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WO2012156980A1 - Procédé pour la détermination de la composition lubrifiante dans un système de réfrigération par compression de vapeur pour augmenter le coefficient de performance - Google Patents

Procédé pour la détermination de la composition lubrifiante dans un système de réfrigération par compression de vapeur pour augmenter le coefficient de performance Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012156980A1
WO2012156980A1 PCT/IN2011/000514 IN2011000514W WO2012156980A1 WO 2012156980 A1 WO2012156980 A1 WO 2012156980A1 IN 2011000514 W IN2011000514 W IN 2011000514W WO 2012156980 A1 WO2012156980 A1 WO 2012156980A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mineral oil
nanoparticles
volume fraction
efficient
refrigeration system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IN2011/000514
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Sabareesh R. KRISHNA
Das SUMITESH
N Gobinath
V. Sajith
Thomas SHIJO
C.B. Sobhan
T. Hanas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tata Steel Ltd
National Institute of Technology India
Original Assignee
Tata Steel Ltd
National Institute of Technology India
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tata Steel Ltd, National Institute of Technology India filed Critical Tata Steel Ltd
Priority to BR112012027927-0A priority Critical patent/BR112012027927B1/pt
Priority to MX2012010582A priority patent/MX344162B/es
Publication of WO2012156980A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012156980A1/fr
Priority to ZA2012/08923A priority patent/ZA201208923B/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
    • C10M125/10—Metal oxides, hydroxides, carbonates or bicarbonates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M177/00—Special methods of preparation of lubricating compositions; Chemical modification by after-treatment of components or of the whole of a lubricating composition, not covered by other classes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
    • C10M2201/062—Oxides; Hydroxides; Carbonates or bicarbonates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants

