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WO2012039464A1 - Système de pile à combustible à micro-organismes, procédé de génération d'électricité et procédé de traitement de substances organiques - Google Patents

Système de pile à combustible à micro-organismes, procédé de génération d'électricité et procédé de traitement de substances organiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012039464A1
WO2012039464A1 PCT/JP2011/071660 JP2011071660W WO2012039464A1 WO 2012039464 A1 WO2012039464 A1 WO 2012039464A1 JP 2011071660 W JP2011071660 W JP 2011071660W WO 2012039464 A1 WO2012039464 A1 WO 2012039464A1
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tank
anaerobic
aerobic
layer
electrode
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Japanese (ja)
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慶久 日比
太田　祐介
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Ibiden Co Ltd
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Ibiden Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/16—Biochemical fuel cells, i.e. cells in which microorganisms function as catalysts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/005—Combined electrochemical biological processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/46115—Electrolytic cell with membranes or diaphragms
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a microbial fuel cell system capable of purifying wastewater simultaneously with power generation, a power generation method, and a method for treating organic matter, and particularly relates to a microbial fuel cell system using anaerobic / aerobic microorganisms, a power generation method, and a method for treating organic matter. .
  • Patent Document 1 A processing method has been reported (Patent Document 1).
  • Patent Document 2 a report relating to a microbial battery using a microbial carrier suitable for purification of domestic wastewater and / or river sludge as an electrode, and a sludge purification device that efficiently purifies sludge using the battery.
  • MB methylene blue
  • NR neutral red
  • sludge sludge Purification
  • the batch type sedimentation separation method is adopted, continuous operation is impossible, and waste water cannot be purified.
  • organic substances are not decomposed by both anaerobic treatment and aerobic treatment, electrons and protons cannot be obtained efficiently.
  • the organic matter-containing wastewater continuously flows in or when the organic matter-containing wastewater flows in a large amount, the anaerobic tank and the aerobic tank are mixed, and the organic matter-containing wastewater cannot be purified.
  • the electromotive force is reduced and no power can be obtained.
  • the specific surface area is small, so the adhesion (accumulation) of microorganisms is poor, and the number of microorganisms present on the electrode surface is small. As a result, the number of electrons generated in the process of microorganisms decomposing and absorbing organic matter is reduced, and therefore cannot be used for power generation. Furthermore, since microorganisms decompose organic substances other than on the electrode surface, electrons are not delivered to the electrode, resulting in an electron loss.
  • Gases such as methane and hydrogen sulfide
  • anaerobic microorganisms including obligate anaerobic bacteria
  • electrons are generated from the decomposition of organic matter.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a microbial fuel cell system that does not require the addition of a mediator, is not accompanied by generation of odor, and can cope with supply of low concentration or high concentration organic matter. Furthermore, an object of the present invention is to provide a power generation method and an organic matter treatment method (a method for purifying water and treating sludge generation by wastewater treatment) using such a microbial fuel cell system.
  • the gist of the present invention is as follows.
  • a method for treating organic matter comprising: supplying a liquid
  • [4] Supplying a liquid containing an organic substance and an inorganic flocculant into a tank containing a liquid containing an anaerobic microorganism group, separating the tank into an anaerobic layer and an aerobic layer, and existing in the anaerobic layer A method of generating electricity through an external circuit that electrically connects the negative electrode provided in the tank and the positive electrode provided in the tank so as to exist in the aerobic layer; and [5] Liquid containing organic matter in a tank of a tank in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are provided in a tank containing a liquid containing anaerobic microorganisms, and an external circuit for electrically connecting the electrodes.
  • a method for treating an organic substance having a step of separating the inside of the tank into an anaerobic layer and an aerobic layer, wherein a negative electrode is provided in the tank so that the negative electrode exists in the anaerobic layer, and a positive electrode is provided It is related with the processing method of the organic substance which is provided in this tank so that it may exist in this aerobic layer.
  • the disadvantages of each other are compensated by using anaerobic microorganism group and aerobic microorganism group in combination. That is, even when wastewater containing high-concentration organic matter is supplied, the anaerobic microorganism group can decompose the organic matter and reduce the molecular weight.
