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WO2012170862A2 - Système solaire de génération d'électricité - Google Patents

Système solaire de génération d'électricité Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012170862A2
WO2012170862A2 PCT/US2012/041624 US2012041624W WO2012170862A2 WO 2012170862 A2 WO2012170862 A2 WO 2012170862A2 US 2012041624 W US2012041624 W US 2012041624W WO 2012170862 A2 WO2012170862 A2 WO 2012170862A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
solar
solar array
tracker
frame
members
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2012/041624
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2012170862A3 (fr
Inventor
Kenneth Oosting
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
INSPIRED SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES Inc
Original Assignee
INSPIRED SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by INSPIRED SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES Inc filed Critical INSPIRED SOLAR TECHNOLOGIES Inc
Publication of WO2012170862A2 publication Critical patent/WO2012170862A2/fr
Publication of WO2012170862A3 publication Critical patent/WO2012170862A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/78—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S3/782—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
    • G01S3/785—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using adjustment of orientation of directivity characteristics of a detector or detector system to give a desired condition of signal derived from that detector or detector system
    • G01S3/786—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using adjustment of orientation of directivity characteristics of a detector or detector system to give a desired condition of signal derived from that detector or detector system the desired condition being maintained automatically
    • G01S3/7861—Solar tracking systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F24S25/10—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules extending in directions away from a supporting surface
    • F24S25/12—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules extending in directions away from a supporting surface using posts in combination with upper profiles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F24S25/30—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules using elongate rigid mounting elements extending substantially along the supporting surface, e.g. for covering buildings with solar heat collectors
    • F24S25/33—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules using elongate rigid mounting elements extending substantially along the supporting surface, e.g. for covering buildings with solar heat collectors forming substantially planar assemblies, e.g. of coplanar or stacked profiles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
    • F24S30/45—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with two rotation axes
    • F24S30/455—Horizontal primary axis
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S30/00—Structural details of PV modules other than those related to light conversion
    • H02S30/10—Frame structures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S2020/10—Solar modules layout; Modular arrangements
    • F24S2020/16—Preventing shading effects
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present invention relate generally to a solar power generation system.
  • the embodiments of the present invention relate generally to a solar power generation system comprising a solar array frame utilizing a dual axis backtracking system in an optimal field layout.
  • a frame for the mounting of solar arrays that improves the strength to weight ratio over prior art solar array frames, offers advantages in lowering wind loads per square meter of the solar array, decreases shadowing in solar arrays, and providing an architecture that offers the highest ground utilization in the industry.
  • the improved solar array frame which utilizes dual axis backtracking, in a solar field that has an optimal field layout that, among other things, minimizes shadowing and increases land use efficiency.
  • the embodiments of the present invention include a dual axis backtracking system including: a solar tracker capable of dual axis movement; a frame mounted to the solar tracker, where the solar tracker moves to position the frame, where the movement of the solar tracker is facilitated by using a backtracking strategy.
  • the backtracking strategy includes the steps of: calculating the known sun vector; and performing a mathematical operation to determine the position of the frame to optimize the capture of energy from the sun, where the mathematical operation is performed by a computer with a software program that utilizes an algorithm that assures zero shadowing and allows the solar tracker to follow the sun to a specified elevation, and then begins to move back toward a 90° elevation while following the azimuth angle of the sun vector such that the pointing vector of the solar frame comes as close as possible to the sun vector while still avoiding shadowing; and where the mathematical operation is performed by a computer with a software program that utilizes an algorithm that assures zero shadowing and allows the solar tracker to follow the sun to a specified elevation, and then begins to move back toward a 90° elevation while following the azimuth angle of the sun vector such that the pointing vector of the solar frame comes as close as possible to the sun vector while still avoiding shadowing; and where the mathematical operation is performed by a computer with a software program that utilizes an algorithm that assures zero shadowing and allows the solar
  • Another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a dual axis
  • backtracking system including: a solar tracker capable of dual axis movement; a solar array including a plurality of solar panels, where the solar array is mounted to the solar tracker, and where the solar tracker moves to position the solar array to optimize the capture of energy from the sun for conversion into electricity or other useful forms of energy, and where the movement of the solar tracker is facilitated by using a backtracking strategy.
  • backtracking strategy includes the steps of: calculating the known sun vector; and performing a mathematical operation to determine the position of the solar array to optimize the capture of energy from the sun, where the mathematical operation is performed by a computer with a software program that utilizes an algorithm that assures zero shadowing and allows the solar tracker to follow the sun to a specified elevation, and then begins to move back toward a 90° elevation while following the azimuth angle of the sun vector such that the pointing vector of the solar array comes as close as possible to the sun vector while still avoiding shadowing; and where the backtracking strategy never permits the solar tracker to tilt lower than a fixed elevation angle above horizon.
  • the embodiments of the present invention further include a solar array frame for holding solar panels including: a plurality of radial members, a plurality of web members, and a sub frame in the shape of a polyhedron with a plurality of faces.
  • the radial members are joined to the subframe and project out from a face of the subframe.
  • the web members are joined to the radial members such that each radial member is joined to an adjacent radial member by a web member, and the web members are mounted between the radial members.
  • the subframe, radial members, and web members form a solar array frame structure.
  • the embodiments of the present invention further include a method for spacing solar assemblies in an optimal field layout including: calculating shadowing caused by a solar assembly in a plurality of positions including full-tilt positions, where the solar assembly includes a solar tracker and a solar array frame; measuring the minimal elevation of a leading edge of a solar array in a plurality of positions including full-tilt positions, where the solar array is mounted to a solar tracker; calculating the minimum desirable distance from a base of the solar assembly to a leading edge of an adjacent solar array mounted to an adjacent solar tracker based upon the shadowing calculated; and deriving a fundamental element based on the minimum desirable distance calculated, wherein the fundamental element is a repeating shape that assists in measuring ideal distances between solar assemblies in the optimal field layout.
