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WO2012168674A1 - Attachment device for a solar tile - Google Patents

Attachment device for a solar tile Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012168674A1
WO2012168674A1 PCT/FR2012/051309 FR2012051309W WO2012168674A1 WO 2012168674 A1 WO2012168674 A1 WO 2012168674A1 FR 2012051309 W FR2012051309 W FR 2012051309W WO 2012168674 A1 WO2012168674 A1 WO 2012168674A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hook
fastening device
solar
tile
tiles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/FR2012/051309
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Didier Jousse
Silham El Kasmi
Jean-Pierre Douche
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Glass France SAS, Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA filed Critical Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Priority to CN201280028414.4A priority Critical patent/CN103583001A/en
Priority to EP12731131.4A priority patent/EP2718986A1/en
Publication of WO2012168674A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012168674A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04DROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D1/00Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
    • E04D1/34Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24SSOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F24S25/30Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules using elongate rigid mounting elements extending substantially along the supporting surface, e.g. for covering buildings with solar heat collectors
    • F24S25/33Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules using elongate rigid mounting elements extending substantially along the supporting surface, e.g. for covering buildings with solar heat collectors forming substantially planar assemblies, e.g. of coplanar or stacked profiles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24SSOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F24S25/60Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S25/61Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules for fixing to the ground or to building structures
    • F24S25/613Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules for fixing to the ground or to building structures in the form of bent strips or assemblies of strips; Hook-like connectors; Connectors to be mounted between building-covering elements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02SGENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/20Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
    • H02S20/22Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
    • H02S20/23Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04DROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D1/00Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
    • E04D1/34Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements
    • E04D2001/3408Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements characterised by the fastener type or material
    • E04D2001/3414Metal strips or sheet metal
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04DROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D1/00Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
    • E04D1/34Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements
    • E04D2001/3452Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements characterised by the location of the fastening means
    • E04D2001/3458Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements characterised by the location of the fastening means on the upper or lower transverse edges of the roof covering elements
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04DROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D1/00Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
    • E04D1/34Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements
    • E04D2001/347Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements characterised by the fastening pattern
    • E04D2001/3473Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements characterised by the fastening pattern fastening single roof elements to the roof structure with or without indirect clamping of neighbouring roof covering elements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24SSOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S2020/10Solar modules layout; Modular arrangements
    • F24S2020/13Overlaying arrangements similar to roof tiles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24SSOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F24S2025/01Special support components; Methods of use
    • F24S2025/014Methods for installing support elements
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10Photovoltaic [PV]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/47Mountings or tracking
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fixing device for photovoltaic solar tile.
  • Photovoltaic solar tile means a flat photovoltaic element providing the common functions of a photovoltaic module and roof covering for a building roof in the manner of a common tile or slate or other similar covering element.
  • the roof covering is provided in a known manner by partially covering the elements together.
  • a solar tile is manufactured from photovoltaic cells which may be, in particular, thin-film photovoltaic cells whose absorber layer is based on silicon, amorphous or microcrystalline, based on chalcopyrite compound, in particular of the CIS or CIGS type. or based on cadmium telluride.
  • the photovoltaic cells may be formed from mono or poly-crystalline silicon wafers forming a p / n junction, or organic photovoltaic cells.
  • the photovoltaic cells are laminated generally between two substrates constituting the front and rear faces of the tile, the front face being conventionally formed of a transparent glass substrate arranged facing the incident solar radiation, and the rear face made of a polymeric substrate.
  • the tiles currently used are made from glass substrates 6 mm thick which are fixed using systems such as those described in EP 1 362 967 A1.
  • Such fastening systems comprise hooks whose section is S-shaped, and support rails on which the hooks are fixed.
  • the support rails are made integral with the breakdowns of the frame.
  • the hooks are arranged perpendicular to the rails, each hook having an end fixed to the rail, while the second end extends in an upper plane and parallel to the first end.
  • the second end of the hook has a return in which is inserted by wedging the lower edge of a glass substrate.
  • the company Swiss Solar System has nonetheless developed a product that meets the standard, while using glass substrates of reduced thickness to 5mm.
  • the overlap area between tiles has been reduced from 120 mm to 50 mm.
  • the purpose of the invention is therefore to propose a fixing system solution for photovoltaic solar tiles, the glass substrates of which may have a thickness of less than 6 mm if necessary, thereby reducing the weight of the roof while meeting safety standards. solar roofs.
  • the reduction in thickness improves the light transmission of the glass.
  • the fastening device for solar tiles of the invention comprises at least one elongated hook whose section has a general S shape, having a fastening core, a receiving surface parallel to the core, a wing connecting the to the receiving surface orthogonally thereto and corresponding to the folding zone of the S, the receiving surface being intended to carry a so-called upper tile and serving for the resumption of the pressure forces undergone by the tile such as a snow load, and at the end of the reception area, opposite the wing, a bent back towards the wing to provide a housing for maintaining the tile in the direction crawling by providing a stop-stop and ensuring the tile with a holding to the depression such as the wind.
  • the device is characterized in that the hook is reinforced by dimensions adapted in thickness and width.
  • Height refers to the dimension that is orthogonal to the roof plane.
  • the hook has an elongated body having two parallel main faces, one intended to be facing the external environment of the roof in the mounted position of the hook and said "front face” or external, and the other opposite, called “Rear face” or internal intended to be facing the frame.
  • the "length” of the hook is understood by the dimensional size according to the longitudinal extension of the body of the hook. Its “height” is understood by the dimension extending between the two main faces of the hook. Its “width” is understood by the size transverse to length and height.
  • the hook comprises reinforcement means consisting of ribs associated with the wing and / or a fixed rigid oblique connection, on the one hand, of the wing and, on the other hand, of the surface of Home.
  • the cantilever of the hook between the bottom of the bent return and the closest point of attachment at the level of the fastening core is at least 120 mm.
  • Cantilever means the lever arm between the bottom of the elbow return and the fixing point of the hook which is closest to the wing of the hook.
  • Such a cantilever hook allows to arrange two successive solar tiles, including a lower tile and an upper tile, with sufficient coverage for get a good seal, the two tiles being located on either side of the reception part of the hook.
  • the hook has a yield point greater than or equal to 500 N, preferably greater than or equal to 800 N.
  • the elastic limit of the hook is the maximum load for which there is a reversible elastic deformation of the hook and beyond which there is a residual plastic deformation of the hook.
  • the elastic limit of the hook is determined by a test carried out on an Instron tensile machine, which makes it possible to characterize the elastic and then plastic deformation of the hook subjected to a load applied at the bent back of the hook, that is to say in Overhang relative to the fixing points of the hook provided at the fastening core, by drawing the curve giving the load applied in Newtons as a function of the displacement of the bent return in mm.
  • the applied load chosen for the test for determining the elastic limit of the hook is a tensile force in the direction of tearing of the hook relative to its support, which corresponds to a depression of a roof slope under the effect of the wind.
  • This wind-breaking configuration is used to determine the elastic limit of the hook because it corresponds to the situation where the hook is the most mechanically stressed. Indeed, in the case of a tear-off load in the wind, only the hook is stressed, while in the case of a snow load, the frame retrieves part of the load.
  • the elastic limit of the hook is manifested in particular by a change of slope on the curve of the load applied as a function of displacement.
  • the hook has a width greater than 30 mm, preferably at least 40 mm, and a thickness of at least 4 mm.
  • the hook is made of a material such as steel, having a rigidity of at least 275 M Pa, so that its elastic limit, for a width of 40 mm and a material thickness of 4 mm, is preferably at least 800 N.
  • the hook is coated with an epoxy resin for corrosion resistance and provides electrical insulation.
  • the fixing device comprises at least one wedge provided with a notch in which the hook is accommodated and held, the flange of the hook being abutted against the bottom of the notch and the receiving surface. hook being located above the wedge in the mounted position of the device. The wedge makes it possible to position the fixing hook, to secure its fixation and to support on a small portion a lower solar tile.
  • the fixing device for fixing a solar tile 4 mm thick, the fixing device comprises three wedges and three hooks, in particular for a surface tile between 0.65 and 1.65 m 2 .
  • the fixing device comprises at least one smooth integrally having at least three shims.
  • the rail is a support and tracking system for holds and hooks.
  • the fixing device comprises at least one removable mounting system providing a template for laying the shim or shims.
  • the template is made of sheet metal and includes lateral cheeks which allow said template to be positioned in rails for positioning the fastening device and for supporting the solar tiles.
  • the fixing device of the invention is used for the assembly on a framework of solar tiles whose glass substrates have a glass thickness of less than 6 mm, preferably equal to 4 or 5 mm, in particular the solar tiles forming all or part of a roof.
  • the solar tiles between a lower tile and an upper tile advantageously have a covering distance of about 120 mm depending on the slope of the roof.
  • the fixing device of the invention comprises at least one lath, preferably of wood, on which are fixed at least three hooks and corresponding wedges positioning the hooks.
  • the subject of the invention is also an assembly, in particular a solar roof, comprising at least two solar tiles and a fixing device as described above, in which the glass substrate of each solar tile has a thickness of glass that is strictly less than 6 mm, preferably equal to 4 or 5 mm, and the solar tiles have a recovery distance of the order of 120 mm.
  • FIG. 1 is a top view and in perspective of a roof comprising photovoltaic solar tiles
  • FIG. 2 is a partial sectional view along a vertical plane of two solar tiles upper and lower overlapping and fixed to a frame;
  • FIG. 3 is a partial perspective view and from above of the frame and the fixing device of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional view along a vertical plane of Figure 3 with fixing a tile
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view from above of a hook of the fastening device of the invention;
  • - Figure 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of the hook of Figure 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view from below of a variant of the hook of Figure 5;
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view from above of a shim of the fastening device of the invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view from above of a mounting template of the fastening device of the invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a partial perspective view from above of the frame during assembly of the fixing device by means of the template of Figure 9;
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a mounting plate of the device of the invention
  • FIGS. 12 and 13 are curves illustrating comparative tests for strength, respectively load and tear, for a 4 mm tile combined with the fixing device of the invention and a 6 mm tile combined with the device fixing the prior art;
  • FIG. 14 is a perspective view and top, partial, of two tiles overlapping.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a partial view of a solar roof 1 according to the invention mounted on a frame 1A, illustrated very schematically, of a dwelling.
  • the roof has an outer face 10 facing the external environment and intended to receive the light energy, and an inner face 1 1 opposite to the frame 1A. It has a slope like most roofs.
  • the roof has a cover 2 formed by the association of planar solar tiles.
  • Solar tiles unlike photovoltaic modules, are devoid of frame.
