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WO2012069071A1 - Procédé permettant de compenser un désalignement entre une matrice de sous-pixels d'un écran et un réseau optique, et écran autostéréoscopique - Google Patents

Procédé permettant de compenser un désalignement entre une matrice de sous-pixels d'un écran et un réseau optique, et écran autostéréoscopique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012069071A1
WO2012069071A1 PCT/EP2010/007280 EP2010007280W WO2012069071A1 WO 2012069071 A1 WO2012069071 A1 WO 2012069071A1 EP 2010007280 W EP2010007280 W EP 2010007280W WO 2012069071 A1 WO2012069071 A1 WO 2012069071A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
misalignment
pixels
pixel
subpixels
value
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PCT/EP2010/007280
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English (en)
Inventor
René DE LA BARRE
Silvio Jurk
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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Priority to PCT/EP2010/007280 priority Critical patent/WO2012069071A1/fr
Publication of WO2012069071A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012069071A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
    • H04N13/31—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using parallax barriers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
    • G02B30/27—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving lenticular arrays
    • G02B30/29—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving lenticular arrays characterised by the geometry of the lenticular array, e.g. slanted arrays, irregular arrays or arrays of varying shape or size
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
    • G02B30/30—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving parallax barriers
    • G02B30/32—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving parallax barriers characterised by the geometry of the parallax barriers, e.g. staggered barriers, slanted parallax arrays or parallax arrays of varying shape or size
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
    • H04N13/317—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using slanted parallax optics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/398—Synchronisation thereof; Control thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for compensating a misalignment between an optical grating and a subpixel array of an autostereoscopic display. Furthermore, the invention relates to a corresponding autostereoscopic display, which comprises a subpixel array with a plurality of subpixels and an optical grating, which may be arranged in front of or behind the subpixel array.
  • the subpixels of the subpixel array of an autostereoscopic display of this kind comprise at least two subsets of subpixels, each of the subsets corresponding to one of at least two viewing zones and forming a family of parallel stripes, stripes of the different subsets alternating in a cyclical sequence and each of the stripes comprising a plurality of pixels, each of these pixels being formed by a group of sub- pixels containing at least two neighboured subpixels.
  • the optical grating shows a structure which is supposed to be aligned with said family of parallel stripes for directing light coming from subpixels of each of the subsets into the viewing zone corresponding to the respective subset.
  • optical grating is used, in this context, in a broad sense.
  • the grating does not have to be a dif- fraction grating. It may, rather, be realized by any structure having the function described here. Typically, the grating will show a structure of equidistant parallel lines.
  • the grating may be given, e.g., by a family of cylindrical lenses or grooves or slits. In alternative embodiments, the grating may be given by a colour-selective barrier formed by stripes of different filters.
  • Displays of this kind are known and used in the state of the art for displaying stereoscopic images by displaying, on each of the subsets of subpixels, one of two half images if the display is a so called single user display or one of more than two half images if the display is a multi-view display, the half images showing different views of the same scene.
  • this scene can be perceived as a three-dimensional image by a user adopting a position which makes sure that the user's two eyes are placed in two different of said viewing zones.
  • said parallel stripes forming the subsets of subpixels are often only roughly aligned with the structure of the optical grating or, equivalently, that the structure of the optical grating is only roughly aligned with said family of parallel stripes.
  • a misalignment of this kind may be due to a lack of precision in a manufac- toring process resulting in that the grating is not exactly parallel to a plane of the subpixel array or mounted such that the slits or lenses of the grating are not exactly parallel to the stripes due to a rotational tolerance.
  • the grating or the subpixel array may also show a slightly too large or too small period length or be distorted in itself.
  • an object of the present invention to suggest a method for improving a display quality of an autostereoscopic display of the kind described above. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to develop a corresponding autostereoscopic display ensuring an improved quality of displayed three- dimensional images.
  • the method according to the invention comprises determining a misalignment direction matrix assigning a misalignment direction value to each of the pixels, determining a misalignment magnitude matrix assigning a misalignment magnitude value to each of the pixels, and determining a weight function for each of the pixels, the weight function assigned to each of the pixels being dependent on the misalignment direction value and the misalignment magnitude value assigned to the respective pixel, wherein the weight functions or parameters defining the weight functions are stored in a memory of a control unit of the display and wherein the weight functions define a weight factor for each subpixel of the respective pixel and are determined such that activating the subpixels of a pixel in accordance with the respective weight function results in the barycenter of brightness of the respective pixel being shifted from a given point in this pixel into the direction corresponding to the misalignment direction value and by a distance corre- sponding to the misalignment magnitude value assigned to this pixel.
  • Said given point may be, e.g.