  • the wastewater containing such high-concentration organic substances is decomposed only in the anaerobic tank, ammonia and sulfur compounds are accumulated in the anaerobic tank, and the growth environment is deteriorated by such self-generated organisms. The decomposition process of the organic matter in the tank is suppressed.
  • the microbial fuel cell electrode with the anaerobic tank side as the negative electrode (anode side)
  • bacteria accumulate on the electrode surface and at the same time the anaerobic tank is in a turbulent state, facilitating the contact between the bacteria-accumulated electrode and organic matter Is done.
  • microorganisms using sulfur compounds as energy sources and microorganisms utilizing ammonia nitrogen are preferably present in the anaerobic tank. In such a case, the electrode and the waste liquid are efficiently in contact with each other.
  • the amount of sludge due to sedimentation of residual organic matter can be reduced.
  • the organic matter is decomposed on the anaerobic tank side, and a low molecular weight organic acid is separated from the separator or measuring tank. It passes through and moves to the aerobic tank side and is decomposed on the aerobic tank side.
  • substances that could not react on the surface of the negative electrode side are treated on the aerobic tank side, and at the same time, high-concentration organic substances that were impossible with conventional aerobic treatment on the aerobic tank side are disposed of.
  • the generation of electricity reduces the amount of excess sludge generated so far by 40-50%.
  • the high-concentration organic substance means BOD (biochemical oxygen demand rate: unit: ppm) of 2000 ppm or more.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an example of a microbial fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the microbial fuel cell system 11 of the first aspect of the present invention includes an anaerobic tank 1 in which anaerobic microorganisms are accommodated and provided with an electrode, and an aerobic effect in which an aerobic microorganisms are accommodated and provided with an electrode. It is composed of a tank 2, a separator 3 for separating the anaerobic tank 1 and the aerobic tank 2, and an external circuit 4 for electrically connecting the electrodes, and the electrode provided in the anaerobic tank 1 is negative.
  • the electrode 5 and the electrode provided in the aerobic tank 2 are the positive electrodes 6.
  • the dissolved oxygen concentration in the aerobic tank is preferably higher.
  • a liquid containing organic matter it is preferable to supply a liquid containing organic matter to the anaerobic tank.
  • organic wastewater is supplied to the anaerobic tank 1 containing anaerobic microorganisms, organic substances (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, etc.) are present due to the presence of anaerobic bacteria (facultative anaerobic bacteria and obligate anaerobic bacteria). Can be reduced in molecular weight (change to organic acid, monosaccharide, etc.).
  • the reaction proceeds due to the presence of obligate anaerobic bacteria, and some of them are decomposed to methane.
  • halophilic facultative anaerobic bacteria are preferable, and acid- and alkali-resistant halophilic facultative anaerobic bacteria are more preferable.
  • the anaerobic tank side is the negative electrode and the aerobic tank side is the positive electrode.
  • the electrode used in this case is preferably porous carbon carrying a metal or metal compound such as Pt or Cu, porous carbon modified with carbon nanotubes (CNT), carbon felt, or the like.
  • the positive electrode and the negative electrode may be the same or different.
  • the electrode used for the positive electrode is an electrode provided with a catalyst for reducing oxygen.
  • a metal that reacts with fermented methane may also be provided on the negative electrode side.
  • methane, mercaptan, hydrogen sulfide, etc. produced by anaerobic bacteria are decomposed using a noble metal element (Pt, Rh, or Au) or a metal element (Cu) as a catalyst, generation of odor can be suppressed.
  • Pt, Rh, or Au a noble metal element
  • Cu metal element
  • Methane is decomposed using Pt or the like supported on the negative electrode as a catalyst, and exhibits the same reaction as a normal fuel cell.
  • Hydrogen sulfide which is an odorous substance other than methane, reacts because Cu is carried by the negative electrode, releases hydrogen and electrons, and the electrons are transferred to the negative electrode in the same manner as described above. This reaction makes it possible to acquire electrons with high efficiency at the same time as the reduction of the mercaptan odor substance (odor suppression).
