WO2012161272A1 - 単環芳香族炭化水素の製造方法および単環芳香族炭化水素の製造プラント - Google Patents
単環芳香族炭化水素の製造方法および単環芳香族炭化水素の製造プラント Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C4/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms
- C07C4/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms by cracking a single hydrocarbon or a mixture of individually defined hydrocarbons or a normally gaseous hydrocarbon fraction
- C07C4/06—Catalytic processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G11/00—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G11/14—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts
- C10G11/18—Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised-bed" technique
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G35/00—Reforming naphtha
- C10G35/04—Catalytic reforming
- C10G35/10—Catalytic reforming with moving catalysts
- C10G35/14—Catalytic reforming with moving catalysts according to the "fluidised-bed" technique
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/58—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour point; Selective hydrocracking of normal paraffins
- C10G45/68—Aromatisation of hydrocarbon oil fractions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/58—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour point; Selective hydrocracking of normal paraffins
- C10G45/68—Aromatisation of hydrocarbon oil fractions
- C10G45/70—Aromatisation of hydrocarbon oil fractions with catalysts containing platinum group metals or compounds thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1096—Aromatics or polyaromatics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/30—Physical properties of feedstocks or products
- C10G2300/301—Boiling range
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/30—Aromatics
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon production plant.
- LCO Light cycle oil
- FCC fluid catalytic cracking
- BTX benzene, toluene, xylene, etc.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method for producing monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons employing a fluidized bed system.
- a fluidized bed reactor employing a fluidized bed system the aromatic production catalyst and the raw material can be maintained in a state close to complete mixing, and the reaction temperature can be easily kept uniform.
- the aromatic production catalyst can be smoothly heated by properly extracting the coke-degraded aromatic production catalyst from the fluidized bed reactor when the raw material is heavier and burning the attached coke.
- the aromatic production catalyst is brought into a fluidized bed state by the steam of the raw material oil. Accordingly, when the feedstock oil is turned down, that is, when the amount of feedstock oil introduced per unit time is lowered, the fluidity of the aromatic production catalyst is lowered. If the reaction is allowed to proceed in this state, the contact time between the raw material oil and the aromatic production catalyst becomes longer, causing overdecomposition and the like, which adversely affects the product properties. “Turndown” refers to a situation where the amount of feedstock feed decreases with time. As countermeasures, for example, a method of lowering the temperature condition or a method of reducing the height of the catalyst layer of the aromatic production catalyst can be considered, but it is difficult to control the reaction (particularly, maintaining the fluid state), which is not practical.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and even if there is a turndown of the feedstock, etc., the monocyclic aromatic carbonization that can maintain the fluid state of the aromatic production catalyst in the fluidized bed reactor
- a method for producing hydrogen and a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon production plant are provided.
- the present invention provides a single ring by contacting a raw material oil having a 10% by volume distillation temperature of 140 ° C. or higher and a 90% by volume distillation temperature of 380 ° C. or lower with an aromatic production catalyst.
- a method for producing a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon for producing a reaction product containing an aromatic hydrocarbon comprising: Introducing the raw material oil into a fluidized bed reactor containing the aromatic production catalyst; Contacting the feedstock with the aromatic production catalyst in the fluidized bed reactor; A steam introduction step of introducing steam into the fluidized bed reactor according to the amount of the feedstock introduced per unit time.
- the method for producing a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon of the present invention includes: Steam that adjusts the introduction amount per unit time of the steam according to the difference in the introduction amount per unit time of the raw oil when the introduction amount per unit time of the raw material oil is lower than a predetermined introduction amount An introduction amount adjusting step may be further provided.
- the method for producing a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon of the present invention includes:
- the fluidized bed reactor includes a fluidized bed reactor that contains the aromatic production catalyst, a heating tank that heats the aromatic production catalyst extracted from the fluidized bed reactor by combustion, and the heating tank.
- the present invention provides a reaction containing a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon by contacting a raw material oil having a 10 vol% distillation temperature of 140 ° C or higher and a 90 vol% distillation temperature of 380 ° C or lower with an aromatic production catalyst.
- a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon production plant for producing a product comprising: A fluidized bed reactor containing the aromatic production catalyst; A raw material oil introducing device for introducing the raw material oil into the fluidized bed reactor and bringing it into contact with an aromatic production catalyst; A steam introducing device for introducing steam into the fluidized bed reactor according to the amount of the raw material oil introduced per unit time.
- the monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon production plant of the present invention Steam that adjusts the introduction amount per unit time of the steam according to the difference in the introduction amount per unit time of the raw oil when the introduction amount per unit time of the raw material oil is lower than a predetermined introduction amount An introduction amount adjusting device may be further provided.
- the fluidized bed reactor includes the fluidized bed reactor containing the aromatic production catalyst; A heating tank for heating the aromatic production catalyst extracted from the fluidized bed reactor by combustion; A catalyst transfer pipe for transferring the aromatic production catalyst heated in the heating tank to the fluidized bed reactor,
- the steam introducing device may introduce the steam into at least one of the fluidized bed reactor and the catalyst transfer pipe.
- the flow state of the aromatic production catalyst in the fluidized bed reactor can be changed even when the feedstock oil is turned down. Maintain and control the contact time properly.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an example of a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon production plant 1 according to the present invention.
- a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon production plant 1 includes a fluidized bed reaction apparatus 10, a raw material oil introduction apparatus 2, a steam introduction apparatus 3, and a control apparatus (steam introduction amount adjusting apparatus) 4.
- the fluidized bed reactor 10 is a device that obtains a reaction product containing monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by bringing a raw material oil into contact with the aromatic production catalyst A, a fluidized bed reactor 12, a heating tank 14, And a catalyst riser (catalyst transfer pipe) 16.
- the fluidized bed reactor 10 also includes an extraction pipe 18, a return pipe 20, a reaction product pipe 22, a fuel pipe 24, air pipes 26 a and 26 b, and an exhaust pipe 28.
- the extraction pipe 18 has a proximal end connected to the fluidized bed reactor 12 and a distal end connected to the heating tank 14.
- the return pipe 20 has a proximal end connected to the heating tank 14 and a distal end connected to the proximal end of the catalyst riser 16.
- the reaction product pipe 22 has a proximal end connected to the fluidized bed reactor 12 and a distal end connected to a distillation apparatus (not shown).
- the end of the fuel pipe 24 is connected to the heating tank 14.
- the ends of the air pipe branch into air pipes 26 a and 26 b, the air pipe 26 a is connected to the heating bath 14, and the air pipe 26 b is connected to the extraction pipe 18.
- the base end of the exhaust pipe 28 is connected to the heating bath 14.
- the fluidized bed reactor 12 is for obtaining a reaction product containing a large amount of BTX by bringing the raw material oil into contact with the aromatic production catalyst A in a fluidized bed state.
- the fluidized bed reactor 12 includes a supply port, a discharge port, a cyclone 13 and a discharge port.
- the feed port of the fluidized bed reactor 12 introduces the steam of the raw material oil and the aromatic production catalyst A transferred through the catalyst riser 16.
- the outlet of the fluidized bed reactor 12 extracts the aromatic production catalyst A and is connected to an extraction pipe 18.
- the cyclone 13 separates the vapor of the reaction product from the aromatic production catalyst A.
