WO2012028628A1 - System and method for obtaining oil and/or fat from oil- and/or fat-containing aqueous waste - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a system (100) and method for obtaining oil and/or fat from oil- or fat-containing aqueous waste or raw materials (120). The system (100) comprises a raw material delivery/feed unit (10) and a raw material storage unit (20) which has at least two raw material tanks (21). Each raw material tank (21) is designed with a cone (28). The raw material tank (21) can be heated in the cone (28). A separation assembly (30) is provided for water, fat and sediments and has at least one separation stage. A filtration assembly (40) has at least one plate filter (44), by means of which the pure fat can be obtained. A product storage assembly (50) comprises at least two heatable product storage tanks (51).

Description

 DEVICE AND METHOD FOR OBTAINING OIL AND / OR FAT FROM OIL AND / OR FAT-CONTAINING WASTE WASTE

The present invention relates to a device for recovering oil and / or grease from oil and / or greasy aqueous waste. This oil and / or greasy aqueous waste will hereinafter be referred to as raw material.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a process for recovering oil and fat from oil and / or greasy aqueous waste.

The Austrian patent 69 106 describes a clarifier for wastewater treatment with and without fat recovery. The clarifier for wastewater treatment consists of concentrically located Klärabteilungen with underlying common mud room. The Klärabteilungen form with the inner Klärabteilung a continuous orbital spiral, the spiral partition walls are provided in the sloping bottom with slots through which the sediment can slip into the central sludge space.

The patent of the German Democratic Republic DD 250 629 A3 discloses a method for the purification and reuse of waste water from the meat industry. By means of a separator, the hot cooking broth from the cooking groups is separated into fat and hot boiling water. About an intermediate container, the cooking water is fed to a loop. The cooking kettle fat is sent to a transportable grease container for recycling and the hot boiler water into a container group for cleaning water, stored temporarily and fed to a washing machine or to various cleaners for cleaning water. From the intermediate container optionally the unseparated cooking broth is conveyed into a container group for feed broth and processed as feed. Optionally, also undivided cooking broth is fed to a rotary tank and subjected to a pressure release. The resulting particulate matter as a flotate are transported by Abräumer in a collection and the purified wastewater fed back to the pressure vessel.

German Utility Model DE 295 18 862 U1 describes a grease separator. The Fettabscheidevorrichtung serves to separate fat and sludge from wastewater. For this purpose, a first stage for separating the sludge and a second stage with a working according to the principle Aufschwimmprinzip fat separator for separating the grease are provided. The first stage has a fixed sludge screen suitable for sifting out the particulate matter forming the sludge. Wastewater is passed through the sludge screen. Furthermore, the sludge screen is provided with an automatic, continuously operating screw, which serves to discharge the sludge. The mud sieve surrounds the snail like a groove.

The German translation DE 696 24 271 P2 of European patent application EP 0 956 269 B1 describes an oil separator. The invention relates to a separator, which is connected to sewage pipelines to separate oils and grease from wastewater. The deposition takes place by means of gravity alone. The sewage pipelines, which contain the oil or fat in the wastewater, come from kitchens, cafes, restaurants, kiosks, the food industry, slaughterhouses, dairies and the processing industry. British patent GB 1 16384 describes an apparatus and a method for recovering fats from slaughterhouse waste. The fat is usually present with a certain amount of water, which also carries a certain amount of sediment. For this purpose, a body is provided, which keeps the liquid relatively quiet in the upper area. In the lower part of the body there is a cross flow. The fat is separated in the quiet area by gravity from the remaining liquid. In the lower area of the remaining waste, or the sediment is transported away by the flow. British Patent Application GB 310 542 discloses an apparatus and method for extraction of fat or other materials from carcasses or slaughterhouse waste. The offal or carcasses are predigested using steam or a solvent vapor. The device comprises a screw from which a mixture of the liquid and all solid components of the digestion process of the fat of the water and other solids is continuously removed. By means of a grid, the still pressurized mixture is separated into solid and liquid components.

US Pat. No. 4,163,009 discloses a process for separating animal raw material into fat and protein fractions. The material is finely divided and circulates in a circuit containing a heating zone in which the material is heated continuously to a temperature of about 45 ° to 70 ° C. Subsequently, a stream of warm material from this cycle is rapidly brought to a higher temperature of about 85 ° C to ^~ \ 00 ° C. This rapidly heated material is immediately sent for centrifugal separation. The centrifugal separation can proceed in one or more steps, thus obtaining the two fractions of fat and protein.

The international patent application PCT / HU90 / 00063 (see also the patent DD 297 628 B5) discloses a method and a device for recovering fat and / or proteinaceous material from fatty, liquid waste, especially slaughterhouse sludge and / or slaughterhouse effluent. The liquid material is homogenized and heated to a temperature of 30 ° to 60 ° C. The warmed liquid material floats under an overpressure of 2 to 4 bar and is heated by directly introducing steam to a temperature of 130 0 to 151 ° C. The liquid is maintained under pressure and elevated temperature for a period of about 60 seconds. up to 300 sec. kept flowing. As a result, the liquid is reduced by reducing its pressure to about 0.01 to 0.02 bar for a period of 1 second. until 2 sec. adiabatically expanding. The expanded liquid is then separated into water, water and solid contaminant-containing fat, and into a moist, protein-containing solid phase. The German patent DE 10 2006 003 328.0 B1 discloses a method for obtaining fuels based on vegetable and / or animal fat waste, which in addition to fats and / or oils contain free fatty acids. The free fatty acids contained in the fatty wastes are reacted at reaction temperatures above 220 ° C with at least one polyhydric alcohol in the absence of enzymatic and solid neutral catalysts. There is thus an esterification of the free fatty acids.