  • determining the misalignment direc- tion matrix includes displaying a pattern on the sub- pixel array, this pattern being obtained by shifting a first initial pattern sidewards into a first direction, taking a first picture of an appearance of the display from one of the viewing zones, modifying the pattern such that it is, compared to the first initial pattern, shifted sidewards into a second direction opposite to the first direction, taking a second picture of the appearance of the display from the same viewing zone, evaluating the taken pictures and assigning a first misalignment direction value and/or a second misalignment direction value to pixels depending on a brightness of these pixels on the first picture and on the second picture.
  • the pattern should be shifted into the sec- ond direction by the same amount as it is, compared to the first initial pattern, into the first direc- tion for the first picture.
  • This amount may be given, e.g., by a width of one subpixel.
  • Determining the misalignment magnitude matrix in- eludes iteratively modifying a second initial pattern on the subpixel array such that barycenters of brightness of pixels are, compared to this second initial pattern, shifted into a direction depending on or corresponding to the misalignment direction value assigned to the respective pixel and by an amount varying from iteration to iteration, taking pictures of the appearance of the display for each of the iterations, evaluating these pictures and defining the misalignment magnitude values assigned to different pixels corresponding to the amount for which a brightness of the respective pixel on the pictures fulfils a condition indicating an optimum. This condition can be defined depending on the second initial pattern.
  • the misalignment magnitude values assigned to the different pixels are defined corresponding to the amount for which the brightness of the respective pixel on the pictures assumes an extremum.
  • extremum shall, in this context, also be used for a value which, due to an inaccuracy of a method used for evaluating the pictures and for varying the amount by which the barycenters of brightness are shifted, differs slightly from the actual mathematical extremum.
  • the first initial pattern and/or the second initial pattern may, in particular, be a stripe pattern which is defined such that the subpixels of at least one of the subsets represent an unstructured picture of uniform brightness while the remaining subpixels of the at least one remaining subset are dark.
  • the initial patterns may, however, also be defined in a different way, for example such that the pixels of the different subsets represent unstructured pictures of different colours or complementary structures .
  • the parameters defining the weight functions can be chosen as the misalignment direction value and the misalignment magnitude value assigned to the respective pixel.
  • determining the weight functions can be done implicitly by determining the misalign- ment direction values and misalignment magnitude values and by a given prescription defining a weight function which is dependent on these parameters .
  • activating the subpixels of the display according to the weight functions determined with the suggested method By activating the subpixels of the display according to the weight functions determined with the suggested method, quality losses due to misalignments between the subpixel array and the grating can be avoided as the misalignments are compensated by the shifted barycenters of brightness.
  • activating the subpixels according to the weight functions means that the subpixels of each pixel are activated with an intensity value depending not only on a value defined for this pixel by image data of an image to be displayed but also on the weight factor for the re- spective subpixel defined by the weight function assigned to this pixel.
  • the intensity value may be obtained by weighting the value defined by the image data with the respective weight factor.
  • the suggested autostereoscopic display comprises, in addition to the subpixel array and the grating, a control unit for activating the subpixels of the sub- pixel array in accordance with image data.
  • This control unit can, e.g., be given by or comprise a graphic card or a graphics processing unit or a shader.
  • the control unit is configured to activate the subpixels in accordance with image data of at least two different images such that each of the images is reproduced by the pixels formed by the sub- pixels of one of the subsets.
  • the control unit of the display comprises a memory storing a matrix of weight functions or of pa- rameters defining weight functions, this matrix assigning a weight function or a parameter defining a weight function or a set of parameters defining a weight function to each of the pixels, the weight functions assigning a weight factor to each subpixel of the respective pixel.
  • control unit is configured to activate the subpixels of each pixel with an intensity value depending on a value defined for this pixel by the image data and on the weight factor assigned to the respective subpixel by the weight function assigned to this pixel or defined by the parameter or set of parameters assigned to this pixel, the weight functions being defined such that this results in barycenters of brightness of the pixels being shifted in a way compensating for a mis- alignment between the optical grating and the sub- pixel array.
  • the control unit can be programmed or hard-coded accordingly. This can be realized by the method described above.
  • the subsets corresponding to the different viewing zones may be disjoint in the sense that none of the subpixels contributes to more than one of the displayed images .
  • Whether a subpixel is part of one or the other of two adjacent pixels - and correspondingly belongs to one or another of two different sub- sets - may, however, depend on the misalignment direction values and misalignment magnitude values assigned to these pixels.
  • the subsets are changed for compensating the misalignment and that it depends on the misalignment direction values and misalignment magnitude values how the sub- pixels are finally assigned to the different subsets. In addition, this may depend on a possibly detected position of a user of the display.
  • Assigning the sub- pixels to the different subsets may be done by a so called pixel-shader .
  • the pixel-shader is also configured to apply the weight functions determined for compensating the misalignment.