- the outlet of the fluidized bed reactor 12 discharges the vapor of the reaction product separated by the cyclone 13 to the reaction product pipe 22.
- the heating tank 14 positively heats the aromatic production catalyst A not only by the heat of combustion of coke adhered to the aromatic production catalyst A but also by energy supplied from the outside. That is, this is a large heating device.
- the heating tank 14 includes a first supply port, a discharge port, a second supply port, a third supply port, a cyclone 15, and an exhaust port.
- the first supply port of the heating bath 14 introduces the aromatic production medium A transferred through the extraction pipe 18 into the inside.
- the aromatic production catalyst A is extracted to the return pipe 20.
- the second supply port of the heating tank 14 introduces, for example, tower bottom oil (heating fuel) supplied from a distillation apparatus (not shown) into the heating tank 14 through the fuel pipe 24. .
- the third supply port of the heating tank 14 introduces air (oxygen-containing gas) supplied from the air blower through the air pipe 26 a into the heating tank 14.
- the cyclone 15 separates the combustion gas generated by the combustion and the aromatic production catalyst A.
- the exhaust port of the heating tank 14 exhausts the combustion gas separated by the cyclone 15 to the exhaust pipe 28.
- a heating tank it can be made into multiple steps, for example, two steps. That is, it is possible to take measures to suppress degradation of the aromatic production catalyst A by using two stages of heating tanks and gradually increasing the individual heating temperatures in the heating tank.
- the catalyst riser 16 includes a first supply port, a second supply port, and a third supply port.
- the first supply port of the catalyst riser 16 has a pipe shape extending upward in the vertical direction, and introduces the aromatic production catalyst A transferred through the return pipe 20 into the catalyst riser 16.
- the second supply port of the catalyst riser 16 introduces the raw material oil supplied through the feed pipe 2 a into the catalyst riser 16.
- the third supply port of the catalyst riser 16 introduces the steam supplied through the steam pipe 3 a into the catalyst riser 16.
- the raw material oil introduction device 2 introduces the raw material oil transferred from an FCC device (not shown) or the like into the fluidized bed reaction device 10 described above.
- the feedstock introduction device 2 has a feed pipe 2 a whose end is connected to the catalyst riser 16.
- the raw material oil introduction apparatus 2 has a measuring means (not shown) that measures the amount of raw material oil introduced through the feed pipe 2a per unit time.
- the measurement means for example, a means for measuring the flow rate of the raw material oil with a flow meter provided in the feed pipe 2a may be adopted as long as the introduction amount of the raw material oil per unit time can be measured.
- the raw material oil introducing device 2 has a transfer means for transferring the raw material oil by a pump, a carrier gas or the like, the raw material oil is determined from the drive command value for the transfer means, the actual driving state / performance of the transfer means, etc.
- a means for calculating / estimating the amount of introduction per unit time may be employed.
- the steam introduction device 3 introduces steam into the fluidized bed reactor 10 according to the amount of raw material oil introduced per unit time by the raw material oil introduction device 2.
- the steam introducing device 3 has a steam pipe 3 a whose end is connected to the catalyst riser 16.
- the steam introduction device 3 may be configured to generate steam by itself using a boiler or the like, or may be configured to transfer steam generated at another place in the plant.
- the steam introduction device 3 includes an opening / closing valve (not shown) that is provided in the steam pipe 3a and opens and closes the steam pipe 3a. This on-off valve has a function of adjusting the opening degree of the steam pipe 3a stepwise or continuously.
- the control device 4 sets the difference in the amount of steam introduced by the steam introduction device 3 per unit time when the introduction amount of the raw material oil per unit time by the raw material oil introduction device 2 is lower than the predetermined introduction amount. Adjust to the appropriate amount.
- the control device 4 has a computer system electrically connected to the measuring means of the feedstock introducing device 2 and the on-off valve of the steam introducing device 3.
- the control device 4 of the present embodiment controls the driving (opening degree) of the on-off valve of the steam introduction device 3 based on the measurement result by the measurement means of the raw material oil introduction device 2.
- the predetermined introduction amount means an introduction amount per unit time of the raw material oil necessary for maintaining the fluid state of the aromatic production catalyst A in the fluidized bed reactor 12 under a specific operating condition.
- the feedstock is continuously introduced into the fluidized bed reactor 12 from the feed pipe 2a.
- this raw material oil is good also as a gas-liquid mixed state etc. by heating beforehand with a preheater not shown.
- the aromatic production catalyst A heated in the heating tank 14 is continuously introduced from the return pipe 20 into the catalyst riser 16, and the vapor of the raw material oil rising up the catalyst riser 16 is introduced. It transfers to the fluidized bed reactor 12 as a transfer medium.
- the steam of the raw material oil and the aromatic production catalyst A come into contact with each other, and the reaction product steam containing a large amount of BTX is obtained.
- the reaction product vapor and the aromatic production catalyst A are separated by the cyclone 13, and the reaction product vapor is continuously discharged to the reaction product pipe 22.
- a part of the aromatic production catalyst A which has been partially deactivated due to contact with the steam of the raw material oil is continuously extracted from the fluidized bed reactor 12 to the extraction pipe 18.
- Heating fuel supplied from the outside through the fuel pipe 24 is burned in the presence of air (oxygen-containing gas) supplied from the air blower through the air pipe 26a.
- air oxygen-containing gas
- the aromatic production catalyst A continuously introduced into the heating tank 14 from the extraction pipe 18 is continuously heated to a temperature higher than the reaction temperature in the fluidized bed reactor 12.
- the aromatic production catalyst A is also regenerated.
- the combustion gas generated by the combustion is continuously exhausted to the exhaust pipe 28.
- the aromatic production catalyst A heated in the heating tank 14 is continuously extracted from the heating tank 14 to the return pipe 20, and is again introduced into the catalyst riser 16 from the return pipe 20.
- the aromatic production catalyst A is constantly circulated between the fluidized bed reactor 12 and the heating tank 14.
- the raw material oil one or more selected from the group consisting of LCO obtained from an FCC apparatus, hydrogenated LCO, and naphtha and straight-run gas oil from a crude oil distillation apparatus are used.
- LCO obtained from an FCC apparatus
- hydrogenated LCO hydrogenated LCO
- naphtha and straight-run gas oil from a crude oil distillation apparatus are used.
- the amount of coke that adheres to the aromatic production catalyst A when the raw material oil and the aromatic production catalyst A come into contact with each other depends on the amount of heat required for the fluidized bed reactor 12 by the combustion of the coke. The amount supplied is not always sufficient. Therefore, in order to efficiently and stably produce a reaction product containing a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon from these raw material oils, the fluidized bed reactor 10 provided with the heating tank 14 is effective.
- the introduction amount per unit time (predetermined introduction amount) of the raw material oil necessary for maintaining the fluid state of the aromatic production catalyst A in the fluidized bed reactor 12 is 100%,
- the contact time between the raw material oil and the aromatic production catalyst A in the fluidized bed reactor 12 becomes, for example, about twice as long, and overdecomposition occurs. Therefore, it adversely affects the product properties. Therefore, steam is introduced by the steam introduction device 3 so as to cope with fluctuations in the contact time and inadequate changes in the flow state in the fluidized bed reactor 12 due to a decrease in the amount of feedstock introduced per unit time.
- the contact time and the flow state are maintained by the amount of the steam introduced per unit time. Note that steam does not adversely affect the reaction as actually used as a carrier gas or the like in the plant.
