WO2012074184A1 - Pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating obesity comprising sphingosine-1-phosphate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating obesity comprising sphingosine-1-phosphate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient. The composition suppresses the expression of regulating factors associated with adipocyte differentiation via sphingosine-1-phosphate 2 receptors, such that it is efficacious in markedly inhibiting differentiation of adipocytes and suppressing the accumulation of lipids, and thus the composition can advantageously be used as an effective medicinal product for preventing or treating obesity.

Description

Pharmaceutical composition for the prevention and treatment of obesity comprising sphingosine-1-phosphate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient

The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention and treatment of obesity, comprising sphingosine-1-phosphate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient.

There are many changes in eating habits due to recent economic growth and lifestyle changes. In particular, busy modern people are gaining weight and obesity due to high calorie diets such as fast food and low exercise. In addition, obesity is increasing in modern people as physical strength is lowered due to overwork, heavy drinking, stress, and the like. In addition, overweight and obesity are a factor in increasing the incidence of various adult diseases, such as arteriosclerosis, hypertension, hyperlipidemia or heart disease in children as well as adolescents. As such, obesity affects all age groups.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are currently 1.2 billion people worldwide who are overweight or obese, and in the United States, about 65% of the adult population in 2000 is overweight. In the United States, about 300,000 people die each year from obesity-related diseases.

The effects of obesity on various diseases are so severe that 80% of diabetics and 21% of heart disease are known to be caused by obesity. In addition, various cancers such as uterine cancer, kidney cancer, and breast cancer are directly or indirectly related to obesity, and obesity and overweight are associated with higher incidences of sleep apnea, osteoarthritis, and cholelithiasis (Stein CJ, Colditz GA.The epidemic of obesity. Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89: 2522-2525 .; Kopelman P. Obesity as a medical problem.Nature 2000 Apr 6; 404 (6778): 635-43.). As such, the effects of obesity on health can be very serious.

In terms of socio-economic aspects, the loss from obesity is very large. In Korea, according to the 2001 National Health Impact Survey, the social and economic costs of obesity reached 1.17 trillion won. This amount is the sum of total medical expenses due to obesity-related diseases, productivity loss due to premature death and hospitalization, which is about 5% of the national medical expenses (Ministry of Health and Welfare. 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey. researcher.). In 2000, the global market for obesity drugs was estimated at about $ 1.3 billion and is expected to reach around $ 8 billion by 2013.

Obesity is not a disease caused by one cause, but a combination of genetic, environmental, social, and mental factors, which are difficult to treat in any way. In other words, because obesity occurs when the energy intake is greater than the energy consumption, obesity treatment eventually corrects the energy imbalance by making more energy consumed than consumed energy. Current methods for treating obesity can be divided into methods of correcting lifestyles such as diet therapy, exercise therapy and behavioral therapy, and medication and surgical treatment.

Among these, active efforts to correct lifestyles should be preceded by drugs or surgical treatments. However, correcting lifestyles is not easy and weights that can be reduced by lifestyle correction alone are limited. Therefore, in many cases, medication is required along with lifestyle correction.

Many anti-obesity agents are being developed every year for the treatment of such obesity drugs, but there are not many anti-obesity drugs currently available, and most of them are limited to agents that suppress digestion or appetite. In the case of digestive or appetite-controlling agents, they are classified as psychotropic drugs because of their habitability. Representative obesity drugs currently approved by the US FDA for long-term use include sibutramine (Reductil®), which inhibits reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin, and lipase secreted from the pancreas and digestive system ( orlistat (Xenical) which has an effect by inhibiting lipase (Yanovski SZ, Yanovski JA. Obesity. N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 591-602).