  • the embodiments of the present invention further include a system for an optimal solar field layout, the system including: a solar assembly including a solar tracker, a solar array frame, and a solar array, where the solar array frame is mounted to the solar tracker, the solar array is mounted to the solar array frame, and the solar array includes a plurality of solar panels.
  • the system further includes a method for spacing the solar assemblies in a solar field including: calculating shadowing caused by a solar assembly when the solar array is in a plurality of positions including full-tilt positions; measuring the minimal elevation of a leading edge of the solar array of a solar assembly in a plurality of positions including full-tilt positions; calculating the minimum desirable distance from a base of a solar assembly to the leading edge of an adjacent solar assembly based upon the shadowing calculated; and deriving a fundamental element based on the minimum desirable distance calculated, wherein the fundamental element is a repeating shape that assists in measuring ideal distances between solar assemblies in the optimal field layout.
  • An embodiment of the present invention includes a combination of all of the above.
  • Figure 1 is a front perspective view of a substantially middle section of the solar array frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a front view of a solar array frame with a solar array according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a rear perspective view of a solar array frame with a solar array according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a front view of a dual axis backtracking system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a rear view of a dual axis backtracking system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a rear perspective view of a substantially middle section of the dual axis backtracking system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 7 is a rear perspective view of a solar array frame showing the connection of the radial members to the subframe in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 8 is a rear perspective view of a solar array frame showing the connection of the web members to the radial members according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 9 is a side view of a dual axis backtracking system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is leverage diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a depiction of a small array size and a large array size with the wind load points shown;
  • Figure 12 depicts an actuator load graph
  • Figure 13 depicts an actuator load graph
  • Figure 14 is an optimal field layout with the fundamental element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a front view of a solar array frame with a solar array according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a shadow geometry drawing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 17 is an optimal field layout with the fundamental elements according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 18 is an optimal field layout with the fundamental element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 19 is an optimal field layout with the fundamental element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure A is a graph showing comparison data of the percent efficiency of photon flux for different mounting systems with ambient light considered in Pocatello, Idaho (latitude 43°) on December 21;
  • Figure B is a graph showing comparison data of the percent efficiency of photon flux for different mounting systems with ambient light considered in Pocatello, Idaho (latitude 43°) on March 30;
  • Figure C is a graph showing comparison data of the percent efficiency of photon flux for different mounting systems with ambient light considered in Pocatello, Idaho (latitude 43°) from June 21;
  • Figure D is a graph showing comparison data of the percent efficiency of photon flux for different mounting systems with ambient light considered in Pocatello, Idaho (latitude 43°) from June 21;
  • Figure E is a graph showing comparison data of the percent efficiency of photon flux for different mounting systems with ambient light considered in Pocatello, Idaho (latitude 43°) from Septemeber 23.
  • the solar array frame utilizing a dual axis backtracking system in an optimal field layout described herein is used with the inventions disclosed in United States Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0180884, United States Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0185333, and United States Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0180883, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. Additionally, this application hereby incorporates by reference in their entirety the provisional applications identified by United States Provisional Patent Application No. 61/495,163 (entitled “Dual Axis Backtracking System"), United States Provisional Patent Application No. 61/495,168 (entitled “Solar Array Frame”), and United States Provisional Patent Application No. 61/495,181 (entitled “Optimal Field Layout for Solar Assemblies”).
  • a solar array is an array of solar panels (i.e., a plurality of solar panels).
  • the substantially rectangular shapes shown in the accompanying figures represent solar panels.
  • a solar tracker is an apparatus that holds a solar array frame, typically above the ground, and is able to move the solar array frame to follow the path of the sun as it moves across the sky. This is done such that the solar array frame is positioned to optimize the capture of energy from the sun for conversion into electricity or other useful forms of energy.
  • FIG. 1 Preferred features of the embodiments of the present invention are disclosed in the accompanying drawings.
  • the figures filed herewith generally depict a solar power generation system comprising a solar array frame utilizing a dual axis backtracking system in an optimal field layout.
  • the figures filed herewith show a solar array frame that: improves the strength to weight ratio over solar array frames known in the art, offers advantages in lowering wind loads per square meter of the solar array, decreases shadowing in an embodiment of the invention in which the solar array frame tracks the sun, and provides an architecture that offers the highest ground utilization in the solar energy field.
  • the figures filed herewith show a dual axis backtracking system that: increases the potential size of the solar array, improves leverage and reduces load on the actuators of a solar tracker in both non-wind and wind conditions, minimizes shadowing, improves ground coverage, increases AC yield, and lowers the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) for solar power generation systems.
  • the figures filed herewith show a solar field that has an optimal field layout that, among other things, minimizes shadowing and increases land use efficiency (including efficiency in infrastructure, wiring, IRR efficiency, etc.).
  • the main components of the solar array frame 102 of the present invention are radial members 104, web members 106, and a subframe 116.
  • the embodiments of the present invention are optimized for strength, reliability, efficiency and maintainability.
  • the embodiments of the present invention are also well suited for high wind conditions.
  • the solar array frame 102 is designed to hold solar panels 108.
  • the solar panels 108 may form a solar array 109 that is supported by the solar array frame 102.
  • a solar array 109 is an array of solar panels 108 (i.e., a plurality of solar panels 108).
  • the substantially rectangular shapes shown in the accompanying figures represent solar panels 108.
  • the solar array frame 102 is designed for use on both a stationary mount and/or a solar tracker, which may be single axis or dual axis solar tracker 202.
  • a solar tracker is an apparatus that holds a solar array frame 102 above the ground and is able to move the solar array frame 102 to follow the path of the sun as it moves across the sky. This is done such that the solar array frame 102 is positioned to optimize the capture of energy from the sun for conversion into electricity or other useful forms of energy.