- the amount of steam introduced per unit time by the steam introducing device 3 is adjusted by the control device 4.
- the control device 4 adjusts the amount of steam introduced per unit time to an amount corresponding to the difference when the amount of raw material oil introduced per unit time is lower than a predetermined amount.
- the control device 4 of the present embodiment monitors the measurement result output from the measuring means of the feedstock introduction device 2, calculates the difference in the current feedstock introduction amount with respect to the predetermined introduction amount, and calculates the difference. Based on this, the driving (opening degree) of the on-off valve of the steam introducing device 3 is controlled.
- the control apparatus 4 adjusts the amount of introduction per unit time of the steam introduced through the steam pipe 3a by adjusting the opening degree of the steam pipe 3a with the on-off valve.
- the control device 4 determines the introduction amount of steam per unit time by the steam introduction device 3 The amount is adjusted according to 50% of the difference.
- 50% of the difference in steam is introduced and the difference is compensated, so that the aromatic production catalyst in the fluidized bed reactor 12
- the fluid state of A can be maintained in a fluid state suitable for the operating conditions.
- the contact time (fluid state) between the feedstock oil and the aromatic production catalyst A in the fluidized bed reactor 12 can be maintained constant.
- the range of the value is preferably set to 0.5K to 1.5K, and more preferably set to 0.8K to 1.2K. That is, by setting and controlling the steam amount according to the fluctuation of the flow rate of the raw material oil within the above range, the flow state of the aromatic production catalyst A and the contact time between the raw material oil and the aromatic production catalyst A are smoothly maintained. it can.
- the feedstock oil used in the present invention is an oil having a 10 vol% distillation temperature of 140 ° C or higher and a 90 vol% distillation temperature of 380 ° C or lower.
- a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is produced from a light oil
- a monocyclic aromatic is produced from the feed oil containing the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon of the plant of the present invention. It becomes unsuitable for the purpose of manufacturing a tribe.
- the 10 vol% distillation temperature of the feedstock oil is preferably 150 ° C or higher, and the 90 vol% distillation temperature of the feedstock oil is preferably 360 ° C or lower.
- the 10 vol% distillation temperature and 90 vol% distillation temperature mentioned here mean values measured in accordance with JIS K2254 “Petroleum products-distillation test method”.
- Examples of the feed oil having a 10% by volume distillation temperature of 140 ° C. or higher and a 90% by volume distillation temperature of 380 ° C. or lower include cracked light oil (LCO) produced by a fluid catalytic cracker, LCO hydrorefined oil, Examples include coal liquefied oil, heavy oil hydrocracked refined oil, straight-run kerosene, straight-run light oil, coker kerosene, coker light oil, and oil sand hydrocracked refined oil.
- LCO cracked light oil
- Examples include coal liquefied oil, heavy oil hydrocracked refined oil, straight-run kerosene, straight-run light oil, coker kerosene, coker light oil, and oil sand hydrocracked refined oil.
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contained in these feedstocks are low in reactivity and are difficult to convert to monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the cracking and reforming reaction step of the present invention.
- it when it is hydrogenated in the hydrogenation reaction step, it is converted into naphthenobenzenes, and then recycled to the cracking reforming reaction step so that it can be converted into monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
- aromatic hydrocarbons having 3 or more rings consume a large amount of hydrogen in the hydrogenation reaction step, and even in the hydrogenation reaction product, the reactivity in the cracking and reforming reaction step is low. Since it is low, it is not preferable to include a large amount.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon having 3 or more rings in the feed oil is preferably 25% by volume or less, and more preferably 15% by volume or less.
- the distillation temperature is 330 ° C. or lower.
- the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon referred to here is measured according to JPI-5S-49 “Petroleum products—Hydrocarbon type test method—High performance liquid chromatograph method”, or FID gas chromatograph method or two-dimensional gas chromatograph. It means the total value of the bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content (bicyclic aromatic content) and the tricyclic or higher aromatic hydrocarbon content (tricyclic or higher aromatic content) analyzed by the tograph method. Thereafter, when the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 2-ring aromatic hydrocarbons, tricyclic or higher aromatic hydrocarbons is indicated by volume%, it is measured according to JPI-5S-49. In the case where the mass% is indicated, it is measured based on the FID gas chromatograph method or the two-dimensional gas chromatograph method.
- the aromatic production catalyst A is a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon production catalyst and contains crystalline aluminosilicate.
- the crystalline aluminosilicate is preferably a medium pore zeolite and / or a large pore zeolite because the yield of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can be further increased.
- the medium pore zeolite is a zeolite having a 10-membered ring skeleton structure. Examples of the medium pore zeolite include AEL type, EUO type, FER type, HEU type, MEL type, MFI type, NES type, and TON type. And zeolite having a WEI type crystal structure. Among these, the MFI type is preferable because the yield of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can be further increased.
- the large pore zeolite is a zeolite having a 12-membered ring skeleton structure.
- Examples of the large pore zeolite include AFI type, ATO type, BEA type, CON type, FAU type, GME type, LTL type, and MOR type. , Zeolites of MTW type and OFF type crystal structures.
- the BEA type, FAU type, and MOR type are preferable in terms of industrial use, and the BEA type is preferable because the yield of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can be further increased.
- the crystalline aluminosilicate may contain, in addition to the medium pore zeolite and the large pore zeolite, a small pore zeolite having a skeleton structure having a 10-membered ring or less, and a very large pore zeolite having a skeleton structure having a 14-membered ring or more.
- examples of the small pore zeolite include zeolites having crystal structures of ANA type, CHA type, ERI type, GIS type, KFI type, LTA type, NAT type, PAU type, and YUG type.
- Examples of the ultra-large pore zeolite include zeolites having CLO type and VPI type crystal structures.
- the content of crystalline aluminosilicate in the monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon production catalyst is 100% by mass of the total monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon production catalyst. Is preferably 20 to 60% by mass, more preferably 30 to 60% by mass, and particularly preferably 35 to 60% by mass. If the content of the crystalline aluminosilicate is 20% by mass or more, the yield of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can be sufficiently increased. When the content of the crystalline aluminosilicate exceeds 60% by mass, the content of the binder that can be blended with the catalyst is reduced, which may not be suitable for a fluidized bed.
- the content of the crystalline aluminosilicate in the monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon production catalyst is 100% by mass of the total monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon production catalyst. 60 to 100% by mass is preferable, 70 to 100% by mass is more preferable, and 90 to 100% by mass is particularly preferable. If the content of the crystalline aluminosilicate is 60% by mass or more, the yield of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can be sufficiently increased.
- the catalyst for producing monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons preferably contains phosphorus and / or boron. If the catalyst for producing monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contains phosphorus and / or boron, it is possible to prevent the yield of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from decreasing with time, and to suppress the formation of coke on the catalyst surface. Further, when steam enters as in the present embodiment, hydrothermal degradation may occur in the fluidized bed reactor reactor 12, and therefore a catalyst containing phosphorus and / or boron is more preferable.
- phosphorus is supported on crystalline aluminosilicate, crystalline aluminogallosilicate, or crystalline aluminodine silicate by an ion exchange method, an impregnation method, or the like.
