WO2012070441A1 - 積層体およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
積層体およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012070441A1 WO2012070441A1 PCT/JP2011/076368 JP2011076368W WO2012070441A1 WO 2012070441 A1 WO2012070441 A1 WO 2012070441A1 JP 2011076368 W JP2011076368 W JP 2011076368W WO 2012070441 A1 WO2012070441 A1 WO 2012070441A1
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- fine cellulose
- resin
- anchor layer
- cellulose fiber
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a laminate formed of fine cellulose fibers that can be used as a coating agent, a functional laminate material, and the like, and a method for producing the laminate.
- raw materials are aliphatic polyesters produced by microorganisms, naturally occurring starches, various polysaccharides such as cellulose and chitin chitosan and their derivatives, biodegradable resins and starches obtained by completely chemical synthesis. Examples include polylactic acid obtained by polymerizing the obtained lactic acid.
- cellulose produced in large quantities on the earth is fibrous and has high crystallinity, high strength and low linear expansion, and excellent chemical stability and safety to living bodies.
- fine cellulose fibers are expected to be used for various functional materials including packaging materials, and are actively developed.
- Patent Document 2 oxidized cellulose obtained by TEMPO oxidation treatment is dispersed in water to prepare a gas barrier material containing fine cellulose fibers having an average fiber diameter of 200 nm or less.
- a method is described in which a gas barrier composite molded body is obtained by coating on a base material and drying.
- the film formed by using the aqueous dispersion of fine cellulose fibers as described above has a rigid property and high elastic modulus of the fine cellulose fibers, a small area of contact with the substrate made of fiber shape, and In addition, there is a problem that adhesion to the substrate is low due to low reactivity. Further, many of these fine cellulose fibers have polar groups such as carboxyl groups introduced therein, and water-based solvents are used, so that there are problems with repelling, paintability, unevenness, and coatability. For example, when the adhesion is low, delamination occurs between the films when the film is used as a laminated material on a substrate.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and uses a film base material, in particular, a naturally-derived material such as polylactic acid as a base material, and a coating liquid of fine cellulose fibers as a natural material as a coating material, and a gas barrier layer.
- a film base material in particular, a naturally-derived material such as polylactic acid as a base material, and a coating liquid of fine cellulose fibers as a natural material as a coating material, and a gas barrier layer.
- a laminated material that forms a film with good adhesion and coating properties when used as various functional material coatings such as a water vapor barrier layer, and that can suppress deterioration over time between the substrate and the fine cellulose fiber layer The purpose is to do.
- the invention according to claim 1 is a fine cellulose comprising at least a base material, an anchor layer and a fine cellulose fiber having a carboxyl group on one surface of the base material.
- the fine cellulose fiber is an oxidized cellulose having a carboxyl group introduced by an oxidation reaction, and the content of the carboxyl group is 0.1 mmol / g or more and 5.5 mmol / g. It is the following, It is a laminated body of Claim 1.
- the invention according to claim 3 is the laminate according to claim 2, wherein the number average fiber diameter of the fine cellulose fibers is 0.001 ⁇ m or more and 0.200 ⁇ m or less.
- the invention according to claim 4 is the laminate according to claim 3, wherein the carboxyl group of the fine cellulose fiber forms an ammonium salt or an amine salt.
- the invention described in claim 5 is characterized in that the resin contained in the anchor layer is a polyester resin, a polyamide resin, a polyurethane resin, a polyacrylic acid resin, a polyolefin resin, or a copolymer thereof.
- the resin contained in the anchor layer is a polyester resin, a polyamide resin, a polyurethane resin, a polyacrylic acid resin, a polyolefin resin, or a copolymer thereof.
- the invention according to claim 6 is characterized in that the anchor layer includes at least a resin having a carboxyl group, and the carboxyl group of the resin forms an ammonium salt or an amine salt. It is a laminated body as described in above.
- the invention according to claim 7 is the laminate according to claim 5, wherein the anchor layer further contains a reactive compound having a carbodiimide group, an oxazoline group, an isocyanate group or an epoxy group. is there.
- the invention according to claim 8 is characterized in that the base material is made of a polyester resin, and the anchor layer includes a polyester resin having a carboxyl group and a reactive compound having a carbodiimide group or an oxazoline group.
- the invention according to claim 9 is the laminate according to claim 8, wherein the polyester resin constituting the substrate is polylactic acid.
- the invention according to claim 10 is the laminate according to claim 7, wherein the molecular weight of the reactive compound is 1000 or more.
- the invention according to claim 11 is the laminate according to claim 7, wherein the acid value of the resin contained in the anchor layer is 12 or more.
- the invention according to claim 12 is the laminate according to claim 11, wherein the anchor layer has a thickness of 3 nm to 10 ⁇ m.
- the invention according to claim 13 is a laminate in which at least a base material and an anchor layer and a fine cellulose fiber layer containing fine cellulose fibers having a carboxyl group are provided in this order on one surface of the base material. And a carbodiimide group, an oxazoline group, an isocyanate group or an epoxy group on one surface of the substrate with at least one resin having a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, an amino group or a hydroxyl group.
- a step of forming a coating film using a coating liquid containing a reactive compound having, a step of drying the coating film at 80 ° C. or less to form the anchor layer, and the fine cellulose fibers on the anchor layer And a step of forming a layer.
- a laminated material that can be formed and includes the functional material coating can be provided.
- a laminate material that can be formed on a substrate with good coatability and adhesion even when using a film substrate, a polylactic acid substrate, etc., and that suppresses the deterioration of the adhesion between the substrate and the fine cellulose fiber layer over time. Can provide. Thereby, a laminate having improved weather resistance, heat resistance and water resistance can be obtained.
- the laminate (10) of the present invention comprises at least a base material (1), an anchor layer (2) on one surface of the base material (1), and a fine cellulose fiber having a carboxyl group. Are laminated in this order.
- the anchor layer (2) and the fine cellulose fiber layer (3) may be respectively laminated on both surfaces of the substrate (1).
- the fine cellulose fiber layer (3) includes at least fine cellulose fibers having a carboxyl group.
- the fine cellulose fiber which has a carboxyl group can be manufactured with the following method, for example.
- a cellulose material is used as a raw material.
- the cellulose material may be subjected to pretreatment such as pulverization, explosion, swelling, purification, bleaching, dissolution regeneration, and alkali treatment.
- pretreatment such as pulverization, explosion, swelling, purification, bleaching, dissolution regeneration, and alkali treatment.
- a cellulose material it is preferable to use naturally-derived cellulose having a crystal structure of cellulose I when obtaining a coating film having high gas barrier properties or a strong coating film.
- naturally occurring cellulose as a raw material include wood pulp, non-wood pulp, cotton pulp, bacterial cellulose, and squirt cellulose.
- Method of introducing carboxyl group As a method for introducing a carboxyl group into cellulose, a generally known chemical modification method can be used. As known in carboxymethylation, a method of introducing a carboxyl group by esterifying and etherifying a hydroxyl group of cellulose, a method of introducing a carboxyl group from a hydroxyl group by an oxidation reaction, and the like can be selected. In particular, in order to obtain a coating film with high gas barrier properties and to introduce a carboxyl group without destroying the crystal structure, a nitroxy radical derivative is used as a catalyst, and hypohalite, halite, etc. A technique used as a cooxidant is preferred.
