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WO2012006614A2 - Lentille de projection axiale à décalage - Google Patents

Lentille de projection axiale à décalage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012006614A2
WO2012006614A2 PCT/US2011/043529 US2011043529W WO2012006614A2 WO 2012006614 A2 WO2012006614 A2 WO 2012006614A2 US 2011043529 W US2011043529 W US 2011043529W WO 2012006614 A2 WO2012006614 A2 WO 2012006614A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
image
lens
offset
optical axis
optical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2011/043529
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2012006614A3 (fr
Inventor
Patrick R. Destain
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Texas Instruments Japan Ltd
Texas Instruments Inc
Original Assignee
Texas Instruments Japan Ltd
Texas Instruments Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Texas Instruments Japan Ltd, Texas Instruments Inc filed Critical Texas Instruments Japan Ltd
Priority to JP2013519739A priority Critical patent/JP2013532313A/ja
Priority to CN2011800425716A priority patent/CN103080833A/zh
Publication of WO2012006614A2 publication Critical patent/WO2012006614A2/fr
Publication of WO2012006614A3 publication Critical patent/WO2012006614A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
    • G03B21/14—Details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/18—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical projection, e.g. combination of mirror and condenser and objective

Definitions

  • This relates to the field of projection display systems. More particularly, this invention relates to projection optics used by projection display systems.
  • Display systems generally may be grouped into direct view displays and projection displays.
  • Direct view displays allow direct observation of the object plane by the user of the direct view display system.
  • Projection display systems project light from an object plane onto an image plane such that the user of the projection display system views light from the image plane.
  • the image plane of a projection display system may be a front projection surface, in which the display system and the viewer are located on the same side of the image plane, or a rear projection surface, in which the display system and the viewer are located on opposite sides of the image plane. Unless otherwise stated, the concepts taught herein apply to both front and rear projection display systems.
  • Projection display systems rely on light from the object plane.
  • This light may be emitted from a display panel located at the object plane, for example by a plasma discharge panel, an array of light emitting diodes, or the phosphor screen of a cathode ray tube, or any other source of light.
  • the light may be transmitted or reflected by a display panel located at the object plane, for example by a micromirror array, a transmissive liquid crystal device, a reflective liquid crystal device, a photographic slide, or any physical object capable of reflecting incident light.
  • the invention provides a method and system for creating images having a high image offset while maintaining a small form factor, a short throw, or both a small form factor and a short throw.
  • One embodiment provides a projection lens comprising a display panel having an optical axis, a first lens group introducing image offset in a first direction relative to the optical axis, and an optical shifter shifting the optical path in a direction opposite the image offset.
  • a projection lens comprising a display panel having an optical axis, a first lens group substantially collimating light from the display panel and introducing image offset in a first direction relative to the optical axis, and a second lens group focusing an image of the display panel on an image plane, wherein elements in the first lens group are offset relative to each other.
  • a projection lens comprising a display panel having an optical axis, a first lens group substantially collimating light from the display panel and introducing image offset in a first direction relative to the optical axis, and a second lens group focusing an image of the display panel on an image plane, wherein elements in the first lens group are offset relative to each the optical axis by no more than 20% of a height of the display panel while the image has an image offset of 100% or more.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a projection display system illustrating the throw ratio of the projector.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a typical projection display system illustrating a relationship between the display panel, projection lens, and display screen.
  • FIGS. 3A - 3C are schematic views of projection display systems illustrating various amounts of image offset.
  • FIGS. 4-5 are schematic views of projection display systems illustrating image offsets.
  • FIG. 6 is a block schematic view of a projection lens illustrating three groups of optical elements.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a projection lens illustrating offset relative to a display panel.
  • FIGS. 8-12 are schematic views of optical shifters according to embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a portion of a projection lens illustrating a tilted lens group according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a projection lens through the XZ plane according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic view of the projection lens of FIG. 14 through the XY plane.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic view of a projection lens through the XZ plane according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic view of the projection lens of FIG. 16 through the XY plane.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic view of a projection lens through the XZ plane according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic view of the projection lens of FIG. 18 through the XY plane.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a projection display system 100 projecting an image onto an image plane 102.
  • the projector 100 is positioned at a distance 104 from the image plane 102 and, at that distance, projects an image having a height 106 and a width 108.
  • FIG. 2 is simplified schematic view of a typical projection display system 200 illustrating a relationship between the display panel, projection lens, and display screen.