- Examples thereof include a method, a method in which a phosphorus compound is contained during zeolite synthesis and a part of the skeleton of the crystalline aluminosilicate is replaced with phosphorus, and a method in which a crystal accelerator containing phosphorus is used during zeolite synthesis.
- the phosphate ion-containing aqueous solution used at that time is not particularly limited, but was prepared by dissolving phosphoric acid, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and other water-soluble phosphates in water at an arbitrary concentration.
- An aqueous solution can be used.
- boron is supported on crystalline aluminosilicate, crystalline aluminogallosilicate, or crystalline aluminodine silicate by an ion exchange method, an impregnation method, or the like.
- Examples thereof include a method, a method in which a boron compound is contained at the time of zeolite synthesis and a part of the skeleton of the crystalline aluminosilicate is replaced with boron, a method in which a crystal accelerator containing boron is used at the time of zeolite synthesis, and the like.
- the phosphorus and boron contents in the monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon production catalyst are preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass with respect to the total weight of the catalyst, and the lower limit is more preferably 0.5% by mass or more.
- the upper limit is more preferably 9% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 8% by mass or less.
- the catalyst for producing monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can contain gallium and / or zinc, if necessary. If gallium and / or zinc is contained, the production rate of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can be increased.
- the gallium-containing form in the monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon production catalyst is one in which gallium is incorporated into the lattice skeleton of crystalline aluminosilicate (crystalline aluminogallosilicate), and gallium is supported on the crystalline aluminosilicate. And those containing both (gallium-supporting crystalline aluminosilicate).
- the zinc-containing form is one in which zinc is incorporated in the lattice skeleton of crystalline aluminosilicate (crystalline aluminodine silicate), or zinc is supported on crystalline aluminosilicate.
- Crystalline aluminogallosilicate and crystalline aluminodine silicate have a structure in which SiO 4 , AlO 4 and GaO 4 structures are present in the skeleton.
- crystalline aluminogallosilicate and crystalline aluminodine silicate are, for example, gel crystallization by hydrothermal synthesis, a method of inserting gallium or zinc into the lattice skeleton of crystalline aluminosilicate, or crystalline gallosilicate or crystalline It is obtained by inserting aluminum into the lattice skeleton of zincosilicate.
- the gallium-supporting crystalline aluminosilicate carries gallium on the crystalline aluminosilicate by a known method such as an ion exchange method or an impregnation method.
- the gallium source used in this case is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include gallium salts such as gallium nitrate and gallium chloride, and gallium oxide.
- the zinc-supporting crystalline aluminosilicate is supported on the crystalline aluminosilicate by a known method such as an ion exchange method or an impregnation method. Although it does not specifically limit as a zinc source used in that case, Zinc salts, such as zinc nitrate and zinc chloride, zinc oxide, etc. are mentioned.
- the content of gallium and zinc in the monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon production catalyst is 0.
- the content is preferably from 01 to 5.0% by mass, and more preferably from 0.05 to 2.0% by mass. If the content of gallium and zinc is 0.01% by mass or more, the production rate of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can be increased, and if it is 5.0% by mass or less, the yield of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Can be higher.
- the catalyst for monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon production uses, for example, powder, granules, pellets, etc., depending on the reaction mode.
- a powdered catalyst is used, and in the case of a fixed bed as in another embodiment, a granular or pelletized catalyst is used.
- the average particle size of the catalyst used in the fluidized bed is preferably 30 to 180 ⁇ m, more preferably 50 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the bulk density of the catalyst used in the fluidized bed is preferably 0.4 to 1.8 g / cc, more preferably 0.5 to 1.0 g / cc.
- the average particle size represents a particle size of 50% by mass in the particle size distribution obtained by classification with a sieve, and the bulk density is a value measured by the method of JIS standard R9301-2-3.
- an inert oxide may be blended into the catalyst as a binder and then molded using various molding machines.
- the catalyst for producing monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contains an inorganic oxide such as a binder
- one containing phosphorus as a binder may be used.
- Examples of the fuel for heating include fuels other than coke adhering to the aromatic production catalyst A and supplied from the outside (so-called torch oil), for example, tower bottom oil from a distillation apparatus.
- torch oil for example, tower bottom oil from a distillation apparatus.
- tower bottom oil having a relatively high ratio of carbon atoms to hydrogen atoms (C / H) is preferred.
- the oxygen-containing gas include air, pure oxygen, and the like, and air is preferable from an economical point of view.
- the heating temperature of the raw material oil by the preheater is such that the heat required for the aromatic production reaction in the fluidized bed reactor 12 is supplied by the aromatic production catalyst A heated in the heating tank 14, It may be lower than the reaction temperature in the fluidized bed reactor 12, and is preferably 150 to 350 ° C.
- reaction temperature when the raw material oil is brought into contact with and reacted with the catalyst for producing monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is not particularly limited, but is preferably 400 to 650 ° C. If the minimum of reaction temperature is 400 degreeC or more, raw material oil can be made to react easily, More preferably, it is 450 degreeC or more. Moreover, if the upper limit of reaction temperature is 650 degrees C or less, the yield of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon can be made high enough, More preferably, it is 600 degrees C or less.
- reaction pressure The reaction pressure when the raw material oil and the recycled oil described below are brought into contact with and reacted with the catalyst for producing a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is preferably 1.5 MPaG or less, and more preferably 1.0 MPaG or less. If the reaction pressure is 1.5 MPaG or less, the by-product of light gas can be suppressed and the pressure resistance of the reactor can be lowered.
- the contact time between the feedstock and the catalyst for producing monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is not particularly limited as long as the desired reaction proceeds substantially.
- the gas passage time on the catalyst for producing monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 1 to 300 seconds are preferable, the lower limit is more preferably 5 seconds or more, and the upper limit is more preferably 150 seconds or less. If the contact time is 1 second or longer, the reaction can be made reliably.
- the contact time is 300 seconds or less, the accumulation of carbonaceous carbon in the catalyst due to excessive coking or the like can be suppressed, or the amount of light gas generated by decomposition can be suppressed.
- the amount (circulation amount) of the aromatic production catalyst A extracted from the fluidized bed reactor 12 is preferably 5 to 30 tons per ton of feedstock supplied to the fluidized bed reactor 12. This is also determined in relation to the overall heat balance.
- the pressure in the heating tank 14 is preferably higher than the pressure in the fluidized bed reactor 12 because the aromatic production catalyst A heated in the heating tank 14 is transferred to the fluidized bed reactor 12. .
- the pressure of the first heating tank was heated in the heating tank 14 when the first heating tank was placed at a lower position than the second heating tank.
- the pressure in the first heating tank 14 is preferably about 0.1 MPa higher than the pressure in the second heating tank, more preferably 0.2 MPa or more, and further preferably 0.9 MPa or more. preferable.
- the lower limit of the pressure of the second heating tank is preferably 0.1 MPaG, more preferably 0.2 MPaG, and further preferably 0.3 MPaG.
- the upper limit is preferably 0.8 MPaG, more preferably 0.7 MPaG, and even more preferably 0.6 MPaG.
- the temperature in the heating tank 14 is such that the heat required for the aromatic production reaction in the fluidized bed reactor 12 is supplied by the aromatic production catalyst A heated in the heating tank 14. It is not lower than the reaction temperature in the bed reactor 12, preferably 500 to 800 ° C, more preferably 600 to 700 ° C.