- an aqueous system containing sodium hypochlorite and sodium bromide using TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinooxy radical) as a catalyst under alkaline conditions preferably in the range of pH 9 to pH 11
- TEMPO 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinooxy radical
- the TEMPO oxidation method performed in a medium is preferable from the viewpoint of availability of reagents, cost, and reaction stability.
- alkali is consumed as the reaction proceeds, so it is preferable to add an aqueous alkaline solution as needed to keep the pH in the system constant.
- TEMPO oxidation the 6-position hydroxyl group of the pyranose ring (glucose) of the cellulose molecule is selectively oxidized, and a carboxyl group can be introduced via an aldehyde group.
- oxidation occurs only on the surface of crystalline microfibrils, which is a structural unit of cellulose, and no oxidation occurs inside the crystal. For this reason, fine cellulose fibers can be obtained while maintaining the crystal structure of cellulose I, and the fine cellulose fibers to be produced have characteristics such as high heat resistance, low linear expansion coefficient, high elastic modulus, and high strength.
- the reaction temperature is preferably 0 ° C. or more and 60 ° C. or less, and becomes a fine fiber in about 1 hour or more and 12 hours or less, and a sufficient amount of carboxyl groups can be introduced to show dispersibility.
- TEMPOs and sodium bromide need only be used in a catalytic amount during the reaction, and can also be recovered after the reaction. In the above reaction system, sodium chloride is the only theoretical by-product, and the waste liquid can be easily treated with a low environmental burden.
- the amount of carboxyl group can be adjusted by appropriately setting TEMPO oxidation conditions.
- Cellulose fibers are dispersed in an aqueous medium by an electric repulsive force of a carboxyl group through a dispersion treatment step to be described later. Therefore, if the content of the carboxyl group is too small, the cellulose fiber cannot be stably dispersed in the aqueous medium. . On the other hand, if the amount is too large, the affinity for water increases and the water resistance decreases.
- the carboxyl group content is preferably 0.1 mmol / g or more and 5.5 mmol / g or less, more preferably 0.1 mmol / g or more and 3.5 mmol / g or less, and even more preferably 0.6 mmol. / G to 2.5 mmol / g.
- an aldehyde group that is an intermediate of the oxidation reaction is generated, and the aldehyde group remains in the final product. If the content of the aldehyde group is too large, the dispersibility in an aqueous medium is lowered or the color is changed after the film is formed. Therefore, the content of the aldehyde group is preferably 0.3 mmol / g or less. .
- the oxidation reaction is stopped by adding an excessive amount of other alcohol and completely consuming the co-oxidant in the system.
- the alcohol to be added it is desirable to use a low molecular weight alcohol such as methanol, ethanol or propanol in order to quickly terminate the reaction.
- ethanol is preferable in consideration of safety and by-products generated by oxidation.
- the produced oxidized cellulose can be recovered from the reaction solution by filtration.
- the carboxyl group forms a salt using a metal ion derived from a co-oxidant or an inorganic alkali for pH adjustment as a counter ion.
- a recovery method a method in which the carboxyl group is filtered while forming a salt, a method in which an acid is added to the reaction solution and the pH is adjusted to 3 or less to filter it out as a carboxylic acid, and an organic solvent is added to cause aggregation.
- an organic solvent is added to cause aggregation.
- a method of converting to carboxylic acid and recovering it from the viewpoint of handling property, yield, and waste liquid treatment is preferable.
- a method of converting it to a carboxylic acid and recovering it is preferable.
- the metal ion content contained in the oxidized cellulose can be examined by various analysis methods. For example, it can be simply examined by elemental analysis using an EPMA method or an X-ray fluorescence analysis method using an electron beam microanalyzer. be able to.
- the metal ion content When recovered by the method of filtering while forming a salt, the metal ion content is 5 wt% or more, whereas when recovered by the method of filtering after carboxylic acid, the metal ion content is 1 wt. % Or less.
- the metal ion content is below the detection limit.
- the recovered oxidized cellulose can be purified by repeated washing, and residues such as sodium chloride and ions that are catalysts and by-products can be removed.
- water is preferable as the cleaning liquid, and further, after adjusting and cleaning to acidic conditions of pH 3 or lower, more preferably pH 1.8 or lower using hydrochloric acid or the like, the metal ions are analyzed by the above analysis method. It can be made below the detection limit amount in. Alternatively, cleaning under acidic conditions may be performed a plurality of times in order to further reduce the amount of remaining metal ions. In addition, if salt or the like remains in the cellulose, it is difficult to disperse in the dispersion step described later.
- the oxidized cellulose is immersed in an aqueous medium that is a dispersion medium.
- the pH of the immersed liquid is, for example, 4 or less.
- Oxidized cellulose is insoluble in an aqueous medium and becomes a non-uniform suspension when immersed.
- the solid content concentration of oxidized cellulose is preferably 10% by mass or less, and more preferably 5% by mass or less.
- the solid content concentration is 5% by mass or less, particularly 3% by mass or less, dispersibility and transparency are good.
- solid content concentration exceeds 10 mass%, the viscosity of a dispersion liquid will raise remarkably and dispersion processing will become difficult.
- the minimum of solid content concentration is not specifically limited, What is necessary is just more than 0 mass%.
- the pH of the oxidized cellulose suspension is adjusted to a range of pH 4 or more and pH 12 or less using an alkali.
- the pH is made alkaline between pH 7 and pH 12 to form a carboxylate.
- the oxidized cellulose can be made into fine fibers by mechanical dispersion treatment, but the dispersion treatment requires a long time and high energy, and the fiber diameter of the obtained fiber is larger than that of the present invention. And the transparency of the dispersion is poor.
- the alkali is not limited to the kind, and inorganic alkalis such as sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide can be used.
- the pH can be adjusted using aqueous ammonia or organic alkali.
- Organic alkalis include various aliphatic amines, aromatic amines, amines such as diamines, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, tetra-n-butylammonium hydroxide, benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, 2-hydroxyhydroxide NR 4 OH such as ethyltrimethylammonium, etc.
- R is an alkyl group, benzyl group, phenyl group or hydroxyalkyl group, and four Rs may be the same or different
- Organic onium compounds having hydroxide ions such as quaternary ammonium compounds, phosphonium hydroxide compounds such as tetraethylphosphonium hydroxide, oxonium hydroxide compounds, and sulfonium hydroxide compounds as counter ions. Even when an organic alkali is used, the fiber can be refined by a dispersion treatment similar to that when an inorganic alkali is used, regardless of the type of alkali.
- the dispersion treatment can be performed in a shorter energy and in a shorter time than when an inorganic alkali having a metal ion as a counter ion is used, and the finally reached transparency of the dispersion liquid. Is also expensive. This is probably because the use of organic alkali has a larger counterion ion diameter, and thus has a greater effect of separating fine cellulose fibers in the dispersion medium.
- a fine cellulose fiber dispersion can be prepared even when an organic solvent such as alcohol is used as a dispersion medium. Furthermore, it is also possible to add an organic solvent to the fine cellulose fiber dispersion dispersed in an aqueous medium after the dispersion treatment.
