WO2012169922A1 - Fertile soil using sludge from water treatment plants - Google Patents

Abstract

The fertile soil comprises peat from a high bog or intermediate bog and mineral soil in the form of sand, loam and sludge from water treatment plants, wherein dehydrated sludge from water treatment plants is used as a component comprising nutrients for vegetation and producing the optimum conditions in the soil with regard to acidity, the formation of the soil structure and moisture-maintaining properties, wherein the dehydrated sludge from water treatment plants comprises nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in forms accessible for vegetation and in a mass ratio of 7:4:1, has an ash content of 45-55% and a pH of 7.5-8.5. The ratio of the components amounts to: 5-20% by mass of peat, 0-50% by mass of sand, 15-35% by mass of waste water sludge, with the remainder being construction soil.

Description

 Fertile soil using

 sediment water treatment plants

The invention relates to green construction and agriculture and can be used in gardening enterprises, in the cultivation of vegetable, berry and flower crops in greenhouses, for landscaping cultivated lawns, squares, sports fields, slopes, soil protection and other purposes.

 Known soil plant mixture for growing lawns containing sandy or loamy soil, or chernozem, peat and sand (Homestead Farm, M, 1986, N ° 2, p. 75).

 However, this soil-based plant mixture is designed to create garden lawns on natural soil by adding peat and sand to it, depending on the condition and properties of sandy and loamy soils. In addition, when creating landscape gardening lawns, single-type crops are used, which reduces the requirements for the soil mixture.

 A known composition for forming briquettes for growing plants, mainly for prefabricated lawn, containing peat, turf, fertilizers, and / or growth stimulants, and / or sapropel, and as peat it contains finely divided peat with a degree of decomposition of 10-15% with the average particle size of 0.2-0.5 mm (RF patent M> 2148904, IPC AOU 9/10, publ. 05.20.2000).

 The disadvantages of this composition is the high flammability, acidity and inadequate organic matter, which reduces yield.

Known peat granulated fertilizer "Python" containing peat, a glycerin substance that prevents drying, mineral components - lime flour, urea, phosphate, boric acid, copper sulfate, molybdenum ammonium, sources of potassium, magnesium, manganese and zinc, as well as hardening additives - cement and carboxymethyl cellulose (RF patent JN22102362, IPC С05Р 11/02, publ. 01.20.1998). The disadvantages of this invention are the complexity of the composition of the fertilizer and the complicated technology of its manufacture, requiring the availability of equipment for granulating the mixture.

 Known peat nutrient mixture - fertile soil containing peat, sand, marble chips and a humus component - chernozem (RF patent jN 2099927, IPC A01G1 / 00, publ. 12/27/1997). The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in the construction of stadiums, hippodromes, sports fields when creating grass lawn coverings on them. SUBSTANCE: soil plant mixture for growing lawns containing sandy or loamy soil or black soil, peat and sand, additionally contains marble chips, and the above components are taken in the following ratio, wt.%: Sandy or loamy soil or chernozem - 70.0 - 80.0; peat - 10.0 - 15.0; sand - 2.5 - 10.0; marble chips - 2.5 - 10.0. The disadvantage of this invention is that the soil is prone to marked water and wind erosion, especially on slopes.

The closest analogue adopted for the prototype is fertile soil (RF patent 2288907, IPC C05F1 1/00, C05F1 1/06, publ. 10.12.2006). The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in gardening enterprises, when growing vegetable, berry and flower crops in greenhouses, to create lawns, sports fields, strengthen road slopes. The fertile soil contains peat, sand, a humus-containing component and sawdust. A bioorganic fertilizer obtained by aerobic fermentation of a mixture of animal waste and ground wood waste containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in forms accessible to plants in a mass ratio of 2.3: 1.7: 1.3, having an ash content of 7 7, is used as a humus-containing component. , 5% and a pH of 5 + 5.4. The ratio of components is, wt.%: Peat (T) 25 30, sand (P) 50 + 60, bioorganic fertilizer 2-5, sawdust - the rest. The proposed soil expands the range of plant nutrient mixtures, is based on the use of available raw materials, is not difficult to prepare. The disadvantage of this prototype is that the production of soil involves the use of components (marble chips, chernozem, sawdust, bioorganic fertilizer), which are not always available and economical in urban conditions.

 The objective and expected technical result of the invention is to create a new soil composition based on components that are affordable and cheap in urban metropolitan areas, as well as simple and economical to manufacture. The created soil should be used for growing plants and landscaping lawns, sports fields, road slopes, expand the range of plant nutrient mixtures and have high anti-erosion properties, as well as high buffering in relation to adverse conditions of the urban environment.

 The tasks and technical result are achieved in that the fertile soil containing peat (high or transitional) and mineral soil (sand, loam) according to the invention further comprises dehydrated sludge from water treatment plants of 80% humidity.

 Dehydrated sludge from water treatment plants acts as a component containing nutrients for plants and creates optimal conditions in the soil for acidity, formation of soil structure and water-holding properties.

 The dehydrated sludge of the water treatment facilities contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in forms accessible to plants in a mass ratio of 7: 4: 1, has an ash content of 45 55% and a pH of 7.5 + 8.5. The ratio of components is, wt.%: Peat (T) 5 + 20, sand (P) 0 + 50, sediment of water treatment facilities (VO) 15 + 35, construction soil (HS) - the rest. The most important part of the soil composition is the sediment content of the water treatment facilities. It is this content that determines the best agrophysical and agrochemical indicators of the resulting soil.

This optimal ratio is confirmed by studies (tab. 1, 2). Table 1.

Dependence of germination of lawn grass seeds and flowers (snow leopard) on the composition of the soil (VO - sediment of water treatment facilities).