- the temperature of the first heating tank is an aromatic production catalyst in which the heat necessary for the aromatic production reaction in the fluidized bed reactor 12 is heated in the heating tank 14. In view of the necessity of being supplied by A, it is preferable to set the reaction temperature in the fluidized bed reactor 12 or higher.
- the temperature in the first heating tank is lower than the temperature in the second heating tank in order to suppress hydrothermal deterioration of the aromatic production catalyst A due to high-temperature steam generated by combustion of the fuel for heating.
- 650 ° C. or lower is preferable, and 630 ° C. or lower is more preferable.
- the temperature in the second heating tank is supplied by the aromatic production catalyst A in which the heat necessary for the aromatic production reaction in the fluidized bed reactor 12 is heated in the heating tank 14. Therefore, as the lower limit, the reaction temperature in the fluidized bed reactor 12 is preferable, 500 ° C is more preferable, and 600 ° C is more preferable.
- the upper limit is preferably 800 ° C., more preferably 700 ° C.
- the amount of fuel for heating (in the case of tower bottom oil) supplied to the heating tank 14 is preferably 0.005 to 0.08 tons per ton of feedstock supplied to the fluidized bed reactor 12. This is determined by the amount of coke produced and the overall heat balance. In the case of two-stage heating, in principle, it is preferable to supply the entire amount of the fuel for heating to the first heating tank.
- the fluidized-bed reactor 10 is fed with a feed oil having a 10 vol% distillation temperature of 140 ° C. or higher and a 90 vol% distillation temperature of 380 ° C. or lower.
- a method for producing a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon which is introduced into the catalyst and brought into contact with the aromatic production catalyst A to produce a reaction product containing a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, wherein the feedstock oil is introduced per unit time.
- a steam introduction step of introducing steam into the fluidized bed reactor 10 according to the amount is provided.
- the reaction in the fluidized bed reactor 12 of the fluidized bed reactor 10 can be stably performed by adjusting the steam introduction amount without reducing the temperature condition and the catalyst layer height condition. Can be controlled. Even if the feedstock oil is turned down, the flow state of the aromatic production catalyst A can be kept constant.
- LCO (10% by volume distillation temperature 215 ° C., 90% by volume distillation temperature 318 ° C.) and steam shown in Table 1 as raw material oil and steam at a gas flow rate ratio of 2: 1, reaction temperature: 538 ° C., reaction pressure : 0.3 MPaG, catalyst A (MFI carrying 0.2% by mass of gallium and 0.7% by mass of phosphorus in a fluidized bed reactor under the condition that the contact time between the LCO and the zeolite component contained in the catalyst is 7 seconds.
- the catalyst was brought into contact with and reacted with a type zeolite containing a binder) to carry out a cracking and reforming reaction.
- the gas flow rate of LCO was about 1.5 times the amount of the example (that is, the sum of the gas flow rate ratio of steam and LCO in the example).
- monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons having 6 to 8 carbon atoms were recovered from the product by gas-liquid separation and distillation.
- the amount of recovered BTX produced was measured using a two-dimensional gas chromatograph (KT2006 GC ⁇ GC system manufactured by ZOEX), and was 35% by mass.
- the steam introducing device 3 may introduce steam into the fluidized bed reactor 12 instead of the catalytic riser 16, or may be introduced into both the catalytic riser 16 and the fluidized bed reactor 12. It may be introduced in multiple stages from the height.
- a catalyst riser 16 may be further provided for the feed oil turndown, and the end of the catalyst riser 16 is located in the aromatic production catalyst A in the fluidized bed reactor 12, and the usual catalyst riser 16.
