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WO2012158089A1 - Acier à roulement amélioré - Google Patents

Acier à roulement amélioré Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012158089A1
WO2012158089A1 PCT/SE2012/000075 SE2012000075W WO2012158089A1 WO 2012158089 A1 WO2012158089 A1 WO 2012158089A1 SE 2012000075 W SE2012000075 W SE 2012000075W WO 2012158089 A1 WO2012158089 A1 WO 2012158089A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
percent
weight
bearing steel
bearing
amount
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/SE2012/000075
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Thore Lund
Karin RYDÉN
Ingemar Strandell
Joakim HALLBERG
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SKF AB
Original Assignee
SKF AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SKF AB filed Critical SKF AB
Priority to US14/118,540 priority Critical patent/US20150078957A1/en
Priority to CN201280024073.3A priority patent/CN103547696A/zh
Priority to JP2014511319A priority patent/JP2014517151A/ja
Priority to EP12785875.1A priority patent/EP2710165A4/fr
Publication of WO2012158089A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012158089A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/20—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/008—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/62—Selection of substances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • F16C2204/64—Medium carbon steel, i.e. carbon content from 0.4 to 0,8 wt%
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • F16C2204/66—High carbon steel, i.e. carbon content above 0.8 wt%, e.g. through-hardenable steel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
    • F16C2240/40—Linear dimensions, e.g. length, radius, thickness, gap
    • F16C2240/60—Thickness, e.g. thickness of coatings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a bearing steel.
  • the present invention further relates to bearings made from bearing steel.
  • Bearings such as roller bearings and ball bearings, are subjected to high loads during use.
  • bearings should have high fatigue strength and in addition high hardness.
  • One purpose of the present invention is to provide bearing steel with improved fatigue strength. It is also a purpose of the present invention to provide bearings produced from the bearing steel according to the present invention. According to a first aspect of the present invention the purpose is
  • a bearing steel comprising at least 0.6 percent by weight of carbon, 0.007 percent by weight or less of phosphorous, and optionally other alloying element(s), the balance being iron. It is understood that the balance may, in addition to iron, consist of impurities. Such impurities may be impurities and trace elements normally being present in iron or steel.
  • the bearing steel may comprise at least 0.6 percent by weight of carbon, 0.007 percent by weight or less of phosphorous, and optionally other alloying element(s); the balance being iron, or iron and impurities.
  • Impurities may be present at levels of 0.5 percent by weight or below, preferably of 0.425 percent by weight or below.
  • Typical impurities may for example be Cu, As, Sn, Sb, Pb, Ti or O, or combinations thereof.
  • Low levels of impurities such as Ti and O result in a low degree of hard non-metallic inclusions, which in combination with low levels of other elements with tendencies to accumulate in austenite grain boundaries result in the bearing steel having high fatigue strength. Particularly, the low amount of
  • the iron may be essentially pure iron, essentially without impurities.
  • the amount of carbon according to the present invention lends the steel a high hardness suitable for steels used for bearings.
  • the amount of phosphorous according to the present invention results in a bearing steel with high fatigue strength.
  • the bearing steel may have an amount of phosphorous being below 0.007 percent by weight, preferably in the range of 0.003 to 0.007 percent by weight, such as 0.004 to 0.006 percent by weight. Steel with such amounts of phosphorous may efficiently be produced at steelworks and have high fatigue strength. Phosphorous levels below 0.003 percent by weight may be difficult and costly to produce, and levels above 0.007 percent by weight does not result in the desired high fatigue strengths.
  • the amount of carbon in the bearing steel may be 0.6 to 1.5 percent by weight, such as 0.7 to 1.3 percent by weight, or 0.7 to 1.1 percent by weight.
  • the amount of carbon is 0.7 to 1.2 percent by weight, more preferably 0.8 to 1.1 percent by weight.
  • the amount may be 0.9 to .0 percent by weight.
  • Such amounts of carbon lends the bearing steel suitable properties, such as high hardness. Even at such high levels of carbon as for example 0.9 to 1.1 percent by weight, the bearing steels have high fatigue strengths when combined with phosphorous levels at 0.007 percent by weight or below.
  • the bearing steel may be regarded as being a high carbon steel or ultra high carbon steel.
  • the bearing steel may further comprise sulphur, S, in an amount of 0.02 percent by weight or below.
  • the amount of sulphur may be 0.0001 to 0.02 percent by weight, such as 0.0001 to 0.016 percent by weight, or 0.0001 to 0.011 percent by weight.
  • the amount of sulphur is 0.0001 to 0.002 percent by weight, such as 0.0001 to 0.001 percent by weight, for example 0.0001 to 0.0002 percent by weight.
  • Such low amounts of sulphur results in the bearing steel having high fatigue strength.
  • the amount of sulphur may be 0.002 to 0.02 percent by weight, such as 0.002 to 0.013 percent by weight, for example 0.003 to 0.012 percent by weight, 0.005 to 0.012 percent by weight, or 0.007 to 0.011 percent by weight.
  • the bearing steel have high fatigue strength.
  • the bearing steel may have a combined amount of sulphur and phosphorous of 0.02 percent by weight or less. Such a combined amount of sulphur and phosphorous may results in a bearing steel with high fatigue strength.
  • the bearing steel may further comprise aluminium in an amount of 0.01 percent by weight or above, as alloying element.
  • the amount of aluminium may be 0.015 percent by weight or above, or more preferably 0.02 percent by weight or above.
  • the maximum amount of aluminium may be 0.05 percent by weight.
  • the amount of aluminium in the bearing steel may be 0.015 to 0.05 percent by weight.
  • the bearing steel may further comprise molybdenum, Mo, in an amount of 0.1 to 0.7 percent by weight, preferably 0.3 to 0.7 percent by weight, and most preferably above 0.5 and up to 0.7 percent by weight, such as 0.51 and up to 0.6 percent by weight.
  • Mo molybdenum
  • Such levels of Mo may result in hard bearing steels with high fatigue strength. Further such amounts of Mo may be efficient for production of bearing steels with a bainitic structure.
  • the bearing steels may have a bainitic structure or be bainite hardened. It is understood that such a bearing steel also may comprise other structures than the bainitic structure. Preferably more than 50 percent of such a bearing steel has a bainitic structure, such as 50 to 90 percent of the bearing steel.
  • a bainitic structure results in improved mechanical properties, with high toughness and high crack propagation resistance.
