WO2012069595A1 - Apparatus and method for comminuting material - Google Patents

Abstract

The comminuting apparatus as described connect a comminuting apparatus working in accordance with the cross flow shredder principle to an additional cutting blade. The combination of cutting and beating comminution causes even heavy materials to be broken down and homogenized.

Description

 Apparatus and method for material shredding

The invention relates to a device and a method for comminuting material, in particular of plastic, rubber, tire waste, wood, green waste, garbage, film residues, carpet residues, fabric remnants, mineral material, such as excavated soil, for the decomposition and digestion of various technical equipment and other materials or objects.

The material to be ground can be disposable waste or a raw material to be milled. It is in the disposal of waste and in the processing of the raw material to be ground usually on the one hand, to disintegrate the millbase, which can have different sizes, different densities and different components, on the one hand to disintegrate material composites, and on the other hand to separate the different materials and recover as sorted as possible. In other applications, it may depend on a comminution and homogenization of the ground material. For example, in the treatment of green waste.

To supply the articles made of various materials ^¬ which are composed as mentioned above, in an economical manner a recycling or as a raw material of production of, baffle means employed in the prior art. The items are divided by a Schlagbe ^¬ anspruchung with a high momentum transfer.

For the purposes of this process, DE 43 00 784 C2 describes a device for comminuting waste to be disposed of. advise with a peripheral wall having a container and used in the space of the container striking tools, which is connected to a drive motor. The striking tools consist of a plurality of hingedly interconnected chain links. The ground material is comminuted by the swirling impact tools and centrifugal movements in the space of the container. Although the percussion tools can crush and disassemble the objects composed of different materials by beating effect, however, such a device can not effectively ^¬ fully and successfully crush some materials such as green waste, carpet residue or plastic ^{films ¬} .

EP 0 859 693 B1 discloses a method and a device for processing components from mixtures of substances, in particular mixed plastics. For this purpose, a so-called impact reactor with a cylindrical grinding container and a rotatable rotor is provided, which is driven in rotation by a drive motor. The adjustable in height in the body rotor is made of wear-resistant steel and has at its wing-shaped ends releasably received, exchangeable impact elements. The document gives no indication of how or whether the impingement reactor described is to be used for separating impact-resistant materials.

In all the above-mentioned writings, the striking tools only move around at the level of a lower portion of the container. Objects that move due to its light weight or other reason always at the level of a middle and upper portion of the container are possibly not se ^¬ se seized. Therefore, a sufficient shredding ^¬ tion of the above materials with the known methods is at least difficult. On this basis, it is the object of the invention to provide an apparatus and a method for comminuting different materials.

The device to be created should, depending on the design, eg for green waste, other waste, garbage, plastics, rubber, wire, various technical equipment and vielfäl ^¬ term items be suitable. For this purpose it should be possible, items with different elasticity and various ^¬ to crush those sizes, weights and densities in a treatment together.

This object is achieved according to the invention by the ^features of claims 1, 15 and 16. Further features of the invention are described in the dependent claims and may be apparent from the drawing and description of the figures.

The comminution device according to the invention is provided for the comminution of materials, etc. The different properties of resilience, size, Ge ^¬ weight, density can have. Such materials include green waste, garbage, plastics, rubber, wire, various technical equipment, other waste or Ge ^¬ objects. In particular, the comminution device according to the invention is suitable for substance mixtures with components which have very different characteristics. For example, the components may differ in fracture properties or cuttability. For comminution or homogenization of such materials or material mixtures, the device comprises a container, at least one impact tool and at least one knife. The impact tool is arranged in a lower portion of Behäl ^¬ ters and can throw the material to be crushed due to be ^¬ and upstream and stir. The extra Knife is mounted on a movable knife carrier and protrudes into the stream of fluidized material. It is preferably arranged off-center at a distance from the peripheral wall above the impact tool.

The grinding container has a peripheral wall defining a cylinder. The container may also be formed cuboid or aufwei ^¬ sen a polygonal cross-section. The at least one impact tool is connected by an on ^¬ drive shaft with a drive motor. It moves the materials to be reduced and hurls the mate rials ^¬ in the middle and upper space of the grinding container. The knife carried by the blade protrudes into the more or less ordered rotating or circulating material flow. The knife carrier leads into the space of the grinding container and drives the knife through a drive shaft connected to a drive ^¬ source. The material flow pas ^¬ Siert the moving, preferably, so that the particles of the material stream are chaffed from the knives rotating blades.