German patent application DE 100 40 388 A1 relates to the production of biofuels, starting materials containing biogenic fats and / or oils, in particular returders and residues of the cosmetics and food industry. The raw materials are subjected to a purely biological treatment, with no change in the molecular structure of the starting materials and no conversion into biogas. Biofuels produced in this way can be used in a power generation plant (eg combined heat and power plant) that is directly connected to the equipment used to process the raw materials.

The German patent application DE 102 32 976 A1 relates to processes for the processing of Fettabscheideinhalten. The method comprises at least one work-up step with at least one multiphase decanter. The fat mixture has a water content between 0.1 and 5%. The patent DD 220074 B1 discloses a device for emptying

Separators, in particular of fats and settleable suspended matter. In the device proposed here, no extraction of oil or fat in a cleaning state, which is suitable for resale.

The German patent DE 42 12 456 C2 discloses a method for recycling hydrous waste fats. This document is not slaughterhouse waste. Furthermore, the phase separation is supported with a flocculant. The German patent DE 196 20 695 C1 discloses a method and a device for the adsorptive purification of vegetable and / or mineral oils and fats in multi-stage countercurrent process. Unpurified oil is fed to a first stage and contacted there with already used and partially loaded adsorbent and pre-cleaned. It is then fed to a first separation stage. After passing through this first separation stage, it is then contacted in a second stage with fresh adsorbent and then fed to a second separation stage. After this step, the cleaned and bleached oil or grease is sent for further processing. The separated out of the oil in the second separation stage components are used as already used and partially loaded adsorbent again in the first process step. These components are obtained as pumpable sludge and / or treated and exclusion of air ß in the first stage to the

promoted uncleaned oil. Again, this is not about the extraction of fat from slaughterhouse waste. US patent application US 2010/0089835 A1 and German patent application DE 196 14 612 A1 relate to methods and / or devices for recovering grease and / or oil from waste. Again, this is not about the extraction of fat from slaughterhouse waste.

The invention has for its object to provide a device with which it is possible to inexpensively win from oil and / or greasy aqueous waste pure grease on an industrial scale. Furthermore, it should be possible that the device is quasi-continuous operation and can be operated energy-efficiently.

The above object is achieved by a device for obtaining pure fat from oil and / or greasy aqueous waste, which comprises the features of claim 1. A further object of the invention is to provide a process for recovering pure grease from oil and / or greasy aqueous waste, which enables quasi-continuous and energy-efficient operation.

The above object is achieved by a method comprising the features of claim 16.

The device according to the invention for obtaining oil and / or grease from oil and / or greasy aqueous waste is characterized in that the device comprises a raw material delivery / acceptance, a raw material storage, a separation arrangement, a filtration arrangement and a product storage arrangement. The raw material storage consists of at least two raw material tanks, each of which has a cone. The cone of each Rohwarentanks is formed heated. The separation arrangement comprises a separator for water, fat, proteins and sediments, which consists of at least one separation device in which at least one intermediate layer separates an aqueous phase from a fatty phase (F). The filter arrangement consists of at least one plate filter. In the plate filter, the drawn off from the separator assembly fat is filtered, so as to gain from it the pure fat. Finally, the product storage arrangement consists of at least two heatable product storage tanks. The intermediate layer can be removed continuously or stepwise via a draw-off. The separator consists of at least two, connected in series separators, wherein the fatty phase is transportable from the previous separator to the subsequent separator by means of a line.

It is advantageous if the product arrangement consists of three product storage tanks. In this case, a product storage tank is filled with pure fat, which has a lower fatty acid content. Another product storage tank is filled with clean grease, which has a higher fatty acid content. The third product storage tank is filled with clean grease, which according to the fatty acid fraction is a mixture of the two previous product storage tanks. The pro- Duct storage tanks are also heatable, so that the clean grease is kept at a viscosity that this can be transported with a pump to cars.

The separator for water, grease and sediment (sand) has several chambers. By means of this design with the several chambers, it is possible to carry out the separation of the individual components into water, fat and sediments (sand) in the individual chambers.

In the event that three product storage tanks are provided, which differ in terms of the above-described fatty acid content in the pure fat, it is possible that one can produce a waste for the delivery of the recovered pure fat, so that the customer a desired proportion of fatty acid in the pure fat can be adjusted.

The raw material delivery / acceptance comprises at least one raw material trough for receiving the raw material. Each of the Rohwarenmulde has a screw through which the raw material is conveyed into a filling container. For this purpose, the filling container is provided with a line in which a piston pump is mounted. By means of the piston pump, the raw material is conveyed via a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger can be fed with hot water and thus transfers the corresponding heat energy to the transported in the pipe raw material. By means of the heat exchanger, it is possible to adjust the raw material to a first temperature. The raw material reaches the raw material tanks at this temperature.

The raw material tanks constitute the raw material storage. At least one raw material tank is planned for the raw material storage. The raw material tank has formed a lower cone. The cone is associated with a heater, so that the raw material can be kept inside the Rohwarentanks at a certain temperature. It is advisable to keep the raw material at a temperature such that the raw material can be processed or conveyed with the devices connected downstream of the raw material tanks. The device further comprises a plurality of supply lines, one line being a steam line, another line being a cooling water line, and another line being a compressed air line. Further, an exhaust duct is provided, can be removed via the exhaust air from the various devices of the device. In addition, the device is provided with a sewer line that ends in a sewage treatment plant. Furthermore, the system is provided with a cooling water return. From the steam line, a branch leads to each of the tube goods tanks. With the diversion, it is thus possible to heat the raw material in the raw material tank by direct steam injection. The direct steam injection heats the raw material to a second temperature, which is higher than the first temperature at which the raw material is introduced into the raw material tanks.

