[go: up one dir, main page]

WO2012023859A1 - Procédé et dispositif pour attirer une substance ayant des propriétés dipolaires sur la surface d'un objet dans un processus de distillation - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour attirer une substance ayant des propriétés dipolaires sur la surface d'un objet dans un processus de distillation Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2012023859A1
WO2012023859A1 PCT/NO2011/000225 NO2011000225W WO2012023859A1 WO 2012023859 A1 WO2012023859 A1 WO 2012023859A1 NO 2011000225 W NO2011000225 W NO 2011000225W WO 2012023859 A1 WO2012023859 A1 WO 2012023859A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fluid
accordance
vapour
condensing
electric field
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/NO2011/000225
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Harald Nes RISLÅ
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Viking Heat Engines AS
Original Assignee
Viking Heat Engines AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Viking Heat Engines AS filed Critical Viking Heat Engines AS
Publication of WO2012023859A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012023859A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0003—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation by using heat-exchange surfaces for indirect contact between gases or vapours and the cooling medium
    • B01D5/0015—Plates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0033—Other features
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0033—Other features
    • B01D5/0045—Vacuum condensation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0057—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes
    • B01D5/006—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes with evaporation or distillation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/48—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage with magnetic or electric fields

Definitions

  • An apparatus for distilling fluid characterized by there being one or more condensing units arranged in a container, and the at least one condensing unit being
  • the condensing unit(s) arranged, in an operating state, in an electric field, the electric field being non-uniform and concentrated in a direction towards the condensing unit(s).
  • a method of distilling fluid in which a raw fluid is carried into a container containing one or more condensing units, in which a non-uniform electric field concentrated in a direction towards the condensing unit(s) is created, and dipolar molecules are provided from the raw fluid, and by means of electrostatic force the molecules are concentrated at the condensing unit(s), the dipolarity of the molecules providing a charge potential relative to the condensing unit(s) large enough to move the molecules towards the condensing unit(s).
  • MSF multi-stage flash
  • MED multiple-effect distillation
  • VC vapour-compression
  • RO reverse-osmosis
  • LPLT low-pressure/low- temperature
  • MSF low-temperature thermal desalination
  • MED low-temperature thermal desalination
  • MSF typically requires 25 kWh per cubic metre.
  • RO is among the most energy- efficient ones, with energy consumption down towards 2.5 kWh per cubic metre in the largest plants.
  • distillation as this principle enables utilization of heat at low temperatures, which is cheap and easily available many places in the world. For example, in regions with great shortages of fresh water, there is often much irradiance as well. In other places, there may be much waste heat available from different activities. In cases like these, in which larger amounts of low-grade heat (for example, at lower temperatures such as 40-90 °C) are available, LPLT
  • distillation can be used as one of the few alternatives for fresh water production, in which the low-grade heat is included as the most important energy source.
  • the reason for this is that at lower pressures the boiling point of water is lower as well and, theoretically, boiling may occur right down towards 0 °C, depending on the pressure level. For example, at an absolute pressure of 23 millibars, the boiling point of water is just 20 °C. This also works the other way round; by vapour/liquid equilibrium in a closed vacuum tank containing some water at 20 °C, a pressure of approximately 23 mbars will be achieved at equilibrium.
  • LPLT LPLT
  • a closed container evaporator chamber
  • relatively warm water for example 50 °C
  • minerals, micro-organisms et cetera will remain in the residual water, also called brine.
  • a condenser which is actually a liquid/gas heat exchanger, communicates with the evaporator chamber, and by circulating a cold medium (for example 20 °C) in a closed circuit in the condenser, the heat of the vapour may be carried away, and the vapour will be condensed back into clean water.
  • vapour temperature in the condenser unit will always be lower than the input temperature of the supply water, as the reduction in pressure owing to the vacuum will also lead to the temperature of the vapour being lowered because of the adiabatic expansion occurring in the remaining vapour as a chilled surface condenses away the vapour present.