  • the tiles comprise photovoltaic cells which may be, in particular, thin-film photovoltaic cells whose absorber layer is based on silicon, amorphous or microcrystalline, based on chalcopyrite compound, in particular of the CIS or CIGS type, or on cadmium telluride base.
  • the photovoltaic cells may be formed from mono or poly-crystalline silicon wafers forming a p / n junction, or organic photovoltaic cells.
  • the photovoltaic cell or cells are laminated between two substrates constituting the front and rear faces of the tile, the front face being formed of a transparent glass substrate arranged facing the incident solar radiation (outer face of the roof ), and the rear or internal face made of a polymeric substrate.
  • the tiles have a thickness of at most 5 mm, and preferably 4 mm. Compared to existing tiles 6 mm thick, we gain in weight of roof. It also provides better energy performance since decreasing the thickness of the glass decreases the absorption of solar energy through the glass thereby increasing the absorption of energy by the photovoltaic cells.
  • the tiles have the following surface dimensions:
  • the tiles are arranged in a pattern called "landscape” or “portrait”. In portrait, the largest dimension is arranged in the direction of the slope of the roof while in landscape, the largest dimension is transverse to the direction of the slope.
  • the tiles are overlapped with each other in the manner of conventional tiles or slates, giving a unitary and continuous surface appearance.
  • the C covering of the tiles is 120 mm in the direction of the slope of the roof, in particular for tiles whose dimension in the direction of the slope is 962 mm, or 1 120 mm, or 1278 mm.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates this covering C of two upper and lower tiles 20A and 20B. Also visible by transparency the fixing device.
  • the fixing device With reference to FIG. 2 showing a partial cross-sectional view of the fixing of an upper tile 20A overlapping a lower tile 20B, the upper part 22 of the lower tile 20B is covered on a 120 mm overlap C by the lower part. 21 of the upper tile 20A and its fixing means 3.
  • the frame 1 A is understood by all means of support and help in fixing the roof.
  • the frame 1A comprises, as is the case, failures 12 perpendicular to the direction of the slope of the roof, the rafters 13 fixed on and transversally to the purlins 12, that is to say say in the direction of the slope, and the battens 14 reported on the rafters 13 parallel to the purlins.
  • wooden slats 15 are added parallel to and between the slats 14, and metal rails 16 are attached to the slats 15 and extending transversely thereto, in the direction of the slope of the slats 14. the roof.
  • the center distance of the rails 16 corresponds to the width of a solar tile.
  • the upper free edge of the side walls 19A and 19B constitutes a support surface of the tiles, two adjacent tiles being intended to rest respectively, one on the edge 19A and the other on the edge 19B.
  • the rail 16 does not need to include two lateral grooves 17, only a side wall edge 19A is sufficient to support the edge tiles.
  • Each of the upper free edges of the side walls 19A and 19B is overlapped by a seal 7 on which the tiles are placed.
  • the seals 7 are only arranged in the direction of the slope. There is no sealing at the overlap of the tiles transversely to the direction of the slope to maintain a natural air gap. It is indeed essential to provide an open section perpendicular to the direction of the slope for the introduction of a flow of air that provides natural ventilation for each of the tiles so as not to increase the temperature of photovoltaic cells whose performance otherwise decreases.
  • the fixing of hooks by the wedges 4 does not disturb the air flow under the tiles.
  • each seal 7 has a non-constant section to absorb the difference in level between the tiles because of their overlap.
  • the rails in addition to their function of supporting the tiles, guarantee through their grooves 17 the waterproofness of the roof. In case of water infiltration at the edge of the tiles, the water will fall into the grooves and run down to the lower end of the rails at a skeleton of the frame to open into a gutter of the roof.
  • the solar tiles are assembled to the frame by the device of the invention which comprises fastening hooks 3 and shims 4.
  • the device comprises, according to alternative embodiments, a positioning jig 5 (FIG. 9) or a support beam 6 (FIG. 11).
  • each hook has a generally S-shaped shape and comprises a fastening core 30, a reception or support surface 31 of the glass, and a return 32 for retaining the glass.
  • the core 30 and the receiving surface 31 are arranged in two distinct parallel planes and interconnected by a wing 33 which is orthogonal to them.
  • the core 30 is intended to be fixed on the attached slats 15 of the frame ( Figure 2), such as by screwing.
  • the core 30 has bores 34 visible in Figure 5, preferably at least three which are arranged staggered to prevent fracture of the wood fibers of the batten during screwing.
  • the receiving surface 31 receives the upper tile 20A, more precisely its lower part 21.
  • the retaining return 32 is arranged at the end of the reception surface, opposite the wing 30.
  • the retaining return 32 has a bottom 32a perpendicular to the reception surface 31 and extending vertically in a direction opposite to the web 30 of the hook, as well as a tab 32b connected to the bottom 32a and parallel to the reception surface 31 extending towards the core 30.
  • the return 32 provides a U-shaped housing 35 for retaining the lower free end 21 of the upper tile 20A, the edge of the glass bearing against the bottom 32b of the return ( Figure 2).
  • the height of the housing corresponds to the thickness of the glass of the tile so that the tile is kept tight without being introduced in force.
  • the dimensions of the hook are the following, with regard to FIGS. 5 and 6:
  • the hooks are preferably of a material having a rigidity of at least 275 M Pa, for example steel.
  • Stainless steel is not suitable.
  • its elastic limit is 800 N.
  • the rigidity is provided by reinforcing means which consist of a rigid oblique connection which is arranged under the receiving surface 31 and integral on the one hand with the wing 33 and on the other hand with the receiving surface 31.
  • the reinforcing means could be in the form of ribs associated with the wing 33.
  • the wedges 4 which are combined with the hooks 3 are useful for the jamming of the lower tiles 20B.
  • each shim 4 is placed under the receiving surface 31 of the fastening hook 3, coplanar with the fastening core 30 and abutting against the orthogonal wing 33. It assures the support of the upper end 22 of the lower solar tile 20B.
  • each wedge 4 is of parallelepipedal general shape.
  • Its thickness or height h c is less than the height h of the orthogonal wing 33 of the hook, so as to fit under the receiving surface 31 of the hook ( Figure 2), between its outer surface 45 and the facing face 33b of the reception surface 31, a space 8. This space is intended to accommodate in a tight engagement the upper end 22 of the lower solar tile 20B.
  • the length L c of the shim 4 is sufficient to provide (FIG. 2) a bearing zone Z at the upper end 22 of the glass of at least 15 mm, for example 17 mm, reducing the risk of deformation of the tile .
  • the wedge 4 is a unitary element according to the first variant of the invention and as illustrated in FIG. 8, when it is positioned by means of the template 5. Each wedge independently is fixed on the slat 15.
  • the wedge 4 is an integral part of the rail 6 ( Figure 1 1) nevertheless having the same characteristics.
  • three wedges 4 are integral with the rail 6.
  • the positioning and fixing of the wedges on the batten 15 are therefore made by the joining of the rail 6 to the batten.
  • the shim is made of plastic material, such as thermoplastic or composite material, for example based on polyamide PA6-GF40.
  • each shim 4 cooperates with a hook 3.
  • this cooperation with reference to FIG. 3 is obtained by the engagement of the fastening core 30 at the level of the wing 33 of the hook in a notch 40 provided on one side of the hold. This notch provides both a guide for fixing the hook and its lateral support, perpendicular to the slope of the roof.
  • the notch 40 comprises a bottom 41 against which the hook wing 33 is intended to abut, and side walls 42 immobilizing the hook transversely to its length.
  • the width of the notch between the two side walls is very substantially greater than the width of the hook, in particular 43 mm for a hook width of 40 mm.
  • the notch 40 has dimensions adapted to ensure the maintenance of the hook aligned in the direction of the slope after fixing the wedges so that the hook ensures in time its function of mechanical fixing of the tile.
  • one of the walls 42 of the notch comprises, at its free end opposite the bottom 41, a shoulder or a protruding pin 43. Once the hook engaged in the notch, this pin 43 avoids before screwing the fastening core 30 a natural tilting of the hook due to the positioning of its center of gravity at the level of the reception surface 31.
  • the wedge 4 Due to this projecting pin 43, the engagement of the hook 3 in the notch can only be done by insertion via the top of the notch and lateral pivoting.
  • the wedge 4 has opposite the notch 40 a chamfer 44 whose inclination extends between the two main bearing faces 45 and 46 of the wedge and in the opposite direction of the notch.
  • the wedge 4 comprises for its fixing a countersink 47. The fixing being made by screwing, the countersink allows a flat head screw does not protrude beyond the outer surface 45 of the hold so as not to create singular point of support for the tile and avoid any deterioration of the tile glass by indentation.
  • the template 5 is used.
  • the metal template 5 is an elongated core element 50 with opposite main faces 51 and 52, and comprising three brackets 53 and two lateral cheeks 54. It has for its removable attachment clamping means 57.
  • the brackets 53 are fixed at regular intervals on one of the faces 51 of the core and protrude vis-à-vis one of the free edges of the soul. They are used to position the wedges 4.
  • the cheeks 54 are arranged on the face 52 of the soul. They serve to position the template 5.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a partial view of the frame at the edge of the roof, during mounting of the fixing device using the template 5.
  • FIG. note that the rail 16 of the roof edge has only one groove 17.
  • the cheeks 54 make it possible to position the jig 5 on the roof by their abutment against the wall 18 of the rails.
  • the momentary fixing of the template on the rails, in order to mount the wedges and the hooks, is obtained by clamping means 57, such as eccentric rollers.
  • clamping means 57 such as eccentric rollers.
  • the free edge of the wall 18 of the rails comprises a notch (not visible) in which the template is housed along its width. So that the same template is adapted to different widths of solar tile, a cheek 54 is fixed while the other is movable being adjustable in translation along the length of the template. Fixing this movable cheek is performed by screwing on the core.
  • each bracket 53 has two orthogonal wings 53a and 53b, the wing 53a being fastened by screwing to the main face 51 while the wing 53b projects from the edge of the web of the template and extends towards the other main face 52 of the soul.
  • the distal end of the wing 53b, opposite to that connected to the other wing 53a, is connected to a step 55 orthogonal to the wing 53b and extended by a counter 56 which is perpendicular thereto.
  • the height from the free end of the counter-force to the web 50 of the template is defined to correspond to the altitude that must be imposed on the reception surface 31 of the hooks 3 receiving the tiles.
  • the free end against the step, when the template is placed on the rails 17, is based on the wooden batten 15.
  • each wedge 4 is placed against the slat 15 so that its notch 40 cooperates with the step 56 which abuts against the bottom 41 of said notch.
  • the wedges 4 are then fixed in their thickness by means of a flat head screw inserted into the counterbore 47.
  • the template 5 is removed.
  • the shims 4 are thus positioned to receive the hooks 3.
  • the hooks can therefore be properly arranged according to a precise alignment and secure mounting.
  • mounting wedges 4 are connected to a support rail 6 as illustrated in Figure 1 1.
  • the rail 6, preferably of aluminum material, has a length corresponding to the spacing of two rails 16. It comprises three shims 4 made integral for example by interlocking, or integral part of the rail by the manufacturing process.
  • the rail has a width less than the length L c of the shims.
  • the arrangement of the wedges engenders the notches 40 protruding from a longitudinal edge of the bar while the chamfers 44 terminate at the other longitudinal edge of the bar.
  • the bar is fixed by screwing in the batten 15.
  • the mounting of the hooks 3 can be performed as in the first embodiment described above, by their interlocking in the notches 40 of the wedges 4.
  • the fastening device of the invention provides a particularly secure fastening for solar tiles of only 4 mm thick, whereas the devices of the prior art can only cooperate with 6 mm tiles.
  • the device of the invention has been tested to meet the weight resistance of the snow (overpressure test) and the wind (depression test).
  • a tile 4 mm thick and 962 mm x 1296 mm surface is fixed thanks to the wedges 4 and three hooks 3 of the device of the invention. Each hook is fixed by five screws.
  • the hooks of the invention have the following dimensional characteristics, as already mentioned above in the example:
  • the thickness of the steel of the hooks is 4 mm with a 0.7 mm epoxy coating
  • the width of the hooks is 40 mm - the length of the hooks is 230 mm
  • the size of the tab 32b of the return 32 is 18 mm.
  • a frame carried by a spreader is applied to the top of the tile via suction cups which are controlled by pneumatic cylinders, the latter exerting either thrust forces (overpressure test) or tensile forces (depression test).
  • the tile undergoes three continuous cycles with each a thrust of 5400 Pa and a traction of 2400 Pa.
  • the curve C1 corresponds to measurement points in the center of the tile for the 4 mm tile and the fixing device of the invention
  • curve C2 corresponds to measurement points on the central hook of the fastening device of the invention
  • curve C3 corresponds to measuring points in the center of the tile for the 6 mm tile and the fixing device of the prior art
  • curve C4 corresponds to measurement points on the central hook of the fixing device of the prior art.
  • the curves express the deformation in mm of the tile or hook as a function of the applied pressure. It can be seen that for overpressure tests (FIG. 12), the 4 mm solar tile associated with the device of the invention (curve C1) undergoes much less deformation than the tile of the prior art (curve C3), while as the hooks (curve C2 compared to curve C4). For the vacuum tests ( Figure 13), it is found that the 4 mm solar tile (curve C1) has a little more deformed than a 6 mm tile (curve C3), but that at least the devices of fixation are equivalent (curves C2 and C4). Despite the deformed, the 4 mm tile meets safety standards.