Definitions

  • TITLE A PROCESS FOR DETERMINING LUBRICANT COMPOSITION IN A VAPOR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM TO ENHANCE THE CO-EFFICIEINT OF PERFORMANCE
  • the present invention relates to a process of improving the Coefficient of Performance of a Vapor Compression Refrigeration system by dispersing a very low volume fraction of T1O2 nano particles into the mineral oil used for lubricating the system.
  • VCR Vapor Compression Refrigeration
  • COP Coefficient of Performance
  • Another object of the invention is to propose a device for comparing percentage enhancement of COP of a vapor compression refrigeration system operable with a wide range of refrigerants and a mineral oil as the lubricant, in which low volume fraction of " ⁇ 2 nanoparticles can be dispersed in the lubricant to form a stable homogeneous solution and enhance COP without the addition of any external surfactant.
  • a further object of the invention is to propose a process to enhance the performance of the refrigeration system by achieving percentage enhancement of COP for the proposed volume fraction of nanoparticles added to the lubricant.
  • a device to compare the COP of a vapor compression refrigeration system with and without nanoparticles in the mineral oil comprising : a compressor, a condenser, a capillary tube, an evaporator cabin; an energy meter, at least four pressure gauges and T-type thermocouples to measure the properties of refrigerant at various stages of the system.
  • the wide range of refrigerants usable in the system are all compatible with the mineral oil used as the lubricating oil of the vapor compression refrigeration system.
  • Standard tests are conducted to identify the optimum concentration of nanoparticles added to the mineral oil to meet the object of the invention. Viscosity changes of the nanoparticles added mineral oil are examined, using a Redwood viscometer; the lubrication characteristics of the mineral oil is studied, by a friction tester; optical measurements using a Speckle Interferometer have been conducted to ' study characteristics following the friction test.
  • the COP enhancement for the proposed volume fraction of nanoparticles in the mineral oil is calculated using the standard convention; hence, a method is found to reduce the energy consumption of a vapor compression refrigerator for a wide range of refrigerants, by adding the judiciously correct amount of nanoparticles in the mineral oil.
  • Figure 1 represents the SEM image of T1O 2 nanoparticles used in the invention.
  • Figure 4 represents the time-dependent variation of friction forces between pin and disk, calculated using the pin-on disk tester for pure mineral oil and nanofluids with a range of volume fractions of nanoparticles; used as lubricant.
  • Figure 5 shows the photograph of raw mineral oil and nano particle added mineral oil.
  • Figure 6 represents schematic layout of a known Speckle Interferometer.
  • Figure 7 represents the friction surfaces of the test pin captured using the Speckle Interferometer.
  • Figure 8 represents the schematic layout of a vapor compression refrigerator for COP comparison.
  • Figure 9 represents the enhancement of COP obtained using different volume fractions of mineral oil.
  • Table 1 shows experimental parameters for evaluating friction characteristics of the pin tested in the pin-on disk tester.
  • Table 2 shows the Optical Roughness Index values of the pin surface obtained using the Speckle Interferometer.
  • Figure 1 shows the SEM image of ⁇ 2 nanoparticles, used in the invention.
  • the average size of the particles is 40 nm.
  • These nanoparticles are used to prepare the nanofluid by a two step method using a standard Ultrasonic agitator by sonicating the nanoparticles-mineral oil mixture for 300 minutes to prevent agglomeration of nanoparticles. The sonication is done for various combinations of the nanoparticles-mineral oil mixture by maintaining the mineral oil as the base fluid and varying the volume fraction of the added nanoparticles. No surfactant is added, as it would lead to the deterioration of the performance of the vapor compression refrigeration system by formation of froth inside the equipment.
  • Nanofluids with Various volume fractions of nanoparticles are prepared and the variation of viscosity corresponding to temperature is recorded.
  • Figure 2 shows the change in the viscosity of the pure mineral oil, when added with various volume fractions of nanoparticles in it.
  • the kinematic viscosities of the mineral oil as well as the nanofluid are calculated using a Redwood viscometer.
  • the test oil In the Redwood viscometer the test oil is filled up to a marked standard head in the viscometer and allowed to fall freely. The oil is collected in a beaker and the time taken to fill the quantity is the factor to estimate the kinematic viscosity of the test oil. From the tribological characteristics of the bearings of the system, it is known that in a boundary lubrication system, optimum viscosity increase results in a notable reduction in power consumption.
  • Figure 3 shows the schematic of the pin and the disk located in the pin-on disk tester calibrated in accordance with ASTM G99 standards; which mimics the real piston cylinder arrangement in the hermitically sealed compressor used in the vapor compressor refrigerator.
  • Table 1 shows the experimental parameters considered for the friction test with a view of reproducing the real boundary lubrication system.
  • a polished aluminum pin is held against a rotating steel disk under the application of the load for a predetermined time to run for a standard distance.
