WO2012026419A1 - 冷延鋼板およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
冷延鋼板およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012026419A1 WO2012026419A1 PCT/JP2011/068854 JP2011068854W WO2012026419A1 WO 2012026419 A1 WO2012026419 A1 WO 2012026419A1 JP 2011068854 W JP2011068854 W JP 2011068854W WO 2012026419 A1 WO2012026419 A1 WO 2012026419A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0273—Final recrystallisation annealing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cold-rolled steel sheet and a manufacturing method thereof. More specifically, the present invention relates to a cold-rolled steel sheet having high workability while having high strength, and a method for producing a cold-rolled steel sheet having excellent material stability.
- the first method is to add a large amount of elements that suppress grain growth, such as Ti, Nb, Mo, etc., thereby refining austenite grains generated during annealing after cold rolling, and then austenite by cooling. This is a method for refining the ferrite grains produced by transformation from.
- the second method is a method in which heating in the austenite single phase region in the annealing is performed by rapid heating and holding for an extremely short time to prevent the coarsening of the structure.
- the third method is a method in which cold rolling and annealing are performed on a hot-rolled steel sheet obtained by quenching immediately after hot rolling.
- this method for producing a hot-rolled steel sheet may be referred to as a rapid cooling method.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a cold-rolled steel sheet having a steel structure mainly composed of ferrite having an average particle size of 3.5 ⁇ m or less.
- Patent Document 2 has a structure having ferrite and a low-temperature transformation phase composed of one or more of martensite, bainite, and residual ⁇ (residual austenite), and the average crystal grain size of the low-temperature transformation phase is 2 ⁇ m.
- a cold-rolled steel sheet having a volume ratio of 10 to 50% is disclosed.
- Patent Document 3 discloses that a hot rolled steel sheet wound up at 500 ° C. or higher is cold-rolled and then rapidly heated from room temperature to 750 ° C. at 30 ° C./second or higher.
- Patent Document 4 regarding a method for producing a bake-hardening high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet, a hot-rolled steel sheet obtained by normal hot rolling is cold-rolled, and then a temperature range of 500 ° C. or higher is set by continuous annealing. It is described that annealing is performed by heating to 730 to 830 ° C. at ⁇ 2000 ° C./second and staying in that temperature range for 2 seconds or less.
- Patent Document 5 discloses a method of cold rolling using a hot-rolled steel sheet manufactured by a rapid cooling method immediately after starting cooling in a short time after hot rolling. For example, a hot-rolled steel sheet having a microstructure having a main phase of ferrite with a small average crystal grain size by cooling to 720 ° C. or less at a cooling rate of 400 ° C./second or more within 0.4 seconds after hot rolling. And using this as a base material for cold rolling, ordinary cold rolling and annealing are performed.
- Patent Document 5 it is defined that a region surrounded by a high-angle grain boundary with a crystal orientation difference (also called misorientation, tilt angle ⁇ tilt> angle) of 15 ° or more is regarded as one crystal grain. Therefore, the hot-rolled steel sheet having a microstructure disclosed in Patent Document 5 has a large number of large-angle grain boundaries.
- Patent Document 3 in order to obtain a structure composed of fine crystal grains, for example, ferrite crystal grains having an average grain size of less than 3.5 ⁇ m, a holding time during annealing is used. Must be a short time of about 10 seconds or less. Examples are also shown in which the annealing holding time is 30 seconds or 200 seconds, but the average grain size after annealing is 3.8 ⁇ m or 4.4 ⁇ m, and rapid grain growth occurs.
- Patent Document 3 In the annealing process, a holding time of several tens of seconds or more is usually required in order to increase the manufacturing stability of the steel sheet. Therefore, the method disclosed in Patent Document 3 has a manufacturing stability of less than 3.5 ⁇ m. It is difficult to achieve a fine structure.
- Patent Document 4 has the same problem as Patent Document 3 because the holding time during annealing is defined as 2 seconds or less and the annealing needs to be performed in a very short time.
- the method using immediate cooling disclosed in Patent Document 5 is excellent as a means for refining the microstructure of the cold-rolled steel sheet.
- the ferrite grain size of the cold-rolled steel sheet is almost the same as that of the hot-rolled steel sheet, which is the base material, or 1 to 3 ⁇ m larger than that, there is a limit to refinement of the microstructure of the cold-rolled steel sheet. is there.
- An object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problems of the related art relating to a cold-rolled steel sheet having a refined structure. More specifically, the present invention can obtain a fine structure without adding Ti, Nb, etc., or even if the holding time during annealing is long enough to obtain a stable material. An object of the present invention is to provide a cold-rolled steel sheet having a microstructure and a manufacturing method thereof, in which the ferrite grain size of the cold-rolled steel sheet is equal to or less than that of the hot-rolled steel sheet.
- the present inventors have conducted a detailed study to solve the above problems.
- the cold-rolled steel sheet disclosed in Patent Document 5 which is excellent as a means for refining the microstructure of the cold-rolled steel sheet
- the ferrite grain size of the cold-rolled steel sheet is approximately the same as the ferrite grain size of the hot-rolled steel sheet
- the cause of the increase of 1 to 3 ⁇ m was investigated, and the following findings (a) to (c) were obtained.
- Patent Document 5 The method disclosed in Patent Document 5 includes cold rolling and annealing on a hot-rolled steel sheet obtained by a rapid quenching method that includes a large number of large-angle grain boundaries and has a thermally stable fine grain structure. And based on the technical idea that many recrystallized nuclei are generated on the grain boundaries of the hot-rolled steel sheet and the structure after cold-rolling annealing is refined.
- the cold-rolled steel sheet obtained by such a manufacturing method has X-rays of ⁇ 111 ⁇ ⁇ 145>, ⁇ 111 ⁇ ⁇ 123>, ⁇ 554 ⁇ ⁇ 225> at a half depth position of the sheet thickness. It has a texture characterized by that the average intensity is 4.0 times or more the average of the X-ray intensity of a random structure without texture. And the cold-rolled steel plate which has such a texture is excellent in stretch flangeability (hole expansibility).
- the hot-rolled steel sheet used for cold rolling may have a fine structure, but is preferably excellent in thermal stability.
- the present invention based on these new findings is as follows.
- d m ⁇ 2.7 + 10000 / (5 + 300 ⁇ C + 50 ⁇ Mn + 4000 ⁇ Nb + 2000 ⁇ Ti + 400 ⁇ V) 2 (1) d m ⁇ 4.0 (2) d s ⁇ 1.5 (3) here, C, Mn, Nb, Ti and V are the content of each element (unit: mass%); d m is tilt average particle diameter (unit: [mu] m) of the ferrite defined by (misorientation) 15 ° or more high-angle grain boundary is, and d s is the average grain size of the second phase (Unit: [mu] m) with is there.
- the above chemical composition contains one or more selected from the group consisting of Nb: 0.003% or more, Ti: 0.005% or more, and V: 0.01% or more in mass%.
- d m are as defined above.
- the chemical composition is mass%, and sol.
- the chemical composition contains one or more selected from the group consisting of Cr: 0.03% or more, Mo: 0.01% or more, and B: 0.0005% or more in mass%.
- the cold-rolled steel sheet according to any one of (1) to (3) above.
- a method for producing a cold-rolled steel sheet comprising the following steps (A) and (B): (A) Cold rolling is applied to a hot-rolled steel sheet having the chemical composition described in any of (1) to (5) above and having a microstructure satisfying the following formulas (5) and (6): A cold rolling step to obtain a cold rolled steel sheet; and (B) the ferrite non-recrystallized ratio at the time of reaching (Ae 1 point + 10 ° C.) in the cold rolled steel sheet obtained in the step (A) is 30 area% or more.
- C and Mn are each the content of the element (unit: mass%);
- d is an average grain size (unit: ⁇ m) of ferrite defined by a large-angle grain boundary having an inclination angle of 15 ° or more.
- the hot-rolled steel sheet is subjected to hot rolling to complete rolling at an Ar 3 point or higher on the slab having the chemical composition, and an average cooling rate of 400 ° C./second or higher within 0.4 seconds after completion of rolling.
- the main phase means a phase or structure having the maximum volume ratio (in the present invention, the volume ratio is actually evaluated by the area ratio of the cross section), and the second phase is a phase other than the main phase and Means an organization.
- ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Ferrite is meant to include polygonal ferrite and bainitic ferrite.
- the low temperature transformation phase includes martensite, bainite, pearlite and cementite.
- martensite includes tempered martensite
- bainite includes tempered bainite.
- the cold-rolled steel sheet according to the present invention has a microstructure that is equal to or more than that of a hot-rolled steel sheet as a base material, it has excellent workability while having high strength, and is suitable as a steel sheet for automobiles. . In addition, since a large amount of rare metal such as Nb or Ti is not required, it is excellent in resource saving. Since this cold-rolled steel sheet is manufactured by the method according to the present invention that does not shorten the annealing time, it has a stable material.
- the non-recrystallization rate of the ferrite is kept high by rapid heating (Ae 1 point + 10 ° C.) or more. It becomes easy to set it as a temperature range, and it becomes possible to refine
- the C content is set to 0.01% or more.
- it is 0.03% or more, More preferably, it is 0.05% or more.
- the C content is 0.3% or less.
- Si 0.01 to 2.0% Si has the effect of improving the ductility and strength of steel. Further, when added simultaneously with Mn, it has an action of promoting the generation of a hard second phase such as martensite (a phase harder than ferrite forming the main phase) and increasing the strength of the steel.
- the Si content is set to 0.01% or more. Preferably it is 0.03% or more, More preferably, it is 0.05% or more.
- the Si content is 2.0% or less. Preferably it is 1.5% or less, More preferably, it is 0.5% or less.
- Mn 0.5 to 3.5% Mn has the effect
- Mn has an effect of lowering the transformation temperature, it becomes easy to set a temperature range of (Ae 1 point + 10 ° C.) or higher while maintaining a high unrecrystallized ratio of ferrite by rapid heating in the annealing process. Thereby, it becomes possible to refine the microstructure of the cold-rolled steel sheet.
- the Mn content is less than 0.5%, it is difficult to obtain the effect by the above action. Therefore, the Mn content is 0.5% or more. Preferably it is 0.7% or more, More preferably, it is 1% or more.
- the Mn content is 3.5% or less. Preferably it is 3.0% or less, More preferably, it is 2.8% or less.
- P 0.1% or less
- P is contained as an impurity, and has an action of segregating at grain boundaries and embrittlement of the material.
- the P content is 0.1% or less.
- it is 0.06% or less. Since the lower the P content, the lower limit is not necessary. From the viewpoint of cost, the content is preferably 0.001% or more.
- S 0.05% or less S is contained as an impurity, and has an effect of reducing the ductility of steel by forming sulfide inclusions in the steel.
- the S content is set to 0.05% or less. Preferably it is 0.008% or less, More preferably, it is 0.003% or less. Since the S content is preferably as low as possible, there is no need to limit the lower limit. From the viewpoint of cost, the content is preferably 0.001% or more.
- Nb 0 to 0.03%
- Ti 0 to 0.06%
- V 0 to 0.3%
- Ti and V precipitate in the steel as carbides and nitrides, and suppress the transformation from austenite to ferrite during cooling in the annealing process, thereby increasing the area ratio of the hard second phase and increasing the strength of the steel.
- the chemical composition of steel may contain one or more of these elements.
- the content of each element exceeds the above upper limit, the ductility may be significantly reduced. Accordingly, the content of each element is as described above.
- the Ti content is preferably 0.03% or less.
- the total content of Nb and Ti is preferably 0.06% or less, and more preferably 0.03% or less.
- Nb 0.003% or more
- Ti 0.005% or more
- V 0.01% or more.
- Nb + 0.5 ⁇ Ti + 0.01 ⁇ V ⁇ 0.02 (7)
- Nb, Ti, and V are the contents (unit: mass%) of the respective elements.
- sol. Al 0 to 2.0% Al has an effect of increasing ductility. Therefore, Al may be included. However, since Al has an action of raising the transformation point, sol. If the Al content exceeds 2.0%, hot rolling must be completed in a higher temperature range. As a result, it is difficult to refine the structure of the hot-rolled steel sheet, and therefore, it is also difficult to refine the structure of the cold-rolled steel sheet. Moreover, continuous casting may be difficult. Therefore, sol. Al content shall be 2.0% or less. In addition, in order to obtain the effect by the above action more reliably, sol. The Al content is preferably set to 0.1% or more.
- Cr 0 to 1.0%
- Mo 0 to 0.3%
- B 0 to 0.003% Cr, Mo, and B have the effect
- the Mo content is preferably 0.2% or less. In order to more reliably obtain the effect of the above action, it is preferable to satisfy any of Cr: 0.03% or more, Mo: 0.01% or more, and B: 0.0005% or more.
- Ca and REM have the effect
- REM refers to a total of 17 elements of Sc, Y, and lanthanoid. In the case of lanthanoid, it is added industrially in the form of misch metal. The REM content in the present invention refers to the total content of these elements.
- 1.2-Microstructure and texture Main phase Ferrite of 50 area% or more and satisfying the above formulas (1) and (2)
- a ferrite is the main phase is fine, average particle diameter d m of the ferrite defined by inclination 15 ° or more large angle grain boundaries by satisfying the above expression (1) and (2), processing the steel sheet When this occurs, the occurrence and development of fine cracks are suppressed, and the stretch flangeability of the cold-rolled steel sheet is improved.
- the strength of steel is improved by fine grain strengthening.
- the above formula (1) is an index that defines the degree of refinement of ferrite in consideration of the refinement effect of the structure by C, Mn, Nb, Ti and V.
- the ferrite area ratio is 50% or more.
- the ferrite area ratio is preferably 60% or more, and more preferably 70% or more.
- the average particle diameter d m of the ferrite is not satisfying at least one of the above formulas (1) and (2), in order the main phase is not sufficiently fine, to ensure excellent stretch flangeability Is difficult, or the effect of improving the strength by fine grain reinforcement cannot be obtained sufficiently. Therefore, the ferrite average particle diameter d m satisfies the above formulas (1) and (2).
- the average grain size of ferrite surrounded by large-angle grain boundaries with an inclination angle of 15 ° or more is used as an indicator.
- Small-angle grain boundaries with an inclination angle of less than 15 ° have a small orientation difference between adjacent crystal grains, and have the effect of depositing dislocations. This is because it is small and contributes little to the increase in strength.
- the average particle diameter of ferrite defined by the large-angle grain boundary having an inclination angle of 15 ° or more is simply referred to as the average particle diameter of ferrite.
- the average of ferrite particle size d m preferably satisfies the above formula (4).
- Second phase 10 area% or more in total of low-temperature transformation phases including martensite, bainite, pearlite, and cementite, and 0 to 3 area% of retained austenite, and satisfy the above formula (3).
- the total area ratio of the low temperature transformation phase including martensite, bainite, pearlite, and cementite is less than 10%, it is difficult to ensure high strength. Therefore, the total area ratio of the low temperature transformation phase is 10% or more.
- the low-temperature transformation phase does not need to contain all of martensite, bainite, pearlite, and cementite, and may contain at least one of them.
- the retained austenite area ratio is set to 0 to 3%. Preferably it is 2% or less.
- the average particle diameter d s of the second phase does not satisfy the above formula (3), it is difficult to ensure excellent stretch flangeability because the second phase is not sufficiently fine. Further, the effect of improving the strength of steel by fine grain strengthening cannot be obtained sufficiently. Therefore, the average particle diameter d s of the second phase satisfies the above formula (3).
- the average grain size of the ferrite that is the main phase is determined by using SEM-EBSD for the ferrite surrounded by large-angle grain boundaries with an inclination angle of 15 ° or more.
- SEM-EBSD is a method of measuring the azimuth of a minute region by electron beam backscatter diffraction (EBSD) in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The crystal grain size can be measured from the obtained orientation map.
- the area ratios of the main phase and the second phase can be measured by SEM cross-sectional observation.
- the area ratio of retained austenite is the volume ratio obtained by the X-ray diffraction method as it is. By subtracting the area ratio of the retained austenite thus determined from the area ratio of the second phase, the total area ratio of the low temperature transformation phase of the second phase can be determined.