- the aqueous medium include water or a mixed solvent of water and an organic solvent.
- organic solvent examples include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and 2-propanol (IPA), ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), ethers such as 1,4-dioxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF), N, N -Dimethylformamide (DMF), N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, glycerin and the like. Any one of these may be used alone, or two or more mixed solvents may be used.
- alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and 2-propanol (IPA)
- ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)
- ethers such as 1,4-dioxane and tetrahydrofuran (THF), N, N -Dimethylformamide (DMF), N, N-dimethylacet
- the viscosity and thixotropy of the fine cellulose fiber dispersion can be reduced compared to an inorganic alkali, in terms of ease of dispersion treatment and ease of application in the coating process described below. It is advantageous.
- the fine cellulose fiber dispersion becomes a gel, and the viscosity increases as the concentration is increased. Therefore, a large amount of energy is required in the dispersion treatment, and the dispersion treatment becomes difficult. Since the viscosity of the fiber dispersion is lowered, the dispersion treatment is facilitated.
- the viscosity characteristics of the dispersion liquid can be adjusted, and the coating property can be improved.
- the anchor layer (2) contains a compound capable of reacting with a carboxyl group such as a carbodiimide group, an oxazoline group, an epoxy group or an amino group, ammonia having a low boiling point is used.
- a carboxyl group such as a carbodiimide group, an oxazoline group, an epoxy group or an amino group
- ammonia having a low boiling point is used.
- an organic alkali such as triethylamine
- the alkali volatilizes during the drying after coating or the subsequent aging / curing treatment, the carboxyl group increases in reactivity, and the anchor layer (2 The reaction with the reactive compound contained in) proceeds further, and the effect of further improving adhesion and preventing deterioration with time is high.
- the carboxyl group of the fine cellulose fiber contained in the fine cellulose fiber layer forms an ammonium salt or amine salt that is more likely to react than the inorganic salt formed by the inorganic alkali.
- the amine salt include triethylamine salt and tetramethylamine salt.
- the carboxyl group of the fine cellulose fiber does not form a salt and is preferably present in the carboxyl group state, that is, in the state of “—COOH”, because the reaction easily proceeds.
- various known dispersion treatments can be used.
- homomixer processing mixer processing with rotary blade, high pressure homogenizer processing, ultra high pressure homogenizer processing, ultrasonic homogenizer processing, nanogenizer processing, disc type refiner processing, conical type refiner processing, double disc type refiner processing, grinder processing, ball mill processing , Kneading treatment by a biaxial kneader, underwater facing treatment, and the like.
- the mixer treatment with a rotary blade, the high-pressure homogenizer treatment, the ultra-high pressure homogenizer treatment, and the ultrasonic homogenizer treatment are preferable from the viewpoint of miniaturization efficiency.
- the oxidized cellulose suspension becomes a transparent dispersion that is visually uniform.
- Oxidized cellulose is refined by the dispersion treatment to form fine cellulose fibers.
- the fine cellulose fiber after the dispersion treatment has a number average fiber diameter (width in the minor axis direction of the fiber) of preferably 0.001 ⁇ m or more and 0.200 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.001 ⁇ m or more and 0.050 ⁇ m or less. .
- the number average fiber diameter of the fine cellulose fibers can be confirmed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or an atomic force microscope (AFM). If the dispersion is insufficient or non-uniform and some of the fibers have a large fiber diameter, the transparency and smoothness of the film will be significantly reduced when a coating solution containing fine cellulose fibers is formed. There's a problem.
- the fine cellulose fiber dispersion can be used as it is, or a known resin or solvent may be added. . Moreover, the fine cellulose fiber which has the carboxyl group manufactured by said method etc. is isolated, well-known resin and a solvent may be mixed and a coating liquid may be prepared separately.
- the fine cellulose fiber layer is formed by applying a coating liquid containing fine cellulose fibers having a carboxyl group. It does not specifically limit as a method of apply
- coating the coating liquid containing a fine cellulose fiber Well-known methods, such as a coating method and a casting method, can be utilized. Coating methods include gravure coating, gravure reverse coating, roll coating, reverse roll coating, micro gravure coating, comma coating, air knife coating, bar coating, Mayer bar coating, dip coating, and die coating. Method, spray coating method and the like, and any method may be used.
- the thickness of the fine cellulose fiber layer is preferably 0.05 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 2 ⁇ m or less. If the thickness of the fine cellulose fiber layer is larger than 20 ⁇ m, the processability may be inferior, and if the thickness of the fine cellulose fiber layer is smaller than 0.05 ⁇ m, the gas barrier property may be lowered.
- the fine cellulose fiber layer may contain various additives such as inorganic layered compounds and organometallic compounds in addition to the fine cellulose fibers having a carboxyl group.
- Inorganic layered compounds include kaolinite, dickite, nacrite, halloysite, antigolite, chrysotile, pyrophyllite, montmorillonite, beidellite, hectorite, saponite, stevensite, tetrasilic mica, sodium teniolite, muscovite, marga Light, talc, vermiculite, phlogopite, xanthophyllite, chlorite and the like can be used.
- These inorganic layered minerals may be natural or synthetic.
- the inorganic layered compound is preferably montmorillonite in terms of gas barrier properties, dispersibility, ease of mixing with fine cellulose fibers, and cohesive strength of the film.
- the blending amount of these inorganic layered minerals is not particularly limited, and can be added within a range satisfying the required specifications within a range of 0.01% to 99%. In particular, from the viewpoint of adhesion of the laminate, it is more preferably in the range of 0.01% to 67%.
- a m M (OR) nm (In the formula, A is composed of one or more types of carbon main chain having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, M is a metal element, R is an alkyl group, n is an oxidation number of the metal element, and m is a substitution number ( 0 ⁇ m ⁇ n)), or a hydrolyzate or polymer of the organometallic compound.
- Specific examples include metal alkoxides of Ti, Zr, and Si, and particularly silicon alkoxide exhibits good performance.
- Tetraalkoxy compounds such as tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetrapropoxysilane or polymers thereof, trialkoxy compounds such as trimethoxysilane, triethoxysilane, tripropoxysilane or polymers thereof, dimethoxysilane, diethoxysilane, etc.
- the substrate (1) does not specifically limit as a base material, It can select and use suitably according to a use from the various sheet-like base materials (a film-form thing is included) generally used.
- base materials include paper, paperboard, biodegradable plastics such as polylactic acid and polybutyl succinate, polyolefin resins (polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.), polyester resins (polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate). Phthalates, polylactic acid, etc.), polyamide resins (nylon-6, nylon-66, etc.), polyvinyl chloride resins, polyimide resins, copolymers of any two or more of these monomers.
- the base material may contain known additives such as an antistatic agent, an ultraviolet absorber, a plasticizer, a lubricant, and a colorant.
- base materials made of biomass-derived materials such as paper, polylactic acid, biodegradable plastics such as polybutyl succinate, bio-polyethylene, etc. It is preferable because it can maximize the use.
- the surface of the base material may be subjected to surface treatment such as corona treatment, plasma treatment, ozone treatment, or flame treatment.