However, sibutramine also has side effects such as increased blood pressure, insomnia, dry mouth, and dizziness, and it is not available to patients with cardiovascular disease and uncontrolled hypertension (Park, Hye-soon. Sibutramine. Journal of the Korean Society for Obesity 1998; 7 ( 4): 270-3.) In the case of Orlistat, side effects such as diarrhea, fatty stool, and loss money are common, and the effect of the drug is less pronounced when the fat intake is less than that of Westerners such as Koreans. Use is limited (Sangman Kim. Research on Orlistat. Journal of the Korean Society of Obesity 1998; 7 (4): 287-92.). In addition, both drugs have yet to be studied for long term safety.

Therefore, there is a need for an anti-obesity preventive and therapeutic agent that can replace the obesity treatment drug, which has yet to be effective in inhibiting obesity and has been confirmed for long-term safety. In addition, for the prevention and treatment of obesity, the study of the mechanism of obesity more clear is also required.

Meanwhile, sphingosine-1-phosphate (also referred to as S1P) is an angiogenesis promoter, fibrosis inhibitor, demyelinating disease, treatment of advanced dementia or degenerative brain disease, immunosuppressive effect, cancer cell Although several studies have been known to have effects of inducing apoptosis in the body and treating hyperproliferative diseases (such as cancer or psoriasis) by inhibiting the cell proliferation-promoting activity of sphingosine kinases, its use for the treatment of obesity And no mechanism for this.

Therefore, the present inventors conducted a study to develop a drug having a new mechanism of action with a high anti-obesity effect, and as a result, the sphingosine-1-phosphate was activated through the activation or expression of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 A new mechanism was found to inhibit adipocyte differentiation by reducing the expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) and C / EBP (CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins), which induce cell differentiation. The present invention was completed by confirming that 1-phosphate can significantly inhibit the accumulation of lipids in adipocytes and effectively promote weight loss through the above mechanism.

An object of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention and treatment of obesity, including sphingosine-1-phosphate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a food composition for preventing obesity comprising sphingosine-1-phosphate as an active ingredient.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention and treatment of obesity, including sphingosine-1-phosphate (hereinafter referred to as S1P) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient To provide.

The sphingosine-1-phosphate may be represented by the following Chemical Formula 1.

[Formula 1]

The S1P of the present invention has the activity of inhibiting the differentiation of fat progenitor cells, thereby reducing the accumulation of lipid content, thereby having the effect of preventing and treating obesity.

The present inventors have studied the mechanism of inhibiting the differentiation of S1P for adipocyte progenitor cells, and as a result, S1P regulates the expression of transcription factors and genes regulated by the transcription factors that play an important role in adipocyte differentiation. Specifically, S1P of the present invention reduces mRAN expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) and C / EBP (CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins), which are factors inducing adipocyte differentiation, Inhibition of the expression of adiponectin, a gene specific for differentiated adipocytes regulated by adiponectin, has been shown to effectively inhibit adipocyte differentiation. In addition, the regulation is not sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (hereinafter referred to as S1P1) but not sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (hereinafter referred to as S1P2). First revealed that it appears through.

In one embodiment of the present invention, to determine whether S1P inhibits lipid accumulation, after treatment with different concentrations of S1P in 3T3-L1 cells, which are progenitor cells, differentiation was induced, and thus differentiation was performed without S1P treatment. While fat was accumulated in induced cells, lipid accumulation was reduced in cells treated with S1P and induced differentiation (see FIG. 1). These results indicate that S1P was not reduced by lipolytic action, but not fat precursors. Inhibition of the differentiation of cells into adipocytes was found to reduce the accumulation of lipid content.

In another embodiment of the present invention, S1P reduces mRAN expression of PPAR-gamma and C / EBP, which are important transcriptional regulators of adipocyte differentiation, and inhibits mRNA expression of adiponectin, a differentiated adipocyte-specific gene. It was confirmed that the mechanism of inhibiting the differentiation of fat precursor cells into adipocytes (see FIG. 2).