In addition to the raw material tanks, a sorting screen is connected downstream. The sorting rake can be supplied with the raw material via a lock arrangement. The sorting rake is used to coarse parts, such. As gloves, butchers, etc. from the raw material to remove. The sorting rake is also made heatable. With the sorting screen only coarse parts larger than 30 mm are separated. With the aid of a conditioning pump and a tube heat exchanger, the raw material is conveyed via a line to a conditioning vessel. In the conditioning tank also opens another branch from the steam line. The raw material can also be heated in the conditioning tank with direct steam injection. By direct steam injection, the raw material is brought to a third temperature, which is above the second temperature of the raw material in the raw material tank. The raw material is, as already mentioned, pumped by means of the conditioning pump through a meandering tube bundle heat exchanger in the conditioning. The downstream of the Rohwarentank Schleusenanordnung is assigned a line that leads to a container for sand.

In the conditioning tank, the raw material enters the separation assembly. In the conditioning tank a lock is also downstream, with a valve system, the task of the raw material in the grease is regulated. The overflow in the conditioning tank is firmly held by an overflow ring. Here, the pros fat phase already deducted. In the lower cone, or in the lower area, high-fat water is removed with sand from the conditioning tank. The high-fat water passes through the lock with sand into the grease / water / sand separator. The separator has several chambers. The upper part of the separator is connected to a pipe. The grease can be removed via this line and can thus be fed to a dryer.

In the lower part of the separator a sand screw is provided. Via a pipe the sand can be transported to a sand drainage. From the sand dewater, the dewatered sand reaches the container for receiving the sand.

Another chamber is connected to a line that promotes sand by means of a sand screw of the separator sand directly to the container. Another chamber is connected to a line which opens into a sewer pipe. In this sewer pipe a wastewater pump is provided, the water, which still contains some sand, transported out of the separator. Furthermore, several heat exchangers are arranged in the sewer, which reduce the temperature of the waste water to a temperature such that the wastewater without hesitation in a sewage treatment plant (preferably a biological wastewater treatment plant) can be converted.

The filtration assembly according to the present invention comprises at least one plate filter which receives, via a conduit in which a filter pump is disposed, the aided crude fat from a filter tank. In the filter tank, the crude grease from the dryer is mixed with the filter aid and homogenized. The filter pump presses the homogenized and filter medium offset crude grease through the plate filter. The plate filter is followed by a police filter and a product cooler. The pure grease can be removed from the plate filter via a suitable line.

After the product cooler, which reduces the clean fat to a fifth temperature, the clean grease is fed via a line to at least one product tank. Further Each of the product tanks is provided with a heater to keep the clean grease stored in the product tank at a temperature such that the clean grease remains pumpable with a pump for loading onto a truck. As already mentioned, the product storage arrangement is advantageously equipped with three product tanks, which differ in terms of the fatty acid content in the pure fat.

The inventive method for recovering oil and / or fat from oil and / or greasy aqueous waste is characterized by a variety of steps. The oily and / or greasy aqueous waste is referred to as raw material. The raw material is delivered to a raw material delivery / acceptance in liquid to solid state. Likewise, the composition of the raw material is determined, depending on the determination of the composition of the raw material, this water is added or withdrawn water, so that the raw material is fed to the process at a substantially constant mixing ratio. The raw material as the input material for the device, or the process comprises fat ingredients in a proportion of 5% to 50%. The water content of the raw material has a share of 50% to 70%. Solids have a share of 8% to 12% of the raw material. The starting materials obtained by the process are fat, which has a fatty acid content of 20% to 80%. Another starting material is water, which consists of 98% water. The source material sand still has a water content of 40%. The raw material with a fat content of 5% to 50% is delivered with collecting trucks and temporarily stored in at least one raw material trough. Preferably, there are two Rohgutmulden available. The raw material falls liquid to firm, so that the trough is equipped with large screws. With this screw, the raw material is transported to a filling container. From the filling container, the raw material is transported to at least two raw material tanks by means of a piston pump, which is arranged in a line. The pipe is provided with a heat exchanger so that the raw material is brought to a first temperature before being introduced into the raw material tanks. The heat exchanger is more preferable Way designed as meandering erected double-shell heat exchanger. Preferably, two raw material tanks are available.

The raw material is displayed in the at least two raw material tanks via a branch from a steam line by direct steam injection to a second temperature. Furthermore, each raw material tank has formed a cone to which a heater is assigned. About the heater, the raw material can be kept in the raw material tanks at a temperature that makes it possible to further process the raw material with the following devices, or to promote the raw material through the dedicated lines. The raw material is also fed to a sorting screen in at least two raw material tanks. The sorting screen is also heatable, so that the processing of the raw material is guaranteed with the sorting rake. The sorting rake serves to remove coarse and foreign parts from the raw material. The cleaned with the sorting machine raw material is heated by a tube heat exchanger to a third temperature and transferred via a correspondingly arranged line in a conditioning. In the conditioning tank, the raw material is heated by direct steam injection from a branch of the steam line to a fourth temperature. The heated to the fourth temperature raw material passes from the conditioning in a multi-chamber separator. From the upper part of the conditioning tank, grease is fed directly to a mixing condenser. From the upper part of the separator, grease is drawn off with a line and fed to a dryer. The fat from the dryer is added to a filter tank with filter aid and homogenized. Subsequently, the homogenized mixture of fat and filter aid is fed by means of a filter pump to a plate filter. Pure grease is removed from the plate filter by means of a line and passed through a police filter and a downstream product cooler. The product cooler is used to adjust the clean grease to a fifth temperature, with which the clean grease is transferred to the at least one of the several product tanks. The temperatures preferably set in the method are selected such that the first temperature is lower than the second temperature. The second temperature is less than the third temperature. The third temperature is less than the fourth temperature. The fifth temperature, however, is less than the fourth temperature and greater than the third temperature.

The raw material heated to the fourth temperature is transferred from the conditioning tank into a separator (32), which consists of at least one separating device, in which an aqueous phase is separated from a fatty phase by an intermediate layer. From the at least one separating device, the intermediate layer is withdrawn continuously or stepwise. The greasy phase is transported by means of a line from the at least one separating device to a dryer.