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Abstract

The present invention relates to an attachment device for a solar tile having a thickness of 4 mm, including for one tile at least three tile attachment hooks (3) combined with corresponding shims (4) for positioning the hooks and supporting the tiles. In addition, the hooks (3) are reinforced by adapted thickness and width dimensions and/or include a reinforcement means.

Description

DISPOSITIF DE FIXATION POUR TUILE SOLAIRE  FIXING DEVICE FOR SOLAR TILE

L'invention concerne un dispositif de fixation pour tuile solaire photovoltaïque. The invention relates to a fixing device for photovoltaic solar tile.

On entend par tuile solaire photovoltaïque, un élément photovoltaïque plat assurant les fonctions communes de module photovoltaïque et de couverture pour un toit de construction à la manière d'une tuile usuelle ou ardoise ou autre élément de couverture similaire. La couverture de toit est assurée de manière connue par le recouvrement partiel des éléments entre eux. Photovoltaic solar tile means a flat photovoltaic element providing the common functions of a photovoltaic module and roof covering for a building roof in the manner of a common tile or slate or other similar covering element. The roof covering is provided in a known manner by partially covering the elements together.

Une tuile solaire est fabriquée à partir de cellules photovoltaïques qui peuvent être, notamment, des cellules photovoltaïques à couches minces dont la couche d'absorbeur est à base de silicium, amorphe ou microcristallin, à base de composé chalcopyrite, notamment de type CIS ou CIGS, ou encore à base de tellurure de cadmium. En variante, les cellules photovoltaïques peuvent être constituées à partir de wafers de silicium mono ou poly-cristallin formant une jonction p/n, ou des cellules photovoltaïques organiques. Quel que soit leur type, les cellules photovoltaïques sont feuilletées généralement entre deux substrats constituant les faces avant et arrière de la tuile, la face avant étant classiquement formée d'un substrat transparent en verre agencé en regard du rayonnement solaire incident, et la face arrière faite d'un substrat polymérique. A solar tile is manufactured from photovoltaic cells which may be, in particular, thin-film photovoltaic cells whose absorber layer is based on silicon, amorphous or microcrystalline, based on chalcopyrite compound, in particular of the CIS or CIGS type. or based on cadmium telluride. Alternatively, the photovoltaic cells may be formed from mono or poly-crystalline silicon wafers forming a p / n junction, or organic photovoltaic cells. Whatever their type, the photovoltaic cells are laminated generally between two substrates constituting the front and rear faces of the tile, the front face being conventionally formed of a transparent glass substrate arranged facing the incident solar radiation, and the rear face made of a polymeric substrate.

Actuellement, lorsqu'un toit intègre des panneaux solaires photovoltaïques, ceux-ci sont formés de modules qui sont rapportés par dessus les éléments de couverture ou bien agencés de manière étanche dans des ouvertures aux dimensions idoines établies après retrait des éléments de couverture existants du toit. Ces panneaux forment des surépaisseurs et ne sont pas particulièrement esthétiques. Currently, when a roof incorporates photovoltaic solar panels, they are formed of modules that are reported over the cover elements or tightly arranged in apertures to the appropriate dimensions established after removal of the solar panels. existing roof cover elements. These panels form extra thicknesses and are not particularly aesthetic.

Aussi, le marché des dispositifs photovoltaïques a vu apparaître des produits de remplacement se présentant sous forme de tuiles solaires photovoltaïques. Ces tuiles ont l'avantage de fournir des surfaces de couverture plates intégrant la fonction de production d'énergie solaire. Also, the market for photovoltaic devices has seen the appearance of replacement products in the form of photovoltaic solar tiles. These tiles have the advantage of providing flat cover surfaces integrating the solar energy production function.

Les tuiles utilisées actuellement sont faites à partir de substrats verriers de 6 mm d'épaisseur qui sont fixés à l'aide de systèmes tels que ceux décrits dans la demande EP 1 362 967 A1 . De tels systèmes de fixation comprennent des crochets dont la section est en forme de S, et des rails de support sur lesquels sont fixés les crochets. Les rails de support sont rendus solidaires des pannes de la charpente. Les crochets sont agencés perpendiculairement aux rails, chaque crochet présentant une extrémité fixée au rail, tandis que la seconde extrémité s'étend dans un plan supérieur et parallèle à la première extrémité. La seconde extrémité du crochet présente un retour dans lequel est inséré par coincement le bord inférieur d'un substrat verrier. The tiles currently used are made from glass substrates 6 mm thick which are fixed using systems such as those described in EP 1 362 967 A1. Such fastening systems comprise hooks whose section is S-shaped, and support rails on which the hooks are fixed. The support rails are made integral with the breakdowns of the frame. The hooks are arranged perpendicular to the rails, each hook having an end fixed to the rail, while the second end extends in an upper plane and parallel to the first end. The second end of the hook has a return in which is inserted by wedging the lower edge of a glass substrate.

Ces tuiles et leur système de fixation doivent répondre à des critères de résistante mécanique, notamment de façon à résister à une charge de neige ou d'arrachement au vent. Aussi tout nouveau système de fixation pour tuiles solaires est testé pour répondre à ces critères, et en particulier à la norme IEC 61215. These tiles and their fastening system must meet the criteria of mechanical resistance, especially to withstand a load of snow or tear to the wind. Also new fixing system for solar tiles is tested to meet these criteria, and in particular the IEC 61215 standard.

Afin de gagner en poids de toiture sur une construction, il a été envisagé de réduire l'épaisseur des substrats verriers en passant de 6 mm à 4 mm. Des tests de dépression simulant l'arrachement au vent (sous 2400 Pa) ont été effectués sur des tuiles solaires à substrats verriers d'épaisseur 4 mm assemblées par les systèmes de fixation connus du type à crochets tels que décrits dans la demande ci-dessus EP 1 362 967 A1 et commercialisés par la société Swiss Solar System sous la dénomination MegaSIate®. In order to reduce the weight of roofing on a construction, it has been envisaged to reduce the thickness of the glass substrates from 6 mm to 4 mm. Depression tests simulating wind breaking (under 2400 Pa) were carried out on solar tiles with glass substrates 4 mm thick assembled by the known fastening systems of the hook type as described in the above application EP 1 362 967 A1 and marketed by the Swiss Solar System company under the MegaSIate® name.

Or, il s'est avéré que ces crochets habituellement utilisés pour des substrats verriers de 6 mm n'ont pas été suffisamment résistants, subissant de très fortes déformations de leur matériau constitutif. En outre, les substrats verriers eux-mêmes se sont déformés, ce qui, combiné à la dégradation des crochets, a conduit au déchaussement des tuiles. However, it has been found that these hooks usually used for glass substrates of 6 mm have not been sufficiently resistant, undergoing very strong deformations of their constituent material. In addition, the glass substrates themselves have deformed, which, combined with the degradation of the hooks, led to the loosening of the tiles.

Par ailleurs, cet inconvénient a été montré pour une pression qui reste bien inférieure à la pression requise minimale de 2400 Pa à laquelle doit résister une toiture. Moreover, this disadvantage has been shown for a pressure which remains well below the minimum required pressure of 2400 Pa to which a roof must resist.

La société Swiss Solar System a néanmoins conçu un produit répondant à la norme, tout en utilisant des substrats verriers d'épaisseur réduite à 5mm. A cet égard, afin de limiter le porte-à-faux des crochets et donc leur déformation, la zone de recouvrement entre tuiles a été réduite en passant de 120 mm à 50 mm. The company Swiss Solar System has nonetheless developed a product that meets the standard, while using glass substrates of reduced thickness to 5mm. In this respect, in order to limit the overhang of the hooks and therefore their deformation, the overlap area between tiles has been reduced from 120 mm to 50 mm.

Or, la diminution de la zone de recouvrement entre tuiles d'épaisseur de 5 mm s'est avérée préjudiciable à la bonne étanchéité du toit, telle que constatée en particulier lors de tests par le Centre Technique Matériaux Naturel de Couverture (CTMNC) de Paris. However, the reduction in the overlap zone between tiles with a thickness of 5 mm has proved to be detrimental to the good watertightness of the roof, as found especially during tests by the Natural Materials Materials Center (CTMNC) in Paris. .

Ainsi, il a été mis en évidence que si l'étanchéité reste correcte au regard d'un recouvrement de 120 mm pour des pentes relativement faibles (14% pour du vent de face et 6% pour du vent latéral), l'étanchéité n'est pas obtenue avec un recouvrement de 50 mm. Thus, it has been shown that if the seal remains correct with regard to a covering of 120 mm for relatively low slopes (14% for headwind and 6% for side wind), sealing is not achieved with a 50 mm overlap.

L'invention a donc pour but de proposer une solution de système de fixation pour tuiles solaires photovoltaïques dont les substrats verriers peuvent présenter si besoin une épaisseur inférieure à 6 mm, réduisant par conséquent le poids de la toiture, tout en répondant aux normes de sécurité des toitures solaires. En outre, la réduction d'épaisseur améliore la transmission lumineuse du verre. The purpose of the invention is therefore to propose a fixing system solution for photovoltaic solar tiles, the glass substrates of which may have a thickness of less than 6 mm if necessary, thereby reducing the weight of the roof while meeting safety standards. solar roofs. In addition, the reduction in thickness improves the light transmission of the glass.

Le dispositif de fixation pour tuiles solaires de l'invention comporte au moins un crochet de forme allongée dont la section a une forme générale en S, présentant une âme de fixation, une surface d'accueil parallèle à l'âme, une aile reliant l'âme à la surface d'accueil de manière orthogonale à celles-ci et correspondant à la zone de pliage du S, la surface d'accueil étant destinée à porter une tuile dite supérieure et servant à la reprise des efforts de pression subis par la tuile tel qu'un chargement de neige, et en extrémité de la surface d'accueil, à l'opposé de l'aile, un retour coudé en direction de l'aile pour ménager un logement destiné au maintien de la tuile dans le sens du rampant en fournissant une butée d'arrêt et assurant à la tuile une tenue à la dépression tel que le vent. Le dispositif est caractérisé en ce que le crochet est renforcé par des dimensions adaptées en épaisseur et largeur. On entend par « inférieur » et « supérieur » dans la suite de la description, des qualificatifs relatifs à des éléments d'une toiture considérés dans leur position montée l'un au-dessus de l'autre selon la pente d'un toit. The fastening device for solar tiles of the invention comprises at least one elongated hook whose section has a general S shape, having a fastening core, a receiving surface parallel to the core, a wing connecting the to the receiving surface orthogonally thereto and corresponding to the folding zone of the S, the receiving surface being intended to carry a so-called upper tile and serving for the resumption of the pressure forces undergone by the tile such as a snow load, and at the end of the reception area, opposite the wing, a bent back towards the wing to provide a housing for maintaining the tile in the direction crawling by providing a stop-stop and ensuring the tile with a holding to the depression such as the wind. The device is characterized in that the hook is reinforced by dimensions adapted in thickness and width. The term "lower" and "upper" in the remainder of the description, qualifiers relating to elements of a roof considered in their position mounted one above the other according to the slope of a roof.

Les qualificatifs « externe » et « interne » sont relatifs aux faces d'éléments considérés dans leur position montée dans la toiture, respectivement, disposées en regard de l'environnement extérieur et de manière opposée, vers l'intérieur de l'habitation. The qualifiers "external" and "internal" are relative to the faces of elements considered in their position mounted in the roof, respectively, arranged opposite the external environment and in opposite manner, towards the interior of the dwelling.

La « hauteur » s'entend de la dimension qui est orthogonale au plan de la toiture. "Height" refers to the dimension that is orthogonal to the roof plane.