In another embodiment of the present invention, by examining what receptors the suppression of adipocyte differentiation of S1P through the receptor, the treatment of S1P1 receptor antagonist does not have a significant change in the lipid content of the adipocytes induced differentiation In the case of treatment with S1P2 receptor antagonist, the lipid content in adipocytes decreased to S1P was increased to the control level, and the inhibition of S1P adipocyte differentiation was confirmed through the S1P2 receptor (see FIGS. 3 to 5). . In addition, when S1P was treated to 3T3-L1 cells, it was confirmed that the expression of the S1P2 receptor was increased (see FIG. 19).

As described above, the sphingosine-1-phosphate of the present invention has an effect of significantly inhibiting the differentiation of adipocytes and inhibiting the accumulation of lipids by regulating the expression of adipocyte differentiation related factors.

In the present invention, pharmaceutically acceptable salts of sphingosine-1-phosphate represented by Formula 1 include salts of acidic or basic groups which may be present in the compound of Formula 1 unless otherwise indicated. For example, pharmaceutically acceptable salts include sodium, calcium and potassium salts of the hydroxy group, and other pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the amino group include hydrobromide, sulfate, hydrogen sulphate, phosphate, hydrogen phosphate, dihydrogen Phosphate, acetate, succinate, citrate, tartrate, lactate, mandelate, methanesulfonate (mesylate), and p-toluenesulfonate (tosylate) salts, and methods or preparations for preparing salts known in the art It can be prepared through the process.

As used herein, the term “obesity” refers to a condition or disease with excess body fat due to energy imbalance. By administering a composition comprising the sphingosine-1-phosphate of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient, it is possible to lose weight and to reduce fat content or triglycerides in fat cells.

The term "prevention" means any action that inhibits or delays obesity by administration of the composition. In addition, the "treatment" means any action that improves or beneficially changes the symptoms of obesity by administration of the composition.

The S1P may be included in 0.001 to 50% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 20% by weight in the total pharmaceutical composition. In addition, the S1P may adjust the content so that the appropriate amount per 1kg of the individual to which the pharmaceutical composition is administered in the entire pharmaceutical composition can be administered. For example, when the subject is rat, the S1P is included in the pharmaceutical composition so that the S1P may be administered in an amount of 50 mg / kg to 150 mg / kg, preferably 80 mg / kg to 120 mg / kg. This can be adjusted. In addition, the S1P is included in the pharmaceutical composition to be administered in an amount of 0.0001 to 500 mg / kg, preferably 0.001 to 500 mg / kg, more preferably 0.001 to 300 mg / kg when the individual to be administered is a human. The content can be adjusted.

The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention does not increase the efficacy, but may further include ingredients that are commonly used in the pharmaceutical composition to improve the smell, taste, time and the like. The composition also adds inorganic or organic additives such as vitamins B1, B2, B6, C, E, niacin, carnitine, betaine, folate pantothenic acid, biotin, zinc, iron, calcium, chromium, magnesium and mixtures thereof. It can be included as. In addition, the composition may include a substance which is used alone or has a prophylactic or therapeutic activity against obesity previously used.

The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and can be formulated for human or veterinary use for oral or parenteral use. When formulating the composition of the present invention, diluents or excipients such as fillers, extenders, binders, wetting agents, disintegrating agents and surfactants can be used. Solid form preparations for oral administration include tablets, pills, powders, granules and capsules, and the like, and such solid form preparations include at least one excipient such as starch, calcium carbonate in a composition comprising the compound of the present invention. ), Sucrose (Sucrose) or lactose (Lactose) and gelatin are mixed and prepared. In addition to simple excipients, lubricants such as magnesium, styrate, and talc may be used. Oral liquid preparations include suspensions, solvents, emulsions, and syrups, and may include various excipients, such as wetting agents, sweeteners, fragrances, and preservatives, in addition to commonly used simple diluents, water and liquid paraffin. . Formulations for parenteral administration include sterile aqueous solutions, non-aqueous solvents, suspensions, emulsions, lyophilized preparations and suppositories. As the non-aqueous solvent and suspending solvent, vegetable oils such as propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and olive oil, injectable esters such as ethyl oleate and the like can be used.