- board thickness 1/4 depth of a steel plate is employ
- Texture The average of the X-ray intensities in the ⁇ 111 ⁇ ⁇ 145>, ⁇ 111 ⁇ ⁇ 123>, and ⁇ 554 ⁇ ⁇ 225> orientations at a half depth position of the plate thickness is random with no texture. 4.0 times or more of the average X-ray intensity of the tissue The degree of integration of ⁇ 111 ⁇ ⁇ 145>, ⁇ 111 ⁇ ⁇ 123> and ⁇ 554 ⁇ ⁇ 225> at the half depth position of the plate thickness as described above By increasing the length, the stretch flangeability is improved.
- the average of the X-ray intensities in the ⁇ 111 ⁇ ⁇ 145>, ⁇ 111 ⁇ ⁇ 123> and ⁇ 554 ⁇ ⁇ 225> orientations is X of a random structure having no texture. If the average linear strength is less than 4.0 times, it becomes difficult to ensure excellent stretch flangeability. Therefore, the cold-rolled steel sheet has the above texture.
- the X-ray intensity of this specific orientation is obtained by positively polishing the ⁇ 200 ⁇ , ⁇ 110 ⁇ , and ⁇ 211 ⁇ planes of the ferrite phase on the plate surface after the steel plate is chemically polished with hydrofluoric acid to 1 ⁇ 2 depth. It is obtained by measuring the figure and analyzing the orientation distribution function (ODF) by the series expansion method using the measured value.
- ODF orientation distribution function
- the X-ray intensity of a random structure that does not have a texture is determined by performing the same measurement as described above using powdered steel.
- high workability satisfying the following formula (8) can be obtained for a steel sheet having a tensile strength (TS) of less than 800 MPa.
- TS tensile strength
- TS tensile strength
- TS is the tensile strength (MPa)
- ⁇ is the hole expansion ratio (%) defined by the Japan Iron and Steel Federation Standard JFS T 1001-1996.
- a surface-treated steel sheet may be provided by providing a plating layer on the surface of the above-described cold-rolled steel sheet for the purpose of improving corrosion resistance.
- the plating layer may be an electroplating layer or a hot dipping layer.
- Examples of the electroplating layer include electrogalvanizing and electro-Zn—Ni alloy plating.
- Examples of the hot dip plating layer include hot dip galvanizing, alloyed hot dip galvanizing, hot dip aluminum plating, hot dip Zn-Al alloy plating, hot dip Zn-Al-Mg alloy plating, hot dip Zn-Al-Mg-Si alloy plating, etc.
- the amount of plating adhesion is not particularly limited, and may be the same as the conventional one. Further, it is possible to further improve the corrosion resistance by forming a suitable chemical conversion treatment film on the plating surface (for example, by applying and drying a silicate-based chromium-free chemical conversion treatment solution). Furthermore, it can be coated with an organic resin film.
- the structure of the hot-rolled steel sheet subjected to cold rolling satisfies the above formulas (5) and (6).
- the ferrite average particle diameter d is defined by the contents of C and Mn because the ductility of the cold-rolled steel sheet decreases as the contents of C and Mn increase. This is because the hot-rolled steel sheet to be provided has a finer structure, thereby making the structure of the cold-rolled steel sheet finer and ensuring excellent ductility.
- the ferrite average particle diameter d of the hot-rolled steel sheet is preferably as small as possible, it is not particularly necessary to define the lower limit, but it is usually 1.0 ⁇ m or more.
- an average ferrite grain diameter d m is usually equal to or greater than 1.0 .mu.m.
- Cold rolling may be performed according to a conventional method.
- the rolling reduction (cold rolling ratio) in cold rolling is not particularly specified, it is preferably 30% or more from the viewpoint of promoting recrystallization in the annealing process and improving the workability of the cold rolled steel sheet. Further, from the viewpoint of reducing the load on the cold rolling equipment, it is preferably 85% or less.
- cold rolling may be performed using a lubricating oil.
- a lubricating oil 2.3- cold-rolled steel sheet obtained by annealing the cold-rolling step, ferrite non-recrystallization ratio when it reaches the (Ae 1 point + 10 ° C.) is in a condition to be 30 area% or more (Ae 1
- the temperature is raised to a temperature range of (point + 10 ° C.) or more and (0.95 ⁇ Ae 3 points + 0.05 ⁇ Ae 1 point) or less, and then annealed by holding in this temperature range for 30 seconds or more.
- the annealing temperature is set to (Ae 1 point + 10 ° C.) or higher.
- it is (Ae 1 point + 30 ° C.) or higher.
- the annealing temperature is set to (0.95 ⁇ Ae 3 points + 0.05 ⁇ Ae 1 point) or less. It is preferably (0.8 ⁇ Ae 3 points + 0.2 ⁇ Ae 1 point) or less.
- the temperature is raised to the annealing temperature by rapid heating.
- the temperature raising condition at this time is based on the above-mentioned new knowledge, but is derived from the result of Example 2 described later, and this point will be described in detail below.
- Figure 1 for a part of the cold-rolled steel sheet steels A ⁇ C shown in Table 5, illustrates the average particle diameter d m of the ferrite relative to the rate of Atsushi Nobori during annealing.
- the average ferrite grain size of the cold-rolled steel sheet decreases as the heating rate increases.
- the tensile strength increases as the average ferrite grain size of the cold rolled steel sheet decreases.
- FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the rate of increase in tensile strength based on the tensile strength when the rate of temperature increase is 10 ° C./second and the rate of temperature increase during annealing.
- the rate of temperature increase is 50 ° C./second or more
- a rate of increase in tensile strength of 2% or more is stably achieved. That is, when the temperature rising rate is 50 ° C./second, the effect based on increasing the temperature rising rate can be stably enjoyed.
- the cold-rolled steel sheet obtained by the cold rolling step is rapidly heated to satisfy the condition that the non-recrystallization rate of ferrite at a temperature of (Ae 1 point + 10 ° C.) is 30 area% or more (Ae 1 point). + 10 ° C.) or higher annealing temperature range.
- the upper limit of the ferrite unrecrystallization rate at this time is not particularly limited. If the unrecrystallized ratio of ferrite when the temperature reaches (Ae 1 point + 10 ° C) is less than 30%, the structure when the hot-rolled steel sheet having a fine structure is subjected to cold rolling and rapid heating annealing is refined. It is difficult to stably enjoy the operational effects.
- the rapid heating may be performed up to a temperature at which ferrite and austenite begin to coexist (Ae 1 point + 10 ° C.), and thereafter, it may be gradually heated or kept isothermal.
- the rate of temperature increase is a means for adjusting the ferrite unrecrystallization rate at (Ae 1 point + 10 ° C.), and it is not necessary to specify in particular, but it is preferably 50 ° C./second or more, 80 ° C. / Second or more is more preferable, 150 ° C./second or more is particularly preferable, and 300 ° C./second is most preferable.
- the upper limit of the rate of temperature rise is not particularly specified, but is preferably 1500 ° C./second or less from the viewpoint of temperature control of the annealing temperature.
- the above rapid heating may be started from a temperature before reaching the recrystallization start temperature.
- Ts is a softening start temperature measured at a rate of temperature increase of 10 ° C./second, and rapid heating is started from (Ts ⁇ 30 ° C.).
- the heating method is not particularly limited as long as the required temperature increase rate can be achieved. Although it is preferable to use electric heating or induction heating, heating by a radiant tube can also be adopted as long as the above temperature rising condition is satisfied. By applying such a heating device, the heating time of the steel sheet can be greatly shortened, the annealing equipment can be made more compact, and the effect of reducing the investment cost to the equipment can be expected. It is also possible to add a heating device to an existing continuous annealing line or hot dipping line.
- the annealing temperature is in the temperature range of (Ae 1 point + 10 ° C.) or more and (0.95 ⁇ Ae 3 points + 0.05 ⁇ Ae 1 point) or less, the recrystallization is not completed if the annealing time is less than 30 seconds.
- the majority of crystal grain boundaries in the structure are composed of small-angle grain boundaries of 15 ° or less, or dislocations introduced by cold rolling remain. In this case, the workability of the cold-rolled steel sheet is remarkably deteriorated. Therefore, in order to sufficiently advance recrystallization, the annealing time is set to 30 seconds or more. Preferably it is 45 seconds or more, More preferably, it is 60 seconds or more.
- the upper limit of the annealing time is not particularly required, but it is preferably less than 10 minutes from the viewpoint of more reliably suppressing the grain growth of the ferrite recrystallized grains.