The knife carrier is preferably angeord ^¬ net on the side wall of the grinding container or above the grinding container, so that the knife is held quasi floating in the space of Be ^¬ container. The drive shaft is preferably mounted on one side only at its side which is assigned to the drive ^source . The drive source may be a special drive motor. But it can also be formed by a transmission that acts together ^¬ men with a different drive unit. This drive unit can also drive the impact ^¬ tool.

In a preferred embodiment, the position and / or orientation of the knife relative to the container wall and / or relative to the impact tool is adjustable. The measuring The serträger is preferably rotatable about a pivot axis ge ^¬ superimposed, which extends transversely to its axis of rotation and preferably horizontally. This pivot axis is preferably oriented tangentially to the container wall. This makes it possible to adjust the cutting or impact angle of the knife purpose ^¬ accordingly. This can be done either occasionally during breaks. Alternatively, this can be done during operation.

It may be advantageous to make the knife carrier adjustable in its vertical position. For this purpose, the knife carrier may be movably supported from the lower region of the container to the upper region of the container or from the lateral region of the container toward the middle of the container.

The impact tool is arranged in a lower region of the container, preferably just above its bottom. During the crushing of the materials the particles and broken pieces of the material to run through the shock caused by the centrifugal ^¬ tool in the space of the grinding container. Thus, the rotating, oscillating or, if necessary, also resting knife can detect the circulating in the container materials. The set of material flow of the material of the material is directed towards the knife and extends for example in the direction of the axis of rotation of the knife. It can also run in another desired direction and cut by the knife and crushed. Thus, objects that are less sensitive to the impact of the lower impact tool (and the fragments among themselves), such as rubber, wire, tires, plastic films and similar materials can be successfully and effectively separated and crushed ^¬ by this additional knife. While the at least one impact tool causes a centering ^¬ rifugalbewegung of the material, are items that are always moving because of their light weight or walls ^¬ rem base at the level of a middle or upper portion of the container, operated by the knife. Optionally, the workplace of the blade may be variable to vorzu an adaptation to the profile of the material flow ^¬ take. Thus, all the items to be shredded and materials can be shredded together and uniformly in a single treatment by the knife.

With the device according to the invention, the duration of a comminution process or homogenization ^¬ process can be shortened. It is possible to crush or homogenize materials that are not or only slightly comminuted in conventional crushing plants. Therefore, the device according to the invention represents a significant advance in comparison with the prior art.

The invention will be explained in more detail in the following description with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings. Show it:

1 is a schematic partially sectioned side view of an embodiment of a Zerklei ^¬ nerungsvorrichtung invention,

Fig.2 is a plan view of Fig.l illustrated

In the form of a guide,

3 shows a schematic partially sectioned side view of a further embodiment of the shredding device according to the invention and FIG

Fig. 4 is a plan view of that illustrated in Fig. 3 Execution form.

Fig.l shows a crushing invention ^¬ direction. The crushing device has a container 1, which may be open at the top. If necessary, it can be closed by a lid or other conclusion. Alternatively, the container 1 above may have a blanket provided with a regrind inlet.

The container 1 has a side wall 3, which has a e.g. has cylindrical shape and defines a space 15 for the ground material. The cylindrical shape lays one

Longitudinal axis 17 fixed. The side wall 3 is preferably formed ge ^¬ closed to enclose the material to be ground in the container 1. However, the side wall 3 may also be provided with a material inlet opening, in particular in its upper area. The side wall 3 may be substantially flat without protrusions and depressions. Alterna ^¬ tively there is also the possibility of radially inwardly projecting projections on the side wall 3 to be arranged, which serve as impact ^¬ body and / or have cutting edges to assist the crushing of the material. Also, guide surfaces for guiding the stream of material in a desired direction may be present on the side wall 3.

The container 1 has a preferably flat bottom, from the edge of the side wall 3 rises. From below, a drive shaft 4 is inserted into the Behäl ^¬ ter 1 through the bottom. At the upper end of the drive shaft 4, a receiving head 5 or other suitable connec ^¬ tion device may be provided to connect at least one impact tool 7 and connect to the drive shaft 4. The drive shaft 4 is preferably arranged concentrically to the longitudinal axis 17 of the container 1.

The drive shaft 4 can via a V-belt transmission. 6 connected to a drive motor 16. This V-belt transmission is a reduction gearbox and adjusts the higher engine speed to the lower input shaft speed. Other transmissions or a gearless di ^¬ direct connection between the drive motor and the drive shaft can be provided.