The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be administered to a subject to prevent or treat obesity. As used herein, the term “individual” has a disease caused by obesity or a direct or indirect cause thereof, and includes a person having a disease whose symptoms may be improved by administering the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. , Mammals such as sheep, pigs, goats, and dogs.

As used herein, the term “administration” means introducing a pharmaceutical composition of the invention to a subject in any suitable manner. The route of administration may be oral or parenteral via any general route so long as it can reach the desired tissue. In addition, the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be administered by any device that allows migration to target cells.

The composition of the present invention is administered in a pharmaceutically effective amount. As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically effective amount” means an amount sufficient to treat a disease at a reasonable benefit / risk ratio applicable to medical treatment, and the effective dose level is the sex, age, severity, drug of the patient. Can be determined according to the activity of the drug, the sensitivity to the drug, the time of administration, the route of administration and the rate of release, the duration of treatment, factors including the drug used concurrently and other factors well known in the medical field. The compositions of the present invention may be administered as individual therapeutic agents or in combination with other therapeutic agents and may be administered sequentially or simultaneously with conventional therapeutic agents. It may be single or multiple doses. Taking all of the above factors into consideration, it is important to administer an amount that can obtain the maximum effect in a minimum amount without side effects, and can be easily determined by those skilled in the art. The administration method of the composition containing the compound manufactured by the manufacturing method of this invention, oral administration or intravenous administration is preferable. Dosage levels for a particular patient may vary depending on gender, age, health condition, diet, time of administration, method of administration, drug mixture and severity of disease.

The compositions of the present invention can be used alone or in combination with methods using surgery, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, chemotherapy and biological response modifiers to inhibit obesity.

As another aspect, the present invention relates to a food composition for preventing obesity, including sphingosine-1-phosphate.

Food composition comprising the sphingosine-1-phosphate of the present invention can be added to health food for the purpose of inhibiting obesity. When the composition of the present invention is used as a food additive, the composition may be added as it is or used with other food or food ingredients, and may be appropriately used according to a conventional method. The mixed amount of the active ingredient may be appropriately determined depending on the purpose of use (prevention, health or therapeutic treatment). In general, in the manufacture of food or beverages the compositions of the invention are added in an amount of up to 15% by weight, preferably up to 10% by weight relative to the raw materials. However, in the case of long-term intake for the purpose of health and hygiene or for the purpose of health control, it may be below the above range, and the active ingredient may be used in an amount above the above range because there is no problem in terms of safety.

There is no particular limitation on the kind of food. Examples of the food to which the substance can be added include dairy products including meat, sausage, bread, chocolate, candy, snacks, confectionery, pizza, ramen, other noodles, gums, ice cream, various soups, drinks, tea, drinks, Alcoholic beverages and vitamin complexes, and the like and include all of the health foods in the conventional sense.

In the case of a beverage, various flavors, natural carbohydrates, etc. may be contained as an additional component like a normal beverage. The natural carbohydrates described above may be used as monosaccharides such as glucose and fructose, disaccharides such as maltose and sucrose, and natural sweeteners such as dextrin and cyclodextrin, and synthetic sweeteners such as saccharin and aspartame. . The proportion of the natural carbohydrate is generally about 0.001 to 0.4 g, preferably about 0.002 to 0.03 g per 100 ml of the food composition of the present invention.

In addition to the above, the food composition of the present invention includes various nutrients, vitamins, electrolytes, flavors, coloring agents, pectic acid and salts thereof, alginic acid and salts thereof, organic acids, protective colloidal thickeners, pH adjusting agents, stabilizers, preservatives, glycerin, alcohols. And carbonation agents used in carbonated beverages. In addition, the food composition of the present invention may contain a flesh for preparing natural fruit juice, fruit juice beverage and vegetable beverage. These components can be used independently or in combination. The proportion of such additives is not critical but is generally selected in the range of 0.001 to 0.1 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the food composition of the present invention.