  • the planes in which the display panel 202, projection lens 204, and display screen 206 are located are all arranged to be perpendicular to a common optical axis 208.
  • the optical axis 208 passes through the center of the display panel 202 and the display screen 206. Because the three components shown in FIG. 2 are centered on the optical axis 208—that is the three components are not offset from the optical axis— the system shown in FIG. 2 is considered to have no offset.
  • projection lens 204 is shown as a single positive lens, it should be understood that this illustration is purely for convenience and is not intended to be an actual representation of a projection lens. Unless otherwise indicated expressly or by context, the terms lens and projection lens are used generically to indicate a single lens or a lens system comprised of optical elements. Likewise, illustrations of lenses and lens systems as a single lens, a group of lenses, or as a block are not intended to be limiting, and unless indicated expressly or by the context include single lenses, groups of lenses, and lenses in combination with additional optical elements.
  • FIG. 3A is a schematic side view of a projector 300 and screen 302 illustrating a zero offset configuration. While the optical architecture of the projector 300 is relatively simple and efficient, the use of such a projector can be challenging in many applications. For example, if the projector 300 is mounted against the ceiling of a room, nearly all of the top half of the projected image would be blocked by the ceiling. Projectors with zero offset that are mounted to the ceiling of a room are often mounted on an extension to hold the projector away from the ceiling. The long extension necessary to space the projector away from the ceiling is not only unsightly and sometimes unstable, it moves the projector into to the field of view of many of the people in the room and therefore is distracting.
  • An alternative to a long extension mount is to mount the projector at an angle relative to the ceiling to prevent the image from striking the ceiling.
  • mounting the projector to have an optical axis angled down toward the wall results in the projected image having significant keystoning— in which the bottom edge of the image is wider than the top edge of the image and the two sides of the image are not parallel with either other or perpendicular to either the top or bottom edges.
  • Portable projectors typically are placed on a table top surface. With zero offset, nearly half the projected image impinges on the table or, if the projector is placed to project over an edge of the table, nearly half of the image is projected onto the screen at a level below the table top wherein it is difficult for people sitting around the table to see.
  • the portable projector is angled upwards to project the image away from the table, but as was the case with a projector angled down toward a screen, angling the projector upwards creates an undesirable keystone effect.
  • FIG. 3B is a schematic side view of a projection system 306 which is designed offset the image projected onto the screen 302 to one side of the optical axis 304.
  • the projector shown in FIG. 3B is considered to have 100% image offset because the image projected onto the screen 302 is entirely on one side of the optical axis 304.
  • the image offset will be considered to be the distance from the optical axis to the center of the image divided by half the height of the image.
  • the image offset typically is calculated by defining the optical axis as the optical axis of the projection lens, for reasons that will become apparent the optical axis will be defined herein as being the axis perpendicular to the display panel and passing through the center of the display panel.
  • FIG. 3C is a schematic side view of a projection system 306 which is designed to offset the image projected onto the screen 302 to one side of the optical axis 304.
  • the projector 308 shown in FIG. 3C is considered to have 150% image offset because the image projected onto the screen 302 is entirely one side of the optical axis 304 and separated from the optical axis by a distance equal to 25% of the image size in the direction in which the image is offset— in this case vertically in FIG. 3C.
  • the offset distance that is the distance from the optical axis to the center of the image, is 150% of the height of the image divided by two.
  • image offset typically is implemented by shifting the display panel 402 relative to the projection lens 404.
  • the shift of the display panel 402 relative to the projection lens 404 more particularly perpendicular to the optical axis 406 of the projection lens 404, results in a proportional, opposite shift of the image of the display system on the image plane or display screen 408.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the field of view 502 of a projection lens 504 on an object plane 506, and a corresponding field of view 508 on an image plane 510.
  • the object field of view 502 and the image field of view 508 are both shown centered about the optical axis 512 of the projection lens 504.
  • the field of view of a lens often is referred to as the angular sweep of rays entering the lens that are focused onto the image plane.
  • the field of view is illustrated as the area on the object plane from which rays may enter the pupil of the lens.
  • the size of the lens must be increased, or the focal length of the projection lens must be increased. Both of these alternatives have undesirable effects. Increasing the size of the lens increases not only the form factor of the projector, it also increases the weight and the cost of the projector.