  • the specific surface area is desirably 16,000cm 2 / g or more electrodes, the specific surface area is more desirable 360,000cm 2 / g or more electrodes. It is desirable that at least pores having a pore diameter of 100 nm or more, more preferably 1 ⁇ m or more are opened on the surface of the electrode. More preferably, it is desirable that pores are distributed throughout the interior. This is because, when these carbons carry microorganisms, the above-mentioned noble metal elements or metal elements of the catalyst as catalysts, they are difficult to peel off.
  • the conductivity is improved because the network of cytochrome C is dense between the accumulated microorganisms.
  • the pore diameter is desirably 5 ⁇ m or less.
  • Separation between the anaerobic tank and the aerobic tank is, for example, from the side where the proton and organic acid can pass and the anaerobic microorganism group and the aerobic microorganism group cannot pass (separator), or from the anaerobic tank side It is performed by the overflow of Kaminagamizu.
  • the separator include a water treatment MF (Microfiltlation Membrance) membrane, filter paper, porous unglazed plate, and the like. These separators preferably have pores of 1 ⁇ m or less. This is because the size of the microorganism group is 1 ⁇ m or more, so that the microorganism group does not pass and protons and organic acids can pass.
  • the pore diameter of the separator is more preferably 0.1 to 0.5 ⁇ m. From the viewpoint of allowing the organic acid to pass through effectively, the pore diameter of the separator is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, and since there are microorganisms exceeding 0.5 ⁇ m, the pore diameter is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or less.
  • the organic acid decomposed into low molecules in the wastewater flowing into the aerobic tank through this separator is purified by aerobic bacteria and decomposed into water and carbon dioxide.
  • aerobic bacteria in the case of only an anaerobic tank, growth suppression is caused by the high concentration of ammonia components produced by the anaerobic bacteria themselves in the process of anaerobic bacteria decomposing organic matter.
  • the anaerobic treatment anaerobic bacteria decompose organic substances
  • ammonia components, sulfide ions, and the like move from the anaerobic layer to the aerobic tank through the separator and are decomposed in the aerobic tank.
  • the aerobic tank side is the positive electrode side
  • the electrons passed to the negative electrode are supplied to the positive electrode through an external circuit that electrically connects these electrodes, and the electrons from the positive electrode to the aerobic tank Is released.
  • an aeration means 7 for increasing the dissolved oxygen concentration is further provided.
  • the dissolved oxygen concentration is preferably 2 to 5 mg / L, more preferably 3 to 5 mg / L, and the effect of further improving the ability to decompose and remove organic matter is exhibited.
  • Wastewater can be purified with high efficiency.
  • Specific examples of the aeration means are not particularly limited, and examples include aeration means known in the wastewater treatment field such as an aerator.
  • a stirring means 8 may be provided in at least one of the anaerobic tank 1 and the aerobic tank 2. By providing the stirring means 8, the power generation efficiency and the organic matter processing efficiency can be improved. Examples of such a stirrer include one that rotates a blade, an ejector, and an injector.
  • another waste liquid treatment means is provided in the previous stage of the anaerobic tank, between the anaerobic tank and the aerobic tank, or in the subsequent stage of the aerobic tank. Also good.
  • electricity can be taken out via an external circuit that electrically connects the negative electrode 5 and the positive electrode 6 using the microbial fuel cell system of the present invention. That is, the microbial fuel cell system of the present invention is driven as a microbial fuel cell.
  • hydrogen ions and electrons are generated by the anaerobic microorganism group at the negative electrode 5 provided in the anaerobic tank 1.
  • the generated hydrogen ions permeate the separator 3 and move from the anaerobic tank 1 side to the aerobic tank 2 side, the electrons move from the negative electrode 5 to the positive electrode 6 via the external circuit 4, and the hydrogen ions and electrons are
  • the positive electrode 6 is combined with oxygen to form water. At that time, energy is recovered by taking out electricity flowing in the external circuit 4.
  • the organic matter treatment method of the first aspect of the present invention comprises an anaerobic microorganism group containing an anaerobic microorganism group and a negative electrode, and an aerobic tank containing an aerobic microorganism group and a positive electrode.