As described in detail above, the sphingosine-1-phosphate of the present invention has an effect of significantly inhibiting the differentiation of adipocytes and inhibiting the accumulation of lipids by regulating the expression of adipocyte differentiation related factors, and thus comprising a composition comprising the same. May be useful as an effective medicine for the prevention or treatment of obesity.

In Figures 1 to 3, Figures 1 and 2 shows the S1P concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10 μM) in 3T3-L1 cells, which are progenitor cells, to determine whether S1P inhibits lipid accumulation. After treatment, induction of differentiation with MDI medium 6 days after the AdipoRed assay, the lipid content in the cells was observed by light microscopy (X200) shows the results, Figure 3 is incubated in insulin medium and released after differentiation induction It shows the result of measuring the amount of glycerol.

4 to 7 are real time RT-PCR and Western blotting to determine whether S1P regulates the expression of transcription factors and genes regulated by the transcription factors that play an important role in adipocyte differentiation, PPAR-γ mRNA expression results (FIG. 4) and protein expression results (FIG. 5), and C / EBPa and adiponectin mRNA expression results (FIGS. 6 and 7) are shown.

8 to 12 are gene expression results of RT-PCR (FIG. 8), in which S1Ps are present in 3T3-L1 cells to determine whether S1P and S1P2 receptors are present in 3T3-L1 cells in order to determine which receptors exhibit adipocyte differentiation effects. SEW2871 was treated by concentration (0, 0.1, 1, 10, 50 μM) and the lipid content was confirmed through AdipoRed Assay after induction of differentiation into MDI medium (FIGS. 9 and 10). After treatment with (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 μM) to block the S1P1 receptor, S1P 10 μM treatment, induction of differentiation with MDI medium, AdipoRed Assasy was carried out to measure the lipid content through a microscope and spectrophotometer ( 11 and 12) are shown.

Figures 13 and 14 show the concentration of S1P2 receptor antagonist JTE013 (0, 0.02, 0.2, 2 μM) to 3T3-L1 cells to determine whether S1P occurs through the S1P2 receptor, and then treated with S1P 10 μM. In addition, after inducing differentiation with MDI medium, the lipid content was measured by AdipoRed assay (FIG. 13 and FIG. 14).

15 to 18 are shown after the treatment of S1P2 receptor blocker to 3T3-L1 cells to determine whether the regulation of transcription factors and adipocyte specific genes involved in adipocyte differentiation by S1P occurs through the S1P2 receptor, Whether PPAR-γ, C / EBPa, and adiponectin, which are differentiated adipocyte-specific genes, were recovered or recovered through real time RT-PCR and Western blotting (FIGS. 15, 16, 17, and 18). will be.

19 shows that the expression of the S1P2 receptor is increased when S1P is treated with 3T3-L1 cells.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. However, these examples are for illustrative purposes only and the scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Experiment method

Induction of Cell Culture and Differentiation

The 3T3-L1 cells used in this example were Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) (Hyclone Laboratories, Logan, UT,) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 0.1 mg / ml gentamycin added before induction of differentiation. USA) medium was used to culture in a humidified incubator at 37 ℃, 5% CO2 conditions. To induce differentiation, the cells were incubated in 6 wells or 24 wells or 96 wells plates for 2 days in accordance with the respective experimental conditions, followed by incubation with MDI induction media (DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 0.5 mM 3-). Change of medium with isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), 1 μm dexamethasone and 1 μg / ml of insulin, followed by drug treatment (S1P (10 μM), SEW2871 (from 0.1 to 50 μM), W146 (from 0.01 to 10 μM) ) and JTE-013 (from 0.02 to 2 μΜ) were maintained for 3 days. After 3 days, the cells were changed to insulin medium, and then AdipoRed assay and Lipolysis assay were performed.

