the fourth embodiment of the present invention shows another example of the specific configuration of the heat transfer mechanism 7 in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a combined heat and power system according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • illustration of the fuel cell and the control device is omitted.
  • the combined heat and power system 100D of the fourth embodiment includes a heat medium circulation path 13 and a pump 22 as the heat transfer mechanism 7 (see FIG. 1).
  • the heat medium circulation path 13 is provided so as to pass through the fuel cell system 1, the combustion device 2, and the tank 3.
  • the heat medium circulation path 13 is configured such that the heat medium circulates so that the heat medium heats the hot water in the tank 3 by exhaust heat recovered from the fuel cell system 1 and the combustion device 2.
  • the order of passage of the heat medium between the fuel cell system 1 and the combustion device 2 is appropriately determined in consideration of the operating temperature of both. For example, water is used as the heat medium.
  • the specific configuration of the heat medium circulation path 13 is the same as that of the combined heat and power system 100C of the third embodiment, and a description thereof will be omitted.
  • ⁇ Modification 31> The heat medium heated the hot medium without being mixed with the hot water in the tank 3 in the heat exchange section in the tank 3 of the heat medium circulation path 13.
  • the heat medium in the heat exchange part of the heat medium circulation path 13 may be mixed with the hot water in the tank 3 to heat the hot water.
  • the hot water in the tank 3 circulates in the heat medium circulation path 13 as a heat medium.
  • the fifth embodiment of the present invention shows another example of the specific configuration of the heat transfer mechanism 7 in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a combined heat and power system according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • illustration of the fuel cell and the control device is omitted.
  • the combined heat and power system 100E of the fifth embodiment includes a heat medium circulation path 14 and a pump 22 as the heat transfer mechanism 7 (see FIG. 1).
  • the heat medium circulation path 14 includes a main path 14a passing through the tank 3 and a pair of branch paths 14b and 14c.
  • the branch paths 14b and 14c branch from one end of the main path 14a, respectively, pass through the fuel cell system 1 and the combustion device 2, and join to the other end of the main path 14a.
  • the heat medium circulation path 14 is configured so that the heat medium circulates so that the heat medium heats the hot water in the tank 3 by exhaust heat recovered from the fuel cell system 1 and the combustion device 2, respectively.
  • water is used as the heat medium.
  • a pump 22 is provided in a portion of the main path 14a located outside the tank 3.
  • the heat medium is branched from one end of the main path 14a to the branch path 14b and the branch path 14c, respectively, and merges with each other at the other end of the main path 14a via the fuel cell system 1 and the combustion device 2, respectively.
  • the heat medium is circulated so as to flow through the main path 14 a including a portion passing through the tank 3.
  • the other specific configuration of the heat medium circulation path 14 is the same as that of the cogeneration system 100C according to the third embodiment, and a description thereof will be omitted.
  • the combined heat and power system of the present invention is useful as a combined heat and power system that stores hot water heated by exhaust heat from a fuel cell and exhaust heat from a combustion device in one hot water tank.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de cogénération doté : d'un système d'élément à combustible (1) possédant un élément pile à combustible (4) qui utilise un gaz combustible et un gaz oxydant pour générer de l'électricité ; et d'un dispositif de commande (5). Le système de cogénération est en outre doté : d'un appareil de combustion (2) destiné à brûler un gaz combustible de combustion ; d'un réservoir (3) destiné à stocker de l'eau chaude chauffée par la chaleur perdue issue du système de pile à combustible et par la chaleur perdue issue de l'appareil de combustion ; et d'un détecteur de quantité de stockage de chaleur (6) destiné à détecter la quantité de chaleur stockée dans le réservoir. Le dispositif de commande est configuré de manière à commander l'appareil de combustion d'une manière telle que : la quantité de gaz combustible de combustion à brûler est réduite lorsque la quantité de chaleur stockée, telle que détectée par le détecteur de quantité de stockage de chaleur, est supérieure ou égale à une première valeur seuil pour la quantité de chaleur stockée ; et l'opération de combustion cesse lorsque la quantité de chaleur stockée, telle que détectée par le détecteur de quantité de stockage de chaleur, est supérieure ou égale à une seconde valeur seuil.
PCT/JP2012/000351 2011-01-24 2012-01-20 Système de cogénération Ceased WO2012101996A1 (fr)

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JP2011012208 2011-01-24

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014136454A1 (fr) * 2013-03-08 2014-09-12 パナソニック株式会社 Système de génération d'énergie et procédé de fonctionnement de système de génération d'énergie

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007052633A1 (fr) * 2005-10-31 2007-05-10 Kyocera Corporation Systeme de pile a combustible
JP2010153146A (ja) * 2008-12-24 2010-07-08 Aisin Seiki Co Ltd コジェネレーションシステムおよび貯湯システム
JP2010286233A (ja) * 2010-07-20 2010-12-24 Aisin Seiki Co Ltd コジェネレーションシステム

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007052633A1 (fr) * 2005-10-31 2007-05-10 Kyocera Corporation Systeme de pile a combustible
JP2010153146A (ja) * 2008-12-24 2010-07-08 Aisin Seiki Co Ltd コジェネレーションシステムおよび貯湯システム
JP2010286233A (ja) * 2010-07-20 2010-12-24 Aisin Seiki Co Ltd コジェネレーションシステム

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014136454A1 (fr) * 2013-03-08 2014-09-12 パナソニック株式会社 Système de génération d'énergie et procédé de fonctionnement de système de génération d'énergie
JP5895245B2 (ja) * 2013-03-08 2016-03-30 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 発電システム及び発電システムの運転方法

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