At the receiving head 5 as a striking tool wenigs ^¬ least a chain 21 and / or at least one rod 22, an arm, one or more ropes with one or more baffles or the like attached. The concerned

Impact tool 7 is fixed in each case with its radially inner end to the receiving head 5. If two or more impact tools 7 are present, the Schlagwerkzeu ^¬ ge 7 can be arranged distributed to the receiving head 5 at equal angular intervals. Alternatively, the impact ^¬ tools can be arranged distributed 7 as required on the recording head 5 in the uneven angular intervals. If the impact tool 7 itself rigidly - such as a rod, an arm, or a wing - it may be rigid or movable, for example, pivotally connected to the shaft or the receiving head 5.

On the side wall 3 of the container 1, a discharge shaft 2 may be provided to dispense the shredded material. The discharge duct 2 can with a closure ^¬ means, for example, be in the form of a slide, a flap or the like. In batch mode, the closure device serves to close off the container 1 during the grinding operation and to open it during the Austra ^¬ gene. During continuous operation, the closure device may gradually release the discharge chute 2 to regulate the discharge of material. The discharge chute can then be covered, for example, by a sieve, so that only material parts with a correspondingly small size can get into the discharge chute 2.

The crushing device according to the invention has at least one knife carrier 8, which carries at least one knife 9 movable. For this purpose, the knife carrier 8 itself can be movable. Additionally or alternatively, the knife 9 on the knife carrier 8 movable (eg rotating or linear or rotationally oscillating) be stored. For example, the knife 9 is driven by a drive source 12, which is connected by a drive shaft 13 with the knife 9. Preferably, the rotational speed of the knife 9 is greater, preferably substantially greater than the speed of the impact tool ^¬ 7. The knife 9 has one or more blades or cutting edges that project transversely from the drive shaft. 13 The knife 9 is arranged at the free end of the drive shaft 13.

The drive source 12 may be a special Antriebsmo ^¬ tor. But it can also be formed by a gear that cooperates with another drive unit, for example, the drive of the impact tool 7. The knife 9 he stretches ^¬ is arranged in the space 15 of the container 1 above the impact tool 7.

The striking tools 7 to accelerate the zerklei ^¬ nernde material, it fling in the container 1 in a swirling motion upwards and also acting on the material hitting a. It depends on the type of material to a more or less pronounced material crushing and material separation, ie a resolution of

Fabric composites. This is due to the impact effect of the impact tools and a rubbing and beating interactions ^¬ effect of the individual particles of the material with each other. The knife 9 can be arranged above the impact tools 7 rotating in the flow of material in order to keep the space in the space of the container 1 circulating material to further crush. The knife preferably has sharpened edges which act to cut the material. It can be used depending on the material to be processed but also blunt knives, which bring about a desired crushing, especially by impact effect.

Fig. 2 shows a plan view of the illustrated ^¬ clear in Fig.l comminution device. The knife carrier 8 is preferably arranged on a mounting frame 14 which is arranged on the peripheral wall 3 of the container 1. Alterna tively ^¬ the blade support 8 and the jig 14 may be arranged above the container. 1 It is also possible to arrange several knife carriers with knives at different points of the container.

In order to adjust the position of the knife 9 in the space 15 as well as to set a cutting or beating angle of the knife 9, the knife carrier 8 can be rotatably mounted about an axis 10. The knife carrier 8 may be movably supported along a direction 20, which are aligned, for example, parallel to the central axis of the container 1. Furthermore, the knife 9 can be mounted movably or adjustably from the side region of the container 1 towards its center. Thus, the position of the knife 9 can be made changeable, in order to adapt to the circulating and to be comminuted material flow. The drive shaft 13 extends in plan view of the container 1 along a straight line which does not intersect the longitudinal axis 17. The drivable knife 9 is arranged at a small distance close to the side wall 3 of the container. Depending on the position of the knife 9 minimum distance from the side wall 3 is for example a few centimeters, for example between 5 and 20 cm. The preferably rotating blade 9 moves its cutting edges preferably transversely to the direction of material flight or this opposite. The axis of rotation of the knife 9 may be directed obliquely to the tangential direction of the circle of motion of the rotating material. Articles that are insensitive to the impact of the lower impact tool 7, such as rubber, wire, tires, sods, foils and other materials, can be effectively crushed by the knife 9.

Articles which, because of their low weight or for other reasons, at least frequently move at the level of a middle and upper region of the container, are worked by the knife 9 in a striking and / or cutting manner. The device according to the invention combines the blunt beating and the sharp cutting action in one machine and a single process. Especially with otherwise difficult to crush material very inhomogeneous materials, the treatment time can be significantly shortened and the necessary ^{Energieieauf ¬} wall and system wear can be reduced.

FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate another embodiment of a shredding device according to the invention. The shredding device has a rotor 19 which forms at least a portion of the bottom of the container 1.

The drive shaft 4 is connected to the disk or plate-shaped rotor 19 in order to drive it in rotation. The rotor in turn carries the at least one impact tool 7.

The impact tool 7 may be formed as a wing 18 which is fixed to the rotor 19. The wing 18 can from the preferably otherwise flat floor rise at right angles or inclined. It may be formed straight or arcuate in the radial direction or obliquely to the radial direction. The wing 18 has a transversely oriented to the circumferential direction of the impact surface, which serves to capture and acceleration ^¬ tion of the material. In addition, the wing 18 may have at its edge one or more cutting edges to act on impact resistant articles, in particular rubber, tires, wood, flexible branches of plants, etc., cutting. The wing 18 may be ^{rectangular in} shape, trapezoidal, triangular or otherwise polygonal in front view. It can also be straight or ge ^¬ rounded edges and rounded overall, so be formed without corners. Various shapes and various large ^¬ SSE are possible.

The shredding device according to the invention in turn has at least one movable knife carrier 8, which carries at least one knife 9. A drive source 12 drives the knife 9 via a drive shaft 13, which is connected to the knife 9. The knife 9 in turn extends into the space 15 of the container 1 inside.

For material shredding is caused by the at least one wing 18 circulating movement of the material and fluidized the material. The projecting into the flow of material rotating knife 9 is held above the blade 18 and comminutes the circulating material on.

The described embodiments connect a shredding device according to the Querstromzerspanerprin- zip with an additional cutting blade. The combination of cutting and beating comminution causes a digestion and a homogenization of even difficult materials. Reference sign list

1 container

 2 discharge opening

3 peripheral wall

4 drive shaft

5 pickup head

6 V-belt drive

7 impact tool

8 knife carriers

9 cutting blades

10 axis of rotation

 11 support arm

 12 output source

13 drive shaft

14 mounting frame

15 room

 16 drive motor

17 longitudinal axis

 18 wings

 19 rotor

 20 arrow

 21 chain

 22 pole

Claims

claims 1. A device for material shredding, with a peripheral wall (3) having container (1) having a space (15) for the material to be ground, with at least one impact tool (7), the mindes ^¬ least one impact member, and having a drive shaft (4) which is connected to the impact tool (7) and a drive motor (16), with at least one knife carrier (8) which leads into the space (15) and which carries at least one movable knife (9). 2. Device for material shredding according to claim 1, characterized in that the knife carrier (8) about an axis (10) is pivotally mounted. 3. Device for material shredding according to claim 1, characterized in that the knife carrier (8) with a drive source (12) is connected. 4. Device for material shredding according to claim 1, characterized in that the knife carrier (8) along one direction (20) is adjustably mounted. 5. A device for material shredding according to claim 1, characterized in that the knife (9) from the side region of the container (1) is movably mounted in the interior of the container (1). 6. A device for material shredding according to claims 1, characterized in that the knife (9) carrying the drive shaft (13) which is connected to the on ^¬ operating source (12), in the space (15) of the container (1). extends into it. 7. A device for material shredding according to claim 6, characterized in that the knife carrier (8) on a mounting frame (14) is mounted, which is provided on the side wall (3) of the container (1) or above dessel ^¬ ben. 8. An apparatus for material shredding according to claim 1, characterized in that the knife (9) is held at least during the material crushing above the striking tools (7). 9. A device for material shredding according to claim 1, characterized in that the impact tool (7) in a lower region of the container (1) is arranged. 10. A device for material shredding according to claim 1, characterized in that the impact tool (7) consists of at least one chain (21) having a radially inner part on a receiving head (5) is attached. 11. A device for material shredding according to claim 1, characterized in that the impact tool (7) has at least one arm (22) which is fastened with its radially inner portion to a head (5). 12. An apparatus for material shredding according to claim 1, characterized in that the impact tool (7) comprises at least one wing (18) which is fixed to a rotor disc (19). 13. A method for material shredding with a device according to claim 1, characterized in that by means of the impact tool (7) an ascending and circulating material flow is generated, in the above the impact tool (7), the moving blade (9) is immersed and the Ground material cuts and shreds. 14. Method for material shredding according to claim 13, characterized in that the position and / or orientation of the blade (9) in the space (15) both at standstill and during operation of the impact tools ^¬ (7) is adjustable. 15. Method for material shredding according to claim 14, characterized in that the knife (9) in ei ^¬ ner direction (20) parallel and / or transversely to the longitudinal axis (17) of the container (1) is movable.