According to one embodiment of the method, this takes place in the separator in such a way that the separator, which is made up of grease / water / sand, is fed to the separator via a lock downstream of the conditioning container. In a lower area of the separator, a sand screw is provided, which is connected via a pipe with a sand drainage. The dewatered sand passes through a pipe to a container for sand. In another chamber, a low-pressure floatation is carried out in order to further separate floatable substances. The chamber is connected to a conduit through which sand is conveyed to the container for sand by means of a sand screw. Furthermore, a further chamber is provided with a line which opens into a sewer line. In the sewer, a wastewater pump and a plurality of heat exchangers are arranged so that the temperature of the withdrawn from the chamber water withdrawn water is lowered so that it can be safely fed to a downstream treatment plant. In the following, embodiments of the invention and their advantages will be explained in more detail with reference to the attached figures. The size ratios of the individual elements do not always correspond to the real size ratios, as some Simplified shapes and other forms are shown enlarged in relation to the other elements for ease of illustration.

Figure 1 shows the sequence within the device for the extraction of oil and / or fat from oil and / or fatty aqueous wastes from delivery to loading;

FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of the device for obtaining

 Oil and / or grease from oil and / or greasy aqueous wastes, wherein in addition to the device, there are provided peripheral arrangements necessary for the operation of the device.

FIG. 3 shows a representation of the raw material delivery / acceptance and the supply lines for the device for obtaining oil and / or fat from oil and / or greasy aqueous waste.

FIG. 4 shows a schematic embodiment of the raw material storage, the raw material transferred from the raw material delivery / acceptance.

FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of the separating arrangement with which the

 Raw material consisting of fat, water and sediment (sand), in which the individual components are separated.

Figure 5a shows an embodiment of the separator for separating the grease from the water.

FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of the filtration arrangement with which the grease removed from the separating arrangement is filtered to clean grease.

Figure 7 shows a schematic representation of the product storage arrangement and at the same time a transfer of pure grease (product) in trucks for transport. Figure 8 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a recycling system in which the device for recovering oil and / or fat from oil and greasy aqueous waste is also included. For identical or equivalent elements of the invention, identical reference numerals are used. Furthermore, for the sake of clarity, only reference symbols are shown in the individual figures, which are required for the description of the respective figure. The illustrated embodiments represent only examples of how the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention can be configured and thus do not represent a conclusive limitation of the invention.

Figure 1 shows the sequence within the device 100 for the recovery of oil and / or fat from oil and / or fatty aqueous wastes (raw 120) from delivery to loading. The aqueous wastes which, in addition to the fatty constituent, also contain sands and other constituents that can not be processed (such as textile waste, metallic waste or plastic waste), are tilted in the case of truck delivery 130 into a retirement well 1 1 (see FIG. 3). Each delivery (raw product 120) is brought to a comminution 201 with in each case one pump 14 (or pumping system). From the comminution 201, the raw material is at least one raw material tank 21. From the raw material tanks 21, the raw product 120 to be treated passes to a sand separator 202. This is followed by a separator 203 for contaminants, which may already be present as fine contaminants. The raw material 120, which has been cleaned to remove the coarse particles, is conveyed to a conditioning container 27 and then to a buffer container 204. Since the raw product 120 is supplied with varying proportions of water, fat, sand and other constituents, it is recommended that the percentage be delivered 130 To determine the composition of the raw product 120, thus to drive the process of obtaining pure fat from the slaughterhouse waste with substantially equal proportions of ingredients. From the buffer container 204, the raw product 120 reaches a separator 32 which, in the embodiment described in FIG. 1, is formed with separation stages 320 i and 320 ₂ connected in series. It will be understood by one skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to two stages 320i and 320 ₂ . From the separation stages 320i and 320 ₂ , sludge 322 can be withdrawn. Furthermore, ₂ wastewater is withdrawn from the separation stages 320i and 320 that is fed via a filter 205 to a sewage treatment plant 2 (see FIG. 8). With the filter 205 still suspended matter can be removed from the withdrawn wastewater. From the last separation stage 320 _{2 of} the separator 32, the fat passes to the filtration 40 and from there into at least one end product storage tank 50. Finally, the loading takes place on the corresponding trucks 54 from the end product storage tank 50.

Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of the structure of the device 100 for recovering oil and / or fat from oil and / or greasy aqueous waste. The oily and / or greasy aqueous waste will hereinafter be referred to as raw 120. The raw product 120 is delivered to the raw material delivery / acceptance 10. From raw material delivery / acceptance 10, the raw product 120 passes into a raw material storage 20. The raw material storage 20 has at least two raw material tanks 21 (see FIG. 4). The raw material storage 20 is a separating arrangement 30 downstream. With the separating arrangement 30, it is possible to separate the raw material 120 into the corresponding proportions of water, fat and sediments (sand). The separation arrangement is further downstream of a filtration arrangement 40. With the filtration assembly 40 pure grease can be generated. From the filtration arrangement 40, the recovered pure fat passes into a product storage arrangement 50, which consists of at least two heatable product tanks 51 (see FIG. 7). The device 100 for extracting oil and / or grease from raw material 120 is also associated with a plurality of peripheral systems, which are required for the smooth operation of the device 100. Waste water 121 from the water supply network passes to a water treatment 122. Likewise, a storage 123 is provided by energy sources. Together with the water 121 from the water treatment 122 and the storage 123 for the energy carrier steam is generated in a steam generator 124. The steam generated in the steam generator 124 can be supplied to the raw material storage 20 and to the separating arrangement 30. The steam generator 124 itself is connected to a chimney 125, via which the exhaust gases are discharged to the ambient air. From the separating arrangement 30, wastewater passes to a wastewater treatment 126, which in turn is connected via a line to the steam generator 124, so that this purified wastewater can be supplied. From the wastewater treatment 126, the wastewater enters a pump shaft 127 and from there the waste water can be transferred to the public sewerage system 128. From the separation arrangement 30 sediments (sand) are also removed via a line 132. Likewise, the filtration assembly 40 is connected to a conduit 140 through which filter aids can be removed. The raw material delivery 10, the raw material storage 20, the separating arrangement 30, the filtration arrangement 40 and the product storage arrangement 50 are connected via a line system 150 to an exhaust air treatment device 160. The exhaust air treatment device 160 may be formed as a biological exhaust air treatment. From the exhaust air treatment arrangement 160, the air finally reaches the exhaust air 161.

