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WO2012146367A2 - Dispositif et procédé de contrôle d'une batterie rechargeable - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de contrôle d'une batterie rechargeable Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012146367A2
WO2012146367A2 PCT/EP2012/001748 EP2012001748W WO2012146367A2 WO 2012146367 A2 WO2012146367 A2 WO 2012146367A2 EP 2012001748 W EP2012001748 W EP 2012001748W WO 2012146367 A2 WO2012146367 A2 WO 2012146367A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
power loss
current
component
contact
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2012/001748
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2012146367A3 (fr
Inventor
Helmut Gruber
Stephan WOLFRAM
Michael Roscher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThyssenKrupp System Engineering GmbH
Original Assignee
ThyssenKrupp System Engineering GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ThyssenKrupp System Engineering GmbH filed Critical ThyssenKrupp System Engineering GmbH
Publication of WO2012146367A2 publication Critical patent/WO2012146367A2/fr
Publication of WO2012146367A3 publication Critical patent/WO2012146367A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention is based on a device for testing a rechargeable battery, which has connection means for the electrically conductive connection of the device to a first and a second contact of the battery, wherein the device is designed such that the battery by means of the connection means a current course between the first and the second contact can be imprinted.
  • batteries are determined by the geometry and internal structure of the battery.
  • batteries such as lithium-ion batteries
  • other components such as Ableitfolien that are coated with the active material, tabs and / or and welding contacts on which affect the performance of the batteries.
  • the metallic Abieiter within the batteries for the performance of relevant, since these Abieitern ohmic losses occur when charging or discharging the battery.
  • Ableitkomponenten of materials with low current carrying capacity or high electrical resistance due to Joulscher heat comparatively high electrical losses are generated by the partially highly punctual heating of the battery.
  • calorimetric measurement methods and thermal conduction measurements are currently used to detect the thermal properties of batteries, in particular with regard to heat capacities and anisotropies.
  • heat is introduced into the batteries from outside.
  • the object of the present invention is to make available a device and a method for testing a rechargeable battery, in which heat is generated in the interior of the battery for test purposes, without having to carry out a heat input from outside into the battery ,
  • a device for testing a rechargeable battery having connection means for electrically conductive connection of the device to a first and a second contact of the battery, wherein the device is designed such that the battery by means of the connection means Current flow between the first and the second contact can be imprinted and wherein the device is configured such that the current profile between the first and the second contact has a predetermined alternating current component for generating a defined power loss in the battery.
  • the device according to the invention has the advantage over the prior art that heat is generated in the interior of the battery by generating a power loss occurring in the battery itself. In this way, a simulation of the battery in the actual load condition and thus under real conditions is possible. An entry of the heat to be measured from the outside is advantageously not required for this purpose.
  • the use of an alternating current component also has the advantage that a power loss is generated in the battery, without having to discharge the battery inevitably in their total charge state.
  • the alternating current component is selected or regulated such that the charge state of the battery remains substantially constant.
  • an external temperature measuring device for example a liquid thermometer, an electric thermometer, a thermal imaging camera or a Raman thermometer
  • an internal temperature measuring device integrated into the battery for example a resistor Thermometer, a thermocouple thermometer or the like
  • the device according to the invention and the corresponding method according to the invention for testing a battery can be used to check a new, still developing battery design.
  • series batteries before their delivery to the customer or be tested systematically before installation for example in a large battery cluster, in a vehicle or the like.
  • the device has a control unit which is provided for controlling the amplitudes of the alternating current component such that a defined nominal power loss results in the battery.
  • the power dissipated in the battery is proportional to the difference between the energy supplied to the battery during charging (during the positive current half-cycle) minus the energy extracted during discharging (during the negative half-wave).
  • limit values for the load test can be set in a simple manner for a particular battery type, such as that the temperature X, in particular in certain areas within the battery, the battery type Y at a maximum power loss Z in the battery is not a certain limit W. may exceed.
  • the device has a monitoring unit for determining the actual power loss in the battery, wherein the monitoring unit preferably comprises a multiplier and an integration element.
  • the meaningfulness of the test results is increased by the fact that the actual actual power loss occurring in the battery is constantly or at least temporarily determined by means of the monitoring unit.
  • This actual power loss is preferably determined by multiplying by means of the multiplier the current profile between the first and the second contact with the voltage applied between the first and the second contact (the product corresponds to the apparent power) and then by means of the integrator the integral thereof Product is formed over a certain number of periods. Subsequently, the integral is divided over the duration of the number of periods, so that the actual power loss is determined as average power loss in this period.
  • the device has a comparator for comparing the actual power loss with the desired power loss, and wherein the device is a control unit for the control having the amplitude of the alternating current component as a function of a comparison between the actual power loss and the desired power loss.
  • the actual power loss actually incurred in the battery is constantly or at least temporarily compared with the nominal power loss.
  • the impressed current profile and in particular the amplitude of the impressed current curve are readjusted as a function of this comparison.
  • the test device according to the invention thus has a feedback control for precise adjustment of the power loss incurred in the battery, so that even with different batteries to be tested always the individually adjusted setting of the desired power loss is possible.
  • a further object or a further preferred embodiment of the present invention is a device for testing a rechargeable battery, wherein the device has connection means for the electrically conductive connection of the device to a first and a second contact of the battery, wherein the device is designed such in that the battery can be impressed with a current path between the first and the second contact by means of the connection means, and wherein the device is configured such that the current profile between the first and the second contact comprises an alternating current component with a predetermined frequency for generating a power loss in a specific one Has area of the battery.