  • matrix is used in this context for any prescription or definition assigning a value or a function to each of the pixels. As the pixels are distributed over the subpixel array, this can typically - even though not necessarily - be done by labelling the pixels using two arguments identifying lines and rows of the display, thereby justifying the name matrix. Even though the misalignment direction values, the misalignment magnitude values and the weight functions are, preferably, determined for each pixel independently, it shall not be excluded that the pixels can be grouped to clusters of more than one pixel, the same value or function being assigned to all pixels of the same cluster.
  • the stripes formed by the subsets of subpixels run exactly parallel to the structure of the grating such that a projection of lines given by the structure of the grating on the subpixel array, a center of projection being given by a central point of any of the viewing zones, corresponds to the family of stripes of the subset corresponding to this viewing zone, more precisely to centerlines of these stripes.
  • the misalignment of the real display is, preferably, compensated such that lines defined by the shifted barycenters of brightness of the pixels within the stripes of any of the subsets correspond to a projection of the optical grating on the subpixel array with a center of projection being given by a central point in the viewing zone corresponding to this subset.
  • a deviation between any of said lines of barycenters and a closest line of a pattern obtained by said projection should be smaller than a deviation between the latter line and a centerline of the stripe of subpixels containing the line of barycenters. This should apply at least for a majority of stripes for which the latter deviation exceeds a certain tolerance and preferably for all stripes.
  • control unit is config ured to determine the intensity values for the sub- pixels of each pixel as a product of the value defined by the image data and of the weight factor assigned to the respective subpixel by the weight func tion assigned to this pixel or defined by the parame ter or set of parameters assigned to this pixel.
  • weight functions depend, in addition to the misalignment direction values and misalignment magnitude values, on shift parameters depending on detected positions of a user's eyes such that the barycenters of brightness are additionally shifted by an amount corresponding to these shift parameters for compensating a movement of the user.
  • determining the misalignment direction matrix may include assigning the first misalignment di- rection value to pixels that appear brighter on the first picture and darker on the second picture and/or the second misalignment direction value to pixels that appear darker on the first picture and brighter on the second picture. This is applicable, in par- ticular, if the first initial pattern is a stripe pattern as described above .
  • Said stripe pattern can be displayed such that, in each case, the subpixels of one and only one of the subsets represent the unstructured picture of uniform brightness.
  • this subset corresponds to the viewing zone from which the pictures are taken.
  • the first misalignment direction value corresponds to the first direction and the second misalignment direction value to the second direction.
  • the stripe pattern is displayed in this way not only for determining the misalignment direction matrix but also for determining the misalignment magnitude matrix, the aforementioned extremum being a maximum in this case.
  • the autostereoscopic display may, e.g., be a single user display, the subsets of subpixels being a first subset corresponding to a left viewing zone for a left eye and a second subset corresponding to a right viewing zone for a right eye.
  • the image quality can be notably improved relatively easy by the suggested features.
  • determining the misalignment direction matrix and determining the misalignment magnitude matrix can be performed independently for each of the subsets, the pictures in each case being taken from a viewing zone corresponding to the respective subset.
  • the pictures are taken from the left viewing zone when the misalignment direction matrix and the misalignment magnitude matrix are determined for the first subset and from the right viewing zone when these two steps are performed for the second subset.
  • determining the misalignment magnitude matrix may comprise comparing, for each of the pixels, the misalignment direction value assigned to this pixel and the misalignment direction value assigned to an adjacent pixel belonging to a different of said subsets and defining the misalignment magnitude values assigned to at least one of these pixels as zero if the misalignment direction values assigned to these pixels comprise the first and the second misalignment direction value, these misalignment direction values being assigned to the two pixels in a way corresponding to shifts of bary- centers of brightness of the two pixels towards each other. This avoids that barycenters of brightness of two adjacent pixels are moved towards each other.
  • determining the misalignment magnitude matrix may, alternatively, com- prise comparing, for each of the pixels, the misalignment direction value assigned to this pixel and the misalignment direction value assigned to an adjacent pixel belonging to a different of said subsets and reassigning a smaller misalignment magnitude value to at least one of these pixels if the misalignment direction values assigned to these pixels comprise the first and the second misalignment direction value - the misalignment direction values being assigned to these two pixels in a way corresponding to shifts of barycenters of brightness of the two pixels towards each other - and if the misalignment magnitude value assigned to the at least one of these pixels before its redefinition is larger than a predefined threshold value.
  • misalignment magnitude matrix is determined, one possible way of determining the amount by which the barycenters of brightness of the pixels are shifted in any of the iterations is by evaluating the picture taken in the preceding iteration and by de- fining said amount, for each of the pixels, as proportional to a difference between a brightness of the respective pixel in said picture and a maximum brightness. In any case, shifting the barycenters of brightness from iteration to iteration can preferably be done using the same weight functions or class of weight functions as for compensating the misalignment by the last step of the claimed method.