- surface treatment such as corona treatment, plasma treatment, ozone treatment, or flame treatment.
- the thickness of the base material can be appropriately set according to the use of the laminated material.
- it is usually in the range of 5 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, preferably 10 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m. From the viewpoint of cost and resource saving, 10 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m or less is most preferable.
- the laminate of the present invention has a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, an amino group or a hydroxyl group in the base material, the anchor layer, and the fine cellulose fiber layer, and their polarities attract each other, or the anchor layer
- the base material preferably has a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, an amino group, or a hydroxyl group.
- a polyester resin is preferable.
- polyester resins have only a few terminal carboxyl groups left, but these polyester resins are modified and modified to introduce more carboxyl groups and sulfonic acid groups to the surface or inside.
- the polyester resin is more preferred because it has a high effect of improving adhesion, paintability and stability over time.
- polyester resins it is more preferable to use a base material made of polylactic acid because of the advantage of making the best use of the advantages of the fine cellulose fibers which are the above-mentioned natural product-derived materials with less environmental load.
- the laminate of the present invention is characterized by having an anchor layer.
- the fine cellulose fibers contained in the fine cellulose fiber layer have a rigid property and a high elastic modulus, and because of the fiber shape, the area of the contact point with the substrate is small, and the reactivity is low.
- the problem is that the adhesion to the substrate is low, the problem that the dispersion medium used in the fine cellulose fiber is water-based, the problem with respect to the repelling, paintability and coating property, and the chemical anxiety of the substrate
- a water-based dispersion of fine cellulose fibers that solves the problem of deterioration of adhesion and substrate deterioration due to qualitative and low molecular weight molecular bleeding, crystallization, and surface deterioration. It is possible to uniformly coat the coating liquid consisting of the above and to secure the adhesion to the substrate, and to suppress the adhesion with time and the deterioration of the substrate and fine cellulose fibers.
- the anchor layer preferably contains at least one resin having a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, an amino group or a hydroxyl group.
- the resin When the resin is included, the polarities of the carboxyl group, sulfonic acid group, amino group or hydroxyl group present in the base material or fine cellulose fiber attract each other, and by reacting with the reactive compound contained in the anchor layer, the adhesion In addition, paintability and stability over time are improved.
- the resin contained in the anchor layer may have only one type of functional group or a plurality of functional groups. Moreover, you may have functional groups other than the said functional group, if the above-mentioned effect is not inhibited.
- polyester resin polyamide resin, polyimide resin, polyurethane resin, polyacrylic acid resin or polyolefin resin, or a copolymer thereof can be used.
- These resins may be acid-modified resins, resins modified by oxidation treatment, or resins having the above functional groups or other functional groups introduced by chemical modification.
- polyurethane resins, polyacrylic acid resins, and polyester resins are highly effective in improving adhesion and coating properties with fine cellulose fibers.
- the base material is a polyester resin
- a polyester resin is also used for the anchor layer
- the interaction between polarities, the intermolecular force, the covalent bond due to the reaction with the reactive compound contained in the anchor layer, and those Due to the synergistic effect, the effect of improving the adhesion between the layers and the effect of stability over time are particularly remarkable.
- the adhesion with the fine cellulose fiber layer is improved especially on a polylactic acid base material that has poor adhesion to most coatings. be able to.
- the said resin should just be contained at least 1 type in the anchor layer, and may be contained combining multiple said resin.
- the acid value of the resin contained in the anchor layer is preferably 12 or more, and more preferably 20 or more.
- the acid value affects the amount of the functional group and the above-described effects. If the acid value is less than 12, the effect of improving adhesion, paintability, and stability over time is small. If it is 20 or more, these effects are high, and the reactivity with the compound contained in the anchor layer is also good. If it is 50 or more, the interaction between polarities is large even if there is no reactive compound or there is little. appear. However, if it is larger than 200, it may affect the water resistance and blocking properties, so 12 or more and 200 or less are more preferable.
- the carboxyl group forms various salts using metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, organic ammonium such as ammonium and diethylammonium. can do.
- the state of these carboxyl groups greatly affects the solubility of the resin and the type of solvent.
- the carboxyl group of the resin included in the anchor layer forms an ammonium salt or an amine salt because the reaction proceeds at a low temperature.
- examples of the amine salt include triethylamine salt and tetramethylamine salt.
- the carboxyl group of the resin contained in the anchor layer is preferable because it does not form a salt and exists in the carboxyl group state, ie, “—COOH”, because the reaction proceeds at a low temperature.
- the thickness of the anchor layer is preferably 3 nm or more and 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness is less than 3 nm, the width of the fine cellulose fiber is smaller than that of the fine cellulose fiber, and the number of contacts is reduced.
- it exceeds 10 ⁇ m the film is too thick and the efficiency is poor, and warping and curling occur due to distortion of the anchor layer and the fine cellulose fiber layer.
- 3 nm or more and 5 ⁇ m or less are preferable. In particular, 3 nm or more and 2 ⁇ m or less are more preferable in terms of cost and drying efficiency.
- the anchor layer preferably contains a reactive compound.
- These reactive compounds promote the reaction with the resin contained in the anchor layer, and may react with a functional group such as a carboxyl group or a hydroxyl group of the fine cellulose fiber, and further with a functional group contained in the substrate. preferable. Due to these synergistic effects, adhesion between layers, coating property, and stability over time can be exhibited.
- a reactive compound The compound which has a carbodiimide group, an oxazoline group, an isocyanate group, an epoxy group, an amino group etc. is used preferably.
- compounds containing carbodiimide groups, oxazoline groups, and isocyanate groups can react efficiently with hydroxyl groups and carboxyl groups contained in the base material, anchor layer, and fine cellulose fiber layer, and can react at low temperatures. Therefore, high reactivity is exhibited when using a base material which is large in expansion and contraction due to heat, such as polyester and polyolefin, particularly polylactic acid. Moreover, since the carbodiimide group and the oxazoline group react slowly at a low temperature such as room temperature, the adhesion between the base material such as polylactic acid, the anchor layer, and the fine cellulose fiber can be stabilized over time. In particular, when the anchor layer is formed, the drying temperature is kept at a low temperature of 80 ° C.
- the drying temperature when forming the anchor layer has a great effect of preventing deterioration and deterioration of adhesion, and especially when using polylactic acid with low heat resistance as the base material, the deformation of the base material is minimized. In terms of suppression, it is more preferable to set the temperature to 60 ° C. or lower.
- the molecular weight of these reactive compounds is 1000 or more.
- the molecular weight of the reactive compound is less than 1000, the anchor layer becomes brittle, and the adhesion with a layer made of rigid fine cellulosic fibers or a hard substrate is not stable and tends to be weak.
- the strength of the weakest layer as viewed in the thickness direction of the laminate can be kept at 1.5 N or more when measured as the laminate strength.
- the upper limit of the molecular weight of the reactive compound is not particularly specified, but can be appropriately adjusted in consideration of the coating solution viscosity, film strength, and thermal characteristics of the anchor layer.
- the laminate (10) of the present invention has various functional layers such as an inorganic vapor deposition layer and a heat-sealable thermoplastic resin layer as necessary. May be.