- FIG. 3 shows a cold-rolled steel sheet of Example 2 shown in Table 5, in particular, a cold-rolled steel sheet of steel type B heated to 750 ° C. at a heating rate of 500 ° C./second and held for 15 seconds to 300 seconds. The change in the TS ⁇ El value is illustrated with respect to the annealing holding time. From this result, it is understood that the cold-rolled steel sheet according to the present invention can suppress the grain growth and obtain a stable material even when the annealing time is about 300 seconds.
- the annealing time is less than 30 seconds, the structure of the steel sheet is not completely recrystallized, and the crystal grain size is in the process of increasing, or the phase transformation is not in an equilibrium state and the structural transformation is in the middle. It is in a state. Therefore, in addition to being inferior in workability (elongation), it is difficult to obtain a stable and uniform structure in actual machine operation.
- Cooling after annealing can be performed at an arbitrary rate, and a second phase such as pearlite, bainite, or martensite may be precipitated in the steel by controlling the cooling rate.
- the cooling method can be performed by any method, for example, cooling by gas, mist, or water is possible.
- additional reheating may be performed if necessary, and the temperature may be maintained at an arbitrary temperature of 200 ° C. or higher and 600 ° C. or lower, and an overaging treatment may be performed.
- the annealed steel sheet may be cooled to an arbitrary temperature and then subjected to a surface treatment such as plating.
- the galvanized steel sheet may be obtained by subjecting the annealed steel sheet to hot dip galvanization, alloyed hot dip galvanization, or electrogalvanization.
- the hot-rolled steel sheet used for the cold rolling process has the conditions described in the section of the cold rolling process, that is, the chemical composition and the microstructure satisfying the expressions (5) and (6). Have.
- the production method is not particularly defined, but the hot-rolled steel sheet used is preferably excellent in thermal stability.
- a preferred hot-rolled steel sheet is obtained by subjecting a slab having the above chemical composition to hot rolling to complete rolling at an Ar 3 point or higher, and 750 ° C. at an average cooling rate of 400 ° C./second or higher within 0.4 seconds after completion of rolling. It can manufacture by the hot rolling process cooled to the following temperature ranges.
- strain can be introduced into austenite by rolling, and the introduced strain can be suppressed from being consumed by recovery and recrystallization as much as possible.
- the strain energy accumulated in the steel is utilized to the maximum as the transformation driving force from austenite to ferrite, the number of transformation nucleation from austenite to ferrite is increased, and the structure of the hot rolled steel sheet is refined.
- the structure can be made excellent in thermal stability.
- the slab used for hot rolling is preferably produced by continuous casting from the viewpoint of productivity.
- the slab one that is in a high temperature state after continuous casting may be used, or one that has been cooled to room temperature may be reheated.
- the temperature of the slab used for hot rolling is preferably 1000 ° C. or higher.
- the temperature of the slab used for hot rolling is preferably 1400 ° C. or lower.
- Hot rolling may be performed using a lever mill or a tandem mill. From the viewpoint of industrial productivity, it is preferable to use a tandem mill for at least the last several stages. Since it is necessary to maintain the steel sheet in the austenite temperature range during rolling, the rolling completion temperature is set to Ar 3 or higher. In order to suppress as much as possible that the processing strain introduced into the austenite is recovered by heat, the rolling completion temperature is preferably just above the Ar 3 point, specifically (Ar 3 point + 50 ° C.) or less.
- the reduction amount of the hot rolling is preferably such that the sheet thickness reduction rate is 40% or more when the temperature of the slab is in the temperature range from the Ar 3 point to (Ar 3 point + 100 ° C.).
- the plate thickness reduction rate in this temperature range is more preferably 60% or more.
- Rolling does not have to be performed in one pass, and may be a continuous multi-pass rolling. Increasing the amount of reduction is preferable because more strain energy is introduced into austenite, the driving force of the ferrite transformation can be increased, and ferrite can be further refined. However, since this also increases the load on the rolling equipment, the upper limit of the reduction amount per pass is preferably 60%.
- the cooling after the completion of rolling is preferably performed to a temperature range of 750 ° C. or less at an average cooling rate of 400 ° C./second or more within 0.4 seconds after the completion of rolling. Since the time required for cooling to 750 ° C. or less after completion of rolling is shortened, the cooling rate is increased, and cooling to a lower temperature can further reduce the structure of the hot-rolled steel sheet, preferable. Specifically, the time for cooling from the completion of rolling to a temperature range of 750 ° C. or less is more preferably within 0.2 seconds. The average cooling rate when cooling to a temperature range of 750 ° C.
- the cooling method is preferably water cooling.
- the ferrite transformation can be advanced and the ferrite area ratio in the structure can be controlled.
- the steel plate can be cooled at an arbitrary cooling rate by water cooling, mist cooling, or gas cooling before winding the steel plate. Further, the steel sheet can be wound at an arbitrary temperature.
- the structure of the hot-rolled steel sheet used for the cold-rolled steel sheet is preferably one having ferrite as the main phase, and may contain one or more hard phases selected from pearlite, bainite and martensite as the second phase. Good.
- the surface of the cold-rolled steel sheet obtained by the above production method may be provided with a plating layer as described above for the purpose of improving the corrosion resistance or the like to form a surface-treated steel sheet.
- Plating may be performed by a conventional method. Moreover, you may perform an appropriate chemical conversion treatment after plating.
- This example illustrates the cold-rolled steel sheet according to the present invention.
- Ingots of steel types AA to AN having the chemical compositions shown in Table 1 were melted in a vacuum induction furnace.
- Table 1 also shows the Ae 1 point and Ae 3 point of each steel type. These transformation temperatures were determined from thermal expansion curves measured when a steel sheet that had been cold-rolled according to the production conditions described later was heated to 1000 ° C. at a temperature increase rate of 5 ° C./second.
- Table 1 further shows the value of (Ae 1 point + 10 ° C.), the numerical value of (0.05Ae 1 + 0.95Ae 3 ), and the calculated value of the right side of the expressions (1) and (5).
- the obtained steel ingot was hot forged, it was cut into slab-shaped steel pieces for use in hot rolling. After heating these slabs at a temperature of 1000 ° C. or more for about 1 hour, using a small test mill, the completion temperature shown in Table 2, the cooling time from the completion of rolling to 750 ° C., the cooling rate (water cooling), winding Hot rolling and cooling were performed under temperature conditions to produce a hot rolled steel sheet having a thickness of 1.5 to 3.0 mm.
- Table 2 shows the average ferrite particle diameter d of this hot-rolled steel sheet.
- the ferrite crystal grain size of the hot-rolled steel sheet is measured by using a SEM-EBSD apparatus (JSM-7001F, JSM-7001F) to determine the cross-sectional structure in the width direction of the steel sheet thickness 1 ⁇ 4 depth. It was determined by analyzing crystal grains composed of large-angle grain boundaries of more than 0 °.
- the obtained hot-rolled steel sheet was pickled with hydrochloric acid and cold-rolled at a cold rolling rate shown in Table 2 (both 30% or more) to make the steel sheet thickness 0.6 mm to 1.0 mm.
- a laboratory-scale annealing facility annealing was performed at the heating rate (temperature increase rate), annealing temperature (soaking temperature) and annealing holding time (soaking time) shown in Table 2 to obtain a cold-rolled steel sheet It was. Cooling after soaking was performed with helium gas.
- the microstructure and mechanical properties of the cold-rolled steel sheet thus manufactured were examined as follows. Average ferrite grain size d m of the cold-rolled steel sheet, in the same manner as described for hot-rolled steel sheets were determined using SEM-EBSD in the width direction of the sectional structure of the plate thickness 1/4 depth of the steel sheet. The average particle diameter d s of the second phase is determined from the number N of the second phase particles and the area ratio A of the second phase in the cross-sectional structure in the width direction of the plate thickness 1 ⁇ 4 depth of the steel sheet. / N ⁇ ) 1/2 .
- the area ratio of ferrite and the area ratio of the second phase which is a phase other than ferrite, were determined by a point count method on a SEM cross-sectional structure photograph taken from the width direction at a thickness of 1/4 of the steel sheet. Further, the volume fraction of the austenite phase is obtained by an X-ray diffraction method, and this is defined as the area fraction of residual austenite (residual ⁇ ). By subtracting this area fraction from the area fraction of the second phase, the hard second phase The area ratio of a certain low temperature transformation phase was determined. This low temperature transformation phase contains at least one of martensite, bainite, pearlite, and cementite.