  • the photographic pictures which are taken for determining the misalignment direction matrix and the misalignment magnitude matrix can be taken with a camera.
  • This camera can be a stereo camera having two object lenses, one of the object lenses being placed in each of two adjacent viewing zones. In order to avoid Moire patterns it may be advantageous to set this camera slightly out of focus for taking the pictures .
  • Fig. 1 a schematic top view of an autostereoscopic display
  • Fig. 2 a partial view of a subpixel array of the display of Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 3 a front view of an optical grating of the display of Fig. 1, a detail of this grating being drawn to a larger scale,
  • Fig. 4 a front view of a part of the display including parts of the subpixel array and the grating
  • Fig. 5 ⁇ a schematic top view of the display showing possible misalignments between the subpixel array and the grating, as a front view two details of the display, on the left an area where the grating and the subpixel array are properly aligned and on the right an area showing a misalignment between the grating and the subpixel array,
  • a top view of a set-up of the autostereo- scopic display and a stereo camera for a method for compensating the misalignment between the grating and the subpixel array a side view of the set-up of Fig. 7, six pictures taken with the camera in the set-up of Figs. 7 and 8 for determining a misalignment direction matrix, a flowchart illustrating how the misalignment direction matrix is determined, a graphical illustration of two parts of the misalignment direction matrix, two pictures taken with the camera in the set-up of Figs.
  • Fig. 15 a diagram illustrating how a difference between a brightest point and a darkest point of the pictures changes from iteration to iteration
  • Fig. 16 a graphical illustration of two partial
  • Fig. 17 a graphical illustration of the final mis- alignment magnitude matrix obtained from the two partial misalignment magnitude matrices .
  • Fig. 18 a graphical illustration of how a center of brightness of a pixel is shifted by changing intensities of adjacent subpixels
  • Fig. 19 a diagram showing a relation between a
  • Fig. 20 a resulting observable brightness of the pixel as a function of the shift value assuming that the center of brightness is shifted as shown in Fig. 18,
  • Fig. 21 an illustration showing, in the same way as
  • Fig. 22 a flowchart illustrating the method for compensating the misalignment between the grating and the subpixel array.
  • the autostereoscopic display 1 shown in Fig. 1 has a subpixel array 2, an optical grating 3 arranged in front of the subpixel array 2 and a control unit 4.
  • the subpixel array 2 is given by an LCD and comprises a plurality of subpixels 5.
  • the control unit 4, which is configured for activating the subpixels 5 of the subpixel array 2 in accordance with image data 6, can be given by a graphic card of a computer and comprises a memory 7 as well as a graphics processing unit 8 including a shader.
  • the autostereoscopic display 1 of this embodiment is a single user display. Fig.
  • FIG. 1 shows a left eye 9 and a right eye 9 ' of a user, the left eye 9 being placed in a central point of a left viewing zone 10 and the right eye 9' being placed in a central point of a right viewing zone 10' .
  • the same fea- tures are always designated using the same reference signs .
  • Fig. 2 shows a part of the subpixel array 2.
  • the sub- pixels 5 are arranged in lines and columns, columns of red, green and blue subpixels 5 alternating in a cyclical sequence.
  • the subpixels 5 are assigned to two disjoint subsets, a first of these subsets corresponding to the left viewing zone 10 and a second of these subsets corresponding to the right viewing zone 10'.
  • the subpixels 5 of the subset corresponding to the left viewing zone 10 are marked with a letter L
  • the subpixels 5 of the subset corresponding to the right viewing zone 10' with a letter R.
  • Each of the two subsets of subpixels 5 forms a family of slanted parallel stripes, stripes of the two subsets alternating from the left to the right.
  • Each of the stripes is made up of a column of pixels, each o these pixels being formed by a group of adjacent sub pixels 5.
  • each of the pix els contains nine subpixels 5, three of each colour. More precisely, these groups of subpixels 5 extend over three lines and contain three adjacent subpixel 5 in each of these lines.
  • the optical grating 3 which is shown in Fig. 3, is realized by a glass plate partly covered with an opaque coating forming equidistant parallel bands.
  • the grating 3 shows a structure given by a family of equidistant parallel slits 11 remaining between the bands of the coating.
  • the grating 3 can be realized by a family of cylindrical lenses.
  • the structure of the grating 3 is at least roughly aligned with the aforementioned family of parallel stripes of subpix- els 5 for directing light coming from subpixels 5 of each of the subsets into the viewing zone 10 or 10' corresponding to the respective subset.
  • the optical grating 3 is arranged in front of the subpixel array 2.
  • the optical grating 3 can be arranged behind the subpixel array 2 instead and separate the subpixel array 2 from a light source of the display.