  • the vapour pressure that will be achieved in such a process will, in other words, be somewhere between the vapour pressures of water at the input temperature and condenser temperature, respectively.
  • the vapour temperature will also be somewhere between the temperature of the supply water and that of the condenser surface, respectively, but never as high as the input temperature. This results in just a minor portion of the heat available in the supply water being recoverable, because the vapour will not be able then to heat the cooling water in the condenser as high as up towards the input temperature .
  • the negative effects of vapour at low density and adiabatic temperature reduction may be counteracted by forcing the gas molecules towards the condensing surface by supplying kinetic energy, for example by increasing the pressure or by setting the gas into motion towards the condensing surface.
  • the first method is ruled out in a process using evaporation of water under low pressure, as the process will then stop. Setting the gas molecules into a more vigorous motion is not
  • Water molecules in vapour form
  • D debyes
  • a method and device for purifying a liquid comprising liquid particles and residual particles comprising the steps of a) heating the liquid to be cleaned of residual particles, b) carrying the liquid in the form of liquid droplets into a purification space, c) applying a similar electric charge to the liquid droplets and to the condensation surface, d) evaporating the liquid particles in the purification space, condensing the evaporated liquid particles so that they form a condensate on the condensation surface while, because of their having the same charge as the condensation surface, the liquid particles are repelled.
  • the condensate and the unevaporated droplets are carried away in separate drains.
  • vapour-to- liquid-phase apparatus which includes condensation-core-producing means and heat transfer means to bring about condensation of vapour into liquid.
  • the condensation-core-producing means create
  • condensation cores by evaporating an electrode substance by means of a flame arc.
  • the invention has for its object to remedy or reduce at least one of the drawbacks of the prior art, or at least provide a useful alternative to the prior art.
  • An apparatus comprising a container provided with a chamber in which a non-uniform electric field is created. Vapour is carried into this field, in which one or more condenser units are arranged.
  • the vapour may be provided from an external evaporator or by evaporating raw fluid which has been brought into the chamber, for example by evaporation from an internal water volume or from water particles being formed by raw water being injected through one or more nozzles .
  • the container in which the condensation takes place may exhibit any pressure, as the principle of the invention may be applied to different stages of multi-stage distillation processes, even where atmospheric pressure or overpressure is used, but the invention is particularly suitable in negative pressure distillation in which the condensation takes place in a negative pressure container.
  • the container is provided with barriers creating liquid collection around the condensing unit(s), directing the condensed water to the drain and keeping it separated from the injected raw water, water vapour and brine run-off, that is to say raw-water drops forming precipitation on the surfaces in the evaporation chamber.
  • the barriers also form drop catchers that prevent drops of injected water from mixing with the condensed water.
  • Non-condensable gases are carried out of the apparatus through a suitable port in the container.
  • the voltage supply may be an ordinary DC voltage source but may also be a static generator, for example a Van de Graaff generator or the like.
  • the condenser surface itself is not electrically charged. If, for example, an electric field is created between two metal plates by an electric potential difference having been established between them, the field between them will be substantially uniform apart from at their outer boundaries, at which the field will extend somewhat outwards, as it is illustrated in figure 4.
  • a nonuniform field is created by placing one or more or more physical objects in the field between the metal plates.
  • Such an object may be, for example, a metal pipe, a spiral of a pipe, a number of pipes between the metal plates or any other arrangement of a number of objects.
  • the electric field in towards an object will be deflected towards it, so that the strength of the electric field will increase the closer one gets to the object.
  • pipes are used, they may be part of the condenser, and even if the pipes will not have a net electric charge, forces are created between the pipes and the vapour, which will, in turn, lead to an increased rate of condensation on the pipes.
  • a cylindrical condensation tank may be made, formed out of an electrically conductive
  • a cooling liquid may be circulated.
  • An electric potential difference is created between the tank and the central pipe. Because of the
  • This embodiment may also include an assembly of several electrodes and condenser units as described above.