- the texture of the cold-rolled steel sheet was measured by X-ray diffraction in a plane with a thickness of 1/2.
- the average of the X-ray intensity in the three directions ⁇ 111 ⁇ ⁇ 145>, ⁇ 111 ⁇ ⁇ 123> and ⁇ 554 ⁇ ⁇ 225> is measured on the positive pole figure of ⁇ 200 ⁇ , ⁇ 110 ⁇ , ⁇ 211 ⁇ of ferrite. It calculated
- required using ODF (azimuth distribution function) analyzed from the result.
- the mechanical properties of the cold-rolled steel sheet after annealing were investigated by a tensile test and a hole expansion test.
- the tensile test was performed using a 1/2 size ASTM tensile test piece, and yield strength, tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (total elongation, El) were determined.
- the hole expansion test is performed by expanding a hole with a punching diameter d 0 of 10 mm using a conical punch with an apex angle of 60 °. From the hole diameter d 1 when the cracks at the punch hole end surfaces reach both surfaces of the plate.
- Table 3 shows the investigation results of the structure and mechanical properties of cold-rolled steel sheets.
- the conformity of the equations (1) to (4) is indicated by ⁇ (conforms to all equations) and ⁇ (does not conform to at least one equation).
- the base material is a hot-rolled steel plate having a particle size of less than 3.5 ⁇ m, and the heating rate during annealing is 50 ° C./second or more.
- a cold-rolled steel sheet having a microstructure according to the invention was obtained.
- the heating rate during annealing was low, the ferrite and second phase particle sizes of the cold-rolled steel sheet were coarse, and the average X-ray intensity in the above orientation, which is an index of the texture, was less than 4.
- A2 and A3, which are inventive examples obtained high workability that satisfies the above-mentioned formula (8).
- the base material hot-rolled steel sheet had a coarse particle size of 6.4 ⁇ m, so that the microstructure of the cold-rolled steel sheet was coarsened despite the fact that annealing was performed by rapid heating, and the average ferrite particle diameter was increased.
- the average particle size of the second phase exceeded the upper limit defined in the present invention.
- the X-ray intensity of the texture was less than 4.0. As a result, the mechanical properties became insufficient.
- the Mn content was 0.37%, and the grain growth during annealing was not sufficiently suppressed, and the cold-rolled steel sheet was coarse. As a result, good mechanical properties could not be obtained.
- the Nb content was 0.052%, nucleation of recrystallization during annealing was suppressed, and a processed structure remained in the cold-rolled steel sheet. Such residual of the processed structure became more prominent when the heating rate during annealing was increased. As a result, the mechanical properties of the cold-rolled steel sheet were low regardless of the heating rate.
- This example illustrates a method for manufacturing a cold-rolled steel sheet according to the present invention.
- Steel ingots of steel types A to K having the chemical composition shown in Table 4 are melted in a vacuum induction furnace, and the resulting steel ingot is hot forged and then cut into slab-shaped steel pieces for hot rolling. did. After heating these slabs at a temperature of 1000 ° C. or more for about 1 hour, using a test small mill, the completion temperature shown in Table 5, the cooling time from the completion of rolling to 750 ° C., the cooling rate (water cooling), the residence time Then, hot rolling was performed under the condition of the quenching stop temperature, and then cooled to room temperature to produce a hot rolled steel sheet having a plate thickness of 1.5 mm to 3.0 mm.
- Table 5 shows the value of the average grain diameter d of the ferrite defined in the same manner as described in Example 1 and defined by the large-angle grain boundaries having an inclination angle of 15 ° or more of the hot-rolled steel sheet.
- the hot-rolled steel sheet is pickled with hydrochloric acid and cold-rolled at a rolling rate of 30% or more (shown in Table 5) to reduce the steel sheet thickness from 0.6 mm to 1.4 mm.
- annealing was performed using a laboratory-scale annealing equipment at the heating rate (temperature raising rate), annealing temperature and annealing time shown in Table 5 to obtain a cold-rolled steel sheet. Cooling after soaking was performed in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Table 5 shows the ferrite unrecrystallization rate (hereinafter simply referred to as ferrite unrecrystallization rate) at a temperature of Ae 1 point + 10 ° C. This value was determined by the following method. After heating up to a temperature of about Ae 1 point + 10 ° C. (error ⁇ 15 ° C.) at a heating rate shown in each example, using a steel sheet that has been cold-rolled according to the manufacturing conditions of each example Immediately cooled with water. The structure was photographed by SEM, and the fraction of recrystallized ferrite and processed ferrite was measured on the structure photograph to determine the ferrite unrecrystallized ratio as being equal to the fraction of processed ferrite.
- ferrite unrecrystallization rate hereinafter simply referred to as ferrite unrecrystallization rate
- the ferrite unrecrystallization rate correlates with the heating rate during annealing, and when the heating rate is 50 ° C./second or more, the ferrite unrecrystallization rate is 40% or more.
- the ferrite recrystallization rate was not measured, but it is certain that the same tendency as in Example 2 was obtained.
- the cold-rolled steel sheet thus manufactured was processed into a 1/2 size ASTM tensile test piece and then subjected to a tensile test to determine yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation at break (total elongation). Pass / fail was judged based on the total elongation of 20%. Since the strength of the steel sheet greatly depends on the composition, the strength of steel materials of different manufacturing methods manufactured from the same steel type was compared, and the pass / fail of the manufacturing method was determined based on the result. Also, it was obtained in a manner similar to that described average particle diameter d m of the ferrite defined by high-angle grain boundaries of the inclination angle 15 ° or more cold-rolled steel sheet after annealing in Example 1. These measurement results are also shown in Table 5.
- steel plate No. 14 of steel type B has an annealing time that is too short, so the value of total elongation is lower than that of other cold-rolled steel plates using the same steel type B, and a steel material is produced multiple times under the same conditions as No. 14
- stable production was not possible, and the characteristics varied depending on the part even in the same steel plate.
- Steel plate No. 17 of steel type B had an annealing temperature after cold rolling as low as 650 ° C., so austenite was not sufficiently formed, the ferrite crystal grain size increased, and the tensile strength decreased.