FIG. 3 shows a more detailed representation of the raw material delivery / acceptance 10. The raw product 120 consists essentially of preconcentrated grease separator contents. The grease separator contents have a fat content of 5% to 50% and are delivered with a corresponding collection truck 130. From the collecting truck 130, the raw product 120 is tilted into at least one Rohwarenmulde 1 1, or spent. It is advantageous for the device 100 that two raw material troughs 1 1 are available for a daily production to be processed with the device 100. If two raw material troughs 1 1 are provided, it is possible that two trucks can be unloaded in parallel. In the Rohwarenmulde 1 1 the delivered from the truck 130 raw 120 is added. The raw product 120 can accumulate liquid to the part. For transporting the raw product 120 from the Rohwarenmulde 1 1 a screw 12 is provided in each case. Each of these screws 12 för- dert the raw product 120 in a filling container 13. From the filling container 13, the raw product 120 is conveyed with a further screw 17 to the piston pump 14. The piston pump 14 pumps the raw product 120 via a line 16 to at least one raw material tank 21 (see FIG. 4). For heating the raw product 120, a heat exchanger 15 is provided in the conduit 16. The heat exchanger 15 is preferably designed as a meander-shaped jacketed heat exchanger. With the heat exchanger 15, the raw product 120 is heated to a first temperature. The heat exchanger 15 is supplied with hot water 18. In a preferred embodiment, the heat exchanger 15 is used to heat the raw product 120 from about 10 ° C to 20 ^ to 25 ° C.

In the illustration shown in FIG. 3, the supply lines required for the operation of the device 100 are also shown. Via a steam line 101, the device 100 can be supplied with the steam required for processing and heating the raw product 120. The vapor is present in the steam line 101 at a certain pressure and temperature. A cooling water line 102 provides the device 100 with the required cooling water. The cooling water is guided in the cooling water line 102 under a defined pressure. Likewise, the device 100 is provided with compressed air via a compressed air line 103. The compressed air is present in the compressed air line 103 also at a predefined pressure. Further, the device 100 is associated with a line 105 for the cooling water return. Of the various systems of the device 100, the cooling water passes to the line 105 and may optionally continue to be used within the device 100 for cooling the products.

FIG. 4 shows the section of the device 100 which represents the raw material storage 20. The raw material storage 20 comprises at least one raw material tank 21. Via the line 16, the raw product 120 is conveyed into the at least one raw material tank 21 with the piston pump 14 (FIG. 3). Preferably, two raw material tanks 21 are available for receiving the raw product 120. Each of the raw material tanks 21 has a cone 28 formed. In the region of the cone 28, a heater 29 is provided. With the heater 29 thus the cone 28 is heated, so that the raw product 120 can be kept in the raw material tank 21 at the temperature required for further processing. From the steam line 101 of the device 100, a branch 101 1 leads into the raw material tank 21. With the branch 101 1, it is possible to heat the raw product 120 in the raw material tank 21 to a second temperature by direct steam injection. The second temperature is higher than the first temperature. Preferably, the raw product 120 is heated in the raw material tank 21 by the direct steam injection to a temperature of 50 ° C to 60 ° C. The temperature of the raw product 120 in the raw material tank 21 is preferably 55 ° C. Optionally, there is the possibility that three raw material tanks 21 are set up for receiving the raw product 120. Each Rohwarentank 21 is a lock 22 downstream. About this lock 22, the raw product 120 can be metered onto a sorting screen 23. With the sorting screen 23, it is possible coarse parts such. As gloves, butchers, etc. from the raw product 120 to remove. By the sorting rake 23 coarse pieces of a size that is greater than 30 mm, separated from the raw product 120. The sorting rake 23 is designed to be heatable. The crude product 120, which has been cleaned to remove the coarse particles, passes to a conditioning pump 24 via the line 21 _L. The conditioning pump 24 conveys the raw product 120 to a conditioning container 27. The line 21 _L is likewise assigned a tube heat exchanger 26. The raw material 120 conveyed via the line 21 _L is heated by the tube heat exchanger 26 to a third temperature. The third temperature is above the second temperature. Preferably, the third temperature is in the range of 65 ° C to 75 ° C. The conditioning tank 27 is also connected to a branch 101 _{2 of} the steam line 101. By direct steam injection, the raw product 120 in the conditioning container 27 is heated to a fourth temperature. Preferably, the fourth temperature between 90 ° C and 100 ° C is heated. By this heating, the fat is melted and adhering fat components separated from the sand, or sediment. Between the lock assembly 22 and the sorting screen 23, a line 22 _{L is} provided, can be transported through the sand to a container 25 for the sand. Via a line 27 _L , the pre-greasing phase can already be withdrawn from the conditioning tank 27. This prefixing phase is fed via the line 27 _{L to} the mixing condenser 36 (see FIG. 5).