  • the image data 6 correspond to two different images, these images being a right half image and a left half image complementing each other to a 3D image.
  • the control unit 4 is configured to activate the subpix- els 5 in accordance with the image data 6 such that the left half image is reproduced by the pixels com- posed of the subpixels 5 of the first subset while the right half image is reproduced by the pixels formed by the subpixels 5 of the second subset.
  • the left eye 9 of the user will see the left half im- age and the right eye 9' the right half image.
  • Fig. 5 shows two examples of possible misalignments between the optical grating 3 and the subpixel array 2.
  • the optical grating 3 should be arranged exactly parallel to the subpixel array 2, a distance a between the subpixels array 2 and the grating 3 being constant, such that the user can see, on the autostereoscopioc display 1, the 3D image composed of the two half images from a distance A.
  • Fig. 5 illus- trates how light paths from the subpixels of the sub- pixel array 2 passing through the grating 3 change if the grating is, due to a more or less tolerable inexactness in a production process, arranged in a slightly slanted plane 12 or 12' instead.
  • Fig. 6 shows three adjacent subpixels 5 of one pixel as they can be seen from a central point of one of the viewing zones 10 or 10' in an area where the cor- responding slit 11 of the grating 3 is properly aligned with one of the stripes of the respective subset of subpixels 5.
  • a picture on the right hand side of Fig. 6 shows a section of the same size of the display 1 as it appears in an area where the slits 11 and the stripes on the subpixels array 2 are not properly aligned.
  • the display 1 will show at least any inexactness of this kind.
  • the memory 7 stores a matrix of parameters defining weight functions, this matrix assigning a set of parameters defining a weight function to each of the pixels. These weight functions may also, in addition to said parameters, depend on detected positions of the user's eyes 9 and 9' and assign a weight factor to each sub- pixel 5 of the respective pixel.
  • the control unit 4 is configured to activate the subpixels 5 of each pixel with an intensity value depending not only on a value defined for this pixel by the image data 6 but also on the weight factor assigned to the respective subpixel 5 by the weight function assigned to this pixel, i.e. by the weight function defined by the set of parameters assigned to this pixel.
  • control unit 4 is configured to determine the intensity values for the subpixels 5 of each pixel as a product of the value defined by the image data 6 and of the weight factor assigned to the respective sub- pixel 5 by the respective weight function assigned to this pixel.
  • the graphics processing unit 8 is programmed or hard-coded accordingly.
  • the weight functions are defined such that this results in barycenters of brightness of the pixels be- ing shifted in a way compensating for the misalignment between the optical grating 3 and the subpixel array 2.
  • the barycenters of brightness of the pixels are shifted such that lines defined by the shifted barycenters of brightness of the pixels within the stripes of any of the two subsets of sub- pixels 5 correspond to a projection of the slits 11 of the optical grating 3 on the subpixel array 2, a center of projection being given by the central point in the viewing zone 10 or 10' corresponding to this subset, said central points being the positions of the eyes 9 and 9' in Fig. 1.
  • said set of parameters is given by a misalignment direction value and a misalignment magnitude value for each of the pixels.
  • a misalignment direction value a misalignment magnitude value for each of the pixels.
  • one single parameter could be used, an absolute value of the parameter corresponding to the misalignment magnitude value and a sign of this parameter a shift direction corresponding to the misalignment direction value.
  • the weight functions themselves can be stored in the memory 7 instead of the parameters.
  • the memory 7 stores a matrix of weight functions assigning to each of the pixels the respective weight function.
  • Figs. 7 and 8 show a set-up for performing this method.
  • a stereoscopic camera 13 is arranged in front of the autostereoscopic display 1 At the distance A.
  • This camera 13 has two object lenses 14 and 14 1 , a distance P between optical axes of these object lenses 14 and 14' being 65 mm.
  • the object lens 14 is arranged in the central point of the left viewing zone 10 while the object lens 14' is placed in the central point of the right viewing zone 10'.
  • a plurality of pictures of the screen or display 1 are taken with the camera 13. For taking these pictures, the object lenses 14 and 14' are set slightly out of focus to avoid disturbing Moire patterns .
  • a misalignment direction matrix is determined, this matrix assigning a misalignment direction value to each of the pixels. This step is explained hereafter referring to Figs. 9, 10 and 11.
  • a stripe pattern is displayed on the subpixel array 2, this stripe pattern being obtained by shifting an initial stripe pattern, which is defined such that the subpixels 5 of the first subset represent an unstructured picture of uniform brightness while the subpixels 5 of the second subset are dark, sidewards to the left by an amount of a width of one subpixel 5.
  • a first picture 15 of an appearance of the display 1 is taken from the left viewing zone 10 by means of the object lens 14.