  • the organic matter treatment method can utilize the microbial fuel cell system of the present invention.
  • Examples of the step of supplying the liquid containing organic matter to the anaerobic tank include a step of supplying the liquid containing organic matter contained in the tank to the anaerobic tank by a pump or the like.
  • the step of discharging the treated liquid from the aerobic tank includes a step of discharging the liquid from the aerobic tank.
  • the aerobic tank is preferably further provided with aeration means. By providing such aeration means, the dissolved oxygen concentration can be increased.
  • the decomposition of organic acids and the like is uptake of microbial nutrients.
  • energy is consumed in order to advance the reaction at the same time as taking in energy.
  • electrons emitted from the positive electrode side are supplemented as energy, so that the microorganisms are always activated and the number of microorganisms increases.
  • the processing efficiency of organic matter is improved. Therefore, according to the microbial fuel cell system of the present invention, the treatment efficiency of organic matter is improved, so that undecomposed substances that have been excessive sludge until now are also decomposed and the generation of excessive sludge is reduced.
  • the power generation method and the organic matter processing method of the second aspect of the present invention will be described. This is based on the microbial fuel cell system, the power generation method, and the organic matter treatment method of the first aspect of the present invention without using a separator. And it is an aspect which does not need to divide a tank into an anaerobic tank and an aerobic tank.
  • the second power generation method and organic matter treatment method of the present invention it is possible to continuously purify 240 to 450 m 3 / day even if the liquid has a high BOD of 2000 ppm to 5000 ppm.
  • a liquid having a high BOD requires a large amount of oxygen by microorganisms for decomposing, so that the liquid in the entire tank tends to become anaerobic and the inside of the tank is difficult to become aerobic.
  • the liquid in the tank tends to become anaerobic.
  • inorganic flocculant used in such a method include oxides of calcium, magnesium, silicon, and the like that are conventionally used, such as diatomaceous earth, obsidian, and lime.
  • the sediment in the lower part of the tank is anaerobic and anaerobic because it has little contact with liquid and approaches anoxic conditions.
  • the upper part of the layer has less precipitate than the lower part, it comes into much contact with the liquid, oxygen is easily supplied, becomes aerobic, and becomes an aerobic layer.
  • the bacteria contained in the activated sludge are facultative anaerobic bacteria. When oxygen is present, it acts as an aerobic bacterium and becomes anaerobic when it becomes anoxic.
  • a positive electrode is provided on the upper and aerobic tank (layer) side, and the lower and anaerobic tank By providing a negative electrode on the (layer) side, electricity can be taken out via an external circuit that electrically connects the electrodes.
  • a separator is necessary, but in the power generation method of the second invention, a separator is not necessary.
  • the inorganic flocculant separates the aerobic layer side and the anaerobic layer side in one tank, and hydrogen ions and low molecular weight organic acids float in the solution. This is because it becomes possible to move from the anaerobic tank (layer) side to the aerobic tank (tank) side.
  • the tank is aerated.
  • formation of an anaerobic layer is expected to be inhibited.
  • an aerobic layer and an anaerobic layer could be formed unexpectedly regardless of the implementation of aeration.
  • MLSS active sludge suspended solids: Mixed liquor Suspended Solid
  • MLSS active sludge suspended solids: Mixed liquor Suspended Solid
  • concentration 15000 to 20000 mg / L, more preferably 20000 to 35000 mg / L.
  • the microbial fuel cell system 11 is a position where the anaerobic microorganism group is accommodated in the tank 9 and the anaerobic layer 13 is formed, for example, the position where the electrode 5 provided in the lower part of the tank and the aerobic layer 14 are formed.
  • the aerobic layer has a higher dissolved oxygen concentration than the anaerobic layer. Therefore, an aerobic microorganism group exists in the aerobic layer.
  • anaerobic tank (layer) 13 it is preferable to supply a liquid containing an organic substance to the anaerobic tank (layer) 13. That is, since the anaerobic layer is formed below the tank, it is preferable to supply the liquid containing organic matter from the lower part of the tank.