- the inorganic vapor deposition layer is a layer provided to further improve the gas barrier property and water vapor barrier property of the laminate, and is made of, for example, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, silicon oxide, or the like.
- Examples of the method for forming the inorganic vapor deposition layer include a vacuum vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, and a plasma vapor deposition method.
- the inorganic vapor deposition layer is preferably provided on the surface of the fine cellulose fiber layer.
- thermoplastic resin layer is provided as a sealing layer when a bag-like package or the like is formed using the laminate of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a laminate (20) provided with the thermoplastic resin layer of the present invention.
- the thermoplastic resin layer (5) is laminated via the adhesive layer (4) on the fine cellulose fiber layer (3) laminated via the anchor layer (2) on one surface of the substrate (1).
- thermoplastic resin layer (5) examples include polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymer, ethylene-methacrylic acid ester copolymer, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, and ethylene.
- a heat-weldable film made of a resin such as an acrylate copolymer or a cross-linked metal product thereof is used.
- a method for forming the thermoplastic resin layer on the fine cellulose fiber layer a film that is a thermoplastic resin layer is bonded to the surface of the fine cellulose fiber layer using an adhesive such as a two-component curable urethane resin.
- thermoplastic resin layer is preferably provided on the surface of the fine cellulose fiber layer via the adhesive layer.
- other layers such as a printing layer may be provided between the fine cellulose fiber layer and the thermoplastic resin layer.
- Oxidized cellulose 2 was obtained by the same preparation method as Preparation Method 1 except that the reaction temperature was 30 ° C.
- the portion corresponding to the neutralization stage of the weak acid is the amount of carboxyl groups
- the content of carboxyl groups in oxidized celluloses 1 and 2 is 1.6 mmol / g, 2.5 mmol / g.
- Table 2 shows the oxidized cellulose, alkali, and additives used in the preparation of fine cellulose dispersions 1 to 3. Further, the number average fiber diameter of the fine cellulose fibers contained in the fine cellulose dispersions 1 to 3 was obtained from an average of 20 points of the height observed with an atomic force microscope (AFM). The results are also shown in Table 2.
- Coating solution for anchor layer formation By combining the following resins 1 to 7 and the following additives 1 to 3, 10 parts by weight of the additive is mixed with 100 parts by weight of the resin to form a coating liquid (an anchor layer forming coating liquid) 1 to 10 was prepared.
- Table 3 shows combinations of resins 1 to 7 and additives 1 to 3 in the anchor layer forming coating solution, solvents used, and solid content concentrations.
- Additive 1 ... SV-02 (Water-soluble polycarbodiimide, molecular weight 1000 or more) Nisshinbo additive 2 ... Epocross WS-500 (Oxazoline molecular weight 70000) Nippon Shokubai additive 3 ... Takenate A65 (Isocyanate) Mitsui Chemicals additive 4 ... EX614 (Epoxy) Made by Nagase ChemteX
- Examples 1 to 9 A 25 ⁇ m thick polylactic acid film having a corona-treated surface was prepared as a substrate.
- anchor layer forming coating solutions 1 to 9 were applied using a bar coater, and then dried at 60 ° C. for 20 minutes to form an anchor layer having a thickness of about 0.2 ⁇ m.
- the fine cellulose fiber dispersion 1 was applied using a bar coater and then dried at 60 ° C. for 20 minutes to form a fine cellulose fiber layer having a thickness of about 0.2 ⁇ m.
- a polypropylene film having a thickness of 70 ⁇ m which is a thermoplastic resin layer that can be heat-welded, is bonded to the fine cellulose fiber layer by dry lamination using a urethane polyol-based adhesive, and a base material / anchor layer / fine cellulose.
- a laminate of fiber layer / adhesive layer / thermoplastic resin layer was obtained.
- a polyethylene terephthalate film having a thickness of 25 ⁇ m and a corona-treated surface was prepared.
- the anchor layer forming coating solutions 2, 3, and 4 are applied using a bar coater, and then dried at 80 ° C. for 20 minutes to form an anchor layer having a thickness of about 0.2 ⁇ m.
- the fine cellulose fiber dispersion 2 was applied using a bar coater and then dried at 100 ° C. for 20 minutes to form a fine cellulose fiber layer having a thickness of about 0.2 ⁇ m.
- a polypropylene film having a thickness of 70 ⁇ m which is a thermoplastic resin layer, is bonded to the fine cellulose fiber layer by dry lamination using a urethane polyol-based adhesive, and the base material / anchor layer / fine cellulose fiber layer / adhesion.
- a layer / thermoplastic resin layer laminate was obtained.
- Example 13> A stretched polypropylene film having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m whose surface was corona-treated was prepared as a substrate.
- the anchor layer-forming coating solution 4 was applied using a bar coater, and then dried at 80 ° C. for 20 minutes to form an anchor layer having a thickness of about 1 ⁇ m.
- the fine cellulose fiber dispersion 3 was applied using a bar coater, and then dried at 80 ° C. for 20 minutes to form a fine cellulose fiber layer having a thickness of about 0.5 ⁇ m.
- a polypropylene film having a thickness of 70 ⁇ m which is a thermoplastic resin layer, is bonded to the fine cellulose fiber layer by dry lamination using a urethane polyol-based adhesive, and the base material / anchor layer / fine cellulose fiber layer / adhesion.
- a layer / thermoplastic resin layer laminate was obtained.
- Laminates were obtained in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 9, except that the anchor layer was not formed on the corona-treated surface of the substrate, and the fine cellulose fiber dispersion 1 was directly applied using a bar coater.
- the oxygen permeability (cm 3 / m 2 / day / atm) of the laminate was measured at 25 ° C. and 40% RH using an oxygen permeability measuring apparatus MOCON OX-TRAN 2/21 (manufactured by Modern Control). By measuring, the oxygen barrier property under normal conditions was evaluated.
- the water vapor permeability (g / m 2 / day) of the laminate is measured by the cup method in accordance with JIS Z0208 in an atmosphere of 40 ° C. and 90% RH, thereby evaluating water vapor barrier properties under high humidity conditions. did.
- the laminate of the present invention has good coatability and coatability, and can form a uniform film without unevenness of the fine cellulose fiber layer. It can be said that the permeability and water vapor permeability were small, and good barrier properties were exhibited. Moreover, the thing of the Example also showed the favorable result regarding the adhesiveness, and also showed the favorable result regarding the temporal stability. In addition, these effects were larger as the anchor layer contained a reactive compound, and those processed at a drying temperature of 60 ° C. or less after application of the anchor layer forming coating solution.
- the laminate of the present invention is used in the field of packaging materials such as foods and pharmaceuticals, in order to protect the contents, such as films and sheets that block gas such as oxygen and water vapor that permeate the packaging material, bottles, etc. It can be used for molded products.