- position above For example, normally, the raw material is introduced from the normal catalyst riser 16 at the lowermost position, and when the turndown is performed, the amount of the raw material oil that has been turned down is introduced from the catalyst riser 16 for the upper turndown. To do. This maintains the desired contact time and flow state. On the other hand, it is preferable to introduce steam from the lower normal catalyst riser 16 in place of the raw material oil or while reducing the amount of the raw material oil.
- the introduction of the feedstock is also provided with multiple stages (upper and lower stages) in the fluidized bed reactor 12 so as to correspond to the turndown, and the contact time is controlled during the turndown from the introduction position (lower stage) during normal operation. Therefore, it may be introduced from the upper stage.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2011年5月24日に、日本に出願された特願2011-115640号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
この対策として、例えば温度条件を低下させることや、芳香族製造触媒の触媒層高を低下させる方法等が考えられるものの、反応の制御(特に、流動状態の維持)が難しく、現実的でない。
前記原料油を、前記芳香族製造触媒を収容した流動床反応装置に導入する工程と、
前記流動床反応装置内で前記原料油を前記芳香族製造触媒と接触させる工程と、
前記原料油の単位時間あたりの導入量に応じて、前記流動床反応装置にスチームを導入するスチーム導入工程と、を備える。
前記原料油の単位時間あたりの導入量が所定の導入量よりも低下したとき、前記スチームの単位時間あたりの導入量を、前記原料油の単位時間あたりの導入量の差分に応じて調整するスチーム導入量調整工程をさらに備えてもよい。
前記流動床反応装置は、前記芳香族製造触媒を収容する流動床反応器と、前記流動床反応器内から抜き出した前記芳香族製造触媒を燃焼によって熱付けする熱付け槽と、前記熱付け槽にて熱付けされた前記芳香族製造触媒を前記流動床反応器に移送する触媒移送管と、を有しており、
前記スチーム導入工程では、前記流動床反応器及び前記触媒移送管の少なくともいずれか一方に前記スチームを導入してもよい。
前記芳香族製造触媒を収容した流動床反応装置と、
前記原料油を、前記流動床反応装置に導入して芳香族製造触媒と接触させる原料油導入装置と、
前記原料油の単位時間あたりの導入量に応じて、前記流動床反応装置にスチームを導入するスチーム導入装置と、を備える。
前記原料油の単位時間あたりの導入量が所定の導入量よりも低下したとき、前記スチームの単位時間あたりの導入量を、前記原料油の単位時間あたりの導入量の差分に応じて調整するスチーム導入量調整装置をさらに備えてもよい。
前記流動床反応装置は、前記芳香族製造触媒を収容する前記流動床反応器と、
前記流動床反応器内から抜き出した前記芳香族製造触媒を燃焼によって熱付けする熱付け槽と、
前記熱付け槽にて熱付けされた前記芳香族製造触媒を前記流動床反応器に移送する触媒移送管と、を有しており、
前記スチーム導入装置は、前記流動床反応器及び前記触媒移送管の少なくともいずれか一方に前記スチームを導入してもよい。
図1は、本発明の単環芳香族炭化水素の製造プラント1の一例を示す概略構成図である。
単環芳香族炭化水素の製造プラント1は、流動床反応装置10と、原料油導入装置2と、スチーム導入装置3と、制御装置(スチーム導入量調整装置)4と、を有する。流動床反応装置10は、原料油を、芳香族製造触媒Aと接触させて単環芳香族炭化水素を含む反応生成物を得るものであり、流動床反応器12と、熱付け槽14と、触媒ライザ(触媒移送管)16と、を有する。また、流動床反応装置10は、抜き出しパイプ18と、返送パイプ20と、反応生成物パイプ22と、燃料パイプ24と、エアパイプ26a,26bと、排気パイプ28と、を有する。抜き出しパイプ18は、基端が流動床反応器12に接続され末端が熱付け槽14に接続される。返送パイプ20は、基端が熱付け槽14に接続され末端が触媒ライザ16の基端に接続される。反応生成物パイプ22は、基端が流動床反応器12に接続され末端が不図示の蒸留装置に接続される。燃料パイプ24は、末端が熱付け槽14に接続される。エアパイプは、末端がエアパイプ26aと,26bとに分岐して、エアパイプ26aは、熱付け槽14に接続され、エアパイプ26bは、抜き出しパイプ18に接続される。排気パイプ28は、基端が熱付け槽14に接続される。
なお、熱付け槽については、複数段、例えば二段とすることができる。すなわち、熱付け槽を二段にし、熱付け槽内の個々の熱付け温度を段階的に高めることによって、芳香族製造触媒Aの劣化を抑えるような措置を講ずることができる。
図1の製造プラント1を用いた芳香族炭化水素の製造は、例えば、以下のように行われる。
また原料油の導入と同時に、熱付け槽14にて熱付けされた芳香族製造触媒Aを、返送パイプ20から触媒ライザ16に連続的に導入し、触媒ライザ16を上昇する原料油の蒸気を移送媒体として、流動床反応器12へ移送する。
このように、ある特定の条件で運転している製造プラント1において、原料油のターンダウン等があった場合、すなわち流動床反応装置10に対する原料油の単位時間あたりの導入量が低下した場合には、流動床反応器12おいて、原料油の蒸気によって流動床状態となっている芳香族製造触媒Aの流動性が低下する。このままの状態で反応を進めると、原料油と芳香族製造触媒Aとの接触時間が長くなる。例えば、ある特定の運転条件において、流動床反応器12において芳香族製造触媒Aの流動状態を維持するために必要な原料油の単位時間あたりの導入量(所定の導入量)を100%とし、それが50%まで低下すると、流動床反応器12おける原料油と芳香族製造触媒Aとの接触時間が例えば約2倍に長くなり、過分解等を起こす。よって、製品性状に好ましくない影響を及ぼす。
そこで、前記原料油の単位時間あたりの導入量の低下に伴う、接触時間の変動と流動床反応器12内の流動状態の不具合な変化とに対応するように、スチーム導入装置3によってスチームを導入し、そのスチームの単位時間あたりの導入量によって接触時間及び流動状態を維持する。なお、スチームは、実際に当該プラントでキャリアガス等として用いられているように、反応に悪影響を与えるものではない。
スチーム導入装置3によるスチームの単位時間あたりの導入量は、制御装置4によって調整する。制御装置4は、前記スチームの単位時間あたりの導入量を、原料油の単位時間あたりの導入量が、所定の導入量よりも低下したときに、その差分に応じた量に調整する。本実施形態の制御装置4は、原料油導入装置2の計測手段から出力される計測結果をモニタリングしており、所定の導入量に対する現在の原料油の導入量の差分を算出し、前記差分に基づいてスチーム導入装置3の開閉弁の駆動(開度)を制御する。このように、制御装置4は、スチームパイプ3aの開度を開閉弁により調整することで、スチームパイプ3aを通って導入するスチームの単位時間あたりの導入量を調整する。
(Woil/MWoil)
+(Wsteam/MWsteam)=Const. (A)
但し、
Woil:原料油流量[kg/h]、
MWoil:原料油平均分子量[kg/kgmol]、
Wsteam:スチーム流量[kg/h]、
MWsteam:スチーム分子量[kg/kgmol]、
である。
尚、上記式(A)のConst.の値をKとしたとき、その値の範囲を0.5K~1.5Kと設定するのが好ましく、0.8K~1.2Kと設定するのがより好ましい。すなわち、上記範囲内で原料油の流量の変動に応じてスチーム量を設定し制御することで、芳香族製造触媒Aの流動状態および原料油と芳香族製造触媒Aとの接触時間を円滑に維持できる。
本発明で使用される原料油は、10容量%留出温度が140℃以上かつ90容量%留出温度が380℃以下の油である。10容量%留出温度が140℃未満の油では、軽質のものから単環芳香族炭化水素を製造することになり、本発明のプラントの多環芳香族炭化水素を含む原料油から単環芳香族を製造するという主旨にそぐわなくなる。また、90容量%留出温度が380℃を超える油を用いた場合には、単環芳香族炭化水素の収率が低くなる上に、単環芳香族炭化水素製造用触媒上へのコーク堆積量が増大して、触媒活性の急激な低下を引き起こす傾向にある。
原料油の10容量%留出温度は150℃以上であることが好ましく、原料油の90容量%留出温度は360℃以下であることが好ましい。