  • a well corrected projection lens generally has a focal length that is approximately two times the diameter of the portion of the object plane being imaged in a zero offset projector. Increasing the focal length of the projection lens results in a corresponding increase in the throw of the projection lens, which makes it more difficult to use a projector in many environments. [0041] Even traditional projectors benefit from the invention disclosed herein. Utilizing the invention taught herein allows a traditional projector to use a smaller, lower-cost projection lens without having to increase the throw of the projection system.
  • a substantial portion of the projection lens in a 100% offset display system is not used to produce the image of the display panel.
  • elements of the projection lens may be trimmed to reduce the materials required to produce the lens as well as to reduce the size and weight of the projection lens.
  • Achieving a large image offset is very important to consumer acceptance of a projector product.
  • projector manufacturers either pass on the additional cost of the larger optics or compromise the lens design in other ways to keep the cost of the lens in balance.
  • a slower lens may be used to reduce the size and cost of the lens.
  • a slower lens reduces the image brightness.
  • Another way to limit the cost and weight impact of the larger lens system is to substitute plastic lens elements for some glass lens elements, but this alternative may reduce the image quality of the lens.
  • the form factor of the pico projector means that the lens cannot simply be shifted relative to the display panel, as any shift in the lens relative to the display panel requires the thickness of the projector to be increased.
  • the size of the display panel cannot be reduced without a loss in brightness efficiency.
  • a slower lens cannot be used without a loss in brightness efficiency.
  • the thickness of the projector will be considered to be in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the projection path in the direction of the optical offset.
  • the projector thickness is aligned with the shorter of the two orthogonal dimensions of the display panel as the image of the display panel is aligned to be wider than it is high by the aspect ratio, typically 16:9 or 4:3, of the display panel.
  • the form factor of the pico projector must be kept as thin as practical— currently around 7mm or less, it is very important to achieve the desired image offset without using an offset lens that increases the thickness of the display.
  • a cell phone or similarly sized projector has limited power available from the device's battery.
  • the limited power already presents very demanding efficiency requirements in order to produce a suitably bright image, and generally it is unacceptable to utilize inefficient, slower optics, which would reduce either the brightness of the display or require the use of a brighter illumination source and the corresponding decrease in the battery-based operation time of the display in order to achieve the desired image offset without using larger optics.
  • the invention provides several novel methods of and systems for creating a large image offset without a corresponding large physical offset between the display panel and the projection lens.
  • These methods and systems include shifting the optical ray bundle in a direction opposite the image offset in order to achieve the effect of offsetting the lens without the impact on the thickness of the display system, decentering some of the lens elements relative to other lens elements, and tilting some of the lens elements— generally about the aperture of the projection lens.
  • These methods are used individually or in combination to achieve a substantial image offset without a correspondingly substantial offset of the projection lens and the accompanying substantial increase in the size of the projection lens.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic side view of the lens system 600.
  • the optical axis 610 extends in the x-direction from the object plane to the image plane.
  • the other dimension shown in FIG. 6 is considered the z-direction.
  • the z-direction typically is oriented in the projectors to extend from the base of the projector through the top of the projector and is considered to extend in the positive direction toward the top of FIG. 6.
  • the direction of desired image offset is assumed to be in the positive z-direction toward the top of FIG. 6.
  • the projection lens 600 shown in FIG. 6 comprises three groups of optical elements.
  • a first group 602 is located closest to the object plane of the lens and is often called a rear group when describing a projection lens.
  • a second group 604 is located next to the first group 602.
  • a third group 606 which is located closest to the image plane of the lens and is often call a front group when describing a projection lens.
  • Each of the groups is comprised of one or more optical elements.
  • the first group 602 of optical elements cooperates to collect rays of light originating in the field of view of the lens on the object plane and focuses the collected rays into a substantially collimated bundle of light rays.
  • the bundle of light rays from the first group typically is collected such that the marginal rays are substantially collimated.
  • Substantially collimated in this case means the marginal rays leaving the first group are within 10 degrees of parallel. More particularly, the marginal and chief rays are within 4 degrees of parallel, within 2 degrees of parallel, or within 1 degree of parallel.
  • At least one of the optical lens elements in the first lens group is decentered such that it creates image offset in the desired offset direction.
  • the decentered lens typically is not the optical lens element closest to the display panel. Keeping one or more of the lens elements closest to the display panel centered on the optical axis of the display panel helps to minimize the thickness of the projector.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a two lens elements from a first group of lenses located near a display panel.
  • the display panel 702 has a height "H" and is centered on the optical axis 704 of the display panel 702.