  • a cooling medium may often be electrically conductive, in particular if water containing minerals and ions is used.
  • the condenser is connected to earth through the cooling medium, and the condenser has the
  • a condensation tank is formed out of an electrically insulating material, and an electrically insulated condenser object is charged electrically, whereupon water vapour will be attracted and condensed at a higher rate than if the condensing unit was not charged.
  • the condensation tank is formed out of an electrically insulating material, in which two
  • the invention relates more specifically to an apparatus for distilling fluid, in which one or more condensing units are arranged in a container, characterized by the at least one condensing unit being arranged, in an operating state, in an electric field in the condensing chamber, the electric field being non-uniform and
  • the container may be arranged to be able to maintain an internal negative pressure.
  • the container may form a vapour chamber, in which, in an upstream portion, a raw-fluid inlet is arranged, and a condensing chamber, in which a downstream portion contains the at least one condensing unit.
  • the electric field may be provided by an electric DC voltage source being connected to one or more of the container, a centre electrode and one or more of the condensing units.
  • the electric DC voltage source may be a static generator.
  • the raw- fluid inlet may include one or more drop-producing injection nozzles.
  • the condenser may include a fluid barrier separating the upstream portion of the vapour chamber from the downstream portion of the condensing chamber.
  • a drop catcher may form a boundary of the vapour chamber towards one or more vapour ports forming each a passage between the vapour chamber and the condensing chamber.
  • the invention relates more specifically to a method of distilling fluid, in which a raw fluid is carried into a container containing one or more condensing units, characterized by the method including the further steps of:
  • the method may be practised by a negative pressure in the container .
  • the method may include the further step of :
  • the method may include the further step of:
  • the method may include the further step of:
  • the method may include the further step of :
  • the raw fluid may be contaminated water or salt water.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a water molecule, H 2 0
  • Figure 2 shows a simplified model of the dipole depicted as two equally large, opposite point charges connected by a rod
  • Figure 3 shows a net force which will be applied to a water molecule which is in a non-uniform electric field
  • Figure 4 shows schematically a uniform electric field, in which a potential difference has been applied to two electrically conductive plates (usually metal) ;
  • Figure 5 shows schematically a non-uniform electric field, in which, between the two energized plates
  • Figure 6 shows schematically a non-uniform electric field created between a metal pipe and a metal plate
  • Figure 7 shows schematically a non-uniform electric field created between a metal pipe and two metal plates flanking it
  • Figure 8 shows schematically a non-uniform electric field created between two metal pipes
  • Figure 9 shows schematically a classic example of a coaxial arrangement, in which a pipe is arranged coaxially in a larger pipe and a symmetrical but still nonuniform electric field is created in an annular space between the pipes;
  • Figure 10 shows a more complex way of creating a non-uniform electric field, as pointed conductive objects are arranged on the surface of an electrical conductor
  • Figures 11a and lib illustrate how a water molecule is
  • Figures 12-14 show one-dimensionally indefinitely repeatable arrangements of the basic arrangements shown in figures 5, 6 and 7, respectively;
  • Figures 15-16 show a two-dimensionally indefinitely
  • Figures 17a and 17b show, respectively, a radial section, indicated by a-a in figure 17b, and an axial section, indicated by b-b in figure 17a, through an embodiment of an electrostatic vacuum condenser;
  • Figure 18 show a possible distribution of the electric field that will form in the condenser shown in figures 17a and 17b;
  • Figures 19a and 19b show the direction of force on water
  • Figure 20 show a complex arrangement consisting of several electrode arrangements as shown in figure 19b;
  • Figures 21a and 21b show more complex assemblies of possible electrostatic condenser solutions;
  • Figure 22 shows an alternative embodiment of the condenser according to the invention in an axial section.
  • the reference numeral 1 indicates a water molecule formed by one hydrogen atom H and two oxygen atoms O.