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Abstract
Description
それらの方法は下記(1)~(3)に大別できる。
(3)第3の方法は、熱間圧延の直後に急冷して得た熱延鋼板に、冷間圧延および焼鈍を施す方法である。以下、この熱延鋼板の製造方法を直後急冷法と呼ぶこともある。
特許文献3に開示された方法は、実施例に示されているように、微細な結晶粒、たとえば平均粒径3.5μm未満のフェライト結晶粒からなる組織を得るために、焼鈍時の保持時間を10秒間以下程度の短時間としなければならない。焼鈍の保持時間を30秒間または200秒間とした実施例も示されているが、焼鈍後の平均粒径は3.8μmまたは4.4μmとなり、急激な粒成長が起こっている。焼鈍工程においては鋼板の製造安定性を高めるために数十秒間以上の保持時間が通常は必要とされているので、特許文献3に開示された方法では製造安定性と3.5μm未満の非常に微細な組織とを両立させることは困難である。
特許文献5に開示された直後急冷を利用した方法は、冷延鋼板のミクロ組織を微細化する手段として優れている。しかし、冷延鋼板のフェライト粒径は、その母材である熱延鋼板のフェライト粒径とほぼ同じか、それより1~3μm大きくなるので、冷延鋼板のミクロ組織の微細化には限界がある。
まず、冷延鋼板のミクロ組織を微細化する手段として優れている特許文献5に開示された冷延鋼板について、冷延鋼板のフェライト粒径が熱延鋼板のフェライト粒径とほぼ同じか、それより1~3μm大きくなることの原因について検討を行い、以下の(a)~(c)の知見を得た。
(c)この再結晶粒の活発な粒成長により、特許文献5に開示された方法による冷延鋼板の組織の微細化効果が減衰し、冷延鋼板のフェライト粒径は、熱延鋼板のフェライト粒径とほぼ同じか、それより1~3μm大きくなってしまう。
(d)微細な組織を有する熱延鋼板に、冷間圧延してから焼鈍を施す際に、冷間圧延により加工組織となったフェライトが再結晶を完了する前にフェライトとオーステナイトとが共存する温度となるように急速加熱焼鈍を行うことにより、熱延鋼板のフェライト粒径と同等以下のフェライト粒径を有する微細な組織が得られる。
これらの新たな知見に基づく本発明は以下のとおりである。
主相としてフェライト:50面積%以上、第2相として、マルテンサイト、ベイナイト、パーライトおよびセメンタイトの1種または2種以上を含む低温変態相を合計で10面積%以上ならびに残留オーステナイトを0~3面積%含有し、かつ下記式(1)~(3)を満足するミクロ組織を有し、そして
板厚の1/2深さ位置において、{111}<145>、{111}<123>、{554}<225>のX線強度の平均が、集合組織を持たないランダムな組織のX線強度の平均の4.0倍以上である集合組織を有する、
ことを特徴とする冷延鋼板。
dm<4.0 ・・・ (2)
ds≦1.5 ・・・ (3)
ここで、
C、Mn、Nb、TiおよびVはそれぞれ該元素の含有量(単位:質量%)であり;
dmは傾角(結晶方位差)15°以上の大角粒界で規定されるフェライトの平均粒径(単位:μm)であり、そして
dsは第2相の平均粒径(単位:μm)である。
ここで、dmは上記の通りである。
(3)上記化学組成が、質量%で、sol.Al:0.1質量%以上を含有する、上記(1)または(2)に記載の冷延鋼板。
(7)下記工程(A)および(B)を有することを特徴とする冷延鋼板の製造方法:
(A)上記(1)ないし(5)のいずれかに記載の化学組成を有し、かつ下記式(5)および(6)を満足するミクロ組織を有する熱延鋼板に冷間圧延を施して冷延鋼板とする冷間圧延工程;および
(B)工程(A)において得られた冷延鋼板に、(Ae1点+10℃)に到達した時点でのフェライト未再結晶率が30面積%以上となる条件で(Ae1点+10℃)以上、(0.95×Ae3点+0.05×Ae1点)以下の温度域まで昇温した後、この温度域に30秒間以上保持することにより焼鈍を施す焼鈍工程。
d<3.5 ・・・ (6)
ここで、
CおよびMnはそれぞれ該元素の含有量(単位:質量%)であり;
dは傾角15°以上の大角粒界で規定されるフェライトの平均粒径(単位:μm)である。
本明細書において、主相とは体積率(本発明では実際には断面の面積率で体積率を評価)が最大である相または組織を意味し、第二相とは主相以外の相および組織を意味する。
1.冷延鋼板
1.1-化学組成
C:0.01~0.3%
Cは、鋼の強度を高める作用を有する。また、熱間圧延工程および焼鈍工程においてミクロ組織を微細化する作用を有する。すなわち、Cは変態点を低下させる作用を有するので、熱間圧延工程においては、熱間圧延をより低温域で完了させることが可能となり、これにより、熱延鋼板のミクロ組織を微細化することが可能となる。また、焼鈍工程においては、Cによる昇温過程におけるフェライトの再結晶抑制作用と相俟って、急速加熱によってフェライトの未再結晶率が高い状態を保ったまま(Ae1点+10℃)以上の温度域とすることが容易となり、これにより、冷延鋼板のミクロ組織を微細化することが可能となる。C含有量が0.01%未満では、上記作用による効果を得ることが困難である。したがって、C含有量は0.01%以上とする。好ましくは0.03%以上、より好ましくは0.05%以上である。一方、C含有量が0.3%超では、加工性や溶接性の低下が著しくなる。したがって、C含有量は0.3%以下とする。好ましくは0.2%以下、より好ましくは0.15%以下である。
Siは、鋼の延性および強度を向上させる作用を有する。また、Mnと同時に添加されると、マルテンサイトなどの硬質第2相(主相をなすフェライトよりも硬質な相)の生成を促進し、鋼を高強度化させる作用を有する。Si含有量が0.01%未満では、上記作用による効果を得ることが困難である。したがって、Si含有量は0.01%以上とする。好ましくは0.03%以上、より好ましくは0.05%以上である。一方、Si含有量が2.0%超では、熱間圧延工程や焼鈍工程などにおいて、鋼の表面に酸化物を生成して表面性状を損なう場合がある。したがって、Si含有量は2.0%以下とする。好ましくは1.5%以下、より好ましくは0.5%以下である。
Mnは、鋼の強度を高める作用を有する。また、変態温度を低下させる作用を有するので、焼鈍工程において、急速加熱によりフェライトの未再結晶率が高い状態を保ったまま(Ae1点+10℃)以上の温度域とすることが容易となり、これにより、冷延鋼板のミクロ組織を微細化することが可能となる。Mn含有量が0.5%未満では上記作用による効果を得ることが困難である。したがって、Mn含有量は0.5%以上とする。好ましくは0.7%以上、より好ましくは1%以上である。一方、Mn含有量が3.5%超では、フェライト変態が過度に遅延してしまい、目的とするフェライト面積率を確保できない場合がある。したがって、Mn含有量は3.5%以下とする。好ましくは3.0%以下、より好ましくは2.8%以下である。
Pは、不純物として含有され、粒界に偏析して材料を脆化させる作用を有する。P含有量が0.1%を超えると、上記作用により脆化が著しくなる。したがって、P含有量は0.1%以下とする。好ましくは0.06%以下である。P含有量は低い程好ましいので下限は限定する必要はない。コストの観点からは0.001%以上とすることが好ましい。
Sは、不純物として含有され、鋼中に硫化物系介在物を形成して鋼の延性を低下させる作用を有する。S含有量が0.05%超では、上記作用により延性の低下が著しくなる場合がある。したがって、S含有量は0.05%以下とする。好ましくは0.008%以下、さらに好ましくは0.003%以下である。S含有量は低い程好ましいので下限を限定する必要はない。コストの観点からは0.001%以上とすることが好ましい。
Nb、TiおよびVは、炭化物や窒化物として鋼中に析出し、焼鈍工程の冷却中におけるオーステナイトからフェライトへの変態を抑制することによって、硬質第2相の面積率を高め、鋼の強度を高める作用を有する。したがって、鋼の化学組成に、これらの元素の1種または2種以上を含有させてもよい。しかし、各元素の含有量が上記上限値を超えると、延性の低下が著しくなる場合がある。したがって、各元素の含有量は上記のとおりとする。ここで、Ti含有量は0.03%以下とすることが好ましい。また、NbおよびTiの合計含有量は0.06%以下とすることが好ましく、0.03%以下とすることがさらに好ましい。また、Nb、TiおよびVの含有量は下記式(7)を満足することが好ましい。なお、上記作用による効果をより確実に得るには、Nb:0.003%以上、Ti:0.005%以上およびV:0.01%以上のいずれかを満足させることが好ましい。
ここで、Nb、TiおよびVはそれぞれ該各元素の含有量(単位:質量%)である。
sol.Al:0~2.0%
Alは、延性を高める作用を有する。したがって、Alを含有させてもよい。しかし、Alは変態点を上昇させる作用を有するので、sol.Al含有量が2.0%超では、熱間圧延をより高温域で完了させざるをえなくなる。その結果、熱延鋼板の組織を微細化することが困難となり、そのため、冷延鋼板の組織を微細化することも困難となる。また、連続鋳造が困難となる場合がある。したがって、sol.Al含有量は2.0%以下とする。なお、上記作用による効果をより確実に得るには、sol.Al含有量を0.1%以上とすることが好ましい。
