WO2012159770A1 - Apparatus and process for producing components having at least one continuous property change - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an apparatus for producing at least one concrete component, minerally bound component, component containing inorganic material and/or component bonded by means of a binder. The apparatus comprises at least two metering devices (10), wherein at least one of the at least two metering devices (10) is configured for metering material for forming the component and at least one other of the at least two metering devices (10) is configured for adjustably metering material for forming the component. The apparatus further comprises at least one feed device (30) which is arranged downstream of the at least two metering devices (10) and is configured for supplying material to produce the component and to provide the component with at least one continuous or approximately continuous property change in at least one direction in space. The invention further comprises a corresponding process for producing the component and a component which is produced by such a process.

Description

 DESCRIPTION

The invention relates to a device for producing at least one concrete component, mineral-bonded component, inorganic material-containing component or component held together by a binder, which has at least one continuous or approximated continuous change in property at least one spatial direction is provided. The invention further relates to a corresponding manufacturing method and a component which is produced by means of such a production method. In the prior art concrete components made of homogeneous concrete mixtures (from ultra-high strength concrete to infrared light concrete) are known. Furthermore, sandwich-type and multi-layered concrete components are known, which have layers with abrupt, stepwise property change. The production of such concrete components is usually carried out by casting, in

Wet spraying or dry spraying process. Furthermore, multifunctional components are known, which are formed by a material mix (eg thermal insulation systems). It is also known to optimize components by changing the component geometry (structural lightweight). A disadvantage of the known components is that they are usually adapted only insufficiently to the actual load-bearing structural and structural-physical requirements, resulting in high material consumption, weight increase, high transport costs, waste of resources and high CO2 emissions.

In view of the above, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure that there is a need to overcome or overcome the above-described problems or disadvantages. The invention addresses this need in the art as well as other needs which will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure.

The tasks resulting from the above can be achieved in particular with the features of the independent claims. However, the invention is not limited to embodiments which eliminate all the problems or disadvantages of the prior art mentioned above. Rather, the invention also claims general protection for the embodiments described by standing.

According to the invention, an apparatus is provided for producing at least one component, in particular a concrete component, a mineral-bonded component, preferably a component containing predominantly inorganic material, and / or a component held together by a binder.

In particular, the device has at least two, preferably separate and / or parallel, metering devices, wherein at least one of the at least two metering devices is designed to meter material for the component, and at least one other of the at least two metering devices is formed, material for the component expedient at least temporarily variable to dose. The device further comprises at least one dispensing device to dispense (preferably the metered and / or variably metered) material. The component is advantageously produced such that it is provided with at least one continuous (in particular graded) or approximated continuous (in particular graded) property change in at least one spatial direction, preferably two or three spatial directions. The property change is appropriate a functional property change.

The "at least one continuous or continuous approximated property change" will usually be distinguished ^¬ the due HEREINAFTER soon as "continuous change in property".

The continuous change in the properties advantageously makes it possible for the component to be adapted to a structural-physical and / or structural-structural requirement profile (which actually occurs in practice). Thus, the component composition / structure preferably follows a structural-physical and / or supporting-structural requirement profile. As a result, it is possible, for example, to achieve an at least approximately homogeneous state of stress, an improvement in the thermal insulation properties and a multifunctionality (eg carrying, insulating, sealing) of the component. For example, by means of the continuous property change, an improvement in the component properties can be achieved by a local adaptation of the porosity and thus the strength and rigidity to actually occurring stress states in the component, eg by means of lightweight aggregates, pore formers, etc. Consequently, a mass and material saving and For example, smaller component dimensions feasible, resulting in a more positive life cycle assessment leads compared to conventional components. In building construction, the mass and material savings also lead advantageously to a gain in usable space. Furthermore, the continuous change in properties can ensure a permanent bond of component regions of different material, in particular concrete composition. The continuous change in properties can be used in addition to the adaptation of the component to load-structural and structural-physical requirement profiles and the adaptation of the component to economic and environmental requirement profiles. For example, resource efficiency, C02 footprint, reduction of embodied energy, and / or improved recyclability, etc. are achievable.

In particular, the continuous change in properties relates to at least one of the following: thermal conductivity, strength, stiffness, bulk density, porosity, air-pore content,

Pigmentation, water content, fiber content, water vapor diffusion resistance, water penetration depth and content and type of aggregates, additives, additives and other possible components, in particular concrete components.

In particular, the invention makes it possible to produce varietally pure, e.g. purely mineral and yet multifunctional components. Thus, it is possible to dispense with a disadvantageous material mix that is not based on type of material (poor recyclability) and still advantageously achieve reduced component dimensions.

The component is particularly used in civil engineering and / or civil engineering and can be designed, for example, as part of the building Sheath, outer wall, cladding panel, as part of the structure, floor slab, beam, wall, beam, beam, column, column wall, foundation, noise barrier, exterior design, partition wall, tunnel wall, bridge construction, deck plate, tank, pipe, etc.