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Abstract
Description
特に、フィルム基材、ポリ乳酸基材などを用いても、塗工性、密着性良く基材上に形成でき、かつ、基材と微細セルロース繊維層との密着の経時劣化を抑えた積層材料を提供できる。それにより、耐候、耐熱、耐水性も向上した積層体を得ることができる。
図1のように、本発明の積層体(10)は、少なくとも、基材(1)と、基材(1)の一方の面に、アンカー層(2)と、カルボキシル基を有する微細セルロース繊維を含む微細セルロース繊維層(3)とをこの順に積層して構成されている。アンカー層(2)および微細セルロース繊維層(3)は、基材(1)の両面にそれぞれ積層されていてもよい。
原料としては、セルロース素材を用いる。セルロース素材は、粉砕、爆砕、膨潤、精製、漂白、溶解再生、アルカリ処理などの前処理を施していてもよい。特に、セルロース素材としては、ガスバリア性の高い塗膜や強度のある塗膜を得る場合は、セルロースIの結晶構造を有する天然由来のセルロースを用いることが好ましい。原料となる天然由来のセルロースとしては、木材パルプ、非木材パルプ、綿パルプ、バクテリアセルロース、ホヤセルロースなどがある。
セルロースへのカルボキシル基の導入方法としては、一般的に知られる化学的な改質方法を用いることができる。カルボキシメチル化で知られるように、セルロースの水酸基をエステル化・エーテル化してカルボキシル基を導入する手法、水酸基から酸化反応によりカルボキシル基を導入する方法などを選択することができる。
特に、ガスバリア性の高い塗膜を得るためや、結晶構造を崩さずにカルボキシル基を導入するためには、中でも、ニトロキシラジカル誘導体を触媒とし、次亜ハロゲン酸塩や亜ハロゲン酸塩などを共酸化剤として用いる手法が好ましい。特に、TEMPO(2,2,6,6-テトラメチルピペリジノオキシラジカル)を触媒とし、アルカリ条件下、好ましくはpH9以上pH11以下の範囲で、次亜塩素酸ナトリウムと臭化ナトリウムを含む水系媒体中で行われるTEMPO酸化法が、試薬の入手しやすさ、コスト、反応の安定性の点から好適である。上記のTEMPO酸化法においては、反応の進行に伴いアルカリが消費されるため、随時アルカリ水溶液を添加して、系内のpHを一定に保つとよい。
TEMPO類および臭化ナトリウムは、反応の際に触媒量だけ用いればよく、反応後に回収することも可能である。また、上記の反応系では理論上の副生成物は塩化ナトリウムのみであり、廃液の処理も容易で環境への負荷が小さい。
酸化反応停止後、生成した酸化セルロースは、ろ過により反応液中から回収することができる。反応停止後の酸化セルロースにおいて、カルボキシル基は、共酸化剤やpH調整用の無機アルカリに由来する金属イオンを対イオンとした塩を形成している。回収の方法としては、カルボキシル基が塩を形成したまま濾別する方法、反応液に酸を添加しpH3以下に調整しカルボン酸としてから濾別する方法、有機溶剤を添加し凝集させた後に濾別する方法がある。その中でも、ハンドリング性や収率、廃液処理の点からカルボン酸に変換し回収する方法が好適である。また、後述する微細セルロース繊維組成物調製の際にも、対イオンとして金属イオンを含有しないほうが溶剤との混和性に優れるため、カルボン酸に変換し回収する方法が好適である。
回収した酸化セルロースは、洗浄を繰り返すことにより精製でき、触媒や副生成物である塩化ナトリウム、イオンなどの残渣を取り除くことができる。このとき、洗浄液としては水が好ましく、さらに塩酸などを用いpH3以下、より好ましくはpH1.8以下の酸性条件に調整し洗浄を行った後、水による洗浄を行うと、金属イオンを上記分析方法における検出限界量以下とすることができる。または、残存する金属イオン量をより低減させるため、酸性条件での洗浄を複数回行ってもよい。また、セルロース中に塩等が残留していると、後述の分散工程にて分散しにくくなるため、水洗浄は複数回洗浄を行うことが好ましい。
洗浄した酸化セルロースを微細化する工程としては、まず、酸化セルロースを分散媒である水系媒体に浸漬する。この時、浸漬した液のpHは、例えば、4以下となる。酸化セルロースは水系媒体に不溶であり、浸漬した時点では不均一な懸濁液となっている。
また、微細セルロース繊維のカルボキシル基は、塩を形成せず、カルボキシル基の状態、すなわち、「-COOH」の状態で存在していても、反応が進行しやすいため好ましい。
分散処理後の微細セルロース繊維は、数平均繊維径(繊維の短軸方向の幅)が、好ましくは0.001μm以上0.200μm以下であり、より好ましくは0.001μm以上0.050μm以下である。微細セルロース繊維の数平均繊維径は、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)や原子間力顕微鏡(AFM)により確認できる。分散が不十分・不均一で、一部に繊維径の大きいものが含まれていると、微細セルロース繊維を含む塗液を製膜した際、膜の透明性や平滑性が著しく低下してしまう問題がある。
AmM(OR)n-m
(式中、Aは炭素数1個以上10個以下の炭素主鎖1種類以上で構成され、Mは金属元素、Rはアルキル基であり、nは金属元素の酸化数、mは置換数(0≦m<n)を表す)で示される有機金属化合物または該有機金属化合物の加水分解物あるいは重合体である。具体的には、TiやZr、Siの金属アルコキシドが挙げられ、特に珪素アルコキシドが良好な性能を示す。テトラメトキシシラン、テトラエトキシシラン、テトラプロポキシシラン等のテトラアルコキシ体又はその重合物、トリメトキシシラン、トリエトキシシラン、トリプロポキシシラン等のトリアルコキシ体又はその重合物、ジメトキシシラン、ジエトキシシラン等のジアルコキシ体又はその重合物、その他、C-Si結合をもつメチルトリメトキシシラン、メチルトリエトキシシラン、メチルジメトキシシラン等、又は、官能基を有するものとして、ビニルトリメトキシシラン、ビニルトリエトキシシラン、γ-メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、γ-グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、β(3,4-エポキシシクロヘキシル)エチルトリメトキシシラン、γ-メルカプトプロピルトリメトキシシラン、γ-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、N-β-(アミノエチル)-γ-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシランなどが挙げられる。
また、アンカー層に含まれる樹脂のカルボキシル基は、塩を形成せず、カルボキシル基の状態、すなわち、「-COOH」の状態で存在していても、低温で反応が進行するため好ましい。
また、カルボジイミド基、オキサゾリン基は、室温など低温で緩やかに反応するため、ポリ乳酸などの基材とアンカー層、微細セルロース繊維との密着を経時で安定させることができる。特に、アンカー層を形成するときの乾燥温度を80℃以下の低温でとどめ、その上に微細セルロース繊維層を設けることで、アンカー層中の未反応のカルボジイミド基、オキサゾリン基が、基材や微細セルロース繊維層の劣化や密着性の低下を防ぐことができる。アンカー層を形成するときの乾燥温度は、劣化や密着性の低下を防ぐ効果が大きいことと、特に、基材として耐熱性が低いポリ乳酸などを用いる場合は、基材の変形を最小限に抑えるという面でも、60℃以下にすることがより好ましい。
また、反応性化合物の分子量の上限は特に特定されないが、アンカー層の塗液粘度や膜強度、熱特性を考慮し、適宜調整される。
微細セルロース繊維層上への熱可塑性樹脂層の形成方法としては、熱可塑性樹脂層であるフィルムを、2液硬化型ウレタン樹脂などの接着剤を用いて、微細セルロース繊維層の表面に貼り合わせるドライラミネート法等を用いることが一般的であるが、コーティング、ノンソルベントラミネート、ウェットラミネート、押し出しラミネートなどいずれも公知の方法により積層することもできる。