Le crochet présente un corps allongé présentant deux faces principales parallèles, l'une destinée à être en regard de l'environnement extérieur de la toiture dans la position montée du crochet et dite « face avant » ou externe, et l'autre opposée, dite « face arrière » ou interne destinée à être en regard de la charpente. The hook has an elongated body having two parallel main faces, one intended to be facing the external environment of the roof in the mounted position of the hook and said "front face" or external, and the other opposite, called "Rear face" or internal intended to be facing the frame.

La « longueur » du crochet s'entend par la grandeur dimensionnelle selon l'extension longitudinale du corps du crochet. Sa « hauteur » s'entend par la dimension s'étendant entre les deux faces principales du crochet. Sa « largeur » s'entend par la grandeur transversale à la longueur et à la hauteur. The "length" of the hook is understood by the dimensional size according to the longitudinal extension of the body of the hook. Its "height" is understood by the dimension extending between the two main faces of the hook. Its "width" is understood by the size transverse to length and height.

Selon une caractéristique, le crochet comprend des moyens de renfort consistant en des nervures associées à l'aile et/ou une liaison rigide oblique solidaire, d'une part, de l'aile et, d'autre part, de la surface d'accueil. According to one characteristic, the hook comprises reinforcement means consisting of ribs associated with the wing and / or a fixed rigid oblique connection, on the one hand, of the wing and, on the other hand, of the surface of Home.

De manière avantageuse, le porte-à-faux du crochet entre le fond du retour coudé et le point de fixation le plus proche au niveau de l'âme de fixation est d'au moins 120 mm. On entend par porte-à-faux le bras de levier entre le fond du retour coudé et le point de fixation du crochet qui est le plus proche de l'aile du crochet. Un tel porte-à-faux du crochet permet d'agencer deux tuiles solaires successives, notamment une tuile inférieure et une tuile supérieure, avec un recouvrement suffisant pour obtenir une bonne étanchéité, les deux tuiles étant situées de part et d'autre de la partie d'accueil du crochet. Advantageously, the cantilever of the hook between the bottom of the bent return and the closest point of attachment at the level of the fastening core is at least 120 mm. Cantilever means the lever arm between the bottom of the elbow return and the fixing point of the hook which is closest to the wing of the hook. Such a cantilever hook allows to arrange two successive solar tiles, including a lower tile and an upper tile, with sufficient coverage for get a good seal, the two tiles being located on either side of the reception part of the hook.

Selon une caractéristique, le crochet a une limite élastique supérieure ou égale à 500 N, de préférence supérieure ou égale à 800 N. According to one characteristic, the hook has a yield point greater than or equal to 500 N, preferably greater than or equal to 800 N.

Au sens de l'invention, la limite élastique du crochet est la charge maximale pour laquelle on a une déformation élastique réversible du crochet et au-delà de laquelle on a une déformation plastique rémanente du crochet. La limite élastique du crochet est déterminée par un test réalisé sur une machine de traction Instron, qui permet de caractériser la déformation élastique puis plastique du crochet soumis à une charge appliquée au niveau du retour coudé du crochet, c'est-à-dire en porte-à- faux par rapport aux points de fixation du crochet prévus au niveau de l'âme de fixation, en traçant la courbe donnant la charge appliquée en Newtons en fonction du déplacement du retour coudé en mm. La charge appliquée choisie pour le test de détermination de la limite élastique du crochet est une force de traction dans le sens d'un arrachement du crochet par rapport à son support, ce qui correspond à une mise en dépression d'un versant de toiture sous l'effet du vent. Cette configuration d'arrachement au vent est utilisée pour déterminer la limite élastique du crochet car elle correspond à la situation où le crochet est le plus sollicité d'un point de vue mécanique, En effet, dans le cas d'une charge d'arrachement au vent, seul le crochet est sollicité, alors que dans le cas d'un chargement de neige, la charpente récupère une partie de la charge. La limite élastique du crochet se manifeste notamment par un changement de pente sur la courbe de la charge appliquée en fonction du déplacement. Avantageusement, le crochet présente une largeur supérieure à 30 mm, de préférence d'au moins 40 mm, et une épaisseur d'au moins 4 mm. For the purposes of the invention, the elastic limit of the hook is the maximum load for which there is a reversible elastic deformation of the hook and beyond which there is a residual plastic deformation of the hook. The elastic limit of the hook is determined by a test carried out on an Instron tensile machine, which makes it possible to characterize the elastic and then plastic deformation of the hook subjected to a load applied at the bent back of the hook, that is to say in Overhang relative to the fixing points of the hook provided at the fastening core, by drawing the curve giving the load applied in Newtons as a function of the displacement of the bent return in mm. The applied load chosen for the test for determining the elastic limit of the hook is a tensile force in the direction of tearing of the hook relative to its support, which corresponds to a depression of a roof slope under the effect of the wind. This wind-breaking configuration is used to determine the elastic limit of the hook because it corresponds to the situation where the hook is the most mechanically stressed. Indeed, in the case of a tear-off load in the wind, only the hook is stressed, while in the case of a snow load, the frame retrieves part of the load. The elastic limit of the hook is manifested in particular by a change of slope on the curve of the load applied as a function of displacement. Advantageously, the hook has a width greater than 30 mm, preferably at least 40 mm, and a thickness of at least 4 mm.

Selon une autre caractéristique, le crochet est en un matériau tel qu'en acier, présentant une rigidité d'au moins 275 M Pa, de sorte que sa limite élastique, pour une largeur de 40 mm et une épaisseur de matériau de 4 mm, est d'au moins 800 N. De préférence, le crochet est revêtu d'une résine époxy pour la tenue à la corrosion et procurer une isolation électrique. According to another characteristic, the hook is made of a material such as steel, having a rigidity of at least 275 M Pa, so that its elastic limit, for a width of 40 mm and a material thickness of 4 mm, is preferably at least 800 N. Preferably, the hook is coated with an epoxy resin for corrosion resistance and provides electrical insulation.

En comparaison, les crochets de l'art antérieur en inox de 170 MPa et de largeur de 30 mm pour une épaisseur de matériau de 4 mm présentent une limite élastique de 400 N, résistant donc beaucoup moins aux efforts de pression ou de traction. In comparison, the hooks of the prior art stainless steel 170 MPa and 30 mm width for a material thickness of 4 mm have a yield strength of 400 N, therefore much less resistant to pressure or tensile stresses.

De préférence, l'âme de fixation du crochet est fixée à la charpente à l'aide d'au moins trois vis disposées en quinconce. Preferably, the fixing web of the hook is fixed to the frame using at least three screws arranged in staggered rows.

Selon encore une autre caractéristique, le dispositif de fixation comprend au moins une cale pourvue d'une encoche dans laquelle est logé et maintenu le crochet, l'aile du crochet étant en butée contre le fond de l'encoche et la surface d'accueil du crochet étant située au-dessus de la cale en position montée du dispositif. La cale permet de positionner le crochet de fixation, de sécuriser sa fixation et de supporter sur une faible portion une tuile solaire inférieure. According to yet another characteristic, the fixing device comprises at least one wedge provided with a notch in which the hook is accommodated and held, the flange of the hook being abutted against the bottom of the notch and the receiving surface. hook being located above the wedge in the mounted position of the device. The wedge makes it possible to position the fixing hook, to secure its fixation and to support on a small portion a lower solar tile.

Avantageusement, la cale présente des moyens de maintien du crochet dans l'encoche. La cale présente une surface d'appui d'au moins 15 mm destinée à recevoir par appui l'extrémité supérieure d'une tuile inférieure afin de s'opposer aux efforts engendrés par un chargement climatique du type neige. Advantageously, the wedge has means for holding the hook in the notch. The wedge has a bearing surface of at least 15 mm intended to receive by support the upper end of a lower tile to oppose the forces generated by snow-type climate loading.

Selon l'invention, pour la fixation d'une tuile solaire de 4 mm d'épaisseur, le dispositif de fixation comporte trois cales et trois crochets, en particulier pour une tuile de surface comprise entre 0,65 et 1 ,65 m2. Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention quant au montage de plusieurs cales qui coopèrent après leur fixation avec des crochets respectifs, le dispositif de fixation comprend au moins une lisse présentant de manière solidaire au moins trois cales. La lisse constitue un système de support et de repérage pour les cales et les crochets. According to the invention, for fixing a solar tile 4 mm thick, the fixing device comprises three wedges and three hooks, in particular for a surface tile between 0.65 and 1.65 m 2 . According to one embodiment of the invention as to the mounting of several wedges which cooperate after their attachment with respective hooks, the fixing device comprises at least one smooth integrally having at least three shims. The rail is a support and tracking system for holds and hooks.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention quant au montage de plusieurs cales, le dispositif de fixation comprend au moins un système de montage amovible procurant un gabarit de pose de la ou des cales. Le gabarit est en tôle et comprend des joues latérales qui permettent de positionner ledit gabarit dans des rails servant au positionnement du dispositif de fixation et au support des tuiles solaires. According to another embodiment of the invention for mounting several shims, the fixing device comprises at least one removable mounting system providing a template for laying the shim or shims. The template is made of sheet metal and includes lateral cheeks which allow said template to be positioned in rails for positioning the fastening device and for supporting the solar tiles.

Le dispositif de fixation de l'invention est utilisé pour l'assemblage sur une charpente de tuiles solaires dont les substrats verriers ont une épaisseur de verre inférieure à 6 mm, de préférence égale à 4 ou 5 mm, en particulier les tuiles solaires formant tout ou partie d'une toiture. Les tuiles solaires entre une tuile inférieure et une tuile supérieure présentent avantageusement une distance de recouvrement de l'ordre de 120 mm selon la pente de la toiture. De manière avantageuse, le dispositif de fixation de l'invention comporte au moins une latte, de préférence en bois, sur laquelle sont fixées au moins trois crochets et cales correspondantes de positionnement des crochets. L'invention a également pour objet un ensemble, notamment une toiture solaire, comprenant au moins deux tuiles solaires et un dispositif de fixation tel que décrit ci-dessus, dans lequel le substrat verrier de chaque tuile solaire a une épaisseur de verre strictement inférieure à 6 mm, de préférence égale à 4 ou 5 mm, et les tuiles solaires présentent une distance de recouvrement de l'ordre de 120 mm. The fixing device of the invention is used for the assembly on a framework of solar tiles whose glass substrates have a glass thickness of less than 6 mm, preferably equal to 4 or 5 mm, in particular the solar tiles forming all or part of a roof. The solar tiles between a lower tile and an upper tile advantageously have a covering distance of about 120 mm depending on the slope of the roof. Advantageously, the fixing device of the invention comprises at least one lath, preferably of wood, on which are fixed at least three hooks and corresponding wedges positioning the hooks. The subject of the invention is also an assembly, in particular a solar roof, comprising at least two solar tiles and a fixing device as described above, in which the glass substrate of each solar tile has a thickness of glass that is strictly less than 6 mm, preferably equal to 4 or 5 mm, and the solar tiles have a recovery distance of the order of 120 mm.