Lipid content measurement

Lipid content was measured by staining with AdipoRed Assay Reagent, a fluorescent material stained specifically for lipids. After culturing 3T3-L1 cells in a 24 well plate, treated with MDI medium or drug for 6 days, the medium is removed and washed with PBS. Add 300 μl PBS and 30 μl Adipored reagent and incubate for 10 minutes at 37 ℃. Thereafter, the fluorescence value is measured with a spectrophotometer. (excitation at 485 nm and emission at 572 nm)

Adipolysis assay

The experiment was conducted to determine the ability of glycerol liberated by triglyceride decomposition. After 24 hours treatment with S1P or positive control isoproterenol in differentiated adipocytes, the cell supernatant (culture medium) is collected and mixed with free glycerol assay reagent and incubated at room temperature for 15 minutes. The absorbance at 540 nm is then measured with a spectrophotometer to determine the amount of free glycerol.

qRT-PCR (Quantitative Real-time PCR)

Isolation of total RNA from the cells was extracted using the Easy-spin ™ total RNA extraction kit (iNtRON Biotechnology, Seoul, Korea). Then, the synthesis of cDNA was performed according to the protocol of TaKaRa Prime Script ™ 1st strand cDNA synthesis kit (Takara Bio Inc., Tokyo, Japan). To perform quantitative PCR, SYBR green and 1 μl gene primer were added to a total of 20 μl reaction solution. The primers used are shown in Table 1 below.

Table 1 Primer sequence Name primer sequence S1P1 forward 5'-GAAACTACACAACGGGAGCAACAG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 1) reverse 5'-AAGCAGGAGCAGAGTGAAGACG-3' (SEQ ID NO: 2) S1P2 forward 5'-AACAGCAAGTTCCACTCAGCAATG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 3) reverse 5'-GGCGGAGAGCGTGATGAAGG-3' (SEQ ID NO: 4) PPARγ forward 5'-CGGAAGCCCTTTGGTGACTTTATG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 5) reverse 5'-GCAGCAGGTTGTCTTGGATGTC-3' (SEQ ID NO: 6) C / EBP-α forward 5'-CGGGAACGCAACAACATCGC-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 7) reverse 5'-TGTCCAGTTCACGGCTCAGC-3' (SEQ ID NO: 8) adiponectin forward 5'-TGACGGCAGCACTGGCAAG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 9) reverse 5'-TGATACTGGTCGTAGGTGAAGAGAAC-3' (SEQ ID NO: 10) β-actin forward 5'-TGAGAGGGAAATCGTGCGTGAC-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 11) reverse 5'-GCTCGTTGCCAATAGTGATGACC-3' (SEQ ID NO: 12)

All reactions of the iTaq SYBR green supermix (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, Calif., USA) were performed in a CFX96 real-time PCR detection system (Bio-Rad Laboratories).

Western blotting

Cells were lysed with lysis buffer (25 mM HEPES; pH 7.4, 100 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 5 mM MgCl 2, 0.1 mM DTT and protease inhibitor mixture). Thereafter, the proteins were fractionated by electrophoresis on 10-15% SDS gel, followed by immunoblotting. Equal amounts of protein lysate were fractionated on 10-15% SDS-polyacrylamide gel and then electrophoresed to nitrocellulose membrane. Immunoreactivity was examined through continuous incubation of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) -bound secondary antibodies and ECL reagents.

Antibodies used for immunoblotting were PPARγ (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) and ß-actin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA).

Statistical evaluation

All data in the experiments were expressed as means ± SD (standard deviations) and compared using the Student's t-test and ANOVA Duncan test of SAS statistical package. The results were then considered significant for values of * P <0.05 or ** P <0.01 and for values of #P <0.05 and ## P <0.01.

result

Inhibition of differentiation into adipocytes by S1P treatment

To see if S1P prevents lipid accumulation, 3T3-L1 cells, which are progenitor cells, are treated with S1P by concentration (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10 μM), and then induced by differentiation with MDI medium to accumulate lipid. I checked to see if this is happening. Induction of differentiation with MDI medium for 3 days was replaced with insulin medium. Differences in the degree of differentiation of S1P-treated and non-fatted progenitor cells were confirmed by the difference in lipid content. Six days after the induction of differentiation, AdipoRed assay was performed and the lipid content in the cells was observed under an optical microscope (X200), and the lipid content of the control cells (cells not treated with anything) was measured by measuring spectrophotometers. The lipid content of the S1P-treated cells was expressed as a percentage, indicating the relative lipid content. Each result is shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, intracellular fat accumulates in cells induced with differentiation with MDI medium without S1P treatment, whereas cells treated with S1P and induced differentiation with MDI medium have increased treatment concentrations. It can be seen that lipid accumulation in cells is reduced.