Cr、MoおよびBは、鋼の焼入れ性を高め、低温変態相の生成を促進することによって、鋼の強度を高める作用を有する。したがって、これらの元素の1種または2種以上を含有させてもよい。しかし、各元素の含有量が上記上限値を超えると、フェライト変態が過度に抑制されてしまい、目的とするフェライト面積率を確保できない場合がある。したがって、各元素の含有量は上記のとおりとする。ここで、Mo含有量は0.2%以下とすることが好ましい。なお、上記作用による効果をより確実に得るには、Cr:0.03%以上、Mo:0.01%以上およびB:0.0005%以上のいずれかを満足させることが好ましい。
CaおよびREMは、溶鋼の凝固過程において析出する酸化物や窒化物を微細化して、鋳片の健全性を高める作用を有する。したがって、これらの元素の1種または2種を含有させてもよい。しかし、いずれの元素も高価であるため、それぞれの元素の含有量は0.003%以下とする。これらの元素の合計含有量は0.005%以下とすることが好ましい。上記作用による効果をより確実に得るには、いずれかの元素を0.0005%以上含有させることが好ましい。ここで、REMとは、Sc、Y及びランタノイドの合計17元素を指し、ランタノイドの場合、工業的にはミッシュメタルの形で添加される。本発明におけるREMの含有量はこれらの元素の合計含有量を指す。
主相:50面積%以上のフェライトであり、かつ上記式(1)および(2)を満足する
軟質なフェライトを主相とすることによって、冷延鋼板の延性を高めることができる。さらに、主相であるフェライトが微細であって、傾角15°以上の大角粒界で規定されるフェライトの平均粒径dmが上記式(1)および(2)を満たすことにより、鋼板を加工した際に微細なクラックの発生と進展が抑制され、冷延鋼板の伸びフランジ性が向上する。また、細粒強化によって鋼の強度が向上する。なお、上記式(1)はC、Mn、Nb、TiおよびVによる組織の微細化作用を考慮したうえでフェライトの微細化の程度を規定する指標である。
主相および第2相の面積率はSEM断面観察により測定できる。また、残留オーステナイトの面積率は、X線回折法により求めた体積分率をそのまま面積率とする。こうして求めた残留オーステナイトの面積率を前記第2相の面積率から差し引くことにより、第2相のうちの低温変態相の合計面積率を求めることができる。
集合組織:板厚の1/2深さ位置において、{111}<145>、{111}<123>および{554}<225>方位のX線強度の平均が、集合組織を持たないランダムな組織のX線強度の平均の4.0倍以上
板厚の1/2深さ位置において{111}<145>、{111}<123>および{554}<225>の集積度を上記のように増加させることにより、伸びフランジ性が向上する。板厚の1/2深さ位置において、{111}<145>、{111}<123>および{554}<225>方位のX線強度の平均が、集合組織を持たないランダムな組織のX線強度の平均の4.0倍未満では、優れた伸びフランジ性を確保することが困難になる。したがって、冷延鋼板は上記の集合組織を有するようにする。
上記ミクロ組織および集合組織を満足することによって、引張強度(TS)が800MPa未満の鋼板では、下記式(8)を満足する高い加工性が得られる。また、引張強度(TS)が800MPa以上の鋼板では、下記式(9)を満足する高い加工性が得られる。
3×TS×El+TS×λ>85000 ・・・ (9)
ここで、TSは引張強度(MPa)、Elは全伸び(=破断伸び、%)、λは日本鉄鋼連盟規格JFS T 1001-1996で規定される穴拡げ率(%)である。
上述した冷延鋼板の表面に、耐食性の向上等を目的としてめっき層を設け、表面処理鋼板としてもよい。めっき層は電気めっき層であってもよく溶融めっき層であってもよい。電気めっき層としては、電気亜鉛めっき、電気Zn-Ni合金めっき等が例示される。溶融めっき層としては、溶融亜鉛めっき、合金化溶融亜鉛めっき、溶融アルミニウムめっき、溶融Zn-Al合金めっき、溶融Zn-Al-Mg合金めっき、溶融Zn-Al-Mg-Si合金めっき等が例示される。めっき付着量は特に制限されず、従来と同様でよい。また、めっき表面に適当な化成処理皮膜を形成(例えば、シリケート系のクロムフリー化成処理液の塗布と乾燥により)して、耐食性をさらに高めることも可能である。さらに、有機樹脂皮膜で被覆することもできる。
2.1-化学組成
化学組成は上記1.1に記載した通りである。
上記式(5)および(6)を満たす、大角粒界が多量に存在する微細組織を有する熱延鋼板に、冷間圧延後に急速加熱焼鈍を施すと、未再結晶フェライトが残存した状態で熱延鋼板の大角粒界であった位置から多数の微細なオーステナイトが生成する。生成した多数の微細なオーステナイト粒は、再結晶フェライト粒が熱延鋼板の旧粒界を超えて成長するのを抑制するので、微細な組織を有する冷延鋼板を得ることができる。
式(5)において、CおよびMnの含有量によりフェライト平均粒径dを規定しているのは、CおよびMnの含有量が高くなるにつれて冷延鋼板の延性が低下するため、冷間圧延に供する熱延鋼板をより微細な組織を有するものとすることによって冷延鋼板の組織をより微細なものとし、優れた延性を確保するためである。
2.3-焼鈍工程
上記冷間圧延工程により得られた冷延鋼板に、(Ae1点+10℃)に到達した時点でのフェライト未再結晶率が30面積%以上となる条件で(Ae1点+10℃)以上、(0.95×Ae3点+0.05×Ae1点)以下の温度域まで昇温した後、この温度域に30秒間以上保持することにより焼鈍を施す。
図3は、表5に記載の実施例2のうち、特に鋼種Bの冷延鋼板を500℃/秒の昇温速度で750℃へ加熱し、15秒間~300秒間保持した冷延鋼板について、TS×El値の変化を焼鈍保持時間に対して図示したものである。この結果から、本発明による冷延鋼板は、焼鈍時間を300秒間程度の長時間としても、粒成長が抑制され、安定した材質が得られることがわかる。一方、焼鈍時間が30秒間未満であると、鋼板の組織は再結晶を完了しておらず、結晶粒径が増加の途上にあったり、相変態が平衡状態に至らずに組織変態が中途の状態であったりする。そのため、加工性(伸び)に劣るほか、実機操業においては安定して均一な組織を得ることが困難となる。
冷間圧延工程に供する熱延鋼板は、冷間圧延工程の項において述べた条件、すなわち、前記化学組成と(5)および(6)式を満たすミクロ組織とを有する。その製造方法は特に規定されないが、使用する熱延鋼板は熱的安定性に優れていることが好ましい。好ましい熱延鋼板は、上記化学組成を有するスラブに、Ar3点以上で圧延を完了する熱間圧延を施し、圧延完了後0.4秒間以内に400℃/秒以上の平均冷却速度で750℃以下の温度域まで冷却する熱間圧延工程により製造することができる。
熱間圧延に供するスラブは、生産性の観点から連続鋳造により作製することが好ましい。スラブは、連続鋳造後の高温状態にあるものを用いてもよく、一旦室温まで冷却されたものを再加熱して用いてもよい。圧延設備の負荷を軽減し、圧延完了温度の確保を容易にする観点からは、熱間圧延に供するスラブの温度は1000℃以上とすることが好ましい。また、スケールロスによる歩留まり低下を抑制する観点からは、熱間圧延に供するスラブの温度は1400℃以下とすることが好ましい。
圧延中は鋼板をオーステナイト温度域に維持する必要があるため、圧延完了温度はAr3点以上とする。オーステナイトに導入された加工歪みが熱により回復するのを極力抑制するため、圧延完了温度はAr3点直上、具体的には(Ar3点+50℃)以下とすることが好ましい。
圧延完了から750℃以下への冷却に要する時間をより短時間とし、冷却速度をより大きくし、かつより低温まで冷却することが、熱延鋼板の組織をより微細にすることができるので、さらに好ましい。具体的には、圧延完了から750℃以下の温度域まで冷却する時間は0.2秒間以内とすることがさらに好ましい。圧延完了後0.4秒間以内に750℃以下の温度域まで冷却する時の平均冷却速度は600℃/秒以上とすることがさらに好ましく、800℃/秒以上とすることが特に好ましい。圧延完了後0.4秒間以内に400℃/秒以上の平均冷却速度で720℃以下の温度域まで冷却することがさらに好ましい。冷却する温度域はMs点以上とすることが好ましい。冷却方法は、水冷が好ましい。
上記製造方法により得られた冷延鋼板の表面には、耐食性の向上等を目的として上述したようなめっき層を備えさせて表面処理鋼板としてもよい。めっきは常法により実施すればよい。また、めっき後に適当な化成処理を施してもよい。
表1に示す化学組成を有する鋼種AA~ANの鋼塊を真空誘導炉で溶製した。表1には各鋼種のAe1点およびAe3点も示す。これらの変態温度は、後述の製造条件に従って冷間圧延まで行った鋼板を、5℃/秒の昇温速度で1000℃まで昇温した時に測定した熱膨張曲線から求めた。表1にはさらに(Ae1点+10℃)の値および(0.05Ae1+0.95Ae3)の数値、ならびに前記式(1)および式(5)の右辺の計算値も示す。
式(5)右辺=2.5+6000/(5+350×C+40×Mn)2
冷延鋼板のフェライト平均粒径dmは、熱延鋼板について述べたのと同じように、鋼板の板厚1/4深さの幅方向の断面組織においてSEM-EBSDを用いて求めた。第2相の平均粒径dsは、鋼板の板厚1/4深さの幅方向の断面組織において、第2相の粒子数Nと、第2相の面積率Aから、r=(A/Nπ)1/2により求めた。