In the context of the invention, the continuous property change comprises, in particular, a flowing, graded, continuous and / or stepless change in property. In the context of the invention, the approximated continuous property change comprises, in particular, a stepwise or discontinuous property change, e.g. can be achieved by means of a multilayer structure or another suitable approximation structure. The approximated continuous change in property, in particular the multi-layer structure, is preferably approximated to a continuous property change such that the deviation from the continuous property change is expediently negligible with regard to a structural-structural and / or structural-physical requirement profile to be achieved. For example, the approximated continuous property change may be approximated by a multilayer structure having at least 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 50, 75 or 100 different layers to a continuous property change.

The property change can be formed in the component interior and / or on the surface of the component.

The at least one dispensing device is in particular formed downstream of the at least two metering devices.

Preferably, the material supplied to a metering device is different from that of the other metering device supplied material, for example in nature, composition and / or Property. It is particularly preferred that the material fed to a metering device has reciprocal or opposite properties relative to the material supplied to the other metering device, for example one with high density, strength and thermal conductivity and the other with low density, strength and thermal conductivity.

The term "material" in the context of the invention includes in particular also materials and / or a material mixture, eg liquid material, granulated material, water, cement, aggregates, additives, additives, air pores, functional materials, gypsum, plaster, fibers, displacement body, plastic foam body, Hollow body or other prefabricated functional body (of any size, geometry and / or density, eg with diameters of several centimeters, approximately greater than 5, 10, 15 or 20 cm, preferably made of ultrahigh-strength fiber fine grain concrete), etc. and / or a mixture thereof Material can be made available in quasi pure form and / or mixed form.

In the context of the invention, it is possible that the at least two metering devices are designed to dose material to form the component variable. The device preferably comprises a measure which ensures that a material which has been metered by one of the at least two metering devices and a material which has been variably metered by another of the at least two metering devices are mixed with one another. The at least one measure is preferably formed downstream of the at least two metering devices. It is possible that the continuous property change is achieved by the variable metering and / or by varying the mixing ratio of the materials. The changeable Dosage and / or the variation is preferably carried out continuously (eg graded), in particular fluently.

For example, it is possible to mix from virtually pure starting materials or from premixed material mixtures, or a premixed material mixture or a quasi-pure starting material can be modified by admixing further materials / material mixtures.

It is possible that the device comprises at least one mixing device (eg a continuous mixer, a continuous mixer, a mixer mixing through the geometry of its mixing chamber, a static mixer, a dynamic mixer, a mixing device mixed by means of compressed air turbulence (eg with the aid of a Ring nozzle), etc.). Preferably, the mixing device is designed to mix a material which has been metered by one of the at least two metering devices and a material which has been variably metered by another of the at least two metering devices. For example, the mixing device can be arranged upstream of the at least one output device or within the at least one output device.

It is possible that the device has at least two, three or more than three preferably parallel arranged output devices to output material. The at least two dispensing devices are preferably arranged downstream of the at least two metering devices.

Preferably, at least one first dispensing device is configured to dispense material metered by one of the at least two dispensers by means of a spray jet, and a second dispenser is configured. det to output material that has been variably dosed by another of the at least two metering devices by means of a spray jet. In particular, the at least one first and second output device are designed such that the material output from the first output device and the material output from the second output device mix by intersecting the spray jets. In this embodiment, the mixing takes place in the spray and / or downstream outside the at least one first and second output devices or preferably generally outside the device. The sprays are preferably spray cones.

In the context of the invention, therefore, metered material can be mixed with variably metered material, or variably metered material can be mixed with variably metered material, in particular upstream, in and / or downstream of at least one dispensing device. The intermixing is particularly continuous (e.g., graded, continuous).

It is possible for at least one of the at least two metering devices to be formed (preferably the at least two metering devices) in order to meter material continuously or in an approximated continuously variable manner. For example, the variable dosage may be varied over a period of at least 1, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, or 180 seconds. It is also possible for the at least two metering devices to be expediently conventional at least temporarily.

In the context of the invention, a continuously changed metering comprises in particular a flowing, graded, continuous and / or continuous metering. Within the scope of the invention In particular, an approximated, continuously varied metering comprises a stepwise or unsteady metering. The approximated continuously changed metering is in particular approximated by means of at least 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 50, 75 or 100 approximation steps to a continuously changed metering, whereby the approximated continuous property change generated on the component compared to the continuous property change with respect to a the relevant structural and / or structural requirements profile is expediently negligible.

The at least one dispensing device is preferably a dispensing device for spraying off material, in particular in order to achieve a flat material application. Here, the spraying can be done for example by means of a wet or dry spray process. The at least one dispensing device preferably comprises a compressed air connection in order to spray off material under pressure. It is also possible for the at least one dispensing device to be an introduction strip in order, for example, to cast material in layers, in particular in order to achieve a linear material application. The introduction strip can have, for example, slot-shaped openings (for example, opposite and / or offset from one another), in particular for receiving material on one side and dispensing material in a defined width on the other side. In this case, the output of the materials preferably takes place without compressed air. It is also possible for the at least one output device to be a print head or a nozzle in order to output material in the form of drops and / or continuously, in particular to produce a pointwise, discrete and / or linear material. to achieve an order. Preferably, the output of the material takes place continuously and / or without compressed air.