  • the power loss in different areas of the battery is generated by a variation of the frequency of the alternating current component.
  • a successive variation of the frequency thus preferably allows a successive testing of individual areas of the battery for load capacity and heat generation.
  • the effective power loss depends mainly on the amplitude of the alternating current component and less on the frequency, so that the frequency tuning in different areas of the battery always produces a certain preselected power loss and in particular a constant one Power loss can be generated.
  • a suitable device also allows a shortening of the development times of batteries.
  • the device preferably has a frequency generator.
  • the current profile between the first and the second contact further comprises a DC component
  • the device has a further control unit for controlling the DC component such that the state of charge of the battery is kept substantially constant
  • the DC component advantageously allows controlled charging or discharging of the battery. A shift in the state of charge of the battery, for example, due to the continuous readjustment of the amplitudes of the alternating current component can thus be counteracted.
  • To increase the accuracy of the DC component is preferably adjusted by means of a control loop acting as a control unit in response to a changing battery parameter.
  • a further subject of the present invention is a method for testing a rechargeable battery by means of a device, wherein by means of connection means of the device an electrically conductive connection of the device to a first and a second contact of the battery is made, wherein the battery by means of the device Current profile between the first and the second contact is impressed and wherein an alternating current component in the current profile is controlled so that a defined power loss is generated in the battery.
  • a stress test for the battery is thus carried out under conditions that are as real as possible, so that the heat development occurring in the battery can be observed and analyzed.
  • a temperature measurement is preferably carried out on the battery. This can be a measurement of the battery temperature from outside the battery as well as from within the battery. In this way - as described above - weak points in the structure of the battery can be identified by the temperature analysis.
  • the amplitudes of the alternating current component are preferably adjusted by means of a control unit in such a way that a defined nominal power dissipation is generated in the battery.
  • the actual power loss in the battery is determined by means of a monitoring unit and that the actual power loss is compared with the desired power loss, the amplitudes of the alternating current component preferably depending on the comparison between the Actual power loss and the target power loss is regulated.
  • the desired desired power loss with the highest possible accuracy in the battery to generate, since the actual incurred in the battery actual power loss is constantly or at least temporarily compared with the desired power loss and the amplitudes are readjusted accordingly.
  • the product from the current profile and the voltage curve corresponding to the current profile between the first and second contact over at least one period of the AC voltage component is integrated.
  • the value calculated by the integration is divided by the duration of the periods over which has been integrated.
  • Another object or another preferred embodiment of the present invention is a method for testing a rechargeable battery by means of a device, wherein by means of connection means of the device, an electrically conductive connection of the device is made to a first and a second contact of the battery, wherein the battery the device is impressed on a current waveform between the first and the second contact and wherein a frequency of the alternating current component is adjusted in the course of the current such that in a particular region of the battery, a power loss is generated.
  • the inventive method enables the generation of power loss in certain areas of the battery. It has been stated above that the generation of power dissipation depends strongly on the structure of the battery, as well as the materials used in the construction of the battery.
  • a successive variation of the frequency now makes it possible for the generation of power loss to be generated one after the other in different areas of the battery, and thus for these different areas of the battery to be successively and separately tested for their heat development.
  • the effective power loss mainly depends on the amplitude of the alternating current component and less on the frequency, so that the frequency tuning in different areas of the battery always provides a certain preselected power loss and in particular a constant power loss Power loss can be generated. In this way, in addition to the identification of design weaknesses, a localization of these design weaknesses in the battery is possible.
  • a DC component in the current profile is regulated by means of a further control unit such that the state of charge of the battery is kept substantially constant.
  • the battery is kept in a constant state of charge during the performance of the test procedure. It is also conceivable that the battery is charged to a predetermined charge level during the test procedure. In this way, it would be possible to provide a time-saving simultaneous charging and testing process which would be run from newly manufactured batteries prior to delivery to customers or prior to installation in battery systems.
  • FIG. 1a shows a schematic view of a device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1b shows a schematic view of a device according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 shows schematic views of a time-dependent current
  • FIGS. 1a and 1b show schematic views of a device 10 for testing a rechargeable battery 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • the device 10 functions as a test device for thermally measuring batteries 100 or a battery pack constructed of a plurality of batteries 100.
  • the battery 100 is impressed by means of electrical conductors having a periodic current in such a way that in the batteries to be tested 100 a specifically adjustable power loss at a freely programmable modulation frequency f re f is impressed.
  • test device 10 By means of the device 10 (hereinafter also referred to as test device 10), an alternating current l m is conducted into the battery 100 to be charged, it being advantageously ensured by the method for operating the test device 10 that the alternating current is regulated in amplitude is that a constant power loss P v accumulates in the battery 100.
  • FIG. 1 a shows that the test device 10 is electrically connected to the poles 101, 102 of the battery 100 to be examined.
  • the test apparatus 10 is embodied by way of example as an output stage amplifier with an output voltage that can be varied in frequency f re f.
  • an alternating current l m eg sinusoidal
  • U Ba tt alternating voltage
  • the alternating voltage U Ba tt on the battery 100 is superimposed with a direct voltage component, which corresponds in particular to the source voltage of the battery 100, with a flowing mean-value-free battery current ,
  • the alternating component of the voltage U Ba tt is phase-shifted with respect to the flowing battery current l m , since the battery 100 has an ohmic-inductive behavior in the kHz range, while the battery 100 has an ohmic-capacitive behavior below the kHz range.
  • batteries 100 often have a non-linear transmission behavior, so that ohmic portions of the battery-internal impedance decrease with increasing battery current l m or increase with decreasing battery current l m .