FIG. 5 shows a detailed representation of the separating arrangement 30 of the device 100. The conditioning container 27 has formed a cone 27 _K in the lower region. For the Konus 27 _K , high-fat water is extracted with steam. The conditioning tank 27 is followed by a lock 31 through which the high-fat water and the sand reach the separator 32. The separator 32 has a plurality of chambers 32 _{1 5} 32 ₂ , 32 ₃ and 32 _{4 is} formed. In the separator 32, the fat is separated from the water, protein components and the sand or sludge. The upper portion 32 _{0 of} the separator 32 is connected to a line 32 _4L . The grease can be withdrawn from the separator 32 via this line 32 _4L and can be fed to a dryer 41 (see FIG. 6). In a lower portion 32u of the separator 32, a sand screw 33 is provided, which is connected via a line 32 _3L with a Sandentwässerer 37. In the sand dewater 37, the water removed from the lower portion 32u of the separator 32 is deprived of the water to a certain percentage. The partially dewatered sand is conveyed via line 32 _3L to the container 25 for the sand. A chamber 32 ₂ is connected to a line 32 ₂ i_. Sand can be conveyed to the container 25 for the sand by means of a sand screw 39 via this line 32 ₂ . In the chamber 32 ₂ , a low-pressure floatation is carried out in order to further separate floatable substances. The resulting flotate is transported via the sand screw 38, and the sand screw 39 to the container 25.

A chamber 32 ^ of the separator assembly 30 is connected to a line 32 _{1 L.} A little sand will settle in this chamber. This chamber 32 ^ serves as an overflow for the water. The line 32 _{1 L} opens into a sewer line 106. As shown in Figure 6, in the sewer line 106, a wastewater pump 1 10, and a plurality of heat exchangers 1 1 1 and 1 12 are arranged. About the heat exchanger 1 1 1 and 1 12, the temperature of the withdrawn from the chamber 32 water can be lowered so that it can be fed to a downstream treatment plant 2. The downstream treatment plant 2 (see Figure 8) is preferably designed as a biological treatment plant.

The pre-fat phase, or the steam tufts from the raw material tanks 21, or from the conditioning tank 27, as shown in Figure 5, fed to the mixing condenser 36. The prefilter phase obtained in the mixing condenser 36 is also supplied to the separator 32 via a line 36 _L. The exhaust air from the mixing condenser 36 enters an exhaust duct 104 of the device 100.

The waste water, which is withdrawn from the chamber 32 via the line 32 _{1 L} from the separator 32, passes through the heat exchanger 1 1 1 and 1 12 and is brought to a temperature such that it can be fed to a downstream treatment plant 2. Here it has to be ensured that the temperature of the wastewater before it reaches the treatment plant 2 does not exceed 30 ° C. The heat exchanger 1 1 1 has the task of generating Sekundärheizwasser, which is used to increase the temperature of the raw product 120 by means of the heat exchanger 26, for example 55 ° C to 69 Ό. Furthermore, the Sekundärheizwasser can be used to heat the raw product 120 of 1 CO to about 22 ° C with the heat exchanger 15. Through the heat exchanger 1 1 1, the waste water in the sewer line 106 is cooled from 95 ° C to about 55 ° C.

The second heat exchanger 1 12 in the sewer line 106 has the task to cool the waste water of 55 ° C to the desired outlet temperature, for example 30 ° C, with the waste water is transferred to the treatment plant 2.

As already described in FIG. 5, the grease in the upper region 32 _{0 of} the separator 32 is withdrawn via the line 32 _4L . For this purpose, a crude fat pump 35 is arranged in the line 32 _4L . The withdrawn from the separator 32 crude fat still contains moisture and suspended solids, from which it must be released.

As already indicated in FIG. 1, to separate the fat from the undesired constituents of the separators 32, a plurality of separating stages 320i and 320 _{2 may be included} , which are connected in series. In Figure 5a, the embodiment is illustrated that the separator 32 comprises two separation stages 320i and 320 ₂ , which can not be construed as a limitation of the invention. From the first separation stage 320i to the next separation stage 320 ₂ , an increasing purity of the fat which can be obtained with the device 100 according to the invention is achieved. In each of the separation stages 320i and 320 ₂ , a separation of the aqueous phase W and the fatty phase F results. Between the aqueous phase W and the fatty phase F, an intermediate layer Z comprising protein constituents is formed. The intermediate layer Z is a hindrance for the migration of the fat particles from the aqueous phase W into the fat-containing phase F. In each separation stage 320i and 320 ₂ , the intermediate layer Z is stripped to promote the separation of fat and water. The fat-containing phase F of a preceding separation stage 320i is introduced into the following separation stage 320 ₂ by means of a line 321 _! converted. Analog can proceed with the following separation stage 320 ₂ . From separation stage 320i to separation stage 320 ₂ , a higher degree of purity of the fat from the waste is achieved. The intermediate layer Z can be withdrawn continuously or stepwise via a trigger 320 _A.

FIG. 6 shows a more detailed view of the filtration arrangement 40. The crude grease passes via the line 32 _4L to a dryer 41. This dryer 41 serves to separate the residual moisture from the crude fat. In the dryer 41, the fat is dried with the aid of vacuum (100 mbar). About 1% of water then go together with the air flow via the line 41 _L to a vacuum condenser 49, in which the water condenses out. Thanks to gravity, the dried crude grease enters a filter tank 42. Filter aid 45 is added here by means of a big-bag metering system and a lock 43. In the filter tank 42, the crude fat is homogenized. This homogenized crude fat is conveyed via a filter pump 49, which is arranged in a line 42 _L , to a plate filter 44. In the plate filter 44, the crude fat is filtered. The plates of the plate filter 44 can be removed by means of a crane track (not shown). For the storage and cleaning of the plates (not shown), in addition to the plate filters 44 a corresponding frame (not shown). provides). Connected to the plate filter 44 is a conduit 44 _L which carries the filtered clean grease via a police filter 47 and a downstream product cooler 48. The product cooler 48 lowers the temperature of the clean fat to a fifth temperature. The fifth temperature is dimensioned such that it is smaller than the fourth temperature. Preferably, the fifth temperature is 80 ° C. Via a line 48 _L , the pure fat cooled down to the fifth temperature reaches the product storage arrangement 50, which is shown in FIG.