  • a first lens 706 is positioned such that an optical axis 708 of the first lens 706 is decentered, or offset, a distance "Dl" from the optical axis 704 of the display panel 702.
  • a second lens element 710 having an optical axis 712 is decentered a distance "D2" from the optical axis 704 of the display panel 702.
  • the lens shown in FIG. 7 is designed achieve image offset without decentering the lenses enough to substantially increase the thickness or height of the projector.
  • An image offset of 100% can be achieved without decentering the lenses of the first group more than 20% of the height of the display panel.
  • 100% image offset is achieved by decentering the lenses in the first group no more than 15% of the height of the display panel. More preferably, 100% image offset is achieved by decentering the lenses in the first group no more than 10% of the height of the display panel.
  • Decentering a lens element in the first group so that the optical axis of the decentered lens element is offset from the optical axis of the display panel results in a shift in the bundle of rays forming the image.
  • the volume internal to the projection lens that is used by the optical path of the rays that will form the projected image is shifted in the positive z direction.
  • this shift in the bundle of rays forming the image requires a large projection lens and increases the height of the lens— and therefore the projector— to unacceptable levels.
  • One novel method of preventing the height of the projection lens from growing to unacceptable levels is to shift the optical path, or ray bundle, in the negative z direction. This shift in the optical path may be thought of as a boresight correction because it brings the bundle of rays back toward the center of the lens bore, or even past the center of the lens bore.
  • the optical elements used to shift the ray bundle in the negative z direction ideally do not have any other effect on the ray bundle. In practice, however, because the index of refraction of the optical elements that shift the ray bundle is not unity, the optical elements will change the effective path length of the lens.
  • the optical shifter should not be confused with prior art methods of folding the projection lens.
  • the direction of travel relative to the optical axis of the lens is changed substantially.
  • the axis of the ray bundle is changed less than 15 degrees, more particularly less than 10 degrees, more particularly less than 5 degrees, and more particularly less than 1 degree.
  • a folded lens results in the object plane and the image plane having a non-parallel relationship, while shifting the optical path typically results in the object plane and the image plane maintaining a parallel relationship.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of one embodiment of an optical shifter 802 according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • a ray bundle 804 from a display panel 806 is incident on the optical shifter 802.
  • the incident ray bundle 804 is shown as collimated rays and is at an angle relative to on optical axis 808 of the display panel 806 due to a decentered first group of lenses, not shown, which are used to create image offset as described above.
  • the position of a third group of optical elements, not shown must be moved in the positive z-direction in order to be positioned on the optical path of the ray bundle 804.
  • Optical shifter 802 shifts the optical path of the ray bundle 804 in the negative z- direction.
  • the optical shifter does not focus or defocus the rays, but merely shifts the rays in the negative z-direction.
  • This allows a third group of optical elements to be positioned along the path of ray bundle 810, which is closer to the optical axis 808. Positioning the third group of elements closer to the optical axis 806 of the display panel 806 allows the lens elements used in the projection lens to be positioned closer to the position they would have in a non-offset lens while still providing substantial offset. In this manner, the projection lens enables a thinner projector while still providing 100% image offset relative to the optical axis 808 of the display panel 806.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic view of an optical shifter according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • Optical shifter 900 is comprised of two flat mirrors 902, each of which folds the optical path.
  • Each of the flat mirrors 902 in FIG. 9 folds the optical path and the two flat mirrors cooperatively shift the optical path without altering the angle of the optical path.
  • the height of the optical shifter 900 is approximately twice the height of the optical bundle, which limits the benefits achieved by using the optical shifter 900.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic view of another optical shifter 1000 according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • a pair of prisms are used to refract and shift the light bundle.
  • the prisms may be achromatized for color correction, but rarely are apochromatic.
  • the prisms typically introduce keystone to the image, but as will be discussed below, the keystone can be used to offset keystone created by other portions of the lens.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic view of another optical shifter 1100 according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • a decentered lens refracts the light in the negative z-direction.
  • One or more decentered lenses may be used to shift the optical path of the image-bearing beam of light.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic view of another optical shifter 1200 according to yet another embodiment of the invention.
  • a wedged lens that is a lens whose first and second surfaces are decentered relative to each other, is used to refract the light in the negative z-direction.
  • One or more wedged lenses may be used to shift the optical path of the image-bearing beam of light.
  • an optical shifter in the projection lens shifts the image path in the negative z-direction which reduces the height of the projection lens for a given image offset.