  • organic wastewater is supplied to an anaerobic tank (layer) 13 containing anaerobic microorganisms, organic substances (proteins, lipids, sugars) are present due to the presence of anaerobic bacteria (facultative anaerobic bacteria / obligate anaerobic bacteria). Quality etc.) can be reduced in molecular weight (changed to organic acids, monosaccharides, etc.).
  • reaction proceeds due to the presence of obligate anaerobic bacteria, and some of them are decomposed to methane.
  • anaerobic bacteria halophilic facultative anaerobic bacteria are preferable, and acid- and alkali-resistant halophilic facultative anaerobic bacteria are more preferable.
  • the waste liquid containing organic matter forms flocs by the addition of an inorganic flocculant, and as a result, a part of it is subjected to normal aerobic treatment, but most of it settles. Thereby, since the reaction mentioned above arises, it is also possible to supply waste liquid from the upper part.
  • cytochrome C substance synthesized by the microorganism itself works as an electron transfer substance (conductive nanowire) and passes electrons to the negative electrode when the attached microorganism group forms a network.
  • protons generated simultaneously float in the tank and move to the aerobic tank (layer) 14.
  • methane, mercaptan, hydrogen sulfide, etc. produced by anaerobic bacteria are decomposed using a noble metal element (Pt, Rh, or Au) or a metal element (Cu) as a catalyst, generation of odor can be suppressed.
  • Pt, Rh, or Au a noble metal element
  • Cu metal element
  • Methane is decomposed using Pt or the like supported on the negative electrode as a catalyst, and exhibits the same reaction as a normal fuel cell.
  • Hydrogen sulfide which is an odorous substance other than methane, reacts because Cu is carried by the negative electrode, releases hydrogen and electrons, and the electrons are transferred to the negative electrode in the same manner as described above.
  • This reaction makes it possible to acquire electrons with high efficiency at the same time as the reduction of the mercaptan odor substance (odor suppression).
  • bacteria using a sulfur compound as a nutrient source exist, electrons generated in a reaction process that takes in and decomposes a sulfur compound that is a source of an odorous substance can be further used, which is more preferable.
  • Such an electrode has high conductivity, it is desirable to be carbon, and it is desirable to be porous because microorganisms are likely to adhere to it. It is desirable that at least pores having a pore diameter of 1 ⁇ m or more are open on the surface of the electrode. More preferably, it is desirable that pores are distributed throughout the interior. This is because these carbons do not easily peel off when the above-mentioned noble metal element or metal element of the catalyst is supported as a catalyst. Moreover, since a microorganism tends to enter inside, the pore diameter is desirably 5 ⁇ m or less.
  • the separation between the anaerobic tank (layer) 13 side and the aerobic tank (layer) 14 is performed by an inorganic flocculant as described above.
  • the anaerobic tank (layer) 13 side and the aerobic tank (layer) 14 By separating the tank into two parts, the anaerobic tank (layer) 13 side and the aerobic tank (layer) 14, when general and industrial wastewater containing high-concentration wastewater is flowed into the tank, it is separated and anaerobic at the bottom After the organic matter is decomposed to low molecular organic acid or the like on the tank (layer) 13 side, a liquid containing protons or organic acids moves from the anaerobic tank (layer) 13 side to the aerobic tank (layer) 14. In the aerobic tank (layer) 14, protons are reduced to water by making the dissolved oxygen concentration high (2-5 mg / L) by air aeration, etc., and organic acids are decomposed and removed by aerobic bacteria. Waste water is purified.
  • Organic acids and the like decomposed into low molecules flowing into the aerobic tank (layer) 14 are purified by aerobic bacteria and decomposed into water and carbon dioxide. If only the anaerobic tank (layer) 13 is present, in the process of anaerobic bacteria decomposing organic matter, the ammonia component produced by the anaerobic bacteria itself is accumulated at a high concentration, thereby suppressing growth. As a result, the anaerobic treatment (anaerobic bacteria decompose organic substances) itself deteriorates.
  • ammonia components and sulfide ions do not accumulate in the anaerobic tank (layer) 13. It moves from the (layer) 13 to the aerobic tank (layer) 14 and is decomposed in the aerobic tank.