  • the stripe pattern is modified such that it is, compared to the initial stripe pattern, shifted sidewards to the right by the same amount of the width of one sub- pixel 5.
  • a second picture 16 of the appearance of the display 1 is taken through the left object lens 14.
  • the directions left and right are, here and in the following, defined with respect to a viewing direction of the camera 13.
  • Fig. 9 shows, in addition to the pictures 15 and 16, a picture 17 taken from the left viewing zone 10 through the left object lens 14 while the initial stripe pattern is displayed on the subpixel array 2.
  • the taken pictures 15 and 16 are evaluated by determining, for each pixel composed of subpixels 5 of the first subset, a brightness value IL(x,y) in the first picture and a brightness value IR(x,y) in the second picture.
  • Two coordinates x and y are used here for labelling the pixels in accordance with their position on the display 1.
  • the brightness values IL(x,y) and IR(x,y) may, e.g., be defined as the respective luminance or luminous intensity.
  • misalignment direction values f (x,y) are determined for the pixels which are composed of subpixels 5 of the second subset of subpixels 5.
  • another stripe pattern is displayed on the subpixel array 2, this stripe pattern being obtained by shifting a complementary initial stripe pattern, which is defined such that the subpixels 5 of the second subset represent an unstructured picture of uniform brightness while the subpixels 5 of the first subset are dark, sidewards to the left by an amount of the width of one subpixel 5.
  • a first picture 15' of the appearance of the display 1 is taken from the right viewing zone 10' by means of the object lens 14' in this state.
  • the stripe pattern is again modified such that it is, compared to the complementary initial stripe pattern, shifted sidewards to the right by the same amount of the width of one subpixel 5.
  • a second picture 16' of the ap- pearance of the display 1 is taken through the right object lens 14'.
  • the order of taking the first picture 15' and the second picture 16' may be changed, of course.
  • Fig. 9 shows in the second line between the pictures 15' and 16' a picture 17' taken from the right viewing zone 10' through the right object lens 14' while the complementary initial stripe pattern is displayed on the subpixel array 2.
  • the pictures 15' and 16' are evaluated analogously by determining, for each pixel composed of subpixels 5 of the second subset, a brightness value IL(x,y) in the first picture and a brightness value IR(x,y) in the second picture.
  • Fig. 11 shows a graphic representation of the misalignment direction matrix obtained in this way. This matrix comprises two parts, a first part, which is shown in Fig, 11 on the left hand side, containing the misalignment direction values f (x,y) for the pix- els of the first subset and a second part, which is shown in Fig.
  • a misalignment magnitude matrix assigning a misalignment magnitude value to each of the pixels is determined.
  • a starting point is, in each case, the picture 17 or 17' of the display 1 taken while the respective initial stripe pattern is displayed on the subpixel array 2. These pictures 17 and 17' are shown once more in Fig. 12.
  • the left object lens 14 is used for all pictures taken after modifying the first initial stripe pattern, while the right object lens 14 ' is used for the pictures taken after modifying the complementary initial stripe pattern.
  • intensity values or brightness values I(x,y) are determined for all pixels composed of sub- pixels 5 of the respective subset.
  • I(x,y) are used for determining the amount by which the barycenter of brightness of the respective pixel is shifted in the next iteration.
  • Fig. 13 shows a picture 18 taken by means of the left object lens 14 after the first modification of the first initial stripe pattern and a picture 18' taken by means of the right object lens 14' after the first modification of the complementary initial stripe pattern.
  • I(x,y) being the value determined for the intensity or brightness of the same pixel in the respective precedent iteration.
  • Preliminary misalignment magnitude values assigned to the different pixels are, after evaluating all of the taken pictures, defined as the amount d n (x,y) for which the brightness I(x,y) of the respective pixel assumes a maximum on the taken pictures.
  • a total brightness 19 of the pictures taken from the left viewing zone 10 and a total brightness 19' of the pictures taken from the right viewing zone 10' are determined by integrating over all pixels of the rexpective picture.
  • the diagram of Fig. 14 shows how relative values of the total brightness 19 and the total brightness 19' depend on the number of iterations.
  • brightness differences 20 and 20" between a brightness of a brightest pixel max ⁇ l(x,y) ⁇ and a brightness of a darkest pixel min ⁇ l(x,y) ⁇ are measured for each of the taken pictures.
  • the brightness difference 20 in the pictures taken from the left viewing zone 10 and the brightness difference 20' in the pictures taken from the right viewing zone 10' are plotted as functions of the number of iterations. In the present embodiment, the number of iterations is restricted to twenty as no further improvement can be seen after the twentieth iteration.
  • the preliminary- misalignment values are, thus, determined, for each of the pixel, as the amount d n (x,y) for which the brightness I(x,y) of the respective pixel assumes a maximum in the course of the twenty iterations .