Preferably, the device comprises a particularly automated movement device (guide device) for moving (guiding) the at least one output device. The moving means may comprise the at least one output means e.g. pivot, rotate, move horizontally, move vertically, move in an arc, etc .. The movement device is used in particular for exact positioning and / or aligning the at least one output device.

It is possible that the moving means comprises a distributor mast or articulated arm (e.g., multi-joint mast or multi-joint arm). It is also possible that the movement device comprises a robot, in particular 5-axis or 6-axis robot. The movement device may also include a portal construction, which is preferably movable and / or on which at least one output device is movably arranged, preferably horizontally, axially and / or pivotally.

It is possible for the movement device to comprise a preferably uniaxially and / or vertically movable holding construction which has a multiplicity of e.g. grid-shaped output devices (e.g., at least three, four, eight, or twelve). Advantageously, the dispensers may be e.g. individually different (e.g., for multi-axial property change) or collectively the same (e.g., for uniaxial property change).

Preferably, the at least two metering devices are individually actuated during operation. Likewise, several output devices can be controlled individually during operation. It is possible that the device has at least one detection device for detecting at least one component-specific, component-influencing and / or device-specific state parameter (eg state variable, state property, positioning, etc.). The detection can take place, for example, before, during and / or after the production of the component. The detection device is preferably movable together with the at least one output device and, for example, attached to the at least one output device or to the movement device. It is also possible for the detection device to be stationary, ie not moved with the output device or the movement device. The stationary detection device is positioned, for example, outside a formwork for the component or integrated in the formwork for the component.

It is possible for the device to have a detection device for detecting at least one material flow-specific state parameter, which is e.g. within the device (e.g., volumetric flow, state size, state property, etc.). The detection may e.g. before, during and / or after the manufacture of the component.

In the context of the invention, the component-specific state parameter comprises in particular at least one of the following: geometry, layer thickness, position, dimension, composition, texture and presence of the material application and thus of the component or at least a part thereof and any other properties characterizing the component or material application , The component-influencing state parameter encompasses in the context of the invention in particular at least one of the following: geometry, position, position, orientation and presence of a reinforcement for the component, an installation part for the component or in general other state parameters that are present at the production location of the component, influencing the component and / or the production process, by means of at least output of an output device output material (eg spray jet (s), etc.), distance of the at least one output device for material application, formwork, installation part, etc. and also eg climatic state parameters such as air temperature, humidity, etc .. The device-specific state parameter includes in the frame the invention in particular at least one of the following: position, position, orientation and speed of the at least one output device and / or the movement device and generally the device characterizing parameters (eg, static and / or dynamic properties). Within the scope of the invention, the material flow-specific state parameter comprises at least one of the following: one or more material volume flows, composition and consistency of the material volume flows, delivery pressure, etc. The above-mentioned state parameters may be, for example, changing, dynamic, static, immutable, etc. States, characteristics, properties, etc. act.

In the context of the invention, the detection comprises in particular measuring, measuring, detecting and / or monitoring. The at least one detection device can thus be a measuring device, measuring device, detection device and / or monitoring device (eg sensor, laser sensor, laser point sensor, 3D laser scanner, pressure sensor, etc.), whereby it can be determined, for example, whether the component is manufactured correctly. Preferably, the device comprises a particular electronic control device (eg, a control and / or regulating device), which is preferably connected to at least one control section (eg a controllable and controllable section) to the at least one control section and / or the Dosing at least one of the at least two metering devices, for example by means of at least one actuator, actuator, valve or other suitable way to control (eg to regulate and / or to control), preferably in real time. In a particularly noteworthy embodiment of the invention, a control device is connected to one of the at least two metering devices in order to control the metering and / or connected to the other of the at least two metering devices in order to control the metering in such a way that it is variable; eg, as mentioned above, as a function of at least one state parameter described above and / or a computer-generated model of the component to be produced described below.

The control device is preferably connected to at least one of the two detection devices and / or the at least one control section by means of a control circuit (control and / or regulating circuit).

The control device is preferably designed to control the at least one control section in dependence on the at least one state parameter detected by the first and / or second detection device, e.g. to control over the control circuit.

The control device is furthermore designed in particular to be produced as a function of a computer-generated model (3D CAD design - CAD: computer-aided design) Component, in particular this performing data / information to control the at least one control section. For this purpose, the control device may comprise, for example, a memory unit in which the computer-generated model, in particular this representative data / information can be stored, and / or an interface for transferring the computer-generated model, in particular this representative data / information, into the control device. The computer-generated model can include the component geometry to be achieved, the material structure to be achieved and / or the material composition of the component to be achieved (eg type, porosity, air pore content, pigmentation, distribution of the materials, composition of the materials, fiber and reinforcement content, mechanical properties, etc .).