  • the solar tracker shown in the accompanying figures is a dual axis solar tracker 202, but as explained above, the solar array frame 102 of the embodiments of the present invention may be used with a single axis solar tracker.
  • a single axis solar tracker refers to an array of one or more solar panels mounted on a moving frame with only one degree of freedom. This one degree of freedom is typically a rotational joint moving about a single axle.
  • a dual axis solar tracker 202 refers to an array of one or more solar panels 108 mounted on a moving frame 102 with at least two degrees of freedom. This two degree of freedom tracker 202 may utilize a linking mechanism 122 with two rotational joints moving about intersecting orthogonal axles 133, 135.
  • the sub frame 116 shown in the center of the solar array frame 102 is small, for example, 12 feet by 14 feet (12' ⁇ 14').
  • the radial members 104 are tapered I-beams
  • the web members 106 are standard I-beams, which are joined to the tapered I-beams.
  • the solar array frame 102 of the embodiments of the present invention provides all of the aforementioned advantages because of its structural components and its design geometry.
  • an embodiment of the present invention includes sixteen radial members 104 in the form of tapered I-beams, where each radial member 104 is joined to an adjacent radial member 104 by four web members 106 in the form of standard I- beams.
  • sixteen radial members 104 in the form of tapered I-beams, where each radial member 104 is joined to an adjacent radial member 104 by four web members 106 in the form of standard I- beams.
  • MRAW sqrt((l .5 x PH) 2 + (12.5 x PW) 2 )
  • MRAW is the maximum radius of the array of panels
  • PH is the panel height
  • PW is the panel width
  • PA is the panel area.
  • the radius of the solar array 109 is 1.5 panels high and 12.5 panels wide.
  • the radius of a solar array 109 may be different in another embodiment of the present invention.
  • a typical panel width (PW) is 1 m
  • a typical panel height (PH) is 1.862 m, giving a typical panel area (PA) of 1.862 m 2 .
  • the MRAW of a preferred embodiment of the present invention is equal to 12.8 m.
  • the solar array frame 102 with an MRAW of 12.8 m can hold 254 typically-sized solar panels.
  • a plurality of solar panels 108 are removed from the solar array 109 in a pattern shown in the figures provided, yielding a total of 245 solar panels on the solar array frame 102. This is done for wind venting purposes as discussed below.
  • Figure 15 shows an example of the array face panel layout where the panels are 1 m x 1.862 m (1.862 m 2 per panel).
  • the MRAW 12.8 m.
  • the actuators in an embodiment of the present invention may be hydraulic or the like.
  • the rationale that led to the size of the solar array frame 102 in an embodiment of the present invention was based upon standard sizes for hydraulic cylinder diameters of solar trackers, and the largest size array supportable for a full horizon to horizon version of a mechanism for tracking the sun utilizing such cylinders.
  • the ground clearance line 140 is shown in the figures.
  • the design geometry of an embodiment of the present invention comprises an octagon shaped sub frame 116 (which may also be any polyhedron approximating a circle).
  • the radially projecting members 104 are mounted to the sub frame 116 with web members 106 being mounted between the radially projecting members 104.
  • the web members 106 are mounted such that, as the radial beams 104 deflect up or down from the face 111 of the array 109, the web members 106 are compressed and assist in the resistance of the deflection.
  • the web members 106 also hold the shape of the array 109 such that the array frame 102 maintains its approximation of a circular disc.
  • the web members 106 are designed such that they are a little shorter than ideal for the flat solar array 109. This design will assist in assembly and draw the tapered beams 104 upward as the bolts 119 are tightened thus creating a pre-stress condition on the tapered I-beams 104. While this pre-stress condition causes the solar array 109 to be slightly concave, it still approximates a flat surface sufficient for standard PV modules. The pre-stress condition also offers substantial resistance to warping of the solar array, which would demand that the web members stretch to a length longer than ideal for a flat solar array.
  • This design also provides ideal thermal expansion characteristics as the equal expansion rates of the tapered I-beams 104 and the web members 106 cause the tension in the web members 106 to be maintained, the structural shape to be stable, and the strength to weight ratio to be static at any
  • connection of the web members 106 to the radial members 104 in an embodiment of the present invention are L-angle brackets 107 in order to make them spring loaded.
  • the web members 106 are constructed to be slightly shorter than what would be a snug fit in between the radial members 104.
  • Each one of the rings 124 formed by the web members 106 around the substantially circular solar array frame 102 is a pre-stressed circle that draws the entire solar array frame 102 into a pre-stressed condition, which flexes the radial members 104 slightly upward (in a direction away from the base 117 of the solar tracker 202).
  • a series of bolts 119 attaches the web members 106 to the radial members 104 forming the web member ring 124, where each bolt 119 goes through two web members 106 and one radial member 104.
  • the solar array frame 102 includes a torque specification and a sequence specification for tightening these bolts 119.
  • the sequence specification is similar to tightening the lug nuts on a car (you go across from one-another). Specifically, going around the substantially circular solar array frame 102, the bolts 119 from 12 o'clock and 6 o'clock are tightened, then the bolts 119 from 1 o'clock and 7 o'clock are tightened, progressing around the entire structure in a similar fashion. In an embodiment of the present invention there are separate bolt holes 113 in the radial members 104 for the attachment to the web members 106.
  • the overall shape of the solar array 109 in an embodiment of the present invention is nominally flat (as shown in the figures), but the solar array frame 102 does have a slightly concave shape formed by the tension of the web members 106 and the radial members 104.
  • the radial members 104 I-beams
  • the opposing preload conditions cause the solar array 109 to be more rigid due to the pre-strained conditions. Forces (such as those from wind) applied to the solar array 109 that push the solar array 109 upward are resisted by the radial members 104 (tapered I-beams), while forces pushing the solar array 109 downward are resisted by the web members 106.
  • This slight concavity is also opposed to the force of gravity, which creates a downward force on the solar array 109 and increases the pre-strain condition.