10容量%留出温度が140℃以上かつ90容量%留出温度が380℃以下である原料油としては、例えば、流動接触分解装置で生成する分解軽油(LCO)、LCOの水素化精製油、石炭液化油、重質油水素化分解精製油、直留灯油、直留軽油、コーカー灯油、コーカー軽油およびオイルサンド水素化分解精製油などが挙げられる。
これらの原料油に含まれる多環芳香族炭化水素は、反応性が低く、本発明の分解改質反応工程では、単環芳香族炭化水素に転換されにくい物質である。一方で、水素化反応工程にて水素化されるとナフテノベンゼン類に転換され、次いで分解改質反応工程にリサイクル供給されることで単環芳香族炭化水素に転換可能である。ただし、多環芳香族炭化水素の中でも3環以上の芳香族炭化水素は、水素化反応工程において多くの水素を消費し、かつ水素化反応物であっても分解改質反応工程における反応性が低いため、多く含むことは好ましくない。したがって、原料油中の3環以上の芳香族炭化水素は25容量%以下であることが好ましく、15容量%以下であることがより好ましい。
なお、水素化反応工程でナフテノベンゼンに転換される2環芳香族炭化水素を含有し、かつ3環以上の芳香族炭化水素を削減するための原料油としては、例えば原料油の90容量%留出温度が330℃以下であることがより好ましい。
芳香族製造触媒Aは、単環芳香族炭化水素製造用触媒であり、結晶性アルミノシリケートを含有する。
結晶性アルミノシリケートは、単環芳香族炭化水素の収率をより高くできることから、中細孔ゼオライトおよび/または大細孔ゼオライトであることが好ましい。
中細孔ゼオライトは、10員環の骨格構造を有するゼオライトであり、中細孔ゼオライトとしては、例えば、AEL型、EUO型、FER型、HEU型、MEL型、MFI型、NES型、TON型、WEI型の結晶構造のゼオライトが挙げられる。これらの中でも、単環芳香族炭化水素の収率をより高くできることから、MFI型が好ましい。
大細孔ゼオライトは、12員環の骨格構造を有するゼオライトであり、大細孔ゼオライトとしては、例えば、AFI型、ATO型、BEA型、CON型、FAU型、GME型、LTL型、MOR型、MTW型、OFF型の結晶構造のゼオライトが挙げられる。これらの中でも、工業的に使用できる点では、BEA型、FAU型、MOR型が好ましく、単環芳香族炭化水素の収率をより高くできることから、BEA型が好ましい。
ここで、小細孔ゼオライトとしては、例えば、ANA型、CHA型、ERI型、GIS型、KFI型、LTA型、NAT型、PAU型、YUG型の結晶構造のゼオライトが挙げられる。
超大細孔ゼオライトとしては、例えば、CLO型、VPI型の結晶構造のゼオライトが挙げられる。
なお、分解改質反応工程を固定床の反応とする場合、単環芳香族炭化水素製造用触媒における結晶性アルミノシリケートの含有量は、単環芳香族炭化水素製造用触媒全体を100質量%とした際の60~100質量%が好ましく、70~100質量%がより好ましく、90~100質量%が特に好ましい。結晶性アルミノシリケートの含有量が60質量%以上であれば、単環芳香族炭化水素の収率を充分に高くできる。
単環芳香族炭化水素製造用触媒においては、リンおよび/またはホウ素を含有することが好ましい。単環芳香族炭化水素製造用触媒がリンおよび/またはホウ素を含有すれば、単環芳香族炭化水素の収率の経時的な低下を防止でき、また、触媒表面のコーク生成を抑制できる。また、本実施形態のようにスチームが入る場合、流動床反応器反応器12内でも水熱劣化を起こす可能性があるため、リンおよび/またはホウ素を含有する触媒がより好ましい。
単環芳香族炭化水素製造用触媒にホウ素を含有させる方法としては、例えば、イオン交換法、含浸法等により、結晶性アルミノシリケートまたは結晶性アルミノガロシリケートまたは結晶性アルミノジンコシリケートにホウ素を担持する方法、ゼオライト合成時にホウ素化合物を含有させて結晶性アルミノシリケートの骨格内の一部をホウ素と置き換える方法、ゼオライト合成時にホウ素を含有した結晶促進剤を用いる方法、などが挙げられる。
単環芳香族炭化水素製造用触媒には、必要に応じて、ガリウムおよび/または亜鉛を含有させることができる。ガリウムおよび/または亜鉛を含有させれば、単環芳香族炭化水素の生成割合をより多くできる。
単環芳香族炭化水素製造用触媒における亜鉛含有の形態としては、結晶性アルミノシリケートの格子骨格内に亜鉛が組み込まれたもの(結晶性アルミノジンコシリケート)、結晶性アルミノシリケートに亜鉛が担持されたもの(亜鉛担持結晶性アルミノシリケート)、その両方を含んだものが挙げられる。
亜鉛担持結晶性アルミノシリケートは、結晶性アルミノシリケートに亜鉛をイオン交換法、含浸法等の公知の方法によって担持している。その際に用いる亜鉛源としては、特に限定されないが、硝酸亜鉛、塩化亜鉛等の亜鉛塩、酸化亜鉛等が挙げられる。
単環芳香族炭化水素製造用触媒は、反応形式に応じて、例えば、粉末状、粒状、ペレット状等を使用する。例えば、本実施形態のように流動床の場合には、粉末状の触媒を使用し、別の実施形態のように固定床の場合には、粒状またはペレット状の触媒を使用する。流動床で用いる触媒の平均粒子径は30~180μmが好ましく、50~100μmがより好ましい。また、流動床で用いる触媒のかさ密度は0.4~1.8g/ccが好ましく、0.5~1.0g/ccがより好ましい。
なお、平均粒子径はふるいによる分級によって得た粒径分布において50質量%となる粒径を表し、かさ密度はJIS規格R9301-2-3の方法により測定した値である。
粒状またはペレット状の触媒を得る場合には、必要に応じて、バインダーとして触媒に不活性な酸化物を配合した後、各種成形機を用いて成形すればよい。
酸素含有ガスとしては、空気、純酸素等が挙げられ、経済的な点から、空気が好ましい。
原料油を単環芳香族炭化水素製造用触媒と接触、反応させる際の反応温度については、特に制限されないものの、400~650℃とすることが好ましい。反応温度の下限は、400℃以上であれば原料油を容易に反応させることができ、より好ましくは450℃以上である。また、反応温度の上限は、650℃以下であれば単環芳香族炭化水素の収率を十分に高くでき、より好ましくは600℃以下である。
原料油および後述するリサイクル油を単環芳香族炭化水素製造用触媒と接触、反応させる際の反応圧力は、1.5MPaG以下とすることが好ましく、1.0MPaG以下とすることがより好ましい。反応圧力が1.5MPaG以下であれば、軽質ガスの副生を抑制できる上に、反応装置の耐圧性を低くできる。
原料油と単環芳香族炭化水素製造用触媒との接触時間は、実質的に所望する反応が進行すれば特に制限はされないが、例えば、単環芳香族炭化水素製造用触媒上のガス通過時間で1~300秒が好ましく、さらに下限は5秒以上、上限は150秒以下がより好ましい。接触時間が1秒以上であれば、確実に反応させることができる。接触時間が300秒以下であれば、過度なコーキング等による触媒の炭素質の蓄積を抑制でき、または分解による軽質ガスの発生量を抑制できる。
二段による熱付けの場合、第1の熱付け槽の圧力は、第1の熱付け槽が、第2の熱付け槽より低い位置に置かれる場合、熱付け槽14にて熱付けされた芳香族製造触媒Aを第2の熱付け槽へ移送する必要上、第2の熱付け槽の圧力よりも高くする。第1の熱付け槽14内の圧力は、第2の熱付け槽の圧力より0.1MPa程度高いことが好ましく、0.2MPa以上であることがより好ましく、0.9MPa以上であることがさらに好ましい。
次に、第2の熱付け槽の圧力は、下限としては0.1MPaGが好ましく、0.2MPaGがより好ましく、0.3MPaGがさらに好ましい。一方上限としては0.8MPaGが好ましく、0.7MPaGがより好ましく、0.6MPaGがさらに好ましい。
二段による熱付けの場合、第1の熱付け槽の温度は、流動床反応器12内での芳香族製造反応に必要な熱が、熱付け槽14にて熱付けされた芳香族製造触媒Aによって供給される必要上、流動床反応器12内の反応温度以上にするのが好ましい。また、第1の熱付け槽内の温度は、熱付け用燃料の燃焼によって発生する高温の水蒸気による芳香族製造触媒Aの水熱劣化を抑えるため、第2の熱付け槽内の温度より低くする。具体的には、650℃以下が好ましく、630℃以下がより好ましい。
次に、第2の熱付け槽内の温度は、流動床反応器12での芳香族製造反応に必要な熱が、熱付け槽14にて熱付けされた芳香族製造触媒Aによって供給されるため、下限としては流動床反応器12内の反応温度が好ましく、500℃がより好ましく、600℃がさらに好ましい。一方上限としては800℃が好ましく、700℃がより好ましい。
なお、二段による熱付けの場合、熱付け用燃料は、原則、第1の熱付け槽に全量供給するのが好ましい。
したがって、本実施形態によれば、温度条件や触媒層高の条件を低下等させることなく、スチーム導入量を調整することで、流動床反応装置10の流動床反応器12内における反応を安定的に制御できる。また、原料油のターンダウン等があっても、芳香族製造触媒Aの流動状態を一定に維持することができる。
原料油である表1に示すLCO(10容量%留出温度215℃、90容量%留出温度が318℃)とスチームとをガス流量比2:1にて、反応温度:538℃、反応圧力:0.3MPaG、LCOと触媒に含まれるゼオライト成分との接触時間が7秒の条件で、流動床反応器にて触媒A(ガリウム0.2質量%およびリン0.7質量%を担持したMFI型ゼオライトにバインダーを含有させたもの)と接触、反応させ、分解改質反応を行った。