  • a dipole distance that is to say the statistical distance between the opposite charges, is indicated by the distance 1 in figures 1 and 2.
  • the water molecule 1 is most positive in the regions around the hydrogen atoms H and most negative around the oxygen atom O, as the oxygen atom O has a greater tendency to attract the negatively charged electrons than the hydrogen atoms H have.
  • a dipole In addition to the dipole distance 1, a dipole has a
  • the dipole moment which is the product of the electric charge and the dipole distance, and in the case of a molecule (as opposed to a number of free charges or ions having different ion numbers), the dipole moment is constant.
  • the dipole moment of the water molecule 1 is constant and is 6.2 x 10 "30 Cm (coulomb metres) . This is very small because the electric elementary charge (the charge of an electron or a proton) is small in itself (measured in
  • the statistical separation distance 1 between the asymmetrical charges of the water molecule 1 is very small, only 0.0039 nm, or 3.9 x 10 -12 m.
  • the vectorial direction of the dipole moment always goes from a negative charge towards a positive one.
  • a net force F will be applied to a water molecule 1 which is in a non-uniform electric field 2 (see figure 5) . If the same molecule is placed in a uniform electric field 2a (see figure 4) , the net force exerted on the molecule 1 will be 0. The moment, on the other hand, does not have to be 0, depending on the rotation/direction of the molecule 1. The reason why a non-uniform electric field 2 will result in a net force F on the molecule 1 is that the separation between the
  • Figure 4 shows a classic example in which a potential
  • subfields 2b but, in practice, it may be said that as long as one is well within the outer limits of the metal plates 30, 31, the field 2a may be counted as uniform.
  • the uniform field is indicated by the field lines being parallel and having the same distance from each other.
  • a method for creating a non-uniform electric field 2 between two energized metal plates 30, 31 is placing a conductor 321 or an insulator 322 in the resulting electric field, as illustrated in figure 5.
  • the conductive or insulating objects 321, 322 will then attract the electric- field lines in such a way that they are condensed, the field gradient increasing in towards them.
  • the electric field 2 will pass through it, whereas for the conductor 321, it will follow its outside, as the electric field internally in electrical conductors will always be 0 according to Faraday (ref. Faraday's cage).
  • Figure 6 shows a non-uniform electric field 2 between a metal pipe 321 and a metal plate 30.
  • the electric- field strength will, in this case, increase in towards the metal pipe 321, and this is illustrated by the field lines becoming . condensed in towards it.
  • the pipe 321 is positively charged relative to the metal plate 30. This may be done, for example, by connecting a voltage generator / voltage source 38 (see figure 17b) to the two objects 30, 321, wherein a positive electrode (not shown) is connected to the metal pipe 321, and a negative electrode (not shown), often defined as earth, is connected to the plate 30.
  • figure 7 which shows a variant of the device in
  • a pipe 321 with a positive electric potential is arranged between two negative metal plates 30, 30, and the electric- field lines extend towards the pipe 321 from both plates 30, 30.
  • Figure 8 shows a classic example of a non-uniform electric field 2 created between two metal pipes 321 with opposite electric potentials. It is worth noting that the electric field 2 between the pipes 321 is condensed towards both pipes 321, and the lowest field strength is found halfway between the pipes 321. This means in practice that dipole molecules 1 will be attracted to both pipes 321, but always to the pipe 321 which is the nearest, as the position-dependent field strength will be highest here.
  • Figure 9 shows a classic example of a coaxial arrangement, in this case a pipe 31, hereinafter also called centre electrode, inside a larger pipe 30.
  • a symmetrical, but still non-uniform, electric field 2 is created in an annular space between the pipes 30, 31.
  • the field strength increases in towards the centre electrode 31. This can be seen visually by the field lines in towards the centre electrode 31 being convergent .
  • FIG. 10 A more complex way of creating a non-uniform electric field is shown in figure 10.