A27、A28は、Nb含有量が0.052%であり、焼鈍中の再結晶の核生成が抑制され、冷延鋼板中に加工組織が残留した。このような加工組織の残留は、焼鈍時の加熱速度を増加させた場合に、より顕著となった。結果として、冷延鋼板の機械特性は加熱速度によらず、低いものとなった。
表4に示す化学組成を有する鋼種A~Kの鋼塊を真空誘導炉で溶製し、得られた鋼塊を熱間鍛造した後、熱間圧延に供するため、スラブ状の鋼片に切断した。これらのスラブを1000℃以上の温度で約1時間加熱した後、試験用小型ミルを用いて、表5に示す完了温度、圧延完了から750℃までの冷却時間、冷却速度(水冷)、滞留時間、急冷停止温度の条件で熱間圧延を行い、その後室温まで冷却し、板厚1.5mm~3.0mmの熱延鋼板を作製した。
この熱延鋼板を塩酸で酸洗し、30%以上の圧延率(表5に示す)で冷間圧延を行って鋼板の板厚を0.6mm~1.4mmまで減じた後、ラボスケールの焼鈍設備を用いて表5に示す加熱速度(昇温速度)、焼鈍温度および焼鈍時間で焼鈍を実験室規模の焼鈍設備を用いて行い、冷延鋼板を得た。均熱後の冷却は実施例1と同様に行った。
鋼種Kを用いて製造した鋼板No.45~47は、本発明で規定する化学組成を有していないため、直後急冷により熱間圧延を実施しても熱延鋼板のフェライト結晶粒径が大きくなった。その結果、焼鈍温度を変化させて、冷延鋼板のフェライト結晶粒の微細化はできず、引張強度は非常に低位となった。
Claims (9)
- 質量%で、C:0.01~0.3%、Si:0.01~2.0%、Mn:0.5~3.5%、P:0.1%以下、S:0.05%以下、Nb:0~0.03%、Ti:0~0.06%、V:0~0.3%、sol.Al:0~2.0%、Cr:0~1.0%、Mo:0~0.3%、B:0~0.003%、Ca:0~0.003%およびREM:0~0.003%以下を含有し、残部がFeおよび不純物からなる化学組成を有し、
主相としてフェライト:50面積%以上、第2相として、マルテンサイト、ベイナイト、パーライトおよびセメンタイトの1種または2種以上を含む低温変態相を合計で10面積%以上ならびに残留オーステナイトを0~3面積%含有し、かつ下記式(1)~(3)を満足するミクロ組織を有し、そして
板厚の1/2深さ位置において、{111}<145>、{111}<123>、{554}<225>のX線強度の平均が、集合組織を持たないランダムな組織のX線強度の平均の4.0倍以上である集合組織を有する、
ことを特徴とする冷延鋼板。
dm<2.7+10000/(5+300×C+50×Mn+4000×Nb+2000×Ti+400×V)2 ・・・ (1)
dm<4.0 ・・・ (2)
ds≦1.5 ・・・ (3)
ここで、
C、Mn、Nb、TiおよびVはそれぞれ該元素の含有量(単位:質量%)であり;
dmは傾角15°以上の大角粒界で規定されるフェライトの平均粒径(単位:μm)であり、そして
dsは第2相の平均粒径(単位:μm)である。 - 上記化学組成が、質量%で、Nb:0.003%以上、Ti:0.005%以上およびV:0.01%以上からなる群から選択される1種または2種以上を含有し、上記ミクロ組織が、下記式(4)を満足する、請求項1に記載の冷延鋼板。
dm<3.5 ・・・ (4)
ここで、dmは請求項1に記載した通りである。 - 上記化学組成が、質量%で、sol.Al:0.1質量%以上を含有する、請求項1または2に記載の冷延鋼板。
- 上記化学組成が、質量%で、Cr:0.03%以上、Mo:0.01%以上およびB:0.0005%以上からなる群から選択される1種または2種以上を含有する、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の冷延鋼板。
- 前記化学組成が、質量%で、Ca:0.0005%以上およびREM:0.0005%以上からなる群から選択される1種または2種を含有する、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の冷延鋼板。
- 鋼板表面にめっき層を有する、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の冷延鋼板。
- 下記工程(A)および(B)を有することを特徴とする冷延鋼板の製造方法:
(A)請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の化学組成を有し、かつ下記式(5)および(6)を満足するミクロ組織を有する熱延鋼板に冷間圧延を施して冷延鋼板とする冷間圧延工程;および
(B)工程(A)において得られた冷延鋼板に、(Ae1点+10℃)に到達した時点でのフェライト未再結晶率が30面積%以上となる条件で(Ae1点+10℃)以上、(0.95×Ae3点+0.05×Ae1点)以下の温度域まで昇温した後、この温度域に30秒間以上保持することにより焼鈍を施す焼鈍工程。
d<2.5+6000/(5+350×C+40×Mn)2 ・・・ (5)
d<3.5 ・・・ (6)
ここで、
CおよびMnはそれぞれ該元素の含有量(単位:質量%)であり;
dは傾角15°以上の大角粒界で規定されるフェライトの平均粒径(単位:μm)である。 - 前記熱延鋼板が、前記化学組成を有するスラブに、Ar3点以上で圧延を完了する熱間圧延を施し、圧延完了後0.4秒間以内に400℃/秒以上の平均冷却速度で750℃以下の温度域まで冷却する熱間圧延工程により得られたものである、請求項7に記載の冷延鋼板の製造方法。
- 前記工程(B)の後に、冷延鋼板にめっき処理を施す工程をさらに有する、請求項7または8に記載の冷延鋼板の製造方法。
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| BR112013004195-1A BR112013004195B1 (pt) | 2010-08-23 | 2011-08-22 | Chapa de aço laminada a frio e processo para produção da mesma |
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| KR1020137006956A KR101498398B1 (ko) | 2010-08-23 | 2011-08-22 | 냉연 강판 및 그 제조 방법 |
| CN201180051169.4A CN103180468B (zh) | 2010-08-23 | 2011-08-22 | 冷轧钢板及其制造方法 |
| EA201390277A EA022435B1 (ru) | 2010-08-23 | 2011-08-22 | Холоднокатаный стальной лист и способ его получения |
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| CN104487603A (zh) * | 2012-07-31 | 2015-04-01 | 新日铁住金株式会社 | 冷轧钢板、锌系电镀冷轧钢板、热浸镀锌冷轧钢板、合金化热浸镀锌冷轧钢板及它们的制造方法 |
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| JP2015145522A (ja) * | 2014-02-03 | 2015-08-13 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 冷延鋼板 |
| JP2015145523A (ja) * | 2014-02-03 | 2015-08-13 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | 冷延鋼板 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| EA201390277A1 (ru) | 2013-06-28 |
| TW201221657A (en) | 2012-06-01 |
| BR112013004195A2 (pt) | 2016-05-10 |
| BR112013004195B1 (pt) | 2018-06-12 |
| US9435013B2 (en) | 2016-09-06 |
| US20140144553A1 (en) | 2014-05-29 |
| EP2610357B1 (en) | 2019-12-18 |
| KR20130047757A (ko) | 2013-05-08 |
| CN103180468B (zh) | 2015-07-01 |
| EP2610357A4 (en) | 2017-11-08 |
| TWI449797B (zh) | 2014-08-21 |
| CN103180468A (zh) | 2013-06-26 |
| JP4941619B2 (ja) | 2012-05-30 |
| ES2765674T3 (es) | 2020-06-10 |
| EP2610357A1 (en) | 2013-07-03 |
| KR101498398B1 (ko) | 2015-03-03 |
| PL2610357T3 (pl) | 2020-05-18 |
| JPWO2012026419A1 (ja) | 2013-10-28 |
| EA022435B1 (ru) | 2015-12-30 |
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