La présente invention est maintenant décrite à l'aide d'exemples uniquement illustratifs et nullement limitatifs de la portée de l'invention, et à partir des illustrations ci-jointes, dans lesquelles : The present invention is now described with the aid of examples which are only illustrative and in no way limit the scope of the invention, and from the attached illustrations, in which:

- La figure 1 est une vue de dessus et en perspective d'une toiture comprenant des tuiles solaires photovoltaïques ;  - Figure 1 is a top view and in perspective of a roof comprising photovoltaic solar tiles;

- la figure 2 est une vue en coupe partielle selon un plan vertical de deux tuiles solaires inférieure et supérieure se chevauchant et fixées à une charpente ;  - Figure 2 is a partial sectional view along a vertical plane of two solar tiles upper and lower overlapping and fixed to a frame;

- la figure 3 est une vue partielle en perspective et de dessus de la charpente et du dispositif de fixation de l'invention;  - Figure 3 is a partial perspective view and from above of the frame and the fixing device of the invention;

- la figure 4 est une vue en coupe selon un plan vertical de la figure 3 avec fixation d'une tuile ;  - Figure 4 is a sectional view along a vertical plane of Figure 3 with fixing a tile;

- la figure 5 est une vue en perspective de dessus d'un crochet du dispositif de fixation de l'invention ; - la figure 6 est une vue en coupe longitudinale du crochet de la figure 5 ; FIG. 5 is a perspective view from above of a hook of the fastening device of the invention; - Figure 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of the hook of Figure 5;

- la figure 7 est une vue en perspective de dessous d'une variante du crochet de la figure 5 ;  - Figure 7 is a perspective view from below of a variant of the hook of Figure 5;

- la figure 8 est une vue en perspective et de dessus d'une cale du dispositif de fixation de l'invention ;  FIG. 8 is a perspective view from above of a shim of the fastening device of the invention;

- la figure 9 est une vue en perspective et de dessus d'un gabarit de montage du dispositif de fixation de l'invention ;  - Figure 9 is a perspective view from above of a mounting template of the fastening device of the invention;

- la figure 10 est une vue partielle en perspective et de dessus de la charpente en cours de montage du dispositif de fixation au moyen du gabarit de la figure 9 ;  - Figure 10 is a partial perspective view from above of the frame during assembly of the fixing device by means of the template of Figure 9;

- la figure 1 1 est une vue en perspective d'une lisse de fixation du dispositif de l'invention ;  - Figure 1 1 is a perspective view of a mounting plate of the device of the invention;

- les figures 12 et 13 sont des courbes illustrant des tests comparatifs à la résistance, respectivement à la charge et l'arrachement, pour une tuile de 4 mm combinée au dispositif de fixation de l'invention et une tuile de 6 mm combinée au dispositif de fixation de l'art antérieur ;  FIGS. 12 and 13 are curves illustrating comparative tests for strength, respectively load and tear, for a 4 mm tile combined with the fixing device of the invention and a 6 mm tile combined with the device fixing the prior art;

- La figure 14 est une vue en perspective et de dessus, partielle, de deux tuiles se chevauchant.  - Figure 14 is a perspective view and top, partial, of two tiles overlapping.

La figure 1 illustre une vue partielle d'une toiture solaire 1 selon l'invention montée sur une charpente 1A, illustrée très schématiquement, d'une habitation. FIG. 1 illustrates a partial view of a solar roof 1 according to the invention mounted on a frame 1A, illustrated very schematically, of a dwelling.

La toiture présente une face externe 10 en regard de l'environnement extérieur et destinée à recevoir l'énergie lumineuse, et une face interne 1 1 opposée en regard de la charpente 1A. Elle présente une pente comme la plupart des toitures. La toiture comporte une couverture 2 formée par l'association de tuiles solaires 20 planes. The roof has an outer face 10 facing the external environment and intended to receive the light energy, and an inner face 1 1 opposite to the frame 1A. It has a slope like most roofs. The roof has a cover 2 formed by the association of planar solar tiles.

Les tuiles solaires, au contraire des modules photovoltaïques, sont dépourvues de cadre. Solar tiles, unlike photovoltaic modules, are devoid of frame.

Les tuiles comportent des cellules photovoltaïques qui peuvent être, notamment, des cellules photovoltaïques à couches minces dont la couche d'absorbeur est à base de silicium, amorphe ou microcristallin, à base de composé chalcopyrite, notamment de type CIS ou CIGS, ou encore à base de tellurure de cadmium. En variante, les cellules photovoltaïques peuvent être constituées à partir de wafers de silicium mono ou poly-cristallin formant une jonction p/n, ou des cellules photovoltaïques organiques. Pour chaque tuile solaire, la ou les cellules photovoltaïques sont feuilletées entre deux substrats constituant les faces avant et arrière de la tuile, la face avant étant formée d'un substrat transparent en verre agencé en regard du rayonnement solaire incident (face externe de la toiture), et la face arrière ou interne faite d'un substrat polymérique. The tiles comprise photovoltaic cells which may be, in particular, thin-film photovoltaic cells whose absorber layer is based on silicon, amorphous or microcrystalline, based on chalcopyrite compound, in particular of the CIS or CIGS type, or on cadmium telluride base. Alternatively, the photovoltaic cells may be formed from mono or poly-crystalline silicon wafers forming a p / n junction, or organic photovoltaic cells. For each solar tile, the photovoltaic cell or cells are laminated between two substrates constituting the front and rear faces of the tile, the front face being formed of a transparent glass substrate arranged facing the incident solar radiation (outer face of the roof ), and the rear or internal face made of a polymeric substrate.

Les tuiles solaires dans leur fonction ne sont pas davantage décrites ici car n'étant pas l'objet de l'invention et connues par ailleurs. The solar tiles in their function are not further described here because they are not the subject of the invention and are otherwise known.

Selon l'invention, les tuiles présentent une épaisseur d'au plus 5 mm, et de préférence de 4 mm. Par rapport aux tuiles existantes de 6 mm d'épaisseur, on gagne en poids de toiture. On fournit également une meilleure performance énergétique puisqu'en diminuant l'épaisseur du verre, on diminue l'absorption de l'énergie solaire au travers du verre en augmentant ainsi l'absorption de l'énergie par les cellules photovoltaïques. De préférence, les tuiles présentent les dimensions surfaciques suivantes : According to the invention, the tiles have a thickness of at most 5 mm, and preferably 4 mm. Compared to existing tiles 6 mm thick, we gain in weight of roof. It also provides better energy performance since decreasing the thickness of the glass decreases the absorption of solar energy through the glass thereby increasing the absorption of energy by the photovoltaic cells. Preferably, the tiles have the following surface dimensions:

- 664 mm x 962 mm, ou  - 664 mm x 962 mm, or

- 1296 mm x 962 mm ou  - 1296 mm x 962 mm or

- 1296 mm x 1278 mm, ou  - 1296 mm x 1278 mm, or

- 1296 mm x 1 120 mm.  - 1296 mm x 1120 mm.

Les tuiles sont disposées selon un motif dit « paysage » ou « portrait ». En portrait, la plus grande dimension est agencée dans le sens de la pente de la toiture tandis qu'en paysage, la plus grande dimension est transversale au sens de la pente. The tiles are arranged in a pattern called "landscape" or "portrait". In portrait, the largest dimension is arranged in the direction of the slope of the roof while in landscape, the largest dimension is transverse to the direction of the slope.

Les tuiles sont disposées les unes par rapport aux autres par chevauchement à la manière de tuiles usuelles ou d'ardoises, donnant un aspect de surface unitaire et continue. The tiles are overlapped with each other in the manner of conventional tiles or slates, giving a unitary and continuous surface appearance.

Le recouvrement C des tuiles est de 120 mm dans la direction de la pente de la toiture, en particulier pour des tuiles dont la dimension dans le sens de la pente est de 962 mm, ou 1 120 mm, ou 1278 mm. The C covering of the tiles is 120 mm in the direction of the slope of the roof, in particular for tiles whose dimension in the direction of the slope is 962 mm, or 1 120 mm, or 1278 mm.

La figure 14 illustre ce recouvrement C de deux tuiles supérieure 20A et inférieure 20B. Est également visible par transparence le dispositif de fixation. Ainsi, en regard de la figure 2 montrant une vue en coupe partielle de la fixation d'une tuile supérieure 20A chevauchant une tuile inférieure 20B, la partie supérieure 22 de la tuile inférieure 20B est recouverte sur 120 mm de chevauchement C par la partie inférieure 21 de la tuile supérieure 20A et son moyen de fixation 3. La charpente 1 A s'entend par tous les moyens de soutènement et d'aide à la fixation de la toiture. FIG. 14 illustrates this covering C of two upper and lower tiles 20A and 20B. Also visible by transparency the fixing device. Thus, with reference to FIG. 2 showing a partial cross-sectional view of the fixing of an upper tile 20A overlapping a lower tile 20B, the upper part 22 of the lower tile 20B is covered on a 120 mm overlap C by the lower part. 21 of the upper tile 20A and its fixing means 3. The frame 1 A is understood by all means of support and help in fixing the roof.

En particulier en regard de la figure 3, la charpente 1A comporte, tel qu'usuellement, des pannes 12 perpendiculaires à la direction de la pente de la toiture, des chevrons 13 fixés sur et transversalement aux pannes 12, c'est-à-dire dans le sens de la pente, et des liteaux 14 rapportés sur les chevrons 13 parallèlement aux pannes. En outre, selon l'invention, des lattes en bois 15 sont ajoutées parallèlement et entre les liteaux 14, et des rails métalliques 16 sont rapportés sur les lattes 15 et s'étendant transversalement à celles-ci, dans le sens de la pente de la toiture. L'entraxe des rails 16 correspond à la largeur d'une tuile solaire. In particular with regard to FIG. 3, the frame 1A comprises, as is the case, failures 12 perpendicular to the direction of the slope of the roof, the rafters 13 fixed on and transversally to the purlins 12, that is to say say in the direction of the slope, and the battens 14 reported on the rafters 13 parallel to the purlins. In addition, according to the invention, wooden slats 15 are added parallel to and between the slats 14, and metal rails 16 are attached to the slats 15 and extending transversely thereto, in the direction of the slope of the slats 14. the roof. The center distance of the rails 16 corresponds to the width of a solar tile.

Sur les figures 3 et 4, on distingue que chaque rail 16 comporte une paroi centrale 18 et deux rainures latérales 17 de part et d'autre de la paroi centrale et délimitées par des parois latérales respectives 19A et 19B, les rainures présentant leur gorge en regard de l'environnement extérieur. In FIGS. 3 and 4, it can be seen that each rail 16 comprises a central wall 18 and two lateral grooves 17 on either side of the central wall and delimited by respective lateral walls 19A and 19B, the grooves having their grooves in look at the external environment.

Le bord libre supérieur des parois latérales 19A et 19B constitue une surface de support des tuiles, deux tuiles adjacentes étant destinées à reposer respectivement, l'une sur le bord 19A et l'autre sur le bord 19B. Pour les côtés d'extrémité de la toiture, le rail 16 n'a pas besoin de comprendre deux rainures latérales 17, seul un bord 19A de paroi latérale suffit à supporter les tuiles de rive. The upper free edge of the side walls 19A and 19B constitutes a support surface of the tiles, two adjacent tiles being intended to rest respectively, one on the edge 19A and the other on the edge 19B. For the end sides of the roof, the rail 16 does not need to include two lateral grooves 17, only a side wall edge 19A is sufficient to support the edge tiles.

Chacun des bords libres supérieur des parois latérales 19A et 19B est chevauché par un joint d'étanchéité 7 sur lequel sont posées les tuiles. Les joints d'étanchéité 7 sont uniquement disposés dans le sens de la pente. Il n'y a aucune étanchéité au niveau du chevauchement des tuiles transversalement au sens de la pente pour maintenir un interstice d'aération naturelle. Il est en effet essentiel de fournir une section ouverte perpendiculaire au sens de la pente pour l'introduction d'un flux d'air qui assure une ventilation naturelle pour chacune des tuiles afin de ne pas augmenter la température des cellules photovoltaïques dont le rendement sinon diminue. La fixation de crochets par les cales 4 (décrites plus loin) ne perturbe en rien l'écoulement d'air sous les tuiles. Each of the upper free edges of the side walls 19A and 19B is overlapped by a seal 7 on which the tiles are placed. The seals 7 are only arranged in the direction of the slope. There is no sealing at the overlap of the tiles transversely to the direction of the slope to maintain a natural air gap. It is indeed essential to provide an open section perpendicular to the direction of the slope for the introduction of a flow of air that provides natural ventilation for each of the tiles so as not to increase the temperature of photovoltaic cells whose performance otherwise decreases. The fixing of hooks by the wedges 4 (described below) does not disturb the air flow under the tiles.