  • a bainitic structure is beneficial for bearing steels and bearings due to the high loads such steels and bearings carries during normal and typical use.
  • Bainite hardening of the bearing steel may be obtained according to the following method: Subjecting a steel to austenitization and quenching;
  • T1 initial temperature above the initial martensite formation temperature (Ms); lowering T1 to a temperature below Ms but above the actual martensite formation temperature during the bainite transformation.
  • the method for bainite hardening results in that a bainitic structure of the bearing steel may be obtained efficiently with short bainite hardening times and high hardness of the bearing steel.
  • the hardness of the bearing steel may be above 59 HRC, for example 59 to 62 HRC, or above 62 HRC.
  • the bearing steel or bearing may have a substantially bainitic structure and a hardness of at least 62 HRC.
  • the bearing steel may also have a martensitic structure or be martensite hardened, still with high fatigue strength.
  • the bearing steel with an amount of Mo of 0.1 to 0.7 percent by weight may be suitable for bearings with a material thickness from above 0 up to 50 mm.
  • the bearing steel may have an amount o Mo of 0.1 to 0.5 percent by weight, which amount of Mo may be suitable for bearings with a material thickness from above 0 up to 150 mm, such as 15 to 100 mm, for example 15 to 45 mm.
  • the bearing steels with an amount of Mo of 0.5 to 0.7 percent by weight may be particularly suitable for bearings with a material thickness of 45 mm or above, such as a material thickness from 45 to 150 mm, or from 45 to 80 mm.
  • Such bearings may, for example, be roller bearings with a wall thickness from 45 to 80 mm.
  • Bearing steels used for bearings with material thickness below 15 mm may have an amount of Mo of below 0.35 percent by weight, or from above 0 to 0.35 percent by weight.
  • Such bearing steels may have a bainitic structure.
  • the bearing steels comprising Mo in an amount of 0.1 to 0.7 percent by weight may have a bainitic structure.
  • the bearing steel may comprise chromium, Cr, in an amount of 1.0 to 3.0 percent by weight, such 1.3 to 2.0 percent by weight.
  • An amount of Cr of 1.0 to 1.5 percent by weight may be particularly suitable for bearings with a material thickness from above 0 and up to 45 mm, such as from 15 to 45 mm.
  • a Cr content of 1.5 to 3.0 percent by weight, such as 1.5 to 2.0 percent by weight, may be particularly suitable for bearings with a material thickness from 45 mm and above, such as from 45 to 80 mm, or 45 to 150 mm.
  • the bearing steels comprising Cr in an amount of 1.0 to 3.0 percent by weight may be suitable for a bainitic structure.
  • the optional other alloying element(s) may be selected from the group comprising Si, Mn, S, Cr, Ni, Mo, V, and Al, or combinations thereof.
  • Such optional other alloying elements may be suitable for giving the steel suitable properties.
  • suitable levels of said optional other alloying elements may be in the ranges of:
  • S Sulphur
  • S 0-0,02, for example 0.0001-0.02, percent by weight.
  • Aluminium (Al) 0.01-0.050 percent by weight. Such levels of alloying elements may result in low degree of hard non-metallic inclusions and in a bearing steel with high fatigue strength
  • a bearing comprising or consisting of bearing steel comprising at least 0.6 percent by weight of carbon, 0.007 percent by weight or less of phosphorous, and optionally other alloying element(s); the balance being iron, or iron and impurities. It may be preferred that the bearing consists of or essentially consists of at least 0.6 percent by weight of carbon, 0.007 percent by weight or less of phosphorous, and optionally other alloying element(s).
  • bearings may be provided with the properties of the bearing steel as discussed above.
  • bearings may be provided having high fatigue strength.
  • the bearings may be selected from the group comprising ball bearings and roller bearings; wherein the ball bearings may be selected from the group comprising deep groove ball bearings, angular contact ball bearings, thrust ball bearings, angular contact thrust ball bearings and self-aligning ball bearings, or combinations thereof; and wherein the roller bearings may be selected from the group comprising cylindrical roller bearings, spherical roller bearings, cylindrical roller thrust bearings, needle roller bearings, toroidal roller bearings, CARB® toroidal roller bearings, combined needle roller bearings, tapered roller bearings, tapered roller thrust bearings, needle roller thrust bearings, spherical roller thrust bearings, combined cylindrical roller/taper roller bearings, track runner bearings, and indexing roller units, or combinations thereof. At least one component of the bearing, such as a rolling element or a bearing ring of the bearing may comprise the bearing steel according to the invention.
  • the bearings may be a combination of ball bearings and roller bearings selected from the groups above.
  • the bearing may have a material thickness of above 0 and up to 150 mm, such as above 0 and up to 80 mm.
  • the bearing may have a material thickness of above 0 and up to 45 mm, such as 15 to 45 mm, or the bearing may have a material thickness of 45 mm or above, such as 45 to 80 mm, or 45 to 150 mm.
  • samples A and B differs in that the amount of phosphorous is considerably lower in samples B compared to samples A; samples A have a phosphorous content being 2.8 times higher than that of samples B. It can also be noted from table 1 that the sulphur content in samples B is 2.5 times higher than the sulphur content of samples A. Further, the amount of Al in sample B is 17% higher than in comparative sample A. The contents of the other elements are identical or similar when samples A and B are compared. Rotating beam fatigue tests and stair case tests:
  • the bearing steel may comprise 0.9 to 1.1 percent by weight of carbon, 0.004-0.007 percent by weight of phosphorous, 0.5 to 0.7 percent by weight of molybdenum, and optionally other alloying element(s); the balance being iron, or iron and impurities.
  • Such a bearing steel results in high fatigue strength.
  • the bearing steel may comprise 0.9 to 1.1 percent by weight of carbon, 0.004-0.007 percent by weight of phosphorous, 0.5 to 0.7 percent by weight of molybdenum, 0.002 to 0.016 percent by weight of S, and optionally other alloying element(s); the balance being iron, or iron and impurities.
  • Such a bearing steel results in high fatigue strength.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un acier à roulement contenant au moins 0,6 pour cent en poids de carbone, une quantité de phosphore inférieure ou égale à 0,007 pour cent en poids et éventuellement un ou plusieurs autres éléments d'alliage ; le reste étant constitué de fer, ou de fer et d'impuretés. La présente invention concerne également un roulement composé de l'acier à roulement.
PCT/SE2012/000075 2011-05-17 2012-05-16 Acier à roulement amélioré Ceased WO2012158089A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14/118,540 US20150078957A1 (en) 2011-05-17 2012-05-16 Bearing steel
CN201280024073.3A CN103547696A (zh) 2011-05-17 2012-05-16 改进型轴承钢
JP2014511319A JP2014517151A (ja) 2011-05-17 2012-05-16 改善された軸受鋼
EP12785875.1A EP2710165A4 (fr) 2011-05-17 2012-05-16 Acier à roulement amélioré