  • the radial members 104 and the web members 106 are constructed out of the same material, for example, steel.
  • the material is the same for the radial members 104 and the web members 106 in an embodiment of the present invention because the same thermal expansion properties are desirable for both the radial members 104 and the web members 106.
  • the embodiments of the present invention may include components that are constructed out of different materials than those explicitly described herein.
  • the radial members 104 and/or the web members 106 may include lightening holes 121 to reduce the weight of the solar array frame 102.
  • the solar array 109 As the size of the solar array frame 102 in an embodiment of the present invention becomes large relative to the size of the solar panels 108, the solar array 109 more closely approximates a circular disc shape and is thereby better able to shed wind.
  • the circular shape of the array 109 not only reduces wind loading but also eliminates corner shadowing, which is a common problem in the solar industry. Corner shadowing occurs when the corner of a solar array casts a shadow on another solar array frame's array. As used throughout this application, shadowing is the shadow cast by a solar assembly.
  • the shadow of the solar assembly that is a concern for the purposes of the embodiments of the present invention is the shadow that may be cast on an adjacent solar array of an adjacent solar assembly.
  • This shadow may be cast at the ground level, or at any elevation above the ground level, depending upon the lowest elevation possible for the solar array of an adjacent solar assembly.
  • the decreased shadowing of the solar array frame 102 described in the present application allows solar array frames 102 (both stationary and mounted on solar trackers) to be located in a close proximity to one another, and thereby improves ground utilization over what is currently being done in the prior art.
  • the embodiments of the present invention are particularly effective in decreasing shadowing in dual axis trackers 202.
  • the large array size requires substantial height to assure the solar array 109 does not hit the ground as it tilts to follow the sun when the solar array frame 102 is mounted on a solar tracker 202.
  • One of the advantages of the embodiments of the present invention is that a very large array size can be used with the geometry of the solar frame array 102 described herein. Additionally, the large solar array provides ample space for mounting inverters, access roads and other infrastructure under the solar array.
  • the solar array frame 102 includes aluminum extrusions 125 that are used for the attachment of the solar panels 108 to the solar array frame 102.
  • the extrusions 125 may be constructed of other materials, and other methods for attaching the solar panels 108 to the solar array frame 102 may be utilized by the embodiments of the present invention.
  • long runs of aluminum are run along the longer sides of the solar panels 108.
  • the solar panels 108 are located in between the long runs of aluminum, and the aluminum extrusions act as rails in which the solar panels 108 are able to slide up and down. The sliding of the solar panels 108 allows for the substantially circular shape of the solar array frame 102 in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the extrusions 125 may also be constructed out of a different material other than aluminum, such as steel or the like.
  • the aluminum rails are held to the solar array frame 102 by a clamp 126.
  • the clamp 126 fits into a T-slot 127 within the aluminum extrusion 125 and holds the aluminum extrusion 125 in place while allowing the aluminum to expand and contract at a different rate than the solar array frame 102 under it, which may be made of a different material (for example, steel).
  • the solar panels 108 are mounted on spring loaded mounting clips 128, which allow the solar array frame 102 to withstand hurricane force winds.
  • the spring loaded mounting clips 128 attach to the solar array frame 102 along one side of the solar panels 108, and are spring-hinged to raise and lower the solar panels 108 in wind gusts, which allows the wind to pass through the solar array 109.
  • the attachment to the solar panels 108 may extend along the ends of the solar panels 108 if it is required to meet mounting specifications of the solar panel manufacturer.
  • the spring-hinges also include damping to prevent the solar panels 108 from slapping back into position.
  • the gaps 130 located in the solar array 109 allow for the circular contour of the solar array 109.
  • the gaps 130 shown in the solar array 109 allow for venting of the wind.
  • the gaps 130 may also serve both of the
  • the gaps/holes 130 allow for the circular shape of the solar array 109, which avoids wind vortexes that create suction at the bottom side of the solar array 109. Thus, the gaps/holes 130 decrease wind loading on the solar array frame 102 in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the gaps/holes 130 balance loading, act as access points for maintenance of the solar panels 108 and the solar array frame 102, and act as access points for cleaning the solar panels 108.
  • the radial members 104 are connected to the subframe 1 16 via a standard four bolt connection 132.
  • the sub frame 116 is made of substantially rectangular tubing 131.
  • the radial members 104 attach to the tubing of the sub frame 116 by matching up the plate 105 at the end of the I-beam (radial member) 104 to a plate on the sub frame 116, which has an L-shape for assisting in assembly.
  • the radial member 104 extends through the walls of the sub frame tubing 131, where there is a reinforced gusset/chase 136 for the end of the I-beam 104.
  • the leading edge 138 of the solar array refers to the edge of the solar array 109.
  • the leading edge 138 of the solar array 109 is at or above the ground level 139.
  • the leading edge 138 of the solar array 109 at a full-tilt position is located one meter above the ground 139.
  • the leading edge 138 at full-tilt may be located at ground level 139, between ground level 139 and one meter above ground level 139, or above one meter from the ground 139 in embodiments of the present invention.
  • Figures 12 and 13 show an actuator load comparison before wind loading between a tracker with a payload of 15,500 lbs and a solar tracker according to an embodiment of the present invention with a payload of 33,658 lbs.
  • the graphs show pressure PSI as a function of degrees alpha.
  • the solar tracker according to an embodiment of the present invention experiences a 69% decrease in static load.
  • the embodiments of the present invention include a unique mechanical architecture that makes backtracking with dual-axis motion (as described herein) practical and economical with the cost per square meter of array space approaching that of single-axis tracking. Other tracker architectures see non-wind actuator loads increase 117% under these conditions
  • the embodiments of the present invention are directed to a solar array frame for holding solar panels including: a plurality of radial members, a plurality of web members, and a sub frame in the shape of a polyhedron with a plurality of faces.