Avantageusement, chaque joint 7 présente une section non constante pour absorber la différence de niveau entre les tuiles en raison de leur recouvrement. Advantageously, each seal 7 has a non-constant section to absorb the difference in level between the tiles because of their overlap.

Les rails, outre leur fonction de support des tuiles, garantissent grâce à leurs rainures 17 l'étanchéité de la toiture. En cas d'infiltration d'eau en bord des tuiles, l'eau tombera dans les rainures et ruissèlera jusqu'à l'extrémité inférieure des rails au niveau d'une sablière de la charpente pour déboucher dans une gouttière de la toiture. The rails, in addition to their function of supporting the tiles, guarantee through their grooves 17 the waterproofness of the roof. In case of water infiltration at the edge of the tiles, the water will fall into the grooves and run down to the lower end of the rails at a skeleton of the frame to open into a gutter of the roof.

Tels que visible sur les figures 2 à 4, les tuiles solaires sont assemblées à la charpente par le dispositif de l'invention qui comporte des crochets de fixation 3 et des cales 4. As can be seen in FIGS. 2 to 4, the solar tiles are assembled to the frame by the device of the invention which comprises fastening hooks 3 and shims 4.

Dans cet exemple de réalisation, chaque substrat verrier a une épaisseur de 4 mm et est fixé à l'aide de trois crochets visibles en détail sur les figures 5 à 7. Les trois crochets 3 sont fixés à intervalles réguliers sur chaque latte 15, et coopèrent avec respectivement trois cales 4. In this embodiment, each glass substrate has a thickness of 4 mm and is fixed with three hooks visible in detail in Figures 5 to 7. The three hooks 3 are fixed at regular intervals on each slat 15, and cooperate with three wedges 4 respectively.

Afin d'agencer aux endroits idoines les crochets 3 et les cales 4, le dispositif comprend selon des variantes de réalisation, un gabarit de positionnement 5 (figure 9) ou une lisse de support 6 (figure 1 1 ). In order to arrange in appropriate places the hooks 3 and the wedges 4, the device comprises, according to alternative embodiments, a positioning jig 5 (FIG. 9) or a support beam 6 (FIG. 11).

Les crochets sont de forme et de dimensions identiques. En regard des figures 5 et 6, chaque crochet présente une forme générale en S et comporte une âme de fixation 30, une surface d'accueil ou d'appui 31 du verre, et un retour 32 de retenue du verre. The hooks are of identical shape and size. With reference to FIGS. 5 and 6, each hook has a generally S-shaped shape and comprises a fastening core 30, a reception or support surface 31 of the glass, and a return 32 for retaining the glass.

L'âme 30 et la surface d'accueil 31 sont disposées dans deux plans distincts parallèles et reliées entre elles par une aile 33 qui leur est orthogonale. The core 30 and the receiving surface 31 are arranged in two distinct parallel planes and interconnected by a wing 33 which is orthogonal to them.

L'âme 30 est destinée à être fixée sur les lattes rapportées 15 de la charpente (figure 2), tel que par vissage. A cet effet, l'âme 30 comporte des alésages 34 visibles sur la figure 5, de préférence au moins trois qui sont disposés en quinconce afin d'éviter une fracture des fibres de bois de la latte lors du vissage. The core 30 is intended to be fixed on the attached slats 15 of the frame (Figure 2), such as by screwing. For this purpose, the core 30 has bores 34 visible in Figure 5, preferably at least three which are arranged staggered to prevent fracture of the wood fibers of the batten during screwing.

En regard de la figure 2, la surface d'accueil 31 reçoit en applique la tuile supérieure 20A, plus précisément sa partie inférieure 21 . With reference to FIG. 2, the receiving surface 31 receives the upper tile 20A, more precisely its lower part 21.

Le retour de retenue 32 est agencé à l'extrémité de la surface d'accueil, à l'opposé de l'aile 30. En regard de la figure 6, le retour de retenue 32 présente un fond 32a perpendiculaire à la surface d'accueil 31 et s'étendant verticalement dans une direction opposée à l'âme 30 du crochet, ainsi qu'une patte 32b reliée au fond 32a et parallèle à la surface d'accueil 31 en s'étendant en direction de l'âme 30. The retaining return 32 is arranged at the end of the reception surface, opposite the wing 30. With reference to FIG. 6, the retaining return 32 has a bottom 32a perpendicular to the reception surface 31 and extending vertically in a direction opposite to the web 30 of the hook, as well as a tab 32b connected to the bottom 32a and parallel to the reception surface 31 extending towards the core 30.

Le retour 32 procure un logement 35 en forme de U destiné à retenir l'extrémité libre inférieure 21 de la tuile supérieure 20A, la tranche du verre venant en appui contre le fond 32b du retour (figure 2). La hauteur du logement correspond à l'épaisseur du verre de la tuile de sorte que la tuile y est maintenue serrée sans y être introduite en force. The return 32 provides a U-shaped housing 35 for retaining the lower free end 21 of the upper tile 20A, the edge of the glass bearing against the bottom 32b of the return (Figure 2). The height of the housing corresponds to the thickness of the glass of the tile so that the tile is kept tight without being introduced in force.

Les dimensions du crochet sont les suivantes, en regard des figures 5 et 6 : The dimensions of the hook are the following, with regard to FIGS. 5 and 6:

- Longueur L depuis l'extrémité libre de l'âme jusqu'à la face extérieure du fond 32a du retour : 230 mm  - Length L from the free end of the core to the outer face of the bottom 32a of the return: 230 mm

- Largeur / identique sur toute la longueur : 40 mm  - Width / same along the whole length: 40 mm

- épaisseur e du matériau constitutif : 4 mm d'acier et un revêtement de 0,7 mm en peinture époxy - thickness e of the constituent material: 4 mm of steel and a coating of 0.7 mm in epoxy paint

- longueur Ls de la surface d'accueil 31 : 151 mm - length L s of the receiving surface 31: 151 mm

- longueur La de l'âme de fixation 30 : 79 mm length L a of the fastening core 30: 79 mm

- hauteur h de l'aile orthogonale 33 au niveau de sa face 33a contre laquelle est destinée à venir en butée la cale 4 : 22 mm  - Height h of the orthogonal wing 33 at its face 33a against which is intended to abut the wedge 4: 22 mm

- hauteur hR du retour 32 : 18 mm - Height h R of the return 32: 18 mm

Enfin selon l'invention, les crochets sont de préférence en un matériau présentant une rigidité d'au moins 275 M Pa, par exemple en acier. L'inox ne convient pas. Pour un crochet fait d'un acier de rigidité de 275 Mpa, et présentant une épaisseur e d'acier de 4 mm et une largeur de 40 mm, sa limite élastique est de 800 N. Dans une variante de réalisation illustrée sur la figure 7, la rigidité est assurée par des moyens de renfort qui consistent en une liaison rigide 35 oblique qui est agencée sous la surface d'accueil 31 et solidaire d'une part de l'aile 33 et d'autre part de la surface d'accueil 31 . Dans une autre variante encore, les moyens de renfort pourraient se présenter sous forme de nervures associées à l'aile 33. Finally according to the invention, the hooks are preferably of a material having a rigidity of at least 275 M Pa, for example steel. Stainless steel is not suitable. For a hook made of a 275 Mpa stiffness steel, and having a steel thickness of 4 mm and a width of 40 mm, its elastic limit is 800 N. In an alternative embodiment illustrated in FIG. 7 the rigidity is provided by reinforcing means which consist of a rigid oblique connection which is arranged under the receiving surface 31 and integral on the one hand with the wing 33 and on the other hand with the receiving surface 31. In yet another variant, the reinforcing means could be in the form of ribs associated with the wing 33.

Si les crochets de fixation 3 permettent de maintenir les tuiles solaires supérieures 20A, les cales 4 qui sont combinées aux crochets 3 sont utiles pour le coincement des tuiles inférieures 20B. If the fastening hooks 3 maintain the upper solar tiles 20A, the wedges 4 which are combined with the hooks 3 are useful for the jamming of the lower tiles 20B.

En regard de la figure 2, chaque cale 4 est placée sous la surface d'accueil 31 du crochet de fixation 3, de manière coplanaire à l'âme de fixation 30 et en butée contre l'aile orthogonale 33. Elle assure de supporter l'extrémité supérieure 22 de la tuile solaire inférieure 20B. With reference to FIG. 2, each shim 4 is placed under the receiving surface 31 of the fastening hook 3, coplanar with the fastening core 30 and abutting against the orthogonal wing 33. It assures the support of the upper end 22 of the lower solar tile 20B.

La cale 4 est fixée à la charpente, sur la même latte 15 que l'âme de fixation 30 du crochet 3. Le positionnement idoine des crochets 3 et cales 4 est obtenu selon les variantes de réalisation, à l'aide du gabarit du positionnement 5 qui est amovible ou de la lisse de support 6 pré-montée qui seront décrits plus loin. En regard de la figure 8, chaque cale 4 est de forme générale parallélépipédique. The wedge 4 is fixed to the frame, on the same batten 15 as the fixing core 30 of the hook 3. The proper positioning of the hooks 3 and wedges 4 is obtained according to the variant embodiments, using the positioning template. 5 which is removable or pre-mounted support bar 6 which will be described later. With reference to FIG. 8, each wedge 4 is of parallelepipedal general shape.

Elle présente une largeur c supérieure à celle du crochet. It has a width c greater than that of the hook.

Son épaisseur ou hauteur hc est inférieure à la hauteur h de l'aile orthogonale 33 du crochet, de façon à ménager sous la surface d'accueil 31 du crochet (figure 2), entre sa surface externe 45 et la face en regard 33b de la surface d'accueil 31 , un espace 8. Cet espace est destiné à accueillir selon un engagement serré l'extrémité supérieure 22 de la tuile solaire inférieure 20B. Its thickness or height h c is less than the height h of the orthogonal wing 33 of the hook, so as to fit under the receiving surface 31 of the hook (Figure 2), between its outer surface 45 and the facing face 33b of the reception surface 31, a space 8. This space is intended to accommodate in a tight engagement the upper end 22 of the lower solar tile 20B.

La longueur Lc de la cale 4 est suffisante pour fournir (figure 2) une zone d'appui Z à l'extrémité supérieure 22 du verre d'au moins 15 mm, par exemple 17 mm, réduisant le risque de déformation de la tuile. The length L c of the shim 4 is sufficient to provide (FIG. 2) a bearing zone Z at the upper end 22 of the glass of at least 15 mm, for example 17 mm, reducing the risk of deformation of the tile .

La cale 4 est un élément unitaire selon la première variante de l'invention et telle qu'illustrée sur la figure 8, lorsqu'elle est positionnée au moyen du gabarit 5. Chaque cale de manière indépendante est fixée sur la latte 15. The wedge 4 is a unitary element according to the first variant of the invention and as illustrated in FIG. 8, when it is positioned by means of the template 5. Each wedge independently is fixed on the slat 15.

Dans une seconde variante, la cale 4 fait partie intégrante de la lisse 6 (figure 1 1 ) en présentant néanmoins les mêmes caractéristiques. In a second variant, the wedge 4 is an integral part of the rail 6 (Figure 1 1) nevertheless having the same characteristics.

Dans cette seconde variante de réalisation, trois cales 4 sont solidaires de la lisse 6. Le positionnement et la fixation des cales sur la latte 15 sont par conséquent réalisés par la solidarisation de la lisse 6 à la latte. In this second embodiment, three wedges 4 are integral with the rail 6. The positioning and fixing of the wedges on the batten 15 are therefore made by the joining of the rail 6 to the batten.