  • the friction force developed between the pin and the rotating disk obtained directly from the digital meter of the pin-on disk tester, is used to estimate the friction coefficient; which is the decisive factor to identify the optimum volume fraction of nanoparticles.
  • the friction test of the pin surface reveals the lubrication characteristics of pure mineral oil and the nanofluids. This friction test helps to shortlist the range of volume fractions of nanoparticles from among a wide series of nanofluids which can give a minimum friction coefficient, when used as lubricant for the compressor in the Vapor compression refrigeration system.
  • Figure 4 shows that the average friction force comes down drastically for a specific range of volume fractions of nanoparticles (0.008- 0.012% VF) compared to a wide range of nanoparticles-mineral oil combinations and these volume fractions of nanoparticles are furthermore checked for their stability in the mineral oil.
  • Figure 5 shows the photograph of the raw refrigerant mineral oil and mineral oil containing 0.008-0.012% VF of " ⁇ 2 nano particles.
  • the nano mineral oil is stable even after 800 hours of its preparation.
  • DLS Dynamic Light Scattering System
  • FIG 6 shows the schematic view of a speckle interferometer.
  • the speckle interferometer uses a Helium-Neon laser beam of 2 mm beam diameter to have an in-depth view of the friction (pin) surfaces on which friction tests are conducted.
  • the laser beam is focused through a biconvex lens to the work piece kept in the work holding stand.
  • the laser beam which hits the friction surface of the pin reflects back at an angle in the same plane, depending on the orientation of the pin surface.
  • the reflected laser beam is captured by a CCD camera at a speed of 5 frames per second to generate the image of the pin surface clearly.
  • the generated image is then used to obtain the Optical Roughness Index (ORI) value using a MATLAB code; which tells the relative surface roughness of the pin surface.
  • ORI Optical Roughness Index
  • FIG 8 shows the schematic layout of the vapor compression refrigeration system to measure the Coefficient of Performance.
  • the system comprises a hermetically sealed compressor, a condenser, a capillary tube and an evaporator cabin for cooling of water.
  • T-type (copper-constantan) thermocouples calibrated to a range ⁇ 0.5°C, and at least four pressure gauges in the range of 0-300 psi each are used to find the state of the refrigerant at each phase within the circuit.
  • the power consumption of the compressor was measured using a digital energy meter.
  • Figure 9 represents the COP enhancement obtained by using nanoparticle-added mineral oil in the Vapor Compression Refrigeration system. It is found that the percentage enhancement is maximum, when mineral oil containing 0.008-0.012% volume fraction fraction of T1O2 nano particles (Set II) is used.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour la détermination de la composition lubrifiante dans un système de réfrigération par compression de vapeur pour augmenter le coefficient de performance, le système comprenant un compresseur hermétiquement scellé, un condenseur, un tube capillaire incluant une cabine d'évaporateur pour refroidir de l'eau, une pluralité de thermocouples, au moins quatre manomètres, et un compteur numérique d'énergie, le système étant capable de fonctionner avec différentes variétés de réfrigérants et une huile minérale comme lubrifiant, le procédé comprenant les étapes de préparation d'un échantillon de nano-fluide dans un agitateur ultrasonique par dispersion de nanoparticules de TiO2 ayant une taille moyenne des particules de 40 nm dans une huile minérale; de préparation d'une pluralité de fractions de volume de nano-fluide en variant la fraction de volume des nanoparticules et en maintenant constant le volume de l'huile minérale comme fluide de base; de détermination de la viscosité cinématique du fluide de base et des nanoparticules dans un viscosimètre incluant la variation de la viscosité cinématique des différentes fractions de volume des échantillons de nanofluide; d'identification d'une fraction de volume optimum du mélange des nanoparticules et de l'huile minérale sur base d'une valeur minimum du coefficient de frottement dans un testeur de broche sur disque ayant un compteur numérique; et de validation de la fraction de volume optimum identifiée du nanofluide capable d'augmenter le coefficient de performance du système de réfrigération quand il est utilisé comme lubrifiant, la validation étant effectuée dans un interféromètre à taches qui détermine la valeur de l'indice de rugosité optique (ORI) représentant l'effet de la fraction de volume des nanoparticules dans l'huile minérale.
PCT/IN2011/000514 2011-05-18 2011-08-05 Procédé pour la détermination de la composition lubrifiante dans un système de réfrigération par compression de vapeur pour augmenter le coefficient de performance Ceased WO2012156980A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BR112012027927-0A BR112012027927B1 (pt) 2011-05-18 2011-08-05 Processo para determinar composição lubrificante em um sistema de refrigeração por compressão de vapor.
MX2012010582A MX344162B (es) 2011-05-18 2011-08-05 Un proceso para determinar una composicion de lubricante en un sistema de refrigeracion por compresion de vapor para aumentar el coeficiente de desempeño.
ZA2012/08923A ZA201208923B (en) 2011-05-18 2012-11-27 A process for determining lubricant composition in a vapor compression refrigeration system to enhance the co-efficient of performance