  • the radial members are joined to the subframe and project out from a face of the subframe.
  • the web members are joined to the radial members such that each radial member is joined to an adjacent radial member by a web member, and the web members are mounted between the radial members.
  • the subframe, radial members, and web members form a solar array frame structure.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a solar array frame as recited above that further includes a solar array with a plurality of solar panels mounted to the solar array frame structure, and the solar array includes a face.
  • the web members are mounted such that, as the radial members deflect up or down from the face of the solar array, the web members are compressed and assist in resisting the deflection.
  • Yet another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a solar array frame as recited above, where the radial members are tapered I-beams and the web members are I- beams.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a solar array frame as recited above, where the solar array frame structure is mounted to a solar tracker.
  • Yet another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a solar array frame as recited above, where the solar frame structure is mounted a substantial height off the ground to assure the solar array does not hit the ground as it tilts to follow the sun when the solar array frame is mounted on a solar tracker.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a solar array frame as recited above, where the solar array is substantially circular in shape and is nominally flat.
  • Yet another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a solar array frame as recited above, where the solar array frame structure and the solar array are substantially in the shape of a circular disk, and the circular disk may be slightly concave.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a solar array frame as recited above, where the subframe is an octagon with eight faces and eight vertices, and the solar array frame further includes: at least two radial members projecting out from each face of the subframe, close to the vertices; and at least four web members adjoining each radial member to an adjacent radial member.
  • a single axis solar tracker refers to an array of one or more solar panels mounted on a moving frame with only one degree of freedom. This one degree of freedom is typically a rotational joint moving about a single axle.
  • a dual axis solar tracker 202 refers to an array of one or more solar panels 108 mounted on a moving frame 102 with at least two degrees of freedom. This two degree of freedom tracker 202 may utilize two rotational joints moving about intersecting orthogonal axles 133, 135.
  • a dual axis solar tracker 202 may include further rotational joints 120 at the top of a plurality of actuators 110, 112.
  • the embodiments of the present invention combine the benefits of a dual-axis tracker 202 with the benefits of a backtracking strategy.
  • the architecture shown in the figures, and the architecture described in United States Patent Application Publication Nos. 2010/0180883 and 2010/0180884 (which are incorporated by reference in the entirety herein) are uniquely suited for backtracking.
  • the embodiments of the present invention utilize backtracking in a dual axis solar tracker 202.
  • the backtracking system of the embodiments of the present invention calculates the known sun vector and then performs a mathematical operation to determine if pointing the solar array 109 directly at the sun is best or if some other pointing vector based on the sun vector is better to optimize solar output.
  • the mathematical operation is performed by means such as a computer with software that uses an algorithm.
  • the backtracking algorithm of the embodiments of the present invention assures zero shadowing and allows the solar tracker 202 to follow the sun down to a specified elevation, but then begins to move back toward a 90° elevation while following the azimuth angle of the sun vector such that the pointing vector of the solar array 109 comes as close as possible to the sun vector while still avoiding shadowing.
  • the sun sets in the northwest in the summertime in the northern United States. The sun appears to move across the sky to the north as it sets; the azimuth angle increases as the elevation angle decreases.
  • the elevation angle of the solar tracker 202 reaches a minimum and then begins to increase.
  • the pointing vector of the solar tracker 202 is nominally identical to the solar vector until the solar tracker 202 reaches its minimum elevation; tracking in both azimuth and elevation. After the solar tracker 202 reaches its minimum elevation, the elevation angle of the solar tracker 202 diverges from the elevation component of the solar pointing vector, but the solar tracker 202 continues to track in the azimuth direction. The pointing vector of the solar tracker 202 moves toward 90-degree elevation in a substantially helical fashion. Shadowing causes a disproportionately large decrease in energy production to the point that dual axis
  • An embodiment of the present invention takes advantage of both the advanced controls as well as the linking mechanism 122 described in United States Patent Application Publication Nos. 2010/0180883 and 2010/0180884 (reference numbers 22 and 23 in those applications) to provide motion that naturally follows the sun across the sky which provides for an optimal field layout 300.
  • an embodiment of the present invention includes a feedforward control system including a computer that calculates desired positions of the linear actuators using multiple data points as inputs and communicates with the driver system to drive the linear actuators to the desired positions, wherein the data points may include time of day, time of year, date, geographical positioning system coordinates, onboard clock, foundation orientation, cylinder positions, the linking member's angles, valve positions and solar tracking sensor data, wherein the computer uses polynomial spline curves having time differential characteristics.
  • An embodiment of the present invention may also utilize a feedback control system that relays information gathered by sensor devices to the
  • feedforward control system where the feedforward control system and the feedback control system function in an integrated manner.
  • FIG. 10 shows a leverage diagram where the size of the dual axis solar tracker array 204 is shown with the size of the non-dual axis solar tracker array 205 for clarity.
  • the use of backtracking increases the potential array size by 87% and thereby reduces the cost per square meter while also improving leverage and reducing load on the actuators.
  • the leverage 206 is shown in the figures as well.
  • the solar tracker motion also increases the distance of the lowest point of the solar array 109 from the ground 139 as the solar array 109 turns from due east or due west. This increase in height is due to the rotation of the joint link 122 about its lower axis. Together these two factors provide for a substantially larger (approximately two times) solar array 109 while using dual axis backtracking, which never permits the tracker 202 to tilt lower than a fixed elevation angle above horizon. Because there is no need for additional controls, electronics or basic structural members of the solar tracker 202, the cost per square meter to produce the solar tracker 202 of an embodiment of the present invention is substantially reduced to near the cost of single-axis tracking, which is historically the preferred choice for large project developers.
  • the embodiments of the present invention are able to provide substantially higher output than any single axis tracker for locations outside of the tropics and are still advantageous even within the tropics (see incremental output calculations). This improved output is a result of more closely following the sun; dual axis tracking as opposed to single axis tracking. Even during backtracking the dual axis backtracker 202 continues to accurately track the sun in azimuth.