The product storage assembly 50 includes at least one product storage tank 51. In a preferred embodiment, the product storage assembly has three product tanks 51. Each of the product storage tanks 51 is provided with a heater 52. Via the heater 52, the fat present in the product storage tanks 51 can be heated with hot water from the secondary hot water circuit. As already mentioned in the description of FIG. 6, the clean grease passes via the line 48 _L into the corresponding product storage tank 51. The heater 52 in the product storage tank 51 serves to keep the clean grease in a pumpable state. Via a line 51 _L , the clean grease can be removed from the product storage tanks 51. A pump 53 conveys the clean grease to corresponding trucks 54, which serve to remove the clean fat. Preferably, the device 100 comprises three product storage tanks 51. This is located in a product storage tank 51 pure fat with a high content of fatty acid. In another product storage tank 51 is stored pure fat with a low fatty acid content. In a further product storage tank 51, clean grease is stored with a blend of the two previous product storage tanks 51, so that a mixing of the fatty acid content of the two previous product storage tanks 51 is adjustable. As already mentioned, by the pump 53, the clean grease can be pumped onto the trucks 54. Depending on the customer's wishes, the fatty acid content of the pure fat can be set in a defined manner by means of a suitable mixture of the three product storage tanks 51.

Figure 8 shows a schematic representation of the classification of the inventive device for the recovery of oil and / or fat from oil and / or greasy aqueous waste in a recycling system. 1 Here is the device 100 for the production of oil and / or fat from oil and / or greasy aqueous waste and a device 4 for generating carbon of a sewage treatment plant 2 assigned. The flow of material within this recycling system 1 is shown in order also to clarify the integration of the device 100 into the recycling system 1. The sewage treatment plant 2 consists of the energy range 2a, the clarification area 2b and the ventilation area 2c. In the energy range 2a thermal and electrical energy can be generated. In the treatment area 2b of the sewage treatment plant, an aerobic clarification and / or an anaerobic clarification can be carried out. In the ventilation region 2c, the exhaust air of the device 100 for obtaining oil and / or grease and the device 4 for producing carbon and / or the slurry of water and carbon is cleaned with a biofilter.

On the input side 1 _a of the recycling system is fed to the clarification zone 2b of the sewage treatment plant municipal wastewater 70th Aqueous grease separator contents (raw 120) go to the device 100 to extract pure fat therefrom. The organic waste 72, such as. As green bin or other biomass, passes to the device 4 for the recovery of carbon and / or a slurry of water and carbon. Via a sewer line 106, the wastewater from the device 100 for recovery of pure fat in the treatment area 2b of the treatment plant 2. Similarly, the exhaust air is supplied via an exhaust duct 104 from the device 100 for recovering pure grease the aeration area 2c of the treatment plant 2. Via a sewer line 75, the wastewater from the means 4 for recovering carbon and / or a slurry of water and carbon to the clarification area 2b of the treatment plant 2 passes parallel to the exhaust air via an exhaust duct 76 to the aeration area 2c of the sewage treatment plant. 2

In the embodiment of the recycling system shown here, sewage sludge 80, which is fed to combustion, is output on the output side 1 _from the recycling system 1 from the clarification area 2b of the sewage treatment plant 2. This sewage sludge can also be fed directly to the device 4 for the recovery of carbon and / or a slurry of water and carbon. Purified water 82 can be discharged directly from the clarification area 2b of the sewage treatment plant to a river. The purified water 82 may also be supplied to the means 4 for recovering carbon and / or a slurry of water and carbon. The device 100 provides pure fat 83, which contains a certain amount of fatty acid. In the embodiment shown here, the device 4 for obtaining carbon and / or a slurry of water and carbon provides coal 84, which represents a CO 2 -neutral fuel. On the input side 1 _e i _n of the recycling system 1 gives a disposal yield and on the output side 1 _of the recycling system 1 obtains a sales revenue from the pure fat, which contains a certain percentage of fatty acids. Likewise, the recycling system 1 obtains coal 84 as CO 2 -neutral fuel which can be used for co-firing in fossil power plants.

The invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or changes may be made to the invention without departing from the scope of the following claims.