  • the optical shifter should provide a linear shift of the optical path in the negative z-direction without a corresponding angular change in the optical that in a direction that would reduce the offset. This allows the position of the lens in the z-direction to be maintained relative to the ray bundle, while shifting the physical location and alignment of the lenses to minimize the impact of the shifted lenses on the height of the projector.
  • the image artifacts introduced by the optical shifter may be used to counteract image artifacts introduced by other elements of the projection lens.
  • the keystone artifact introduced by a wedge may be used to counteract keystone artifacts introduced by tilting lenses and tilted image planes.
  • chromatic aberrations introduced by the optical shifter may counteract chromatic aberrations introduced by the optical shifter.
  • an optical shifter 1302 is shown along with a tilted lens 1304.
  • the tilted lens 1304 is used to introduce additional offset in the optical path and is located in the third group of optical elements described above.
  • the entire third group may be tilted to compensate for various chromatic artifacts.
  • the third group is rotated about the aperture stop of the lens. Rotating the third group about the aperture of the lens has the effect of adding wedge to the optical path.
  • the tilted third optical group introduces a chromatic aberration by refracting the blue light less than the red light.
  • the blue light is refracted in the positive z- direction relative to the red light as shown in FIG. 13.
  • the optical shifter has the opposite effect.
  • the optical shifter may refract the blue light in a negative z-direction relative to the red light as shown in FIG. 13. Having two elements with opposite effects on the light in the projection path allows the lens designed to use one effect to offset or cancel out the other effect.
  • the foregoing techniques may be used in various combinations to provide a high degree of image offset without a substantial increase in the thickness of the projection lens, the height of the projector, or an increase in the throw ratio of the projection lens.
  • FIGS. 14 - 19 illustrate three embodiments of projection lenses according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 14, 16 and 18 illustrate views of the three embodiments in the x-z plane while FIGS. 15, 17 and 19 illustrate views of the three projection lens in the x-y plane.
  • Prescriptions for the three projection lenses are provided in Tables I, II and III below in a format that is readily recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art of optical design.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Lenses (AREA)
  • Projection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur des procédés et sur des systèmes destinés à projeter des images aux des degrés élevés de décalage d'image, tout en limitant le décalage physique des éléments de la lentille de projection. Un mode de réalisation de la présente invention possède un panneau d'affichage (702), ayant un axe optique (704), un premier élément de lentille (706) ayant un axe optique (708) décentré d'une première distance (D1) par rapport à l'axe optique (704) du panneau d'affichage, et un second élément de lentille (710) ayant un axe optique (712) décentré d'une seconde distance (D2) par rapport à l'axe optique (704) du panneau d'affichage. Les procédés et les systèmes limitent le déplacement des éléments optiques par rapport à l'axe optique d'un panneau d'affichage et permettent la réalisation d'un projecteur efficace, très mince.
PCT/US2011/043529 2010-07-09 2011-07-11 Lentille de projection axiale à décalage Ceased WO2012006614A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2013519739A JP2013532313A (ja) 2010-07-09 2011-07-11 オフセットを有する軸上投写レンズ
CN2011800425716A CN103080833A (zh) 2010-07-09 2011-07-11 具有偏移的同轴投影透镜

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US36317710P 2010-07-09 2010-07-09
US61/363,177 2010-07-09
US13/176,863 2011-07-06
US13/176,863 US8662675B2 (en) 2010-07-09 2011-07-06 Compact image offset projection lens

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012006614A2 true WO2012006614A2 (fr) 2012-01-12
WO2012006614A3 WO2012006614A3 (fr) 2012-05-24

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JP (1) JP2013532313A (fr)
CN (1) CN103080833A (fr)
WO (1) WO2012006614A2 (fr)

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JP6334001B2 (ja) * 2014-12-26 2018-05-30 マクセル株式会社 照明装置
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CN108508623B (zh) * 2018-03-12 2020-09-04 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 激光投射模组、深度相机和电子装置
WO2019174433A1 (fr) * 2018-03-12 2019-09-19 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 Module de projection laser, caméra de profondeur et dispositif électronique
CN108508619B (zh) * 2018-03-12 2020-01-10 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 激光投射模组、深度相机和电子装置
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US8662675B2 (en) 2014-03-04
JP2013532313A (ja) 2013-08-15
US20120008102A1 (en) 2012-01-12
CN103080833A (zh) 2013-05-01
WO2012006614A3 (fr) 2012-05-24

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