  • ammonia components and sulfide ions are further added to the aerobic tank.
  • the aerobic tank (layer) 14 side is the positive electrode side
  • the electrons transferred to the negative electrode are supplied to the positive electrode through an external circuit that electrically connects these electrodes, and the positive electrode is positively supplied. Electrons are emitted to the air tank (layer) 14.
  • the tank is preferably further provided with aeration means 7 for increasing the dissolved oxygen concentration.
  • the dissolved oxygen concentration is preferably 2 to 5 mg / L, more preferably 3 to 5 mg / L, and the effect of further improving the ability to decompose and remove organic matter is exhibited.
  • Wastewater can be purified with high efficiency.
  • Specific examples of the aeration means are not particularly limited, and examples include aeration means known in the wastewater treatment field such as an aerator. Such aeration means may be provided in the upper part of the tank, in the central part, or in the lower part.
  • At least one of the anaerobic tank (layer) 13 and the aerobic tank (layer) 14 may be provided with stirring means.
  • a stirring means By providing such a stirring means, it is possible to improve power generation efficiency and organic matter processing efficiency.
  • a stirrer a rotating blade, an ejector or an injector is a preferred example.
  • another waste liquid treatment means may be provided in the front stage of the anaerobic tank or the rear stage of the aerobic tank as necessary.
  • electricity can be taken out via an external circuit that electrically connects the negative electrode 5 and the positive electrode 6 using the microbial fuel cell system described above. That is, the microbial fuel cell system of the present invention is driven as a microbial fuel cell.
  • hydrogen ions and electrons are generated by the anaerobic microorganism group at the negative electrode 5 provided in the anaerobic tank (layer) 13.
  • the generated hydrogen ions float in the tank and move from the anaerobic tank (layer) 13 side to the aerobic tank (layer) 14 side, and the electrons move from the negative electrode 5 to the positive electrode 6 via the external circuit 4,
  • Hydrogen ions and electrons combine with oxygen at the positive electrode 6 to become water.
  • energy is recovered by taking out electricity flowing in the external circuit 4.
  • the aerobic tank is preferably further provided with aeration means. By providing such aeration means, the dissolved oxygen concentration can be increased.
  • the organic material treatment method of the second aspect of the present invention is a tank in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are provided in a tank containing a liquid containing anaerobic microorganisms, and an external circuit that electrically connects the electrodes.
  • the organic matter treatment system can utilize the microbial fuel cell system of the present invention.
  • Examples of the step of supplying the liquid containing organic matter to the tank include a step of supplying the liquid containing organic matter in the tank to the tank by a pump or the like.
  • the step of discharging the treated liquid from the tank includes a step of discharging the liquid from the aerobic tank.
  • the aerobic tank is preferably further provided with aeration means. By providing such aeration means, the dissolved oxygen concentration can be increased.
  • the decomposition of organic acids and the like is uptake of microbial nutrients.
  • energy is consumed in order to advance the reaction at the same time as taking in energy.
  • electrons emitted from the positive electrode side are supplemented as energy, so that the microorganisms are always activated and the number of microorganisms increases.
  • the processing efficiency of organic matter is improved. Therefore, according to the microbial fuel cell system of the present invention, the treatment efficiency of organic matter is improved, so that undecomposed substances that have been excessive sludge until now are also decomposed and the generation of excessive sludge is reduced. Since the reaction does not proceed to methane fermentation due to the incorporation of the organic acid, the generation of sulfide ions, ammonia, etc. generated in the process is reduced.
  • Example 1 The following microbial fuel cell system was produced using a U-shaped acrylic container as shown in FIG.
  • the anaerobic tank 1 and the aerobic tank 2 were cylindrical chambers having a diameter of about 20 cm and a volume of about 3 liters, and their lower portions were connected by an acrylic pipe having a hole diameter of about 5 cm in diameter.
  • a PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) film (trade name: MBR film, manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.) as a separator 3 was provided at substantially the center of the pipe.
  • a stirring means 8 and an electrode porous carbon supported by Pt, manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc., trade name: TGP-H-090
  • a thermometer were installed in the anaerobic tank 1 and the aerobic tank 2 .