  • the solar array 109 is substantially circular in shape. Additional advantage is gained due to the shadowing advantages of a circular array and the opportunity to keep the pointing vector of the solar tracker 202 low in the sky and closer to the solar vector longer by optimizing the backtracking algorithm.
  • the embodiments of the present invention may increase the maximum size of a standard solar array by 87%, while the anticipated load on the actuators of a standard solar tracker is reduced by 24% due to improved leverage.
  • the radius of the solar array 109 is extended to a point where the solar array's ground clearance is similar to the ground clearance when performing full horizon to horizon tracking. For example, if the pointing vector of the solar tracker 202 never has less than a 45 -degree elevation, the lower edge of the solar array 109 of the same size would be substantially higher than the lower edge of the solar array 109 for a pointing vector with a 15-degree elevation above horizon.
  • the radius of the solar array 109 can then be extended to cause ground clearance to be the same for both cases.
  • the line of action of the actuator 110, 112 of the solar tracker 202 moves away from the center of rotation of the joint link 122 of the solar tracker 202 as the elevation angle of the solar tracker's pointing vector increases.
  • the shortest distance between the line of action and the center of rotation is the effective lever arm for the actuator 110 about the axis of rotation.
  • Figure 11 shows the large array wind load point 208 and the small array wind load point 210 on solar trackers.
  • the total load and total increase load can be found by the equations:
  • Total Load Total Area x Wind Load per unit area X Distance to Load Point from Center of Gravity (CG)
  • the embodiments of the present invention deliver a significantly increased AC yield from PV systems, and may increase AC yield approximately 15 to 20% compared to single-axis solar trackers. This is due to dual axis backtracking's improved ability to more closely follow the sun over the capabilities of single axis tracking.
  • the embodiments of the present invention use less land than counterpart single-axis trackers.
  • the embodiments of the present invention provide the highest ground coverage ratio in the industry, increase AC yield, and lower the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE).
  • LCOE Levelized Cost of Energy
  • the backtracking algorithm of an embodiment of the present invention is based a core set of equations with if then statements.
  • the core formulas of the backtracking algorithm are provided herewith:
  • alpha asin(sin(90-elevation)/sin(beta)).
  • alpha 180-asin(sin(90-elevation)/sin(beta)).
  • Beta acos(cos(90-elevation)*cos(azimuth))
  • alpha asin(sin(elevation)/sin(beta))
  • alpha 180-asin(sin(elevation)/sin(beta))
  • Beta acos(cos(elevation)*cos(azimuth))
  • the core formulas are used in conjunction with comparison graphs that compare the efficiency of backtracking with other mounting solutions (see Figures A-E).
  • An embodiment of the present invention includes an optimization service that will take local weather into account, provide tighter shadow tolerances, and cause the solar tracker to dwell longer at the horizons thus producing 3% to 5% additional energy from the system, which will increase over time.
  • the embodiments of the present invention are directed to a dual axis backtracking system including: a solar tracker capable of dual axis movement; a frame mounted to the solar tracker, where the solar tracker moves to position the frame, where the movement of the solar tracker is facilitated by using a backtracking strategy.
  • the backtracking strategy includes the steps of: calculating the known sun vector; and performing a mathematical operation to determine the position of the frame to optimize the capture of energy from the sun, where the mathematical operation is performed by a computer with a software program that utilizes an algorithm that assures zero shadowing and allows the solar tracker to follow the sun to a specified elevation, and then begins to move back toward a 90° elevation while following the azimuth angle of the sun vector such that the pointing vector of the solar frame comes as close as possible to the sun vector while still avoiding shadowing; and where the backtracking strategy never permits the solar tracker to tilt lower than a fixed elevation angle above horizon.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a dual axis backtracking system including: a solar tracker capable of dual axis movement; a solar array including a plurality of solar panels, where the solar array is mounted to the solar tracker, and where the solar tracker moves to position the solar array to optimize the capture of energy from the sun for conversion into electricity or other useful forms of energy, and where the movement of the solar tracker is facilitated by using a backtracking strategy.
  • backtracking strategy includes the steps of: calculating the known sun vector; and performing a mathematical operation to determine the position of the solar array to optimize the capture of energy from the sun, where the mathematical operation is performed by a computer with a software program that utilizes an algorithm that assures zero shadowing and allows the solar tracker to follow the sun to a specified elevation, and then begins to move back toward a 90° elevation while following the azimuth angle of the sun vector such that the pointing vector of the solar array comes as close as possible to the sun vector while still avoiding shadowing; and where the backtracking strategy never permits the solar tracker to tilt lower than a fixed elevation angle above horizon.
  • Yet another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a dual axis backtracking system as recited above, where the backtracking strategy includes an optimization service that accounts for local weather, provides tighter shadow tolerances, and causes the solar tracker to dwell longer at the horizons.
  • the leading edge 138 of the solar array 109 refers to the edge of the solar array 109.
  • the leading edge 138 of the solar array 109 is at or above the ground level 139.
  • the full-tilt position is the furthest position in which a solar tracker 202 may tilt a solar array 109.
  • the leading edge 138 of the solar array 109 at a full-tilt position is located one meter above the ground 139.
  • the optimal field layout 300 of the embodiments of the present invention take into account the tilt positions of the solar trackers 202 from the full-tilt position to every possible position in-between.
  • the spacing of the optimal field layout 300 in the embodiments of the present invention is based upon the range of movement of both single and dual axis solar trackers 202, and the shadowing caused by the solar assembly in the plurality of positions in which the solar array 109 may be located.
  • the shadowing is calculated to project as close as possible to the leading edge 138 of an adjacent solar assembly in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • An embodiment of the present invention is capable of eliminating all shadowing from one solar tracker to another.
  • another embodiment of the present invention includes a small amount of shadowing. This is because certain types of panels and inverters that have as such a configuration (with shadowing) might produce a larger power output.