La cale est en matériau plastique, tel qu'en thermoplastique ou en matière composite, par exemple à base de polyamide PA6-GF40. Tel que déjà exprimé, chaque cale 4 coopère avec un crochet 3. Avantageusement, cette coopération en regard de la figure 3 est obtenue par l'engagement de l'âme de fixation 30 au niveau de l'aile 33 du crochet dans une encoche 40 prévue sur l'un des côtés de la cale. Cette encoche assure à la fois un guidage pour la fixation du crochet et son maintien latéral, perpendiculairement à la pente de la toiture. The shim is made of plastic material, such as thermoplastic or composite material, for example based on polyamide PA6-GF40. As already expressed, each shim 4 cooperates with a hook 3. Advantageously, this cooperation with reference to FIG. 3 is obtained by the engagement of the fastening core 30 at the level of the wing 33 of the hook in a notch 40 provided on one side of the hold. This notch provides both a guide for fixing the hook and its lateral support, perpendicular to the slope of the roof.

En regard de la figure 8, l'encoche 40 comporte un fond 41 contre lequel est destiné à venir buter l'aile 33 du crochet, et des parois latérales 42 immobilisant le crochet transversalement à sa longueur. La largeur de l'encoche entre les deux parois latérales est très sensiblement supérieure à la largeur du crochet, en particulier de 43 mm pour une largeur de crochet de 40 mm. L'encoche 40 a des dimensions adaptées pour garantir le maintien aligné du crochet dans le sens de la pente après fixation des cales de sorte que le crochet assure dans le temps sa fonction de fixation mécanique de la tuile. En outre, l'une des parois 42 de l'encoche comprend, à son extrémité libre opposée au fond 41 , un épaulement ou un pion en saillie 43. Une fois le crochet engagé dans l'encoche, ce pion 43 évite avant le vissage de l'âme de fixation 30 un basculement naturel du crochet du fait du positionnement de son centre de gravité au niveau de la surface d'accueil 31 . With reference to FIG. 8, the notch 40 comprises a bottom 41 against which the hook wing 33 is intended to abut, and side walls 42 immobilizing the hook transversely to its length. The width of the notch between the two side walls is very substantially greater than the width of the hook, in particular 43 mm for a hook width of 40 mm. The notch 40 has dimensions adapted to ensure the maintenance of the hook aligned in the direction of the slope after fixing the wedges so that the hook ensures in time its function of mechanical fixing of the tile. In addition, one of the walls 42 of the notch comprises, at its free end opposite the bottom 41, a shoulder or a protruding pin 43. Once the hook engaged in the notch, this pin 43 avoids before screwing the fastening core 30 a natural tilting of the hook due to the positioning of its center of gravity at the level of the reception surface 31.

En raison de ce pion en saillie 43, l'engagement du crochet 3 dans l'encoche ne peut se faire que par insertion via le dessus de l'encoche et pivotement latéral. En outre, la cale 4 comporte à l'opposé de l'encoche 40 un chanfrein 44 dont l'inclinaison s'étend entre les deux faces principales d'appui 45 et 46 de la cale et en direction opposée de l'encoche. Enfin, la cale 4 comporte pour sa fixation un lamage 47. La fixation étant réalisée par vissage, le lamage permet qu'une vis à tête plate ne fasse pas saillie au-delà de la surface externe 45 de la cale afin de ne pas créer de point singulier d'appui pour la tuile et éviter toute détérioration du verre de la tuile par indentation. Due to this projecting pin 43, the engagement of the hook 3 in the notch can only be done by insertion via the top of the notch and lateral pivoting. In addition, the wedge 4 has opposite the notch 40 a chamfer 44 whose inclination extends between the two main bearing faces 45 and 46 of the wedge and in the opposite direction of the notch. Finally, the wedge 4 comprises for its fixing a countersink 47. The fixing being made by screwing, the countersink allows a flat head screw does not protrude beyond the outer surface 45 of the hold so as not to create singular point of support for the tile and avoid any deterioration of the tile glass by indentation.

Le positionnement et la fixation des cales 4 sur la charpente précèdent le montage des crochets 3. The positioning and fixing of the wedges 4 on the framework precedes the mounting of the hooks 3.

Selon le premier mode de positionnement des cales 4, le gabarit 5 est utilisé. According to the first mode of positioning the shims 4, the template 5 is used.

En regard de la figure 9, le gabarit 5 métallique est un élément allongé d'âme 50 aux faces principales opposées 51 et 52, et comprenant trois équerres 53 et deux joues latérales 54. Il présente pour sa fixation amovible des moyens de bridage 57. With reference to FIG. 9, the metal template 5 is an elongated core element 50 with opposite main faces 51 and 52, and comprising three brackets 53 and two lateral cheeks 54. It has for its removable attachment clamping means 57.

Les équerres 53 sont fixées à intervalles régulier sur l'une des faces 51 de l'âme et font saillie vis-à-vis d'un des bords libre de l'âme. Elles servent à positionner les cales 4. The brackets 53 are fixed at regular intervals on one of the faces 51 of the core and protrude vis-à-vis one of the free edges of the soul. They are used to position the wedges 4.

Les joues 54 sont agencées sur la face 52 de l'âme. Elles servent à positionner le gabarit 5. The cheeks 54 are arranged on the face 52 of the soul. They serve to position the template 5.

La figure 10 illustre une vue partielle de la charpente en bord de la toiture, au cours du montage du dispositif de fixation à l'aide du gabarit 5. On remarque que le rail 16 de bord de toiture ne présente qu'une seule rainure 17. FIG. 10 illustrates a partial view of the frame at the edge of the roof, during mounting of the fixing device using the template 5. FIG. note that the rail 16 of the roof edge has only one groove 17.

En regard de cette figure 10, les joues 54 permettent de positionner le gabarit 5 sur la toiture par leur mise en butée contre la paroi 18 des rails. La fixation momentanée du gabarit sur les rails, en vue de monter les cales et les crochets, est obtenue par des moyens de bridage 57, tels que des galets excentriques. Pour agencer convenablement le gabarit parallèlement à une latte 15 et à la bonne altitude de la pente de la toiture, le bord libre de la paroi 18 des rails comprend une échancrure (non visible) dans laquelle se loge le gabarit selon sa largeur. Afin que le même gabarit soit adapté à différentes largeurs de tuile solaire, une joue 54 est fixe tandis que l'autre est mobile en étant réglable en translation sur la longueur du gabarit. La fixation de cette joue mobile est réalisée par vissage sur l'âme. En regard de la figure 9, chaque équerre 53 présente deux ailes 53a et 53b orthogonales, l'aile 53a étant fixée par vissage à la face principale 51 tandis que l'aile 53b est en saillie du bord de l'âme du gabarit et s'étend en direction de l'autre face principale 52 de l'âme. L'extrémité distale de l'aile 53b, opposée à celle reliée à l'autre aile 53a, est connectée à une marche 55 orthogonale à l'aile 53b et prolongée par une contre marche 56 qui lui est perpendiculaire. With regard to this FIG. 10, the cheeks 54 make it possible to position the jig 5 on the roof by their abutment against the wall 18 of the rails. The momentary fixing of the template on the rails, in order to mount the wedges and the hooks, is obtained by clamping means 57, such as eccentric rollers. To properly arrange the template parallel to a slat 15 and the correct altitude of the slope of the roof, the free edge of the wall 18 of the rails comprises a notch (not visible) in which the template is housed along its width. So that the same template is adapted to different widths of solar tile, a cheek 54 is fixed while the other is movable being adjustable in translation along the length of the template. Fixing this movable cheek is performed by screwing on the core. With reference to FIG. 9, each bracket 53 has two orthogonal wings 53a and 53b, the wing 53a being fastened by screwing to the main face 51 while the wing 53b projects from the edge of the web of the template and extends towards the other main face 52 of the soul. The distal end of the wing 53b, opposite to that connected to the other wing 53a, is connected to a step 55 orthogonal to the wing 53b and extended by a counter 56 which is perpendicular thereto.

La hauteur depuis l'extrémité libre de la contre marche jusqu'à l'âme 50 du gabarit est définie pour correspondre à l'altitude qu'il convient d'imposer à la surface d'accueil 31 des crochets 3 recevant les tuiles. L'extrémité libre de la contre marche, lorsque le gabarit est posé sur les rails 17, s'appuie sur la latte en bois 15. The height from the free end of the counter-force to the web 50 of the template is defined to correspond to the altitude that must be imposed on the reception surface 31 of the hooks 3 receiving the tiles. The free end against the step, when the template is placed on the rails 17, is based on the wooden batten 15.

Le positionnement des équerres 53 impose l'agencement des cales 4. Une fois le gabarit en place, chaque cale 4 est posée contre la latte 15 de façon que son encoche 40 coopère avec la contre marche 56 qui vient en butée contre le fond 41 de ladite encoche. The positioning of the brackets 53 imposes the arrangement of the wedges 4. Once the template is in place, each wedge 4 is placed against the slat 15 so that its notch 40 cooperates with the step 56 which abuts against the bottom 41 of said notch.

Les cales 4 sont ensuite fixées dans leur épaisseur au moyen d'une vis à tête plate insérée dans le lamage 47. The wedges 4 are then fixed in their thickness by means of a flat head screw inserted into the counterbore 47.

Une fois les cales en place, le gabarit 5 est retiré. Les cales 4 sont ainsi positionnées pour recevoir les crochets 3. Les crochets peuvent donc être correctement agencés selon un alignement précis et un montage sécurisé. Once the shims are in place, the template 5 is removed. The shims 4 are thus positioned to receive the hooks 3. The hooks can therefore be properly arranged according to a precise alignment and secure mounting.

L'introduction par poussée d'une tuile 20 dans les retours 32 des crochets 3 est sécurisée par le maintien en butée des crochets 3 dans les cales 4. The thrust introduction of a tile 20 in the returns 32 of the hooks 3 is secured by the abutment of the hooks 3 in the wedges 4.

Dans l'autre mode de réalisation de montage des cales 4, celles-ci sont liées à une lisse de support 6 telle qu'illustrée sur la figure 1 1 . In the other embodiment of mounting wedges 4, they are connected to a support rail 6 as illustrated in Figure 1 1.

La lisse 6, de préférence en matériau aluminium, présente une longueur correspondant à l'entraxe de deux rails 16. Elle comporte trois cales 4 rendues solidaires par exemple par emboîtement, ou faisant partie intégrantes de la lisse par le procédé de fabrication. The rail 6, preferably of aluminum material, has a length corresponding to the spacing of two rails 16. It comprises three shims 4 made integral for example by interlocking, or integral part of the rail by the manufacturing process.

La lisse présente une largeur inférieure à la longueur Lc des cales. L'agencement des cales engendre la mise en saillie des encoches 40 par rapport à un bord longitudinal de la lisse tandis que les chanfreins 44 se terminent au niveau de l'autre bord longitudinal de la lisse. La lisse est fixée par vissage dans la latte 15. The rail has a width less than the length L c of the shims. The arrangement of the wedges engenders the notches 40 protruding from a longitudinal edge of the bar while the chamfers 44 terminate at the other longitudinal edge of the bar. The bar is fixed by screwing in the batten 15.

Une fois la lisse en place, le montage des crochets 3 peut être effectué tout comme dans le premier mode de réalisation décrit ci-dessus, par leur emboîtement dans les encoches 40 des cales 4. Once the arm in place, the mounting of the hooks 3 can be performed as in the first embodiment described above, by their interlocking in the notches 40 of the wedges 4.

Le dispositif de fixation de l'invention fournit une fixation particulièrement sécurisée pour des tuiles solaires de seulement 4 mm d'épaisseur, alors que les dispositifs de l'art antérieur ne peuvent coopérer qu'avec des tuiles de 6 mm. The fastening device of the invention provides a particularly secure fastening for solar tiles of only 4 mm thick, whereas the devices of the prior art can only cooperate with 6 mm tiles.

Le dispositif de l'invention a été testé pour répondre à la tenue au poids de la neige (test de surpression) et au vent (test de dépression). The device of the invention has been tested to meet the weight resistance of the snow (overpressure test) and the wind (depression test).