  • an electrical conductor for example a plate or a pipe 30, 31
  • FIGS 11a and lib illustrate how a net force is applied to a water molecule 1 in the non-uniform electric field 2 in a coaxial assembly.
  • Figure lib illustrates the dipolar properties of the water in the form of a simplified rod/ball representation of the molecule 1. It is pointed out that, visually, it has not been taken into account that the forces on the molecules do in fact increase with the proximity to the centre electrode 31, as, for simplicity, all the power symbols have been drawn with equal lengths. Actually, the forces F increase the closer the dipoles 1 are to the centre electrode 31. Figure 11a only gives an illustration of the directions of the forces F.
  • figures 12-14 may be termed one- dimensionally indefinitely repeatable because they have been repeated only along one longitudinal direction/axis , from left to right, or vice versa, in the figures 12-14.
  • the figures 12-16 show that electrode arrangements may be extended, so that condensers of different sizes may be achieved, according to whatever the need may be. This idea may also be extended into including three-dimensionally repeatable arrangements.
  • a practical embodiment of an electrostatic condenser 3 is shown in figure 17a in a radial section and in figure 17b in an axial section.
  • a centre pipe 31 which is electrically isolated from the condenser tank 30 and is provided with an electrically conductive middle portion 31a which is connected to a voltage source 38 via a wire 311 which has been extended into the condenser 3 through a pressure-tight nipple 312.
  • the condenser tank 30 may be constituted by, for example, a metal pipe or a plastic pipe whose ends are closed with electrically insulating end covers 301 that hold the centre pipe 31 fixed at the same time.
  • the condenser tank 30 is formed out of a metal pipe, this will have to be earthed and will then function as an outer electrode as well. The distribution of the electric field 2 created within the condenser tank 30 will then be different than if this consists of a plastic pipe, which is an
  • a vapour inlet 35 and a condensate outlet 33 are arranged in the condenser tank 30.
  • the centre pipe 31 is provided with radial cut-outs 315 for vapour pressure balancing between the annular space of the condenser 3 and the interior of the centre pipe 31.
  • the condenser 3 is provided with an outlet 34 for evacuating non-condensable gases.
  • a bottom portion 313 of the centre pipe 31 forms a fluid barrier 312 between the vapour chamber 37 and the condensing chamber 371.
  • Figure 18 shows the distribution of the electric field 2 which is formed in the condenser 3 described above and shown in figures 17a and 17b. On a larger scale, a section of the field 2 is shown as well, in which it is indicated how the forces F are applied to the water molecules 1 in consequence of the water molecules 1 being in the non-uniform electric field 2.
  • the field that is shown in figure 18 is basically conditional on the condensing units 321 being formed out of cooling pipes 321b electrically insulated against the cooling liquid, so that it will not have any connection to earth via an electrically conductive, non-pure cooling liquid. Such insulation may be carried out by applying an electrically insulating layer (not shown) to the inside of the cooling pipe 321b, for example.
  • Figure 19a shows a section of the field 2 which will form in the condenser 3 described above if the cooling pipe 321a is earthed. In that case, most of the field lines will terminate in the cooling pipe 321a, instead of passing via this and in to the external wall 30 of the condenser 3, as shown in figure 18.
  • Figure 19b shows a section of the field 2 which will form in the condenser 3 described above if two separate cooling pipes 321a are used in the condenser 3, the two being of opposite polarities. The field lines will then extend from the
  • Figure 20 shows a complex arrangement consisting of several electrode arrangements in accordance with figure 19b.
  • Figure 21a shows a solution in which several intermediate pipes 30' are arranged concentrically in the annular space between the condenser tank 30 and the centre electrode 31, and in which the cooling pipes 321b, which are arranged in the annular space formed by the intermediate pipes 30' and the centre electrode 31, do not have the function as
  • concentric electrodes 30, 30', 31 are condensing objects for the electric fields 2 that will form between the, in this case, concentric electrodes 30, 30', 31.