  • the inner ring 302 of the shadowing drawings represents the solar array 109
  • the outer ring 304 represents the shadow cast by the solar assembly.
  • the edge of the outer ring 304 represents the furthest shadow cast by the solar assembly in the embodiments of the present invention (the shadow cast by the leading edge 138 of the solar array 109).
  • the figures submitted herewith depict the geometry of a solar array 109 in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the inner ring 302 is shown as an oval because the joint link 122 in an embodiment of the present invention causes the solar tracker 202 to stick out more when tilted in the east and west directions.
  • Figure 16 shows the triangle 306 (the Shadow Geometry of Radius A and B ), which generally shows the geometry of the solar array face 111 casting a shadow, where the array face 111 and shadow line 308 are faces of the triangle 306.
  • the shadow line 308 would also represent the solar vector (the rays of the sun would be parallel to this line).
  • the base 310 of the triangle 306 represents the lowest point of the leading edge 138 of the solar array 109 (which may be located one meter above the ground in an embodiment of the present invention).
  • the triangle 306 helps calculate the minimum distance from the post 114 of a solar tracker 202 to the leading edge 138 of the next array 109 without having a shadow cast on the leading edge 138.
  • An example of the shadow geometry may be as follows:
  • Figure 17 is the "Fundamental Element” figure filed herewith, and Figure 17 depicts the fundamental element 312 for measuring the spacing of solar assemblies in the optimal field layout 300 (shown with tolerance).
  • the fundamental element 312 is depicted as a rectangle. Using the fundamental element 312, one can easily space the solar assemblies from one another.
  • the fundamental element 312 is a repeating element that shows the ideal distances between the solar assemblies in the optimal field layout 300.
  • each of the circular figures represents a solar assembly, where the small ring 302 is the solar array 109 and the large ring 304 is the shadow possibilities 308 for the solar assembly.
  • the cutout portion 314 on the bottom of the circles represents the direction with the shadow being cast by the sun in the north (because the sun is never in a direction facing the north, this area is shown as a cutout within the circles). Thus, in this figure the cutout portion is in the south.
  • Figure 18 represents another field layout drawing showing the optimal field layout 300 and the fundamental element 312.
  • the tolerance spacing is optional as the shadow area and tracker base line have no physical contact. Some overlap might be desirable depending on the shadow tolerance of the inverter and other equipment being used.
  • Figure 19 depicts the optimal field layout 300 and the fundamental element 312.
  • dimension X may be 56.8 m and dimension Y may be 20.02 m for the fundamental element 312.
  • East- West Tracker Spacing is 131.33 ft. North- South row spacing is 93.15 ft. Road Space between trackers is 26 ft wide or greater with clearance to the sky.
  • dimension X may be 54.55 m and dimension Y may be 19.89 m for the fundamental element 312.
  • East- West Tracker Spacing is 130.4 ft. North-South row spacing is 88.65 ft. Road Space between trackers is 24 ft wide or greater with clearance to the sky.
  • the methods used in the embodiments of the present invention for calculating the optimal solar field layout 300 for solar assemblies may be used anywhere on earth.
  • the shadowing area and shape will change based on the position of the sun in a specific location, but the concepts taught by the embodiments of the present invention remain the same.
  • the leading edge 138 of the solar assemblies is configured so that it is as close as possible to the edge of the shadow of adjacent solar assemblies in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the pattern formed by placing solar assemblies in the optimal field layout 300 becomes one where the solar assemblies are organized in a series of offset rows 316. While the shadows are overlapping in the figures, the solar arrays 109 are never within the shadow area of an adjacent solar assembly.
  • the tolerance between the leading edge 138 and the shadow edge in an embodiment of the present invention may be 0.5 meters. Thus, the total tolerance is 1 meter (0.5 meters on opposite sides of the solar array 109). In other embodiments of the present invention the tolerances may be smaller or larger. For example, in an embodiment of the present invention, the tolerance between the leading edge 138 and the shadow edge is 0.625 meters. Thus, the total tolerance is 1.25 meters (0.625 meters on opposite sides of the solar array 109).
  • the tolerance may be zero or less than zero. This is because the tolerance spacing is optional as the shadow area and solar assembly base line have no physical contact.
  • the tolerance can be less than zero in embodiments of the present invention where some overlap might be desirable (depending on the shadow tolerance of the inverter and other equipment being used).
  • the design of the solar array 109 itself allows for the optimal layout 300.
  • the solar array 109 may be substantially circular in shape, which allows the solar trackers 202 to be spaced in a manner that creates the greatest efficiency, minimizing shadowing and maximizing the use of land.
  • a R B R - .707 X JL [00120]
  • the array width (AW) may equal 25.6 m and the maximum A radius is shown as ARMAX- The maximum B radius is shown as BRMAX- The lower edge of the array 318 is shown as well as the shadow area 320.
  • Figure 14 assumes backtracking at 45° and zero shadowing, flat ground, and 140 watt / m 2 panels. Also, Figure 14 has a 1.25 meter tolerance factor and venting. The following equations and values hold true for Figure 14:
  • the inside dimension adjacent to the lower edge of the array 318 equals 0.707 AH + 2JL x cos 45.
  • the embodiments of the present invention are directed to a method for spacing solar assemblies in an optimal field layout including: calculating shadowing caused by a solar assembly in a plurality of positions including full-tilt positions, where the solar assembly includes a solar tracker and a solar array frame; measuring the minimal elevation of a leading edge of a solar array in a plurality of positions including full-tilt positions, where the solar array is mounted to a solar tracker; calculating the minimum desirable distance from a base of the solar assembly to a leading edge of an adjacent solar array mounted to an adjacent solar tracker based upon the shadowing calculated; and deriving a fundamental element based on the minimum desirable distance calculated, wherein the fundamental element is a repeating shape that assists in measuring ideal distances between solar assemblies in the optimal field layout.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a method for spacing solar assemblies as recited above, where the minimum desirable distance calculated is such that the leading edge of the solar array is as close as possible to the closest edge of a shadow of an adjacent solar assembly.