  • the resulting in the battery 100 power loss P v is thus not directly proportional to the flowing battery current l m .
  • the test device 10 therefore measures both the set battery current l m and the voltage U Ba tt at the poles 101, 102 of the battery 100.
  • the power loss P v accumulated in the battery 100 is the difference between the energy introduced into the battery 100 during charging less the energy removed during unloading.
  • the energy introduced during charging is determined in the case of a sinusoidal alternating current by the positive current half-waves during the course of the alternating current l m , while the energy removed during discharging is determined by the negative current half-waves of the course of the alternating current Im.
  • the balancing of the amounts of energy supplied and removed is carried out in the test method according to the invention by an active power consideration of currents and voltages.
  • the product S of the time course of battery current l m and battery voltage U Ba tt is formed by means of a multiplier 57.
  • This product S corresponds to the apparent power.
  • the product S is integrated over one or more complete periods, for example by means of an integration member 50.
  • the integral of this product S over n complete periods is equal to the loss energy accumulated in the battery 100 during the n periods. Subsequently, this loss energy is divided by the duration of the n periods, so that the average power loss P v in the battery 100 results:
  • the device 10 also has a control unit 11, which regulates the amplitude of the alternating current component as a function of this calculated mean power loss P v , in order to generate a defined, ie desired or predetermined power loss P in the battery 100.
  • the calculated average power loss P v thus serves as a control variable for the control unit 1 1, wherein the calculated power loss P v is subtractively returned to the predetermined power loss P v *.
  • the manipulated variable I is generated for example by means of a current controller 55.
  • the control unit 1 1 thus represents a feedback-coupled (in particular counter-coupled) system, since a change in the amplitudes causes a change in the controlled variable.
  • the power loss actually generated in the battery 100 is regulated by using the measured or calculated power loss P v as a controlled variable and determining the current amplitude I as a manipulated variable by means of the current regulator 55 in a corresponding size.
  • the modulation factor m is generated by means of a frequency generator 58 and oscillates with an externally set modulation frequency f re f.
  • the alternating current I m is now fed to the battery 100, so that the control loop is closed.
  • the multiplication of the current amplitude value I by the modulation factor m is effected by means of a further multiplier 59, for example a simple amplifier.
  • the current course l m impressed on the battery 100 is regulated in such a way that in the battery 100 the defined power dissipation P "- specified from the outside is generated.
  • the frequency f ref can be freely selected or modified so that the power loss P v is obtained in certain areas of the battery 100.
  • the apparatus 10 preferably comprises a temperature measuring device, not shown, for example a liquid thermometer, an electric thermometer, a thermal imaging camera, a Raman thermometer, a resistance thermometer, a thermocouple thermometer or the like, which detects the heat in the battery 100 and in particular in different areas of the battery 100 measures or evaluates.
  • a temperature measuring device not shown, for example a liquid thermometer, an electric thermometer, a thermal imaging camera, a Raman thermometer, a resistance thermometer, a thermocouple thermometer or the like, which detects the heat in the battery 100 and in particular in different areas of the battery 100 measures or evaluates.
  • test device 10 is used to check a new battery design still in the development, or that by means of the device 10 series batteries are ready for delivery to the customer or before installation, for example in a large battery cluster , in a vehicle or the like, to be systematically tested.
  • the test device can be an amplifier output stage which is customary in battery test stands and the method for operating the test device 10 as a function of a test bench software can be implemented.
  • the current control variable I is recalculated only after every complete period, it is ensured that the balance of charging and discharging current over long test periods is equal to zero, ie the state of charge of the battery 100 remains essentially unchanged, since the amplitude of charging current and discharge half-wave in a period are equal. Analogously, this applies if the manipulated variable I is recalculated after a sequence of complete periods. If the update of the manipulated variable I continuously, it may possibly lead to the state of charge of the battery 100 shifts slightly over the test period.
  • an inner control loop in the form of a further control unit which prevents drifting of the state of charge of the battery 100 by a non-periodic offset current (also referred to as direct current component) of the regulated periodic alternating Ström l m is superimposed.
  • a control variable for this inner current control loop either the time integral of the current l m , for batteries with a charge efficiency of 1 (eg lithium-ion batteries) can be used.
  • FIG. 2 shows schematic views of a time-dependent current and voltage curve on a battery 100, which are described by means of the device 10 described with reference to FIGS. 1 a and 1 b and by means of the method described with reference to FIGS. 1 a and 1 b according to the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure Invention is tested.
  • the time profile of the adjusted current is illustrated l m and the thereby resulting voltage U Batt the battery 100.
  • the voltage U Batt the batteries 100 has a constant-voltage component on.
  • the periodic current l m and the voltage U Ba tt are out of phase with each other due to the electrochemical processes in the battery 100.
  • the amplitude of the current shown is provided by the test apparatus 10 in such a way that the power loss P v accumulated in the battery 100, measured over one or more periods, equals a predetermined power loss value P v .
  • the frequency of the alternating current l m is given by the predetermined modulation frequency f ref .
  • the predetermined current profile l m preferably fluctuates around the zero point (only the ideal case), so that the battery 100 is charged during the positive current half-cycles and discharged during the negative current half-cycles.
  • the oscillating current profile l m is shifted by the DC component in the Y direction in order to keep the battery 100 at a constant state of charge.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de contrôle d'une batterie rechargeable, ledit dispositif comprenant des moyens de connexion destinés à le connecter de manière électroconductrice à un premier et à un deuxième contact de la batterie. Ce dispositif est conçu de sorte qu'une variation de courant peut être appliquée à la batterie entre le premier et le deuxième contact par l'intermédiaire des moyens de connexion. Il est conçu en outre de sorte que la variation de courant entre le premier et le deuxième contact présente une composante de courant alternatif prédéfinie pour produire une dissipation de puissance définie dans la batterie.
PCT/EP2012/001748 2011-04-29 2012-04-24 Dispositif et procédé de contrôle d'une batterie rechargeable Ceased WO2012146367A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011100152.6 2011-04-29
DE201110100152 DE102011100152A1 (de) 2011-04-29 2011-04-29 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Prüfung einer wiederaufladbaren Batterie