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IN683KO2011 2011-05-18
IN683/KOL/2011 2011-05-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012156980A1 true WO2012156980A1 (fr) 2012-11-22

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PCT/IN2011/000514 Ceased WO2012156980A1 (fr) 2011-05-18 2011-08-05 Procédé pour la détermination de la composition lubrifiante dans un système de réfrigération par compression de vapeur pour augmenter le coefficient de performance

Country Status (4)

Country Link
BR (1) BR112012027927B1 (fr)
MX (1) MX344162B (fr)
WO (1) WO2012156980A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA201208923B (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103386612A (zh) * 2013-08-06 2013-11-13 宝鸡力兴钛业科技有限公司 一种高精度钛毛细管件的加工方法及用于该方法的磨管组件
WO2016183375A1 (fr) * 2015-05-14 2016-11-17 Concentric Meter Corporation Dispositif de mesure de traitement de fluide à mode radial
US9752911B2 (en) 2014-12-29 2017-09-05 Concentric Meter Corporation Fluid parameter sensor and meter
US10107784B2 (en) 2014-12-29 2018-10-23 Concentric Meter Corporation Electromagnetic transducer
US10126266B2 (en) 2014-12-29 2018-11-13 Concentric Meter Corporation Fluid parameter sensor and meter

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB416513A (en) * 1933-03-17 1934-09-17 James Craik Improved method of increasing the viscosity of mineral oils
US5407601A (en) * 1990-10-26 1995-04-18 Center For Innovative Technology Compositions for reducing wear on ceramic surfaces
KR20050089412A (ko) 2004-03-05 2005-09-08 엘지전자 주식회사 압축기의 냉동기유
US20060027484A1 (en) * 2004-08-05 2006-02-09 Leck Thomas J Fine particle dispersion compositions and uses thereof
WO2007018323A1 (fr) 2005-08-09 2007-02-15 Lg Electronics, Inc. Huile de machine frigorigène pour compresseur
KR20090132146A (ko) 2008-06-20 2009-12-30 엘지전자 주식회사 압축기용 윤활유
EP2311926A1 (fr) * 2009-10-09 2011-04-20 Rhein Chemie Rheinau GmbH Additif pour lubrifiant destiné à l'amélioration des propriétés tribologiques, son procédé de fabrication et d'utilisation

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB416513A (en) * 1933-03-17 1934-09-17 James Craik Improved method of increasing the viscosity of mineral oils
US5407601A (en) * 1990-10-26 1995-04-18 Center For Innovative Technology Compositions for reducing wear on ceramic surfaces
KR20050089412A (ko) 2004-03-05 2005-09-08 엘지전자 주식회사 압축기의 냉동기유
US20060027484A1 (en) * 2004-08-05 2006-02-09 Leck Thomas J Fine particle dispersion compositions and uses thereof
WO2007018323A1 (fr) 2005-08-09 2007-02-15 Lg Electronics, Inc. Huile de machine frigorigène pour compresseur
US20080265203A1 (en) * 2005-08-09 2008-10-30 Lg Electronics, Inc. Refrigerating Machine Oil of a Compressor
KR20090132146A (ko) 2008-06-20 2009-12-30 엘지전자 주식회사 압축기용 윤활유
EP2311926A1 (fr) * 2009-10-09 2011-04-20 Rhein Chemie Rheinau GmbH Additif pour lubrifiant destiné à l'amélioration des propriétés tribologiques, son procédé de fabrication et d'utilisation

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"VISCOMETRY-MEASUREMENT OF KINEMATIC VISCOSITY BY MEANS OF THE UBBELOHDE VISCOMETER-PART 1:VISCOMETER SPECIFICATION AND MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE", DEUTSCHE NORMEN. DIN NORM,, vol. 51562-1, 1 January 1999 (1999-01-01), pages 1 - 9, XP009080667 *
RASTOGI ET AL: "A two-aperture dual source speckle interferometer for the measurement of the angular variations of a three-dimensional surface", OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY, ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS BV., AMSTERDAM, NL, vol. 26, no. 3, 1 June 1994 (1994-06-01), pages 195 - 197, XP024585731, ISSN: 0030-3992, [retrieved on 19940601], DOI: 10.1016/0030-3992(94)90043-4 *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103386612A (zh) * 2013-08-06 2013-11-13 宝鸡力兴钛业科技有限公司 一种高精度钛毛细管件的加工方法及用于该方法的磨管组件
CN103386612B (zh) * 2013-08-06 2015-11-25 宝鸡力兴钛业科技有限公司 一种高精度钛毛细管件的加工方法及用于该方法的磨管组件
US9752911B2 (en) 2014-12-29 2017-09-05 Concentric Meter Corporation Fluid parameter sensor and meter
US10107784B2 (en) 2014-12-29 2018-10-23 Concentric Meter Corporation Electromagnetic transducer
US10126266B2 (en) 2014-12-29 2018-11-13 Concentric Meter Corporation Fluid parameter sensor and meter
WO2016183375A1 (fr) * 2015-05-14 2016-11-17 Concentric Meter Corporation Dispositif de mesure de traitement de fluide à mode radial

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR112012027927B1 (pt) 2019-02-26
MX344162B (es) 2016-12-07
ZA201208923B (en) 2014-03-26
MX2012010582A (es) 2013-03-07
BR112012027927A2 (pt) 2017-07-25

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