  • Yet another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a method for spacing solar trackers as recited above, where a pattern is formed by placing solar assemblies in the optimal field layout, and wherein the pattern comprises solar assemblies placed in a series of offset rows.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a method for spacing solar assemblies as recited above, where the minimum desirable distance calculated is such that the leading edge of the solar array is in a shadow cast by an adjacent solar array.
  • Yet another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a method for spacing solar trackers as recited above, where the solar assembly includes a solar array in a substantially circular shape.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention is directed to a system for an optimal solar field layout, the system including: a solar assembly including a solar tracker, a solar array frame, and a solar array, where the solar array frame is mounted to the solar tracker, the solar array is mounted to the solar array frame, and the solar array includes a plurality of solar panels.
  • the system further includes a method for spacing the solar assemblies in a solar field including: calculating shadowing caused by a solar assembly when the solar array is in a plurality of positions including full-tilt positions; measuring the minimal elevation of a leading edge of the solar array of a solar assembly in a plurality of positions including full-tilt positions; calculating the minimum desirable distance from a base of a solar assembly to the leading edge of an adjacent solar assembly based upon the shadowing calculated; and deriving a fundamental element based on the minimum desirable distance calculated, wherein the fundamental element is a repeating shape that assists in measuring ideal distances between solar assemblies in the optimal field layout.
  • an embodiment of the present invention is able to achieve 100/100 at 15° above horizon, 100/323 at 45° above horizon, 187/323 at 45° above horizon with 187% array, 243/323 with 130% gust factor for size, with a net change in actuator load being -24%.
  • other prior art solar trackers achieve, for example, 100/100 at 15° above horizon, 100/100 at 45° above horizon, 187/100 at 45° above horizon with 187% array, 243/100 with 130% gust factor for size, with a net change in actuator load being +143%.
  • backtracking is shown at 45° minimum elevation and non-backtracking is shown at 15° minimum elevation.
  • the radius increases from 10m to 13m.
  • the gust will go from being 2m off center to 2.6m off center.
  • the lever arm for the gust calculation increases 30% or is 130% of normal due to lever arm increase.
  • the maximum size of the array is increased by 87%, while the anticipated load on the actuators is reduced by 24% due to improved leverage. Additionally, because of the dual axis backtracking capability, a solar assembly (including the solar tracker, solar array frame, and solar array) in an embodiment of the present invention uses less land than single axis trackers.
  • a solar power generation system including a solar array frame including: a plurality of radial members; a plurality of web members; and a subframe in the shape of a polyhedron comprising a plurality of faces, where the radial members are engaged with the subframe and project out from a face of the subframe, where the web members are engaged with the radial members such that each radial member is engaged to an adjacent radial member by a web member, and the web members are disposed between the radial members, and where the subframe, radial members, and web members form a solar array frame structure.
  • the solar power generation system further includes a dual axis backtracking system including: a solar tracker capable of dual axis movement, where the solar tracker comprises the solar array frame, and where the solar tracker moves to position the solar array frame, where movement of the solar tracker is facilitated by using a backtracking strategy.
  • a dual axis backtracking system including: a solar tracker capable of dual axis movement, where the solar tracker comprises the solar array frame, and where the solar tracker moves to position the solar array frame, where movement of the solar tracker is facilitated by using a backtracking strategy.
  • the backtracking strategy includes the steps of: calculating a known sun vector; and performing a mathematical operation to determine a position of the solar array frame to optimize capturing energy from the sun, where the mathematical operation is performed by a computer with a software program that utilizes an algorithm that assures zero shadowing and allows the solar tracker and solar array frame to follow the sun to a specified elevation, and then begins to move the frame back toward a 90° elevation while following an azimuth angle of the sun vector such that a pointing vector of the frame comes as close as possible to the sun vector while still avoiding shadowing, and where the backtracking strategy does not allow the solar tracker to tilt lower than a fixed elevation angle above horizon.
  • the solar power generation system further includes a method of spacing the solar trackers in an optimal field layout including: calculating shadowing caused by the solar tracker in a plurality of positions including full-tilt positions; measuring a minimal elevation of a leading edge of a solar array in a plurality of positions including full-tilt positions, where the solar array is mounted to the solar array frame; calculating a minimum desirable distance from a base of the solar tracker to a leading edge of an adjacent solar array mounted to an adjacent solar tracker based upon the shadowing calculated; and deriving a fundamental element based on the minimum desirable distance calculated, wherein the fundamental element is a repeating shape that assists in measuring ideal distances between solar trackers in the optimal field layout.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne une armature de réseau solaire destinée à maintenir des panneaux solaires et comprenant une pluralité d'éléments radiaux, une pluralité d'éléments de toile et une armature auxiliaire en forme de polyèdre comprenant une pluralité de faces. Les éléments radiaux coopèrent avec l'armature auxiliaire et dépassent hors d'une face de l'armature auxiliaire. Les éléments de toile coopèrent avec les éléments radiaux de telle façon que chaque élément radial coopère avec un élément radial adjacent via un élément de toile, et que les éléments de toile soient disposés entre les éléments radiaux. L'armature auxiliaire, les éléments radiaux et les éléments de toile forment une structure d'armature de réseau solaire.
PCT/US2012/041624 2011-06-09 2012-06-08 Système solaire de génération d'électricité Ceased WO2012170862A2 (fr)

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JP4369473B2 (ja) * 2003-03-18 2009-11-18 サンパワー・コーポレイション，システムズ 追尾型太陽光収集器アセンブリ
EP1994568A2 (fr) * 2006-03-13 2008-11-26 Green Volts, Inc. Systeme orientable d'energie solaire
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