In addition, experiments were conducted to determine the amount of glycerol that was degraded and released to determine whether S1P reduced the accumulation of lipid content by inhibiting the differentiation into adipocytes itself or through lipolysis. After incubating 3T3-L1 cells in 96 well plates for 3 days in MDI medium, and incubating for 3 days in insulin medium to induce differentiation, the amount of free glycerol in the medium was measured by S1P concentration. . As a result, the amount of glycerol liberated by isoproterenol treatment was increased compared to the control group, but the amount of glycerol by S1P treatment was not significantly different from the control group.

Regulation of factors that play an important role in adipocyte differentiation by S1P

Real time RT-PCR and Western blotting were performed to determine whether S1P regulates the expression of transcription factors and genes regulated by these transcription factors. S1P was treated with 0, 1, and 10 μM in 3T3-L1 cells, and then induced differentiation with MDI medium. After 6 days, PPAR-γ mRNA and protein expression and C / EBPa and adiponectin mRNA expression were observed in each cell. Measured. PPAR-γ and C / EBPa are major transcription factors that regulate adipocyte differentiation, and adiponectin is a gene specific for differentiated adipocytes regulated by PPAR-γ. The gene and protein expression results are shown in FIGS. 4, 5, 6, and 7, respectively.

As shown in Figure 4 and 5, the expression of PPAR-γ mRNA was increased in the case of cells induced differentiation with MDI medium, compared to the control group, MDI medium for cells induced differentiation with MDI medium after S1P treatment Compared with adipocytes induced differentiation, it was confirmed that mRNA expression of PPAR-γ transcription factor was inhibited with increasing concentration, and the expression level of protein was also reduced. In addition, C / EBPa and adiponectin were also increased when differentiation was induced in MDI medium, but the S1P concentration was increased when S1P concentration was suppressed. Therefore, it can be seen that S1P inhibits the differentiation process into adipocytes by regulating transcription factors such as PPAR-γ and C / EBPa in adipocytes.

Role of S1P1 Receptor in the Suppressive Effects of S1P on Adipocyte Differentiation

To determine whether S1P is responsible for the differentiation of adipocyte differentiation, it is determined whether S1P1 and S1P2 receptors are known to be involved in the differentiation of S1P-specific receptors in 3T3-L1 cells. PCR was performed to show the expression results of the gene in FIG. 8. It was confirmed that both receptors were present. First, SEW2871, a S1P1 agonist, was treated by concentration (0, 0.1, 1, 10, 50 μM), and lipid content was confirmed through AdipoRed Assay 6 days after induction of differentiation into MDI medium. 3b and 3c. In addition, the S1P1 receptor antagonist W146 was treated by concentration (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 μM) to block the S1P1 receptor and S1P 10 μM, and after 6 days after induction of differentiation with MDI medium, AdipoRed Assasy The results obtained through the microscope and the spectrophotometer are shown in FIGS. 3D and 3E.

As shown in Figure 3b, 3c, it was confirmed that the lipid content of the adipocytes induced differentiation was not reduced even by treatment with S1P1 receptor agonist by concentration. 3D and e show that the action of S1P, which inhibited the differentiation of adipocytes by treatment with S1P 10 μM, even when treated with S1P1 receptor antagonists by concentration. Through this, it can be seen that the action of inhibiting adipocyte differentiation of S1P is not an action exhibited through the S1P1 receptor.