Les tests ont été réalisés conformément aux normes IEC 61215 :2005 et IEC 61730 :2007. The tests were conducted in accordance with IEC 61215: 2005 and IEC 61730: 2007.

De manière résumée : In a summary way:

Une tuile de 4 mm d'épaisseur et de surface 962 mm x 1296 mm est fixée grâce aux cales 4 et trois crochets 3 du dispositif de l'invention. Chaque crochet est fixé par cinq vis. Les crochets de l'invention présentent les caractéristiques dimensionnelles suivantes, telles que déjà mentionnées plus haut dans l'exemple : A tile 4 mm thick and 962 mm x 1296 mm surface is fixed thanks to the wedges 4 and three hooks 3 of the device of the invention. Each hook is fixed by five screws. The hooks of the invention have the following dimensional characteristics, as already mentioned above in the example:

- l'épaisseur de l'acier des crochets est de 4 mm avec un revêtement époxy de 0,7 mm  - the thickness of the steel of the hooks is 4 mm with a 0.7 mm epoxy coating

- la largeur des crochets est de 40 mm - la longueur des crochets est de 230 mm - the width of the hooks is 40 mm - the length of the hooks is 230 mm

- la grandeur de la patte 32b du retour 32 est de 18 mm.  the size of the tab 32b of the return 32 is 18 mm.

Un cadre porté par un palonnier est appliqué sur le dessus de la tuile via des ventouses qui sont commandées par des vérins pneumatiques, ces derniers exerçant soit des efforts de poussée (test de surpression), soit des efforts de traction (test de dépression). A frame carried by a spreader is applied to the top of the tile via suction cups which are controlled by pneumatic cylinders, the latter exerting either thrust forces (overpressure test) or tensile forces (depression test).

La tuile subit trois cycles continus avec chacun une poussée de 5400 Pa puis une traction de 2400 Pa. The tile undergoes three continuous cycles with each a thrust of 5400 Pa and a traction of 2400 Pa.

La répartition des ventouses, les points de mesure et le détail des cycles sont donnés dans la norme. Des tests comparatifs ont été effectués pour une tuile solaire de 6 mm et de mêmes dimensions 962 mm x 1296 mm, fixée par des crochets de l'art antérieur Swiss Solar System en inox et de 30 mm de largeur. La tuile de l'art antérieur n'est fixée avec aucune cale. Les figures 12 et 13 illustrent respectivement des courbes comparatives de test à la surpression et la dépression pour une tuile de 4 mm fixée avec le dispositif de l'invention et une tuile de 6 mm fixée avec les crochets de l'art antérieur. Chaque figure présente quatre courbes : The distribution of the suction cups, the measuring points and the details of the cycles are given in the standard. Comparative tests were carried out for a 6 mm solar tile with the same dimensions 962 mm x 1296 mm, fastened by hooks of the Swiss Solar System stainless steel prior art and 30 mm wide. The tile of the prior art is fixed with no shim. Figures 12 and 13 respectively illustrate comparative curves of overpressure and vacuum test for a 4 mm tile fixed with the device of the invention and a 6 mm tile fixed with the hooks of the prior art. Each figure presents four curves:

- la courbe C1 correspond à des points de mesure au centre de la tuile pour la tuile de 4 mm et le dispositif de fixation de l'invention ; the curve C1 corresponds to measurement points in the center of the tile for the 4 mm tile and the fixing device of the invention;

- la courbe C2 correspond à des points de mesure sur le crochet central du dispositif de fixation de l'invention ; - la courbe C3 correspond à des points de mesure au centre de la tuile pour la tuile de 6 mm et le dispositif de fixation de l'art antérieur ; curve C2 corresponds to measurement points on the central hook of the fastening device of the invention; curve C3 corresponds to measuring points in the center of the tile for the 6 mm tile and the fixing device of the prior art;

- la courbe C4 correspond à des points de mesure sur le crochet central du dispositif de fixation de l'art antérieur.  curve C4 corresponds to measurement points on the central hook of the fixing device of the prior art.

Les courbes expriment la déformée en mm de la tuile ou du crochet en fonction de la pression appliquée. On constate que pour les tests à la surpression (figure 12), la tuile solaire de 4 mm associée au dispositif de l'invention (courbe C1 ) subit bien moins de déformée que la tuile de l'art antérieur (courbe C3), tout comme les crochets (courbe C2 comparativement à la courbe C4). Pour les tests à la dépression (figure 13), on constate que la tuile solaire de 4 mm (courbe C1 ) présente un peu plus de déformée qu'une tuile de 6 mm (courbe C3), mais qu'au moins les dispositifs de fixation sont équivalents (courbes C2 et C4). Malgré la déformée, la tuile de 4 mm répond aux normes de sécurité. The curves express the deformation in mm of the tile or hook as a function of the applied pressure. It can be seen that for overpressure tests (FIG. 12), the 4 mm solar tile associated with the device of the invention (curve C1) undergoes much less deformation than the tile of the prior art (curve C3), while as the hooks (curve C2 compared to curve C4). For the vacuum tests (Figure 13), it is found that the 4 mm solar tile (curve C1) has a little more deformed than a 6 mm tile (curve C3), but that at least the devices of fixation are equivalent (curves C2 and C4). Despite the deformed, the 4 mm tile meets safety standards.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS 1 . Dispositif de fixation pour tuiles solaires comportant au moins un crochet (3) de forme allongée dont la section a une forme générale en S, présentant une âme de fixation (30), une surface d'accueil (31 ) parallèle à l'âme, une aile (33) reliant l'âme à la surface d'accueil de manière orthogonale à celles-ci et correspondant à la zone de pliage du S, et en extrémité de la surface d'accueil, à l'opposé de l'aile, un retour (32) coudé en direction de l'aile pour ménager un logement (35), caractérisé en ce que le crochet (3) est renforcé par des dimensions adaptées en épaisseur et largeur. 1. Fastening device for solar tiles comprising at least one hook (3) of elongate shape whose section has a general S shape, having a fixing core (30), a receiving surface (31) parallel to the core, a wing (33) connecting the core to the receiving surface orthogonally thereto and corresponding to the folding zone of the S, and at the end of the receiving surface, opposite the wing , a return (32) bent in the direction of the wing to provide a housing (35), characterized in that the hook (3) is reinforced by suitable dimensions in thickness and width. 2. Dispositif de fixation selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que le crochet (3) comprend des moyens de renfort consistant en des nervures associées à l'aile (33) et/ou une liaison rigide oblique (35) solidaire, d'une part, de l'aile (33) et, d'autre part, de la surface d'accueil (31 ).  2. Fastening device according to claim 1, characterized in that the hook (3) comprises reinforcing means consisting of ribs associated with the wing (33) and / or rigid oblique connection (35) integral, d ' one side of the wing (33) and, on the other hand, of the receiving surface (31). 3. Dispositif de fixation selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le porte-à-faux du crochet (3) entre le fond (32a) du retour coudé (32) et le point de fixation (34) le plus proche au niveau de l'âme de fixation (30) est d'au moins 120 mm.  3. Fastening device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cantilever hook (3) between the bottom (32a) of the elbow return (32) and the fixing point (34) closest at the fastening core (30) is at least 120 mm. 4. Dispositif de fixation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le crochet (3) a une limite élastique supérieure ou égale à 500 N, de préférence supérieure ou égale à 800 N.  4. Fastening device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hook (3) has a yield strength greater than or equal to 500 N, preferably greater than or equal to 800 N. 5. Dispositif de fixation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le crochet (3) présente une largeur supérieure à 30 mm, de préférence d'au moins 40 mm, et une épaisseur d'au moins 4 mm. 5. Fastening device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hook (3) has a width greater than 30 mm, preferably at least 40 mm, and a thickness of at least 4 mm. 6. Dispositif de fixation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le crochet (3) est en un matériau présentant une rigidité d'au moins 275 M Pa, tel qu'en acier, de sorte que sa limite élastique, pour une largeur de 40 mm et une épaisseur de matériau de 4 mm, est d'au moins 800 N. 6. Fastening device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hook (3) is made of a material having a rigidity of at least 275 M Pa, such as steel, so that its elastic limit , for a width of 40 mm and a material thickness of 4 mm, is at least 800 N. 7. Dispositif de fixation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins une cale (4) pourvue d'une encoche (40) dans laquelle est logé et maintenu le crochet (3), l'aile (33) du crochet étant en butée contre le fond (41 ) de l'encoche et la surface d'accueil (31 ) du crochet étant située au-dessus de la cale en position montée du dispositif.  7. Fastening device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one wedge (4) provided with a notch (40) in which is housed and held the hook (3), the wing (33) of the hook being in abutment against the bottom (41) of the notch and the receiving surface (31) of the hook being located above the wedge in the mounted position of the device. 8. Dispositif de fixation selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que la cale (4) comporte des moyens de maintien (43) du crochet (3) dans l'encoche (40).  8. Fastening device according to claim 7, characterized in that the wedge (4) comprises means (43) for holding the hook (3) in the notch (40). 9. Dispositif de fixation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que la cale (4) présente une surface d'appui (45) d'au moins 15 mm destinée à recevoir par appui l'extrémité supérieure d'un tuile inférieure.  9. Fastening device according to any one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the shim (4) has a bearing surface (45) of at least 15 mm for receiving by support the upper end of a lower tile. 10. Dispositif de fixation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 9, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins un système de montage amovible (5) procurant un gabarit de pose de la ou des cales (4).  10. Fastening device according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that it comprises at least one removable mounting system (5) providing a template for laying or shims (4). 1 1 . Dispositif de fixation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins une lisse (6) présentant de manière solidaire au moins trois cales (4).  1 1. Fastening device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one rail (6) integrally having at least three shims (4). 12. Dispositif de fixation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins une latte (15) sur laquelle sont fixées au moins trois crochets (3) et cales (4) correspondantes de positionnement des crochets. 12. Fastening device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one slat (15) on which are fixed at least three hooks (3) and spacers (4) corresponding positioning of the hooks. 13. Dispositif de fixation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est utilisé pour l'assemblage de tuiles solaires dont les substrats verriers ont une épaisseur de verre strictement inférieure à 6 mm, de préférence égale à 4 ou 5 mm, en particulier les tuiles solaires formant tout ou partie d'une toiture. 13. Fastening device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is used for the assembly of solar tiles whose glass substrates have a glass thickness strictly less than 6 mm, preferably equal to 4 or 5 mm, in particular solar tiles forming all or part of a roof. 14. Dispositif de fixation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est utilisé pour l'assemblage de tuiles solaires présentant une distance de recouvrement de l'ordre de 120 mm.  14. Fastening device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is used for the assembly of solar tiles having a recovery distance of the order of 120 mm. 15. Ensemble, notamment toiture solaire, comprenant au moins deux tuiles solaires et un dispositif de fixation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le substrat verrier de chaque tuile solaire a une épaisseur de verre strictement inférieure à 6 mm, de préférence égale à 4 ou 5 mm, et les tuiles solaires présentent une distance de recouvrement de l'ordre de 120 mm.  15. A set, especially a solar roof, comprising at least two solar tiles and a fixing device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the glass substrate of each solar tile has a glass thickness strictly less than 6 mm, preferably 4 or 5 mm, and the solar tiles have a recovery distance of the order of 120 mm.
PCT/FR2012/051309 2011-06-10 2012-06-11 Attachment device for a solar tile Ceased WO2012168674A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

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CN201280028414.4A CN103583001A (en) 2011-06-10 2012-06-11 Solar Tile Fixtures
EP12731131.4A EP2718986A1 (en) 2011-06-10 2012-06-11 Attachment device for a solar tile

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR1155115A FR2976304B1 (en) 2011-06-10 2011-06-10 FIXING DEVICE FOR SOLAR TILE
FR1155115 2011-06-10

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