  • the concentric electrodes 30, 30', 31 in this arrangement have alternatingly opposite polarities in a radial direction. Every other electrode 30, 30' in this arrangement is also earthed, that is to say that one set of electrodes 30, 30' is defined with an electric potential equalling the earth potential .
  • Figure 21b shows a solution in which the cooling pipes 321a are earthed and function as electrodes. There are also several concentric non-earthed electrodes formed by- intermediate pipes 30' which will then be of an opposite polarity relative to the cooling pipes 321a. For safety reasons, the outer wall/pipe of the condenser tank 30 will have to be earthed, but will, basically, not have a function as an electrode.
  • Figure 22 shows an axial section through an exemplary
  • the centre pipe 31 (the centre electrode) forms a vapour chamber 37 which is provided, in an upstream portion, with a raw-fluid inlet 35 including injection nozzles 351 and being connected to an evaporator (not shown) via a vapour line 352, and also, in a downstream portion, is provided with several vapour ports 315 forming connections to an upstream portion of the annular space outside the centre pipe 31.
  • the annular space forms a condensing chamber 371 which is provided with a condensate drain 33 including several condensate outlets 331 connected to a condensate line 332.
  • a lower portion of the centre pipe 31 forms a fluid-tight barrier 312 between the raw water and the condensate.
  • the centre pipe 31 is provided with a drop catcher 314 arranged to inhibit the movement of raw-water drops through the vapour ports 315 and into the condensing chamber 371.
  • a drop catcher 314 arranged to inhibit the movement of raw-water drops through the vapour ports 315 and into the condensing chamber 371.
  • several condensing units 321 are arranged, provided with condensing surfaces 322 to improve the condensation efficiency. Electrical conductors and electrical insulation means are not shown, as, with respect to the provision of an electric potential and field
  • the condenser 3 may be built in accordance with the principles described above.
  • the exemplary embodiment shown may be connected directly to an external evaporator (not shown) without the use of injection nozzles 351.
  • the vapour chamber 37 and the condensing chamber 371 may be a continuous volume without defined barriers, as raw fluid and vapour are already effectively separated in the external evaporator. This entails that the task of the centre pipe 31 as a fluid barrier is eliminated, and the form of the centre pipe 31 as a mere electrode can be changed substantially in relation to what is shown in figure 22.
  • the condenser 3 is meant to operate at pressures lower than atmospheric pressure, at vacuum, that is.
  • air and other non-condensable gases are evacuated by means of a vacuum pump (not shown) which is connected to the gas outlet 34.
  • the vacuum pump continues pumping after the process has started, as water always contains a certain amount of non-condensable gases. These must be removed because they prevent efficient heat transmission between the water vapour to be condensed and the condensation arrangement 32 of the condenser 3.
  • Chilled cooling liquid is circulated through the cooling pipes 321a, 321b.
  • the cooling liquid absorbs as much as possible of the heat of the incoming water vapour through the wall of the cooling pipes 321a, 321b, so that the water vapour is condensed into liquid form.
  • the condensable dipolar water vapour is carried into the condenser 3 via the vapour inlet from the external evaporator (not shown) .
  • the water vapour will condense into liquid when it gets into contact with the cold condensing units 321.
  • the system operates under vacuum all the time, as it is possible, by lowering the pressure, to lower the boiling point of the liquid, for example salty raw water, and then it will be possible to utilize the thermal energy stored in the liquid which would not otherwise be utilizable if the system had operated under normal
  • this condenser 3 is also meant to function as a condenser in a water treatment system, for example a water desalination system, it is also possible in such a case to implement an evaporator part (not shown) in the centre pipe 31 of the condenser 3 instead of introducing vapour from an external evaporator.
  • the inlet 35 then carries raw water which is to be purified into the condenser 3, it being atomized by means of the injection nozzles 351.
  • the raw water may also be carried into the condenser 3 without atomization, as the raw water will boil by low temperature in the negative pressure container 30.