Таблица 2.

Table 2.

Dependence of biomass growth and technical crop productivity on soil composition (t / ha).

One of the components of the soil is the sediment of water treatment plants, which, as a rule, is disposed of at landfills, which leads to energy costs and land rejection. Other components are horse or transitional peat, sand and building soil (sandy loam, loam). Fertile soil may additionally contain mineral fertilizers.

 When using soil mixtures and soil, their structural properties, which are determined by their mechanical composition and the size of their constituent parts, are important. They absorb and retain water well, and also do not form dust in urban conditions, structural soils.

 Neither sand nor peat, which are the basis of the soil-soil mixture, can create a solid soil structure. This function is performed by dehydrated sludge from water treatment plants by gluing particles of sand and peat.

 As a result, the resulting soil has the following properties:

- good structure, allowing for a long time to retain moisture and not form dust above the soil surface,

 - the absence of toxic eluates from the soil layer formed by the soil,

 In addition, peat-mineral mixtures without the addition of other organic components are characterized by rapid drying, potential flammability on the lawns of the city, and a low content of easily accessible mineral salts, due to the fact that peat contains mainly hardly oxidizable organic matter. The dehydrated sludge of water treatment plants, being a source of food readily available for plants, also stimulates microbiological decomposition of peat, which increases the nutrient content of the soil, maintaining it at the required level for several years without adding mineral fertilizers.

The dehydrated sludge of the water treatment plants contains a significant amount of aluminum salts and hydroxides with amphoteric properties, which allows the soil to exhibit high buffering in relation to the highly acidic or highly alkaline surface waters of the urban environment. The high buffering ability with respect to the acidic or alkaline surface waters of the city is confirmed by studies (Table 3) Table 3.

Results of acid-base titration of soil in comparison with peat, sand and soil (according to pH results).

The harmlessness of the use of sediment for the manufacture of soil is confirmed by an analysis of the content of heavy metals in it (Table 4) and determination of the toxicity of extracts from the sediment. Toxicity was determined in the laboratory of the Kuryanovsky treatment facilities on the Biotester-2 device according to the chemotaxis of ciliates in a water extract from soil. The toxicity index was 0.13, which characterizes the toxicity of soils as “permissible”. The standard for permissible toxicity is not more than 0.4. Soils with toxicity less than 0.4 are classified as waste of the fifth hazard class (practically non-hazardous).

 Based on the low metal content in HE, it can serve as a component that reduces the content of toxicants in soil. At the same time, the metals in HE are micronutrients for plants. The soil in this case is a conditional fertilizer balanced in all the necessary nutrient compounds.

 Table 4.

The concentration of heavy metals in sand, loam and VO, mg / kg dry matter

 (gross content)

 Variant Cd Mp Si As Ni Hg Pb Cr Zn

Sand 0.3 52 17 1.8 4.6 0.27 1 1 14 51

Loam 0.9 560 26 2.6 12 0.22 16 30 55

Sediment

structures 0.04 190 17 5 5.7 0.10 3 5.2 25 water treatment MPC (by

decision

 Jfe 514 2 132 5 80 2 130 65 220

Government

 Moscow)

Fertile soil is prepared as follows.

 Estimated quantities (in accordance with the recipe) of peat, sand, dehydrated sludge from water treatment plants and building soil are unloaded next to each other from a vehicle onto a concrete site. Using a front-end loader, for example TO-30 or TO-18, coarse mixing of the components is carried out. Then, with a front-end loader, the mixture is transferred in portions to the screw mixer, which ensures uniform mixing and the formation of soil aggregates (lumps) up to 15 mm in size. The finished mixture is immersed in a front loader in dump trucks for shipment to the consumer.

 The proposed composition of the soil allows for a long time to maintain the structure of the soil of the lawn, including on sports fields, which reduces the cost of their maintenance.

 To create optimally balanced conditions for growing specific crops, depending on their nutrient requirements, mineral fertilizers, trace elements, and growth stimulants are added to the soil.

 To reduce the time required to create a lawn or garden, plant seeds can be included in the composition of the soil mixture.

 The proposed fertile soil expands the range of plant nutrient mixtures, is based on the use of available raw materials and waste, is not difficult to prepare, does not require sophisticated equipment and apparatus, can be used on open and closed soils and for a long time, because It is a long-term source of organic nutrients and is able to maintain its structure for a long time. It can be used to strengthen the banks of rivers and reservoirs, road slopes.

Claims

Claim 1. A fertile soil containing peat or transitional peat, mineral soil in the form of sand, loam and sediment from water treatment plants, characterized in that as a component containing nutrients for plants and creates optimal conditions in the soil for acidity, formation of soil structure and water-holding properties use dehydrated sludge from water treatment plants, while dehydrated sludge from water treatment plants contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in forms accessible to plants in bulk ratio 7: 4: 1, has an ash content of 45-55% and a pH of 7.5-8.5. The ratio of components is, wt.%:  Peat 5-20  Sand 0-50  Sewage sludge 15-35  Construction soil else 2. The soil according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises mineral fertilizers. For example, potash in a proportion of up to 0.2 kg K ₂ 0 / m ^{3 of} finished soil, phosphorus in a proportion of up to 0,075 kg P ₂ 0 ₅ / m ^{3 of} finished soil.  3. The soil according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises growth stimulants. For example, heteroauxin, succinic acid, root, epin, biostim, silk, immunocytophyte, zircon, gibberellin in a proportion corresponding to the optimal effect of each drug in accordance with their active substance.  4. The soil according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises plant seeds. For example, a mixture of lawn grasses up to 0.4 kg / m of soil.  5. The soil according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a sewage sludge in a proportion of up to 20% of the sewage sludge (dry matter).