その結果、比較例とほぼ同等の流動状態とすることができた。生成物から気液分離並びに蒸留により炭素数6~8の単環芳香族炭化水素を回収した。回収したBTXの生成量を2次元ガスクロマトグラフ装置(ZOEX社製 KT2006 GC×GCシステム)を用いて測定したところ、35質量%であった。
原料油である表1に示すLCO(10容量%留出温度215℃、90容量%留出温度が318℃)のみを、反応温度:538℃、反応圧力:0.3MPaG、LCOと触媒に含まれるゼオライト成分との接触時間が7秒の条件で、流動床反応器にて実施例と同量の触媒A(ガリウム0.2質量%およびリン0.7質量%を担持したMFI型ゼオライトにバインダーを含有させたもの)と接触、反応させ、分解改質反応を行った。その際、LCOのガス流量は実施例に対して、約1.5倍量(つまり、実施例のスチームとLCOのガス流量比の和)であった。加えて生成物から気液分離並びに蒸留により炭素数6~8の単環芳香族炭化水素を回収した。回収したBTXの生成量を2次元ガスクロマトグラフ装置(ZOEX社製 KT2006 GC×GCシステム)を用いて測定したところ、35質量%であった。
例えば、通常は、最下方にある通常の触媒ライザ16から原料を導入し、そのターンダウンがなされるときに、そのターンダウンした量の原料油は、上方のターンダウン用の触媒ライザ16から導入する。これによって、所望の接触時間と流動状態を維持させる。一方、下方にある通常の触媒ライザ16からは、原料油に代えて若しくは原料油の量を減じながら、スチームを導入することが好ましい。
さらに、原料油の導入も、ターンダウンに対応するよう、流動床反応器12に多段(上下段)に導入部を設け、通常運転時の導入位置(下段)からターンダウン時には、接触時間の制御のために、上段部から導入してもよい。
2…原料油導入装置、
3…スチーム導入装置、
4…制御装置(スチーム導入量調整装置)、
10…流動床反応装置、
12…流動床反応器、
14…熱付け槽、
16…触媒ライザ(触媒移送管)、
A…芳香族製造触媒
Claims (6)
- 10容量%留出温度が140℃以上かつ90容量%留出温度が380℃以下である原料油と芳香族製造触媒とを接触させて単環芳香族炭化水素を含む反応生成物を製造する単環芳香族炭化水素の製造方法であって、
前記原料油を、前記芳香族製造触媒を収容した流動床反応装置に導入する工程と、
前記流動床反応装置内で前記原料油を前記芳香族製造触媒と接触させる工程と、
前記原料油の単位時間あたりの導入量に応じて、前記流動床反応装置にスチームを導入するスチーム導入工程と、
を備える、単環芳香族炭化水素の製造方法。 - 前記原料油の単位時間あたりの導入量が所定の導入量よりも低下したとき、前記スチームの単位時間あたりの導入量を、前記原料油の単位時間あたりの導入量の差分に応じて調整するスチーム導入量調整工程をさらに備える、
請求項1に記載の単環芳香族炭化水素の製造方法。 - 前記流動床反応装置は、前記芳香族製造触媒を収容する流動床反応器と、前記流動床反応器内から抜き出した前記芳香族製造触媒を燃焼によって熱付けする熱付け槽と、前記熱付け槽にて熱付けされた前記芳香族製造触媒を前記流動床反応器に移送する触媒移送管と、を有しており、
前記スチーム導入工程では、前記流動床反応器及び前記触媒移送管の少なくともいずれか一方に前記スチームを導入する、
請求項1または2に記載の単環芳香族炭化水素の製造方法。 - 10容量%留出温度が140℃以上かつ90容量%留出温度が380℃以下である原料油と芳香族製造触媒とを接触させて単環芳香族炭化水素を含む反応生成物を製造する単環芳香族炭化水素の製造プラントであって、
前記芳香族製造触媒を収容した流動床反応装置と、
前記原料油を、前記流動床反応装置に導入して芳香族製造触媒と接触させる原料油導入装置と、
前記原料油の単位時間あたりの導入量に応じて、前記流動床反応装置にスチームを導入するスチーム導入装置と、
を備える、単環芳香族炭化水素の製造プラント。 - 前記原料油の単位時間あたりの導入量が所定の導入量よりも低下したとき、前記スチームの単位時間あたりの導入量を、前記原料油の単位時間あたりの導入量の差分に応じて調整するスチーム導入量調整装置をさらに備える、
請求項4に記載の単環芳香族炭化水素の製造プラント。 - 前記流動床反応装置は、前記芳香族製造触媒を収容する流動床反応器と、
前記流動床反応器内から抜き出した前記芳香族製造触媒を燃焼によって熱付けする熱付け槽と、
前記熱付け槽にて熱付けされた前記芳香族製造触媒を前記流動床反応器に移送する触媒移送管と、を有しており、
前記スチーム導入装置は、前記流動床反応器及び前記触媒移送管の少なくともいずれか一方に前記スチームを導入する、
請求項4または5に記載の単環芳香族炭化水素の製造プラント。
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007527937A (ja) * | 2004-03-08 | 2007-10-04 | 中国石油化工股▲分▼有限公司 | 低級オレフィンおよび芳香族炭化水素の製造方法 |
| WO2010109899A1 (ja) | 2009-03-27 | 2010-09-30 | 千代田化工建設株式会社 | 芳香族炭化水素の製造方法 |
| WO2011118753A1 (ja) * | 2010-03-26 | 2011-09-29 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | 単環芳香族炭化水素の製造方法 |
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| US3654140A (en) * | 1970-08-12 | 1972-04-04 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Novel cat cracking oil feed injector design |
| US7670478B2 (en) | 2004-12-30 | 2010-03-02 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | FCC feed injection system |
| BRPI0610522A2 (pt) | 2005-04-04 | 2017-01-31 | Fisher Rosemount Systems Inc | métodos para detectar uma situação anormal associada com uma instalação de processo, uma situação anormal em um craqueador catalítico fluido e em uma coluna de destilação, para processar dados coletados em uma instalação de processo, e para adaptar uma onda senoidal aos dados coletados dentro de uma instalação de processo |
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2012
- 2012-05-24 US US14/119,609 patent/US9388096B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-05-24 EP EP12790290.6A patent/EP2716739A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-05-24 JP JP2013516440A patent/JP5851498B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-05-24 WO PCT/JP2012/063363 patent/WO2012161272A1/ja not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007527937A (ja) * | 2004-03-08 | 2007-10-04 | 中国石油化工股▲分▼有限公司 | 低級オレフィンおよび芳香族炭化水素の製造方法 |
| WO2010109899A1 (ja) | 2009-03-27 | 2010-09-30 | 千代田化工建設株式会社 | 芳香族炭化水素の製造方法 |
| WO2011118753A1 (ja) * | 2010-03-26 | 2011-09-29 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | 単環芳香族炭化水素の製造方法 |
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| Title |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US9388096B2 (en) | 2016-07-12 |
| US20140179968A1 (en) | 2014-06-26 |
| EP2716739A4 (en) | 2014-12-10 |
| JP5851498B2 (ja) | 2016-02-03 |
| JPWO2012161272A1 (ja) | 2014-07-31 |
| EP2716739A1 (en) | 2014-04-09 |
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