  • a residual-fluid drain 36 is arranged in the lower portion of the centre pipe 31 to drain the brine from the centre pipe 31 of the condenser.
  • the raw water may be taken directly from a water source or be conveyed via the condensation arrangement 32 in which it is utilized as a cooling liquid in order thereby to be supplied with thermal energy.
  • the system must have more pressure-adjusting means (not shown) , known per se, than the pump, not shown, connected to the gas outlet 34, as the pressure should also be controlled relative to the other inlets 35 and the outlets 33, 36 of the system.
  • the extended pressure system is not a subject of this application, which focuses mainly on the exploitation of electrostatic
  • an external high-voltage generator 38 (see figure 17b) is activated. This may provide voltage of up to several tens of kilovolts or even higher.
  • the high-voltage generator 38 has an earth connection which is connected to a common earthing bus in the system.
  • one or more components 30, 31, 321 in the condenser 3 is/are earthed as well, so that the whole system is
  • the high-voltage generator 38 has one or more outputs (not shown) for high- voltage electrodes.
  • a high-voltage output on the high-voltage generator 38 is connected to the centre electrode 31 of the condenser 3 by means of a high-voltage cable 311 which may be inserted through a pressure-tight nipple 311a (see figure 17b) .
  • the polarity of the electrode may be negative or positive relative to the common earthing bus of the system. The case is, in fact, that the electrode polarity must often be specified when industrial high-voltage generators are purchased. It is assumed that in the exemplary embodiments discussed, the polarity is positive, and earth will then be negative relative thereto.
  • a characteristic electric field will form between the centre pipe 31 and earthed components in the system.
  • the aim is here to create non-uniform electric fields, the strength of the field increasing in towards the condensing units 321, so that dipolar gas molecules 1 that are to be condensed will be attracted towards them.
  • the heat transmission between the gas and the condensing units 321 will be enhanced in that all the individual forces F acting from the gas molecules in towards the condensing units 321 increase.
  • the practical result of this will be that the local pressure and also the local density of the gas molecules in the immediate vicinity of the condensing units 321 will increase, and then the heat transmission will increase as well.
  • a fluid of high density has a higher thermal capacity per unit of volume than the same fluid at a lower density.
  • the important result of this is that the heat transmission can be increased without an increase in the size of the heat-exchanger surfaces 322 of the condenser 3 being required, and thereby the cost and size characteristics of the system may be improved.
  • a higher temperature is achieved in the vapour at the
  • the invention also includes the condensation of other fluids with dipolar molecules through gas concentration by means of non-uniform electric fields.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil (3) pour distiller un fluide, dans lequel une ou plusieurs unités de condensation (321) sont agencées dans un récipient (30) et dans lequel, dans un état de fonctionnement, ladite au moins une unité de condensation (321) est disposée dans un champ électrique (2), le champ électrique (2) n'étant pas uniforme et étant concentré dans la direction de la ou des unités de condensation (321). L'invention concerne également un procédé de distillation d'un fluide par utilisation d'un appareil selon l'invention.