  • the aerobic tank 2 was provided with an aerator as an aeration means, and air was supplied from the bottom of the aerobic tank 2.
  • anaerobic sludge is applied from the bottom of the aeration tank that performs general wastewater treatment using the activated sludge method, and aerobic sludge from the top. obtained.
  • the obtained anaerobic sludge was added to the anaerobic tank 1, and 2 liters of the obtained aerobic sludge was added to the aerobic tank 2, respectively.
  • 0.5 liter of hydrolyzate as a liquid containing organic substances was supplied to the anaerobic tank 1. After covering the upper part of the anaerobic tank 1 with a paraffin film so as not to come into contact with oxygen, each electrode and an electric resistance 1 ⁇ ammeter as an external circuit were connected, and aeration and stirring were started.
  • the initial voltage was 0.8V
  • the voltage after 2 days of operation was 0.8V. This shows that power can be generated throughout the operation period without adding a mediator called an electron transfer substance.
  • an inexpensive membrane PVDF membrane
  • PVDF membrane can be used as a separator as compared with a proton permeable membrane or an ion exchange membrane.
  • Rhodobacter which is an autotrophic bacterium
  • Schwannella an iron-reducing bacterium
  • the aerobic tank was 3 mg / L and the anaerobic tank was approximately 0 mg / L, respectively.
  • the dissolved oxygen concentration was maintained at a high level.
  • Example 2 The microbial fuel cell system was operated under the same microbial fuel cell system and conditions as in Example 1 except that the electrodes in both tanks were changed to dense carbon (the one in which Cu was supported on dense carbon). I went for 2 days. As a result, the voltage in the initial state was 0.5 V, and the voltage after 2 days of operation was 0.5 V. As shown in Table 1, in Example 1 using the electrode made of porous carbon, the voltage in the initial state is 0.8V, and the voltage after operation for 2 days is 0.8V. Higher output power can be obtained.
  • FIGS. 2 is an electron micrograph of the surface structure of the negative electrode used in Example 1 before system operation
  • FIG. 3 is an electron micrograph of the surface structure of the negative electrode of Example 1 after system operation for 2 days. It is. Thus, it is presumed that the microorganisms adhere to the carbon, so that the organic matter is efficiently decomposed and the electrons are transferred to the negative electrode.
  • Example 3 The following microbial fuel cell system was produced using a container as shown in FIG.
  • the tank 9 has no separator but is divided into an anaerobic layer 13 and an aerobic layer 14.
  • the anaerobic layer 13 at the lower part of the tank 9 and the aerobic layer 14 at the upper part of the tank 9 have electrodes 5 and 6 (porous carbon supported by Pt, manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc., trade name: TGP- H-090) and a thermometer. Furthermore, the anaerobic layer 13 was provided with an aerator 7 as an aeration means, and air 12 was supplied from the bottom of the anaerobic layer 13. Each electrode and an electric resistance 1 ⁇ ammeter as an external circuit 4 were connected.
  • Aerobic sludge (3000 to 7000 mg / L as MLSS) from the upper part of an aeration tank that uses the activated sludge method at an electronic component manufacturing plant wastewater treatment plant in Ogaki City, Gifu Prefecture, Japan obtained. Then, sludge was put into the tank 9.
  • Mg and containing silica, diatomaceous earth was added a powder of (2.5 g / m 3) and obsidian (19 g / m 3) as the inorganic flocculant in the tank 9, chemical further containing Ca like lime slurry in pH adjustment ( The activated sludge was agglomerated by adding 300 g / L) and settled below the tank 9.
  • the microbial fuel cell system of Example 3 can purify a large amount of waste water at the same time as obtaining high output power.
  • Comparative Example 1 The following microbial fuel cell system 11 was produced using a container as shown in FIG.
  • the tank 9 has no separator but is divided into an anaerobic layer 13 and an aerobic layer 14.