Inhibitory Effects of S1P on S1P Mediated by S1P2 Receptors

In order to confirm whether S1P exhibits an inhibitory effect on adipocyte differentiation through the S1P2 receptor, the S1P2 receptor antagonist was used to block the S1P2 receptor to examine whether the S1P adipocyte differentiation inhibitory effect was blocked. 3T3-L1 cells were treated with concentration-dependent (0, 0.02, 0.2, 2 μM) of JTE013, an S1P2 receptor antagonist, followed by S1P 10 μM treatment and induction of differentiation with MDI medium. 3 days after differentiation induction was changed to insulin medium, and after 3 days, the lipid content was measured by AdipoRed assay, and the results are shown in FIGS. 13 and 14.

As shown in FIGS. 13A and 14, the S1P2 receptor blocker treated with 3T3-L1 cells blocked the adipocyte differentiation inhibitory effect of S1P as the treated concentration was increased, and the differentiation was recovered, which was reduced by more than 60% by S1P treatment. It was confirmed that the lipid content in adipocytes was increased to the control level.

Recovery of Expression of Regulators Related to Adipocyte Differentiation Process by S1P2 Receptor Inhibitor Treatment

Transcription factors and adipocyte-specific genes, which play an important role in adipocyte differentiation, were regulated by S1P, and 0.2 μM of S1P2 receptor blocker was applied to 3T3-L1 cells to determine whether the regulation occurs through the S1P2 receptor. Then, it was confirmed by real time RT-PCR and Western blotting whether the expression of the adipocyte differentiation regulators PPAR-γ, C / EBPa and adiponectin, which were differentiated by S1P, was restored. The results are shown in FIGS. 15, 16, 17, and 18.

As shown in FIGS. 15, 16, 17, and 18, the mRNA and protein expression levels of PPAR-γ, C / EBPa, and adiponectin were increased by three times when S1P treatment when SDI induced differentiation into MDI medium. When the receptor blocked the S1P2 receptor by treatment with JTE013 0.2 μM, the expression level was restored to the control level that induced differentiation into MDI medium.

From the above results, it can be seen that S1P has a regulatory action of inhibiting the process of adipocyte differentiation, and this inhibitory action occurs by regulating adipocyte differentiation regulators through the S1P2 receptor.

Increased expression of S1P2 receptors upon S1P treatment

In order to determine whether S1P treatment affects S1P2 receptor in 3T3-L1 cells, the protein expression level of S1P2 receptor after S1P treatment was confirmed by Western blotting. Twenty four hours after treatment with 10 μM of S1P and induction of differentiation with MDI medium, the protein expression of the S1P2 receptor in each cell was shown in FIG. 19 compared to cells not treated with S1P. As shown in FIG. 19, it was found that the amount of protein expression of the S1P2 receptor was increased in the cells treated with S1P as compared with cells not treated with S1P. From these results, it can be seen that S1P actually directly affects the S1P2 receptor, and S1P increases the expression level of the S1P2 receptor.

The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention and treatment of obesity comprising sphingosine-1-phosphate or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient, which can be used in the field of prevention and treatment of obesity. Do.

Claims (5)

Pharmaceutical composition for the prevention and treatment of obesity comprising sphingosine-1-phosphate (sphingosine-1-phosphate) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient. The method of claim 1, wherein the sphingosine-1-phosphate reduces the expression and differentiation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) and C / EBP (CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins), which are adipocyte differentiation inducing factors It has the activity of inhibiting the expression of adiponectin which is a specific adipocyte-specific gene, a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention and treatment of obesity. The method of claim 1, wherein the sphingosine-1-phosphate inhibits the differentiation of adipocytes through sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2, obesity prevention and treatment pharmaceutical Composition. The pharmaceutical composition for preventing and treating obesity of claim 1, wherein the sphingosine-1-phosphate is contained in an amount of 0.001 to 50% by weight based on the total weight of the composition. Food composition for the prevention of obesity comprising sphingosine-1-phosphate.

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