In the context of the invention, an active control (control, regulation) or influencing of the at least one control section on the basis of a comparison of actual and desired state is possible, in particular by detecting at least one state parameter (actual size), comparing with target value. Size (eg from computer-generated model), appropriate control or influence of the control section, and if necessary, re-capture, compare, appropriate control, etc ..

It should be mentioned that the device has at least one, preferably before ^¬ two conveyors (eg pumps, screw pumps, etc.) for conveying the materials of the at least two Dosiereinrichtun ^¬ gene are preferably located upstream. At least one of the at least two metering devices can be designed as a conveyor. The at least one control section may, for example, be one of the following: one of the at least two metering devices to thereby advantageously control the metering, the other of the at least two metering devices to thereby advantageously control the variable metering, the at least one dispensing device Variety of output devices, for example, individually different or collectively similar controllable, the at least one measure, the moving means and / or the at least two conveyors for conveying the materials and other suitable variable device parameters.

It should be noted that at least one of the at least two metering devices e.g. as a flow restrictor, valve, etc. may be formed.

It is possible that the device comprises at least three, four, eight or twelve dispensers, e.g. are arranged in a grid or in series adjacent to each other. As already mentioned above, it is possible that the output devices e.g. individually different (e.g., for multi-axis property change) or collectively the same (e.g., for uniaxial property change). The at least two metering devices are arranged in particular in parallel and / or designed for independent metering. In addition, the at least two output devices are also arranged in particular in parallel, which also applies expediently to the at least two conveyors.

It should also be mentioned that the individual devices described above, such as the metering devices, the mixing device and / or the dispensing device, become devices can be summarized, which fulfill several of the functions mentioned at the same time.

In the context of the invention, it is possible for the metering to be carried out by means of the at least one metering device and the variable metering to be carried out by means of the at least one other metering device to be simultaneously, temporally overlapping and / or temporally spaced, e.g. is performed sequentially.

The invention also encompasses a method for producing at least one component, in particular a concrete component, a mineral-bonded component, preferably a component containing predominantly inorganic material, and / or a component held together by a binder. The method is preferably carried out with a device as described herein.

Preferably, in the method, material for forming the component is metered by means of at least one of at least two metering devices.

Furthermore, material for forming the component is variably metered by means of at least one other of the at least two metering devices.

In addition, for example, material can be dispensed by means of at least one output device arranged downstream of the at least two metering devices to produce the component and to provide it with at least one continuous or approximated continuous property change in at least one spatial direction, preferably two or three spatial directions. Further method steps result from the above description concerning the device, which is referred to in order to avoid repetition. In addition, the invention comprises a component produced by means of the method according to the invention. In the context of the invention, it is possible that the component produced by the method according to the invention is further processed and / or modified.

The above features according to the invention and embodiments can be combined with one another as desired. Other advantageous developments of the invention are disclosed in the dependent claims or will become apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1: shows schematically a schematic diagram of a

 Device for producing a component according to an embodiment of the invention, Figure 2 shows schematically a mixing principle according to

 Embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 3 shows schematically a mixing principle according to another embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 1 schematically shows a mixing principle according to yet another embodiment of the invention; FIG. 5 shows an embodiment according to the invention in which a mixing process of the materials for forming the component takes place upstream of an output device; FIG. 6 shows an embodiment according to the invention, in which a mixing process of the materials for forming the component takes place within an output device,

Figure 7: shows an embodiment according to the invention, in which a mixing process of the materials for forming the component downstream outside of two output devices, or generally outside of the device for manufacturing the construction part is ^¬,

8 shows schematically a material application principle according to an embodiment of the invention, in which the materials for forming the component are output by means of a print head,

FIG. 9 shows schematically a material application principle according to an embodiment of the invention, in which the materials for forming the component are output by means of an insertion strip,

FIG. 10 shows schematically a material application principle according to an embodiment of the invention, in which the materials for forming the component are sprayed by means of a spraying device,

FIG. 11 shows a movement device in the form of a

 Distributor mast or articulated arm according to a

Embodiment of the invention,

Figure 12: shows a moving device in the form of a movable portal construction, on which a Output device is movably mounted, according to an embodiment of the invention, shows a moving means having a plurality of arranged in a grid output devices according to an embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 14 shows a schematic representation of states which can be found before and during the production of the component, as well as possible types and positions of detection devices,

FIG. 15: shows a schematic diagram according to an embodiment of the invention, in which the materials for forming the component downstream of two dispensers in the spray mist are mixed with one another,

FIG. 16 shows a schematic diagram according to another embodiment of the invention, in which the materials for forming the component downstream of three dispensers in the spray mist are mixed with one another,

17 shows a component with a one-dimensional continuous or approximated continuous property change according to an embodiment of the invention, FIG.