PCT/NO2011/000225 2010-08-18 2011-08-16 Procédé et dispositif pour attirer une substance ayant des propriétés dipolaires sur la surface d'un objet dans un processus de distillation Ceased WO2012023859A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO20101159A NO20101159A1 (no) 2010-08-18 2010-08-18 Framgangsmate og anordning for tiltrekking av et stoff med dipolegenskaper til en objektoverflate i en destilleringsprosess
NO20101159 2010-08-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012023859A1 true WO2012023859A1 (fr) 2012-02-23

Family

ID=45605336

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/NO2011/000225 Ceased WO2012023859A1 (fr) 2010-08-18 2011-08-16 Procédé et dispositif pour attirer une substance ayant des propriétés dipolaires sur la surface d'un objet dans un processus de distillation

Country Status (2)

Country Link
NO (1) NO20101159A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012023859A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014175980A3 (fr) * 2013-03-20 2015-03-19 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Condensation sur des surfaces
CN112791857A (zh) * 2020-12-29 2021-05-14 江苏双良低碳产业技术研究院有限公司 双极雾滴捕集装置

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4670026A (en) * 1986-02-18 1987-06-02 Desert Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for electrostatic extraction of droplets from gaseous medium
US6302944B1 (en) * 1999-04-23 2001-10-16 Stuart Alfred Hoenig Apparatus for extracting water vapor from air
US20010029842A1 (en) * 2000-04-18 2001-10-18 Hoenig Stuart A. Apparatus using high electric fields to extract water vapor from an air flow
WO2008088211A2 (fr) * 2007-01-18 2008-07-24 Stichting Wetsus Centre Of Excellence For Sustainable Water Technology Procédé et dispositif pour purifier un liquide

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4670026A (en) * 1986-02-18 1987-06-02 Desert Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for electrostatic extraction of droplets from gaseous medium
US6302944B1 (en) * 1999-04-23 2001-10-16 Stuart Alfred Hoenig Apparatus for extracting water vapor from air
US20010029842A1 (en) * 2000-04-18 2001-10-18 Hoenig Stuart A. Apparatus using high electric fields to extract water vapor from an air flow
WO2008088211A2 (fr) * 2007-01-18 2008-07-24 Stichting Wetsus Centre Of Excellence For Sustainable Water Technology Procédé et dispositif pour purifier un liquide

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014175980A3 (fr) * 2013-03-20 2015-03-19 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Condensation sur des surfaces
US10161037B2 (en) 2013-03-20 2018-12-25 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Condensation on surfaces
CN112791857A (zh) * 2020-12-29 2021-05-14 江苏双良低碳产业技术研究院有限公司 双极雾滴捕集装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO20101159A1 (no) 2012-02-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US9771278B2 (en) High efficiency, large scale desalination system
US9428403B2 (en) Large scale insulated desalination system
US7159646B2 (en) Electrohydrodynamically (EHD) enhanced heat transfer system and method with an encapsulated electrode
US20200001197A1 (en) Stacked type falling film evaporator, zero liquid discharge system comprising the same, and zero liquid discharging method using the same
US20100065510A1 (en) Desalination method and device
US20140367244A1 (en) Controlled Thin Film Vapor Generator for Liquid Volume Reduction
AU2016260525B2 (en) Liquid purification with film heating
CN101641293B (zh) 用于净化液体的方法和装置
WO2012023859A1 (fr) Procédé et dispositif pour attirer une substance ayant des propriétés dipolaires sur la surface d'un objet dans un processus de distillation
US10350508B2 (en) Controlled thin film vapor generator for liquid volume reduction
WO2007013099A1 (fr) Nouveau systeme de dessalement d'un effluent industriel ou d'une eau saline en vue d'une reutilisation industrielle ou pour l'obtention d'une qualite potable
EP1162177A1 (fr) Dispositif de purification électrostatique d'un fluide et procédé de purification d'un fluide
CN104399265B (zh) 一种电场强化板式降膜蒸发装置及其方法
EP2959951A1 (fr) Distillation à effets multiples
US20250332525A1 (en) Devices and systems for treating water and other fluids
KR102039925B1 (ko) 정전 분무를 이용한 이온수 농축 장치
CN102863056B (zh) 电喷雾水处理技术及系统
CN204293894U (zh) 一种电场强化管式降膜蒸发装置
KR101679766B1 (ko) 막증류에 의한 담수 제조장치
CN104436719B (zh) 一种电场强化管式降膜蒸发装置及其方法
KR102249610B1 (ko) 증발식 해수 담수화 장치 및 방법
WO2009102404A1 (fr) Dessalement
US8287710B2 (en) System for electrostatic desalination
Vasiliu et al. Efficiency of Water Extraction in an Electrostatic Wire-Cylinder System
CN204293893U (zh) 一种电场强化板式降膜蒸发装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 11818445

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 11818445

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1