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE1100373-8 2011-05-17
SE1100373 2011-05-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012158089A1 true WO2012158089A1 (fr) 2012-11-22

Family

ID=47177183

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE2012/000075 Ceased WO2012158089A1 (fr) 2011-05-17 2012-05-16 Acier à roulement amélioré

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20150078957A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2710165A4 (fr)
JP (1) JP2014517151A (fr)
CN (2) CN103547696A (fr)
WO (1) WO2012158089A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016083335A1 (fr) * 2014-11-27 2016-06-02 Aktiebolaget Skf Composant de palier fait d'un alliage d'acier
CN108315640A (zh) * 2017-01-16 2018-07-24 斯凯孚公司 近共析轴承钢

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JPWO2017082421A1 (ja) * 2015-11-13 2018-08-30 日本精工株式会社 多列玉軸受
CN106636942A (zh) * 2016-11-09 2017-05-10 芜湖市永帆精密模具科技有限公司 一种抗滚动疲劳轴承钢球及其制备方法
CN106834955A (zh) * 2016-11-09 2017-06-13 芜湖市永帆精密模具科技有限公司 一种高强度轴承钢球及其制备方法
CN106834956A (zh) * 2016-11-09 2017-06-13 芜湖市永帆精密模具科技有限公司 一种耐磨轴承钢球及其制备方法
CN107012405A (zh) * 2017-03-27 2017-08-04 芜湖市永帆精密模具科技有限公司 一种高硬度低碳轴承钢球
CN107099755A (zh) * 2017-03-27 2017-08-29 芜湖市永帆精密模具科技有限公司 一种耐腐蚀抗疲劳轴承钢球
CN114058962A (zh) * 2021-11-26 2022-02-18 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院股份有限公司 高碳工业超纯铁及其制备方法

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JP2014517151A (ja) 2014-07-17
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CN107760986A (zh) 2018-03-06
US20150078957A1 (en) 2015-03-19
CN103547696A (zh) 2014-01-29

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