Claims

claims 1 . Apparatus (100) for recovering oil and / or grease from oil and / or greasy aqueous waste (120), characterized in that the apparatus (100) comprises a raw material delivery / receipt (10); a raw material storage (20) having at least two raw material tanks (21), which has formed a cone (28) and in the cone (28) is heated; a separation arrangement (30) with a separator (32) for water, fat, proteins and sediments, which consists of at least one separation device (320i, 320 ₂ ), in which an intermediate layer (Z) comprises an aqueous phase (W) of a fatty phase (F) separates; a filtration assembly (40) comprising at least one plate filter (44) and a product storage assembly (50) consisting of at least two heatable product storage tanks (51). 2. Device according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate layer (Z) via a trigger (320 _A ) is continuously or gradually withdrawn. 3. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the separator (32) consists of at least two, connected in series separation means (320 _{1 5} 320 ₂ ), wherein the fatty phase (F) from the preceding separation device (320i) to the subsequent separation device ( 320 ₂ ) by means of a conduit (321 i) is transportable. 4. Device according to claim 1, wherein the separator (32) comprises a plurality of chambers (32 _{1 5} 32 ₂ , 32 ₃ , 32 ₄ ). 5. Device (100) according to claim 1, wherein the raw material delivery / -nahähme (10) has formed at least one Rohwarenmulde (1 1) for receiving the raw product (120), wherein the Rohwarenmulde (1 1) with at least one screw (12). is equipped, via which the raw material (120) in a filling container (13) can be brought and that in a line (16) a piston pump (14) is mounted, by means of which the raw material (120) via a first heat exchanger (15) is föderbar , 6. Device (100) according to the preceding claims, wherein the raw material storage (20) has at least one raw material tank (21) to which via the line (16) raw material (120) can be fed, that the at least one raw material tank (21) has a cone ( 28), which is provided with a heater (29), and that from a steam line (101) has a branch (101 1) in the raw material tank (21), so that the raw product (120) is heated by direct steam injection. 7. The device (100) according to claim 6, wherein the at least one raw material tank (21) a sorting screen (23) is connected downstream, via a lock arrangement (22) the raw material (120) can be supplied, wherein the sorting rake (23) via a line (21 _L ), in which a conditioning pump (24) and a tube heat exchanger (26) are provided, with a conditioning container (27) is connected and in that a branch (101 ₂ ) leads from the steam line (101) into the conditioning tank (27), so that the raw material (120) can be heated by direct steam injection. 8. Device (100) according to claim 7, wherein of the lock arrangement (22) a line (22 _L ) leads to a container (25) for sand. 9. Device (100) according to the preceding claims, wherein the separator (32) or the separating means (320i, 320 ₂ ) a plurality of chambers (32 _{1 5} 32 ₂ , 32 ₃ , 32 ₄ ) have formed and which via a conditioning container (100). 27) downstream lock (31), the raw material of fat / water / sand can be fed. 10. Device (100) according to claim 9, wherein in a lower region (32u) of the separator (32) or the separation devices (320i, 320 ₂ ) a sand screw (33) is provided, which is connected via a line (32 _3L ). is connected to a Sandentwässerer (37) and wherein the dewatered sand via the line (32 _3L ) to the container (25) for sand passes. 1 1. Device (100) according to claim 9, wherein a chamber (32 ₂ ) is connected to a duct (32 _2L ) which conveys sand to the sand container (25) by means of a sand auger (38). 12. Device (100) according to claim 9, wherein a chamber (32 ^ with a line (32 _{1 L} ) is connected, which opens into a sewer line (106) in which a wastewater serpumpe (1 10) and a plurality of heat exchangers (1 1 1, 1 12) are arranged, via which the temperature of the withdrawn from the chamber (32 ^ water is lowered so that it can be fed to a downstream treatment plant (2). 13. Device (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the filtration arrangement (40) comprises at least one plate filter (44) via a line (42 _L ), in which a filter pump (49) is arranged, with filter aid staggered crude fat from a filter tank (42) receives. 14. Device (100) according to claim 13, wherein a line (44 _L ) connects the plate filter (44) to a police filter (47) and a downstream product cooler (48), wherein via the line (44 _L ) from the plate filter (44 ) Pure grease is removable. A device (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the product storage assembly (50) comprises a plurality of product storage tanks (51) each connected to a conduit (48 _L ) from the product cooler (48) and wherein each of the product storage tanks (51 ) has a heater (52) to keep the clean grease in the pumpable state. 16. A process for the production of oil and / or fat from oil and / or greasy aqueous waste or raw material, characterized by the following steps: • that the raw product (120) is delivered to a raw material delivery / -meähme (10) in the liquid to solid state and transported with at least one screw (12) to a filling container (13) and the composition of the raw product (120) is determined; That, depending on the determination of the raw material (120), water is added or water is removed so that the raw material (120) is fed into the process at a substantially constant mixing ratio; • that the raw material (120) from the filling container (13) by means of a piston pump (14) and a line (16) to at least two Rohwarentanks (21) is transported and wherein the conduit (16) via a heat exchanger (15) is guided bringing the raw material to a first temperature; • that the raw material (120) in the at least two raw material tanks (21) is heated via a branch (101 1) from a steam line (101) by direct steam injection to a second temperature and that a heater (29) on the cone (28) of the raw material tanks (21) holding the raw product (120) at the second temperature; That the raw material from the at least two raw material tanks (21) is fed to a sorting screen (23), so that the coarse and foreign parts are removed from the raw material (120) and that the raw material (120) via a tube heat exchanger (26) to a third Heated temperature and is transferred to a Konditionierbehäl- ter (27), wherein in the conditioning tank (27) the raw material (120) is heated by direct steam injection from a branch (101 ₂ ) of the steam line (101) to a fourth temperature; • that the raw product (120) heated to the fourth temperature is transferred from the conditioning container (27) into a separator (32) which consists of at least one separating device (320i, 320 ₂ ) in which an aqueous phase (W) of a fat-containing phase (F) is separated by an intermediate layer (Z); • that from the at least one separating device (320i, 320 ₂ ) the intermediate layer (Z) is withdrawn continuously or stepwise and wherein the fatty phase (F) by means of a line (321 ^ from the at least one separating device (320 _{1 5} 320 ₂ ) to a dryer (41) is transported; • that the fat from the dryer (41) in a filter tank (42) with filter aid is added and homogenized and then by means of a filter pump (49) is fed to a plate filter (44); and • that clean grease removed from the plate filter (44) via a conduit (44 _L ) is passed through a police filter (47) and a downstream product cooler (48) which adjusts the clean grease to a fifth temperature at which the clean grease enters at least one of the plurality Product storage tanks (51) is transferred. The method of claim 16, wherein the first temperature is less than the second temperature, the second temperature is less than the third temperature, the third Temperature is less than the fourth temperature and the fifth temperature is less than the fourth and greater than the third temperature. 18. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 16 to 17, wherein the product storage arrangement (50) comprises three heatable product tanks (21), wherein a product tank (21) is filled with pure fat having a high fatty acid content, another product tank (21) Pure fat is filled with a lower fatty acid content and a last product tank (21) is filled with pure fat with a fatty acid content, which represents a blend of the two previous product tanks (21) and that any fatty acid content of the pure fat when loaded on a truck is adjusted by selective mixing of the three product tanks (21).