このように、熱可塑性樹脂層は、微細セルロース繊維層の表面に、接着層を介して設けることが好ましい。また、微細セルロース繊維層と熱可塑性樹脂層との間には、接着層のほかに、印刷層など他の層を設けてもよい。
セルロースとして汎用的に入手可能な針葉樹漂白パルプを用いた。
セルロース60g(絶乾質量換算)を蒸留水1000gに加え撹拌し、膨潤させた後ミキサーにより解繊した。ここに、蒸留水2200gと、予め蒸留水400gに溶解させたTEMPOを0.6g、臭化ナトリウム6gの溶液を加え、2mol/L濃度の次亜塩素酸ナトリウム水溶液172gを滴下により添加し、酸化反応を開始した。反応温度は常に20℃以下に維持した。反応中は系内のpHが低下するが、0.5NのNaOH水溶液を逐次添加し、pH10に調整した。そして、4時間反応させた時点で、エタノール60gを添加し、反応を停止した。続いて、反応液に0.5NのHClを滴下しpHを2まで低下させた。ナイロンメッシュを用いてこの反応液をろ過し、固形分をさらに水で数回洗浄し、反応試薬や副生成物を除去し、固形分濃度7%の水を含有した酸化セルロース1を得た。
反応温度を30℃とする以外は、調製方法1と同様の調製方法により、酸化セルロース2を得た。
絶乾質量換算で0.2gの凍結乾燥した酸化セルロースをビーカーに量りとり蒸留水を加えて60gとした。0.1MのNaCl水溶液を0.5mL加え、0.5Mの塩酸でpHを2とした後0.5MのNaOH水溶液を滴下して伝導度測定を行った。測定はpHが11程度になるまで続けた。弱酸の中和段階に相当する部分がカルボキシル基量となるので、得られた伝導度曲線からNaOHの添加量を読み取ると、酸化セルロース1および2のカルボキシル基の含有量は、それぞれ1.6mmol/g、2.5mmol/gであった。
上記により調製した固形分濃度7%の酸化セルロース1を57.14g(固形分4g)に蒸留水と、0.1Nのアンモニア水溶液を加え、pH10の酸化セルロース懸濁液400gとした。調製した懸濁液を回転刃つきミキサーにて60分間処理し、微細セルロース繊維分散液1を得た。
上記により調製した固形分濃度7%の酸化セルロース1を57.14g(固形分4g)に蒸留水と0.5N水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を加え、pH6.8の酸化セルロース懸濁液400gとした。調製した懸濁液を高圧ホモジナイザーにて処理し、微細セルロース分散液2を得た。
上記により調製した固形分濃度7%の酸化セルロース2を57.14g(固形分4g)に蒸留水と無機層状鉱物(モンモリロナイト)を固形分で2g、0.5N水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を加え、pH8の酸化セルロース懸濁液400gとした。調製した懸濁液を回転刃つきミキサーにて20分間処理し、微細セルロース繊維分散液3を得た。
下記樹脂1~7と下記添加剤1~3の組み合わせにより、樹脂100重量部に対し添加剤10重量部を混合し、アンカー層を形成するための塗液(アンカー層形成用塗液)1~10を調製した。アンカー層形成用塗液における樹脂1~7と添加剤1~3の組み合わせ、用いた溶媒および固形分濃度を表3に示す。
樹脂1・・・ポリエスター WR-961
(カルボキシル基含有ポリエステル、アンモニウム塩型、酸価60-70)
日本合成化学製
樹脂2・・・ポリエスター WR-901
(硫酸ナトリウム基含有ポリエステル、酸価5以下)
日本合成化学製
樹脂3・・・アローベース SB-1010
(カルボキシル基含有酸変性ポリオレフィン、アンモニウム塩型、
酸価12以上)
ユニチカ製
樹脂4・・・NT-ハイラミック
(ポリウレタン)
大日精化製
樹脂5・・・バイロエコール BE-600
(ポリ乳酸)
東洋紡績製
樹脂6・・・キトサン
大日精化製
樹脂7・・・ダイヤナール BR-107
(アクリル)
三菱レイヨン製
添加剤1・・・SV-02
(水溶性ポリカルボジイミド 分子量1000以上)
日清紡製
添加剤2・・・エポクロスWS-500
(オキサゾリン 分子量70000)
日本触媒製
添加剤3・・・タケネートA65
(イソシアネート)
三井化学製
添加剤4・・・EX614
(エポキシ)
ナガセケムテックス製
基材として、表面をコロナ処理した厚み25μmのポリ乳酸フィルムを用意した。基材のコロナ処理面上に、アンカー層形成用塗液1~9をバーコーターを用いて塗布した後、60℃で20分間乾燥処理することにより、厚み約0.2μmのアンカー層を形成した。
アンカー層上に、微細セルロース繊維分散液1をバーコーターを用いて塗布した後、60℃で20分間乾燥処理することにより、厚み約0.2μmの微細セルロース繊維層を形成した。
さらに、微細セルロース繊維層上に、ウレタンポリオール系接着剤を用いて、ドライラミネートにより、熱溶着可能な熱可塑性樹脂層である厚み70μmのポリプロピレンフィルムを貼り合わせて、基材/アンカー層/微細セルロース繊維層/接着層/熱可塑性樹脂層の積層体を得た。
基材として、表面をコロナ処理した厚み25μmのポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルムを用意した。基材のコロナ処理面上に、アンカー層形成用塗液2、3、4をバーコーターを用いて塗布した後、80℃で20分間乾燥処理することにより、厚み約0.2μmのアンカー層を形成した。
アンカー層上に、微細セルロース繊維分散液2をバーコーターを用いて塗布した後、100℃で20分間乾燥処理することにより、厚み約0.2μmの微細セルロース繊維層を形成した。
さらに、微細セルロース繊維層上に、ウレタンポリオール系接着剤を用いて、ドライラミネートにより、熱可塑性樹脂層である厚み70μmのポリプロピレンフィルムを貼り合わせて、基材/アンカー層/微細セルロース繊維層/接着層/熱可塑性樹脂層の積層体を得た。
基材として、表面をコロナ処理した厚み20μmの延伸ポリプロピレンフィルムを用意した。基材のコロナ処理面上に、アンカー層形成用塗液4をバーコーターを用いて塗布した後、80℃で20分間乾燥処理することにより、厚み約1μmのアンカー層を形成した。
アンカー層上に、微細セルロース繊維分散液3をバーコーターを用いて塗布した後、80℃で20分間乾燥処理することにより、厚み約0.5μmの微細セルロース繊維層を形成した。
さらに、微細セルロース繊維層上に、ウレタンポリオール系接着剤を用いて、ドライラミネートにより、熱可塑性樹脂層である厚み70μmのポリプロピレンフィルムを貼り合わせて、基材/アンカー層/微細セルロース繊維層/接着層/熱可塑性樹脂層の積層体を得た。
基材のコロナ処理面上にアンカー層を形成せず、直接微細セルロース繊維分散液1をバーコーターを用いて塗布した以外は、実施例1~9と同様にして積層体を得た。
アンカー層形成用塗液として、アンカー層形成用塗液9を用いた以外は、実施例10~12と同様にして積層体を得た。なお、アンカー層形成用塗液10は塗工性が悪く、形成したアンカー層に直接微細セルロース繊維分散液を塗布することが困難であったため、アンカー層表面にコロナ処理を過剰に加え、その後微細セルロース繊維層を設けた。
実施例1~13および比較例1、2の積層体を作製する際の、微細セルロース繊維分散液を塗布する工程において、実施例1~13では、微細セルロース繊維分散液の塗れ性が良好で、特にはじきやムラ等が観察されることはなかった。また、比較例2では、アンカー層表面にコロナ処理を過剰に加えたため、微細セルロース繊維分散液の塗れ性はある程度良好であった。
一方、比較例1では、塗れ性が悪く、微細セルロース繊維分散液のはじきやムラが目視で観察できた。
積層体の酸素透過度(cm3/m2/day/atm)を、25℃、40%RH雰囲気下で、酸素透過度測定装置MOCON OX-TRAN 2/21(モダンコントロール社製)を用いて測定することで、通常条件下での酸素バリア性を評価した。
積層体の水蒸気透過度(g/m2/day)を、40℃、90%RH雰囲気下で、JIS Z0208に準拠し、カップ法により測定することで、高湿度条件での水蒸気バリア性を評価した。
積層体を幅15mm長さ100mmの短冊状に切りとり、剥離速度300mm/min.におけるT型剥離強度を測定した。