  • Fig. 16 shows a graphic representation of the preliminary misalignment magnitude values obtained in this way, a graphic chart on the left showing these values for the pixels composed of the subpixels 5 of the first subset, a graphic chart on the right showing these values for the pixels composed of the sub- pixels 5 of the second subset of subpixels 5. Similar to the graphic charts of Fig. 11, these graphic charts indicate at least roughly the determined val- ues for the different areas of the respective picture .
  • the two graphic charts of Fig. 16 can be regarded as two partial misalignment magnitude matrices.
  • the fi- nal misalignment magnitude matrix is derived from these partial misalignment magnitude matrices as follows. For each of the pixels of the first subset, the misalignment direction value assigned to this pixel is compared with the misalignment direction value as- signed to one adjacent pixel belonging to the second subset. This means that the misalignment direction values assigned to pairs of two corresponding points or pixels in the two convoluted half images are compared.
  • FIG. 17 A graphic chart illustrating the ob- tained misalignment magnitude matrix of the final misalignment magnitude values is shown in Fig. 17.
  • the misalignment direction values and the misalignment assigned to the different pixels are stored in the memory 7.
  • a weight function is determined for each of the pixels, the weight function assigned to each of the pixels being dependent on the misalignment direction value and the misalignment magnitude value assigned to the respective pixel.
  • These weight functions define a weight factor for each subpixel 5 of the respective pixel and are determined such that activating the subpixels 5 of a pixel in accordance with the respective weight function results in the barycenter of brightness of the respective pixel being shifted from a center of area of this pixel or from another defined point in this pixel into the direction corresponding to the misalignment direction value and by a distance corresponding to the mis- alignment magnitude value assigned to this pixel.
  • the shader which is integrated in the graphics processing unit 8 is configured to activate the subpixels 5 correspondingly by determining an intensity value for each subpixel 5 as a product of the value defined by the image data 6 and the weight factor assigned to the respective subpixel 5 by the weight function determined for the respective pixel.
  • the weight functions may depend, in addition to the parameters given by the respective misalignment direction value and the misalignment magnitude value, on additional shift parameters which can be defined depending on detected positions of the user's eyes 9 and 9' for compensating moves of the user.
  • a total shift parameter may be de- termined for each of the pixels by adding or subtracting, depending on the misalignment direction value, the misalignment magnitude value to or from a shift value which is determined by analyzing a tracking signal obtained by detecting positions of the user's eyes 9 and 9'.
  • the weight function assigned to a pixel is then, preferably, obtained by using a definition of a weight function dependent on a shift parameter and by evaluating this definition for the total shift parameter determined for this pixel.
  • the barycenters of brightness of the pixels are, in addition to a shift into the direction corresponding to the misalignment direction value and by the distance corresponding to the misalignment magnitude value, shifted by an amount corresponding to said shift value which is calculated from the tracking signal.
  • Figs. 18 to 20 contains ten diagrams, each of these diagrams showing intensity values for three adjacent subpixels 5 taken from a cen- tral line of a pixel. These three subpixels 5 are labelled by R, G and B for their colours red, green and blue.
  • the diagrams show, from the top to the bottom, how the barycenter of brightness of the pixel can be shifted from a given starting point to the left.
  • the barycenter of brightness is shifted by an increasing amount up to the width of one subpixel 5 by reducing the intensity of the subpixel B on the right and by increasing the intensity of the subpixel R on the left.
  • An intensity of a central subpixel G remains unchanged. The same happens in the remaining two lines of the pixel where the order of colours is cyclical interchanged.
  • the respective barycenter of brightness is marked with a letter B.
  • the left subpixel R and the subpixels 5 on the left of the remaining lines of the pixel are standby subpixels and remain dark if the shift value is zero while the subpixels G and B and the central subpixels 5 and the subpixels 5 on the right in the remaining lines of the pixel are activated with the same inten- sity value.
  • an intensity of the subpixel B on the right is reduced to zero while the central subpixel G and the subpixel R on the left are activated with the same intensity.
  • the subsets of the subpixel ar- ray 2 are redefined such that the standby subpixels, i.e. the subpixel R in the line shown in Fig. 18 as well as the left subpixels 5 in the remaining two lines of this pixel in its original shape, are as- signed to the adjacent pixel to the left while corresponding standby pixels of the adjacent pixel on the right are assigned to the pixel shown in Fig. 18 instead.
  • the standby subpixels i.e. the subpixel R in the line shown in Fig. 18 as well as the left subpixels 5 in the remaining two lines of this pixel in its original shape, are as- signed to the adjacent pixel to the left while corresponding standby pixels of the adjacent pixel on the right are assigned to the pixel shown in Fig. 18 instead.