FIG. 18 shows a component with two-dimensional continuous or approximated continuous Property change according to an embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 19 shows a component with a three-dimensionally continuous or approximated continuous property change according to an embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 20: shows a schematic diagram of the principle

 FIG. 21: shows a flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of the invention, and FIG. 21: shows the production and the resulting microstructure of a continuous or approximated continuous property change according to an embodiment of the invention

FIG. 22: shows a flowchart of a method according to another embodiment of the invention.

The embodiments shown in the figures are partially identical, with similar or identical parts being provided with the same reference numerals, and to the explanation of which reference is also made to the description of one or more other embodiments in order to avoid repetition.

FIG. 1 shows schematically a schematic representation of a device 1 for producing a component according to an embodiment of the invention. The component to be produced is a concrete component, mineral-bonded component, inorganic material-containing component or component held together by means of a binder. The device 1 has three separate, parallel-arranged metering devices 10, the can be supplied via three parallel feeds 20 with different materials for forming the component. The materials can be supplied to the three metering devices 10, for example, in virtually pure form or as mixtures. The three metering devices 10 are designed to meter the material supplied to them continuously, in particular in a graded variable manner.

The device 1 comprises a measure 40.1, which ensures that the metered materials are mixed together. The measure 40.1 is formed by a mixing device which is arranged downstream of the three metering devices 10. The apparatus 1 also comprises three parallel conveyors 80 for conveying the materials. The device 1 further comprises an output device 30 arranged downstream of the three metering devices and downstream of the measure 40.1 for dispensing the metered and mixed materials by means of a spray jet ST in order to produce a material application MA in a formwork 100 and to manufacture the component. The component is produced such that it is provided with at least one functional continuous property change in at least one spatial direction.

The apparatus 1 also comprises a movement device 50 for moving the delivery device 30 during the manufacture of the component and a detection device 60, which will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 11 to 14.

Furthermore, the device 1 comprises a control section (schematically indicated in FIG. 1 by means of the arrow) and a control device (control / regulation device) 70 which is connected to the control section and the detection device 60. is bound. The control device 70 is designed to control the control section, for example by means of one or more actuators, depending on the state parameters detected by the detection device 60 and in dependence on a 3D CAD model (CAD: Computer Added Design) of the component to be produced. The control section comprises the movement device 50 and the three metering devices 10, which makes it possible in particular to control the continuous metering. It is also possible for the control section to comprise further devices of the device 1, for example the mixing device 40.1, the dispensing device 30 and the conveying devices 80. Likewise, the checking may alternatively or additionally be carried out as a function of detected material-flow-specific state parameters which occur during the production process be present within the device 1 and detected by a further, not shown, connected to the control device 70 detection device. Figure 2 shows schematically a mixing principle according to an embodiment of the invention. The mixing principle is based on two, for example, homogeneous starting mixtures A and B, which preferably have reciprocal properties (eg starting mixture A with high density, high strength and high heat conductivity and starting mixture B with low density, low strength and low thermal conductivity). FIG. 3 shows schematically a mixing principle according to another embodiment of the invention. The mixing principle is based on a starting mixture which is modified by mixing in other materials such as aggregates (eg gravel, sand, gravel or other common aggregates) and / or additives (eg color pigments, organic substances, fibers and other common concrete admixtures). Figure 4 shows schematically a mixing principle according to yet another embodiment of the invention. The mixing principle is based on the fact that the materials for the formation of the component, such as water, cement, aggregates, additives, additives, are virtually mixed together in pure form. With reference to Figures 2 to 4, the continuous property change is achieved by varying the mixing ratio of the starting materials and, in particular, by suitably varying the dosage of the starting materials. FIG. 5 shows a measure 40.1 according to an embodiment of the invention, which ensures that the different materials for forming the component are mixed with one another. The measure 40.1 comprises a mixing device, which is arranged upstream of the dispensing device 30. The mixing device may be, for example, a continuous mixer.

FIG. 6 shows a measure 40.2 according to another embodiment of the invention, which ensures that the different materials for forming the component are mixed with one another. The measure 40.2 comprises a mixing device which is accommodated in the output device 30. The mixing device may e.g. a mixing device which creates a mixture by the geometry of its mixing chamber, or a mixing device which generates a mixture by compressed air fluidization (for example by means of an annular nozzle).

FIG. 7 shows a measure 40.3 according to yet another embodiment of the invention, which ensures that the different materials for forming the component are mixed with one another. The measure 40.3 comprises two dispensing devices 30, which are designed such that the materials are dispensed by means of spray jets and are mixed with one another by overlapping the spray jets. that is, downstream of the two dispensers 30. The mixing process can be carried out, for example, by means of a wet or dry spraying process, in which preferably, for example, two homogeneous starting mixtures were preferably conveyed in parallel and metered separately.

FIG. 8 schematically shows a material application MA according to an embodiment of the invention. The dispensing device 30 shown in FIG. 8 is designed as a print head or nozzle in order to dispense the materials dropwise and / or continuously, whereby a pointwise or discrete material application is achieved. The material is applied without compressed air.