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012146367A2 true WO2012146367A2 (fr) 2012-11-01
WO2012146367A3 WO2012146367A3 (fr) 2012-12-20

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2012/001748 Ceased WO2012146367A2 (fr) 2011-04-29 2012-04-24 Dispositif et procédé de contrôle d'une batterie rechargeable

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DE (1) DE102011100152A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012146367A2 (fr)

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DE102019215052A1 (de) * 2019-09-30 2021-04-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Ladevorrichtung und Verfahren zum Laden eines elektrischen Energiespeichers
DE102019215054A1 (de) * 2019-09-30 2021-04-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Ladevorrichtung und Verfahren zum Laden eines elektrischen Energiespeichers

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US5362942A (en) * 1993-08-24 1994-11-08 Interdigital Technology Corporation Battery heating system using internal battery resistance
DE102009001047A1 (de) * 2009-02-20 2010-08-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erwärmen von Speicherzellen
DE102009027513A1 (de) * 2009-07-08 2011-01-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorrichtung zum sicheren Testen von Batterien
DE102009037085A1 (de) * 2009-08-11 2011-02-17 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Ermittlung einer Verlustleistung eines Energiespeichers
DE102009029093A1 (de) * 2009-09-02 2011-03-03 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Erwärmen eines Akkumulators, Ladegerät und Zusatzelement

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Publication number Publication date
WO2012146367A3 (fr) 2012-12-20
DE102011100152A1 (de) 2012-10-31

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