  • the anaerobic layer 13 and the aerobic layer 14 are electrodes 5 and 6 (porous carbon supported by Pt, manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc., trade name: TGP-H-090). And a thermometer was installed. Furthermore, the anaerobic layer 13 was provided with an aerator 7 as an aeration means, and air 12 was supplied from the bottom of the anaerobic layer 13. Each electrode and an electric resistance 1 ⁇ ammeter as an external circuit 4 were connected.
  • aerobic sludge (000 to 7000 mg / L as MLSS) from the upper part of the aeration tank that performs general wastewater treatment using the activated sludge method at the wastewater treatment plant in Ogaki City, Gifu Prefecture, Japan ) was obtained.
  • Example 3 in the comparative example, the powder of diatomaceous earth and obsidian, and the chemical solution of the lime slurry were not added, so the activated sludge did not aggregate in the comparative example.
  • waste water BOD 2000ppm to 3500ppm, COD 2000ppm to 3500ppm
  • the microbial fuel cell system of the comparative example could not perform continuous power generation and organic matter treatment.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de pile à combustible à micro-organismes, comprenant : une cuve anaérobie qui renferme des micro-organismes anaérobies et une électrode ; une cuve aérobie qui renferme des micro-organismes aérobies et une électrode ; un séparateur qui sépare la cuve anaérobie et la cuve aérobie ; et un circuit externe qui est connecté électriquement aux électrodes, l'électrode placée dan la cuve anaérobie constituant une électrode négative et l'électrode placée dans la cuve aérobie constituant une électrode positive. Le système de pile à combustible à micro-organismes ne nécessite pas d'ajouter de médiateur, et peut fonctionner sans générer de mauvaises odeurs si des substances organiques à faible concentration ou à concentration élevée sont utilisées.
PCT/JP2011/071660 2010-09-24 2011-09-22 Système de pile à combustible à micro-organismes, procédé de génération d'électricité et procédé de traitement de substances organiques Ceased WO2012039464A1 (fr)

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CN103872368A (zh) * 2014-01-24 2014-06-18 河海大学 交互式三室生物燃料电池装置及其应用于废水脱氮的方法
JP2015009210A (ja) * 2013-06-28 2015-01-19 メタウォーター株式会社 汚泥改質装置および汚泥改質方法、並びに汚泥改質装置の制御装置、および制御方法
CN105084554A (zh) * 2015-08-11 2015-11-25 北京大学深圳研究生院 水中微囊藻毒素的去除方法和装置
JP2016091805A (ja) * 2014-11-05 2016-05-23 国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 微生物燃料電池
CN107107132A (zh) * 2014-12-26 2017-08-29 尤妮佳股份有限公司 使用过的吸收性物品的再生方法
JP2018513017A (ja) * 2015-02-12 2018-05-24 ティーエスエヌティー グローバル カンパニー，リミテッド 土壌微生物を用いた生ごみ発酵装置および畜糞肥料化装置、これに適したバイオフィールド発生装置、これに適した微生物電池、および、これに適した微生物コンデンサ
CN110228845A (zh) * 2019-07-23 2019-09-13 烟台大学 一种交隔推流式生物电化学系统

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JP2015009210A (ja) * 2013-06-28 2015-01-19 メタウォーター株式会社 汚泥改質装置および汚泥改質方法、並びに汚泥改質装置の制御装置、および制御方法
CN103872368A (zh) * 2014-01-24 2014-06-18 河海大学 交互式三室生物燃料电池装置及其应用于废水脱氮的方法
JP2016091805A (ja) * 2014-11-05 2016-05-23 国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 微生物燃料電池
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JP2018513017A (ja) * 2015-02-12 2018-05-24 ティーエスエヌティー グローバル カンパニー，リミテッド 土壌微生物を用いた生ごみ発酵装置および畜糞肥料化装置、これに適したバイオフィールド発生装置、これに適した微生物電池、および、これに適した微生物コンデンサ
CN105084554A (zh) * 2015-08-11 2015-11-25 北京大学深圳研究生院 水中微囊藻毒素的去除方法和装置
CN110228845A (zh) * 2019-07-23 2019-09-13 烟台大学 一种交隔推流式生物电化学系统
CN110228845B (zh) * 2019-07-23 2022-02-11 烟台大学 一种交隔推流式生物电化学系统

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