FIG. 9 schematically shows a material application MA according to another embodiment of the invention. The dispenser 30 is designed as an infeed rail to preferably pour the materials for forming the component in layers, thereby achieving a linear material coverage MA. The insertion strip comprises slot-shaped openings, which are arranged opposite to one another or offset from one another, for receiving material on one side and material delivery in a defined width on the other side. The width of the feed bar is less than or equal to the width of the formwork 100. The material is applied without compressed air.

FIG. 10 schematically shows a material application MA according to yet another embodiment of the invention. The dispensing device 30 is designed as a spraying device to spray off the materials for forming the component, whereby a flat material application is achieved. The spraying can take place by means of a wet or dry spraying process. The material is applied by means of compressed air. FIG. 11 schematically shows a schematic representation of an automated movement device 50 for moving the output device 30 according to an embodiment of the invention. The movement device 50 is a distributor boom or articulated arm with multiple degrees of freedom. The movement device 50 may be, for example, a 5-axis or 6-axis robot. The spray axis of the output device 30 can thus always be aligned orthogonal to the tangential plane at the job site. Suitable locations include: in situ, finished parts or field factory. This embodiment advantageously allows, for example, curved components. The arrows shown in FIG. 11 exemplify the movement possibilities of the movement device 50. FIG. 12 shows schematically a schematic diagram of an automated movement device 50 for moving the output device 30 according to an embodiment of the invention. The moving means 50 comprises a gantry structure on which an output means 30 is movably mounted, for example horizontally and vertically movable and as needed

pivotable. The portal construction can be moved horizontally. The arrows shown in FIG. 12 symbolize the movement possibilities of the movement device 50 and the output device 30.

Figure 13 shows an automated moving device 50 for moving a plurality of dispensers 30 according to yet another embodiment of the invention. The moving device 50 includes a movable holding structure that holds a plurality of output devices 30 arranged in a raster. The support structure and thus the grid of the plurality of output devices 30 are preferably uniaxial and in particular vertically movable. This can advantageously be an economical production level Components are realized, eg in the precast plant. Also advantageous are continuous property transitions in

Z-axis allows. FIG. 14 shows a schematic representation of states which can be found before and during the production of the component at the production site of the component and several detection devices 60, 60 ', 60 "for detecting corresponding state parameters. Detectors 60 and 60 'are for measuring and detecting component specific

(eg composition, geometry, layer thickness, material density, component properties, etc.), component influencing (eg formwork 100, reinforcement 101, built-102, temperature, humidity, etc.) and device-specific (eg position, speed, orientation, etc. of the output device 30th or the moving device 50) state parameters. The detection device 60 is movable together with the output device 30 and designed as a laser point sensor. The detection device 60 'is stationary, independent of the output device 30 and designed as a 3D laser scanner. Detector 60 "is integrated with formwork 100 and may be e.g. record the weight of the material order or the presence of material order. The detection device 60 "is designed as a pressure sensor.

The detection devices 60, 60 'and 60 "and their output data are integrated into the process chain for the production of the component and taken into account. In particular simultaneous detection of material flow-specific state parameters (eg one or more parallel material volume flows, consistency and / or composition of the material volume flows, delivery pressure, etc.) within the device 1 by means of a further detection device, not shown and feedback with a control circuit, the control of the control section (ie in particular the variable device parameters), which thus represents a control section, can take place in real time.

Figure 15 shows schematically a schematic diagram according to an embodiment of the invention. The embodiment comprises two parallel arranged material containers X and Y, two parallel conveyors 80, two parallel dispensers 10 and two parallel dispensers 30. The two dispensers 30 each comprise a compressed air port 31 for compressed air assisted dispensing.

The material container X is provided for a starting mixture A. The starting mixture A is conveyed by the conveyor 80 to the metering device 10, metered by the metering device 10, and forwarded to the output device 30, which outputs the starting mixture A by means of a spray jet ST1. The material container Y is provided for a starting mixture B. The starting mixture B is conveyed by the other conveyor 80 to the other metering device 10, continuously metered by the other metering device 10 continuously variable, and forwarded to the other output device 30, which outputs the starting mixture B by means of a spray jet ST2. The dispensers 30 are formed so as to overlap the sprays ST1, ST2 to mix the raw materials A, B with each other. Figure 16 shows yet another embodiment of the invention in which three dispensers 30 are adapted to dispense material by means of a respective spray jet ST1, ST2, ST3. One of the output devices 30 is fed supplements, another output device 30 is an output mixture is supplied and the remaining output device 30 are fed additives. The dispensers 30 are arranged to intersect the addition spray ST1, the source mixture spray ST3, and the auxiliary spray ST2 so as to mix the additives, the starting mixture, and the additives.

FIG. 17 schematically shows a representation of a component BT with continuous (graded) or approximated continuous (graded) property change in one spatial direction. The varying circular diameters symbolize the property change of the material composition and thus of the component BT. Application examples are flat components, walls, cladding panels, etc.