積層体を40℃90%の環境下で1週間保管し、前述の密着性試験の方法と同様に密着性を評価した。
また、密着性に関しても、実施例のものは良好な結果を示しており、経時安定性に関しても良好な結果を示した。また、これらの効果は、アンカー層に反応性化合物が含まれるもの、アンカー層形成用塗液の塗布後の乾燥温度を60℃以下で加工したものほど大きい結果となった。
2・・・アンカー層
3・・・微細セルロース繊維層
4・・・接着層
5・・・熱可塑性樹脂層
10、20・・・積層体
Claims (13)
- 少なくとも、基材と、前記基材の一方の面に、アンカー層と、カルボキシル基を有する微細セルロース繊維を含む微細セルロース繊維層とをこの順に設けた積層体であって、
前記アンカー層が、カルボキシル基、スルホン酸基、アミノ基または水酸基を有する樹脂を少なくとも1種類以上含むことを特徴とする積層体。 - 前記微細セルロース繊維が、酸化反応によりカルボキシル基が導入された酸化セルロースであり、前記カルボキシル基の含有量が、0.1mmol/g以上5.5mmol/g以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の積層体。
- 前記微細セルロース繊維の数平均繊維径が、0.001μm以上0.200μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の積層体。
- 前記微細セルロース繊維のカルボキシル基が、アンモニウム塩またはアミン塩を形成していることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の積層体。
- 前記アンカー層に含まれる樹脂が、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂、ポリアクリル酸樹脂もしくはポリオレフィン樹脂またはこれらの共重合体であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の積層体。
- 前記アンカー層が、カルボキシル基を有する樹脂を少なくとも含み、前記樹脂のカルボキシル基が、アンモニウム塩またはアミン塩を形成していることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の積層体。
- 前記アンカー層が、更に、カルボジイミド基、オキサゾリン基、イソシアネート基またはエポキシ基を有する反応性化合物を含むことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の積層体。
- 前記基材が、ポリエステル樹脂からなり、前記アンカー層が、カルボキシル基を有するポリエステル樹脂と、カルボジイミド基またはオキサゾリン基を有する反応性化合物とを含むことを特徴とする請求項7に記載の積層体。
- 前記基材を構成するポリエステル樹脂が、ポリ乳酸であることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の積層体。
- 前記反応性化合物の分子量が、1000以上であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の積層体。
- 前記アンカー層に含まれる樹脂の酸価が、12以上であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の積層体。
- 前記アンカー層の厚みが、3nm以上10μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の積層体。
- 少なくとも、基材と、前記基材の一方の面に、アンカー層と、カルボキシル基を有する微細セルロース繊維を含む微細セルロース繊維層とをこの順に設けた積層体の製造方法であって、
前記基材の一方の面に、カルボキシル基、スルホン酸基、アミノ基または水酸基を有する樹脂を少なくとも1種類以上と、カルボジイミド基、オキサゾリン基、イソシアネート基またはエポキシ基を有する反応性化合物とを含む塗液を用いて塗膜を形成する工程と、
前記塗膜を80℃以下で乾燥させて前記アンカー層を形成する工程と、
前記アンカー層の上に前記微細セルロース繊維層を形成する工程と
を備えることを特徴とする積層体の製造方法。
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| JP2012545696A JP5928339B2 (ja) | 2010-11-25 | 2011-11-16 | 積層体およびその製造方法 |
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| KR20200110780A (ko) | 2018-02-23 | 2020-09-25 | 오지 홀딩스 가부시키가이샤 | 섬유상 셀룰로오스 함유 피막의 제조 방법, 수지 조성물, 피막 및 적층체 |
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| JP2019162807A (ja) * | 2018-03-20 | 2019-09-26 | 株式会社きもと | 機能性部材 |
| WO2019181616A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-20 | 2019-09-26 | 株式会社きもと | 機能性部材 |
| JP7138459B2 (ja) | 2018-03-20 | 2022-09-16 | 株式会社きもと | 機能性部材 |
| JP7008190B2 (ja) | 2018-05-17 | 2022-01-25 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 粘着又は接着用シート及び積層体 |
| JP2022016486A (ja) * | 2018-05-17 | 2022-01-21 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 粘着又は接着用シートの使用方法 |
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| JP2019202434A (ja) * | 2018-05-22 | 2019-11-28 | 第一工業製薬株式会社 | 積層体 |
| JP2020132651A (ja) * | 2019-02-12 | 2020-08-31 | 王子ホールディングス株式会社 | 繊維状セルロース含有被膜の製造方法、樹脂組成物、被膜及び積層体 |
| JP2023082962A (ja) * | 2021-12-03 | 2023-06-15 | 日本製紙株式会社 | セルロースナノファイバーを含む積層体の製造方法、及びその積層体。 |
| WO2025053151A1 (ja) * | 2023-09-05 | 2025-03-13 | 王子ホールディングス株式会社 | 積層体 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2644371A1 (en) | 2013-10-02 |
| US9404016B2 (en) | 2016-08-02 |
| KR101956393B1 (ko) | 2019-03-08 |
| KR20130140627A (ko) | 2013-12-24 |
| US20130260143A1 (en) | 2013-10-03 |
| JPWO2012070441A1 (ja) | 2014-05-19 |
| JP5928339B2 (ja) | 2016-06-01 |
| CN103052499A (zh) | 2013-04-17 |
| CN103052499B (zh) | 2016-01-20 |
| EP2644371A4 (en) | 2017-06-28 |
| EP2644371B1 (en) | 2020-08-05 |
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