FIG. 18 schematically shows a representation of a component BT with continuous (graded) or approximated continuous (graded) property change in two spatial directions. Again, the varying circle diameter symbolize the change in property of the material composition and thus of the component BT. Application examples are cylindrical components, supports, tubes, etc. FIG. 19 shows schematically a representation of a component BT with continuous (graded) or approximated continuous (graded) property change in three spatial directions. Likewise, the varying circle diameters symbolize the change in the properties of the material composition and thus of the component BT. Application examples are floor slabs, beams, cantilevers, etc.

FIG. 20 schematically shows the generation and the structure or the structure of the continuous (graded) or appro- ximiert continuous (graded) property changes by varying the material composition and in particular the mixing ratio of the metered by means of at least two metering devices 10 materials. Variable parameters include eg the content, the size, the packing density, the type, the orientation and the ratio of the different materials.

FIG. 21 shows a flow chart of a method for producing a component which is carried out with the device 1, according to an embodiment of the invention.

In a step Sl, a material A (virtually in pure form or as a mixture) is fed to a metering device 30. In a parallel step Sl ', a different kind of material B (virtually in pure form or as a mixture) is fed to another metering device 30.

In a step S2, the material A is e.g. controlled by a control device (e.g., controlled or regulated). In a parallel step S2 ', the material B is e.g. controlled by the control means (e.g., controlled or regulated) variably metered. In a step S3, the material A is guided to an output device 30. In a parallel step S3 ', the material B is guided to another output device 30.

In a step S4, the material A is discharged from the one discharge means 30 by means of a spray jet, and the material B is discharged from the other discharge means 30 by means of a spray jet. The two sprays overlap to mix the materials A and B together. The mixing thus takes place downstream of the dispensers 30 in the spray. By means of suitable metering of the materials A and B, suitable variation of the mixing ratio of the materials A and B and suitable movement of the dispensers 30 by means of the movement means 50, a component with continuous or approximated continuous property change can be produced.

FIG. 22 shows a flowchart of a method for producing a component which is carried out with the device 1, according to another embodiment of the invention.

In a step Sl, a material A (virtually in pure form or as a mixture) is fed to a metering device 30. In a parallel step Sl ', a material B (virtually in pure form or as a mixture) is conducted to another metering device 30.

In a step S2, the material A, for example, controlled by means of a control device (eg controlled or regulated) metered. In a parallel step S2 ^' , the material B is controlled, for example by means of a control device (eg controlled or regulated) variably dosed. In a step S3, the material A is guided to an output device 30. In a parallel step S3 ', the material B is guided to the same output device 30.

In a step S4, the materials A and B are mixed within the dispenser 30 by means of a mixer. In an alternative embodiment, it is possible for the materials A and B to be mixed together upstream of the dispenser 30 by means of a mixer. In a step S5, the intermingled materials A and B are discharged from the dispenser 30 to manufacture a component. The component is produced such that it is provided with a graded change in property in at least one spatial direction, preferably two or three spatial directions.

The steps performed in parallel in Figs. 21 and 22 may be e.g. also overlapping in time and / or performed sequentially.

The invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments described above. Rather, a variety of variants and modifications is possible, which also make use of the inventive idea and therefore fall within the scope. In particular, the invention also claims protection for the subject matter of the individual subclaims, independently of the subject matter of the claims referred to.

 ~ k ~ "k

Claims

1. An apparatus for producing at least one concrete component, mineral-bonded component, inorganic material-containing component and / or held together by means of a binder component, with  at least two metering devices (10), wherein at least one of the at least two metering devices (10) is designed to meter material for forming the component, and at least one other of the at least two metering devices (10) is designed to variably meter material for forming the component , and at least one output device (30) arranged downstream of the at least two metering devices (10), which is designed to output material in order to produce the component and to provide it with at least one continuous or approximated continuous property change in at least one spatial direction. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises at least one measure (40.1; 40.2; 40.3) which ensures that material metered by one of the at least two metering devices (10) and material from the other the at least two metering devices (10) were variably metered, are mixed together and preferably form a mixing ratio, wherein the property change is achieved by varying the mixing ratio. 3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the device comprises at least one mixing device (40.1; 40.2) arranged upstream of the at least one output device (30) or in the at least one output device (30). net is and is formed, material that has been metered by the one of the at least two metering devices (10), and material that has been variably metered by the other of the at least two metering devices (10) to mix with each other. , Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the apparatus comprises at least one first dispenser (30) for dispensing material dispensed from the one of the at least two dispensers (10) by means of a spray (ST1) and a second dispenser (30 ), to output material that has been variably metered from the other of the at least two metering devices (10) by means of a spray jet (ST2), and the at least one first and second output device (30) are formed so that the see first output means (30) output material and the output from the second output device (30) material by overlapping the spray jets (ST1, ST2) together see. 5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the at least two metering devices (10) is formed in order to dose material continuously or approimiimously continuously variable. 6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one output device (30) is a spray device to spray off material, in particular in order to achieve a flat material application. 7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the output device (30) is an insertion strip to material to pour, in particular, to achieve a linear material application. 8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the at least one output device (30) is a printhead or a nozzle to output material drop-shaped or continuously, in particular to achieve a pointwise or discrete material application. 9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the device comprises a preferably automated movement means (50) for moving the at least one output device (30). 10. The device according to claim 9, wherein the movement device (50)  comprises a distribution boom or articulated arm,  comprises a robot, in particular a 5-axis or 6-axis robot, - Includes a portal construction, which is preferably movable and on which preferably at least one output device (30) is movably arranged, and / or comprises a support structure which holds a plurality of raster terförmig arranged output devices (30). 11. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the device comprises at least a first detection means (60) for detecting at least one component-specific, component-influencing and / or device-specific Zu- stationary parameter. 12. The device according to claim 11, wherein the first detection device (60) together with the at least one output device (30) is movable, or is stationary, in particular outside a formwork (100) positioned for the component or integrated in the formwork (100) for the component. 13. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the device comprises a second detection means for detecting at least one material flow-specific state parameter, which is present within the device. 14. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the device comprises a control device (70) to control at least one control section or the dosing of at least one of the at least two metering devices (10), preferably in real time. 15. Device according to claim 14, wherein the control device (70) is designed to control the at least one control section as a function of the at least one state parameter detected by the first and / or second detection device. 16. Device according to one of claims 14 or 15, wherein the control device (70) is designed to control the at least one control section depending on a computer-generated model of the component to be produced or at least a part of the component to be produced. 17. Device according to one of claims 14 to 16, wherein the at least one control section comprises at least one of the following: one of the at least two metering devices (10), in particular to control the metering, the other of the at least two metering devices (10), in particular to control the variable metering,  the at least one output device (30), a plurality of output means (30) individually controllable differently or collectively,  the at least one mixing device,  the movement device (50), - At least one of at least two conveyors (80) for conveying the materials. 18. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least three output devices (30) are arranged grid-shaped. 19. A method for producing at least one concrete component, mineral-bonded component, inorganic material-containing component and / or component held together by means of a binder, preferably carried out by means of a device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein material for forming the component by means of at least one of at least two metering devices (10) is metered, - Material for forming the component by means of at least one other of the at least two metering devices (10) is variably metered, and Material is output by means of at least one downstream of the at least two metering devices (10) arranged output device (30) to produce the component and provided with at least one continuous or approximated continuous property change in at least one spatial direction. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein material dosed from one of the at least two metering devices (10) and material variably metered from the other of the at least two metering devices (10) are mixed together, and preferably a mixing ratio is formed, wherein the property change is achieved by varying the mixing ratio. 21. The method according to claim 19 or 20 ,. wherein material dosed from one of the at least two metering devices (10) and material variably metered from the other of the at least two metering devices (10) are mixed together by at least one mixing device (40.1; 40.2) upstream the at least one output device (30) or in the at least one output device (30) is arranged. 22. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 21, wherein at least a first output device (30) material, which was metered by the one of the at least two metering devices (10), by means of a spray jet (ST1) outputs, and a second output device (30) Material that has been variably metered from the other of the at least two Dosiereinrichtüngen (10), by means of a spray jet (ST2) outputs, and the output from the first output device (30) Mix material and material dispensed from the second dispenser (30) by overlapping the sprays (ST1, ST2). 23. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 22, wherein at least one of the at least two metering devices (10) Ma material continuously or approximated continuously dosed. 24. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 23, wherein the at least one output device (30) is a spraying device which sprays material, in particular in order to achieve a flat material application. 25. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 23, wherein the at least one output device (30) is an insertion strip, the material pours, in particular, to achieve a linear material application. 26. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 23, wherein the at least one output device (30) is a printhead or a nozzle, the material or dropwise or continuously outputs, in particular to achieve a pointwise or discrete material application. 27. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 26, wherein the at least one output device (30) by means of a preferably automated movement means (50) is moved. 28. Method according to claim 19, wherein at least one component-specific, component-influencing and / or device-specific state parameter is detected by means of at least one first detection device (60), wherein preferably the at least one detection device (60) together with the at least one output device (30 ) or is stationary. 29. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 28, wherein at least one material flow-specific state parameter, which is present within the device for producing the component, is detected by means of at least one second detection device. 30. The method according to any one of claims 19 to 29, wherein a control device (70) controls at least one control section or the dosing of at least one of the at least two metering devices (10), preferably in real time. 31. Method according to claim 30, wherein the control device (70) controls the at least one control section as a function of the at least one state parameter detected by the first and / or second detection device (60). 32. The method according to any one of claims 30 or 31, wherein the control device (70) controls the at least one control section in dependence on a computer-generated model of the component to be produced. 33. The method of claim 30, wherein the at least one control section comprises at least one of the following:  one of the at least two metering devices (10), the other of the at least two metering devices (10), in particular in order to control the variable metering, the at least one output device (30), a plurality of output devices (30) which are individually or collectively different ^'is controllable,  the at least one mixing device, the movement device (50), at least one of at least two conveyors (80) for conveying the materials. 34. Component, produced by means of a method according to one of claims 19 to 33.