  • parts of each pixel are always hidden behind the opaque bands of the coating of the grating 3 while only a partial area of the pixel can be seen through the respective slit 11.
  • Fig. 19 shows this size as a function of the shift value, assuming that the shift value is chosen corresponding to the misalignment magnitude value and with a sign corre- sponding to the misalignment direction value for compensating the misalignment.
  • Fig. 19 shows - marked with the letters R, G and B - a dependence of visible partial areas of the red sub- pixel, the green subpixel and the blue subpixel of the central line of subpixels 5 of the pixel on the shift value. Due to the changing visible partial areas of the different subpixels 5, activating the sub- pixels 5 with the intensity values of Fig.
  • the weight factor of the corresponding weight function assigned to a subpixel 5 is defined as the intensity value obtained for this subpixel 5 according to the scheme shown in Fig. 18 multiplied with factor proportional to an inverse value of the perceived brightness for the same shift value as plotted in Fig. 20.
  • This class of weight functions is used not only for compensating the misalignment between the optical grating 3 and the subpixel array 2 but also for shifting the barycenters of brightness of the pixels in the iterations of the preceding method described above. This is done by activating the sub- pixels 5 of a pixel using the weight function of this class assigned to the shift value corresponding to the amount by which and direction into which the barycenter of brightness is to be shifted.
  • this weight function is taken from the same class of weight functions and chosen as the weight function assigned to the shift value corresponding to the misalignment magnitude value with a sign corresponding to the misalignment direction value - plus or minus an additional shift value if a changed position of the user is to be taken into account .
  • FIG. 21 An alternative way of shifting the barycenter of brightness of a pixel is illustrated in Fig. 21.
  • This way of shifting the barycenters of brightness can analogously be used for defining the weight functions.
  • Fig. 21 shows twenty diagrams of the same kind as Fig. 18. Starting in the left column from the top to the bottom, these diagrams show how the barycenter of brightness of the pixel is shifted from a center of area of the pixel - corresponding to a shift value of zero in this case - to the right by an increasing amount up to a shift value of 0.5 times the width of one subpixel 5.
  • determining the misalignment magnitude matrix may comprise comparing, for each of the pixels, the misalignment direction value assigned to this pixel and the misalignment direction value assigned to an adjacent pixel belonging to the other subset and reassigning a reduced misalignment magnitude value corresponding to a threshold value of 0.5 times the width of one subpixel 5 to any of these pixels for whom, before said redefinition, a larger misalignment magnitude value is determined if one of

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé permettant de compenser un désalignement entre un réseau optique (3) et une matrice de sous-pixels (2) d'un écran autostéréoscopique (1), la matrice de sous-pixels (2) comprenant au moins deux sous-ensembles de sous-pixels (5), chacun des sous-ensembles correspondant à une zone parmi au moins deux zones de visualisation (10, 10') et formant une famille de bandes parallèles au moins grossièrement alignées avec une structure du réseau optique (3), les bandes des différents sous-ensembles alternant dans une séquence cyclique et chacune des bandes comprenant une pluralité de pixels, chacun de ces pixels étant formé par un groupe de sous-pixels (5). Au cours de ce procédé, une matrice de direction de désalignement affectant une valeur de direction de désalignement à chacun des pixels ainsi qu'une matrice de grandeur de désalignement affectant une valeur de grandeur de désalignement à chacun des pixels sont déterminées. Enfin, une fonction de pondération est déterminée pour chacun des pixels, la fonction de pondération affectée à chacun des pixels étant dépendante de la valeur de direction de désalignement et de la valeur de grandeur de désalignement attribuée au pixel respectif. L'invention concerne en outre un écran autostéréoscopique (1) correspondant.
PCT/EP2010/007280 2010-11-24 2010-11-24 Procédé permettant de compenser un désalignement entre une matrice de sous-pixels d'un écran et un réseau optique, et écran autostéréoscopique Ceased WO2012069071A1 (fr)

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US9389415B2 (en) 2012-04-27 2016-07-12 Leia Inc. Directional pixel for use in a display screen
US9459461B2 (en) 2012-05-31 2016-10-04 Leia Inc. Directional backlight
US9201270B2 (en) 2012-06-01 2015-12-01 Leia Inc. Directional backlight with a modulation layer
US10082613B2 (en) 2012-06-01 2018-09-25 Leia Inc. Directional backlight with a modulation layer
US9785119B2 (en) 2013-01-31 2017-10-10 Leia Inc. Multiview display screen and multiview mobile device using same
US9298168B2 (en) 2013-01-31 2016-03-29 Leia Inc. Multiview 3D wrist watch
US10830939B2 (en) 2013-07-30 2020-11-10 Leia Inc. Multibeam diffraction grating-based backlighting
US9128226B2 (en) 2013-07-30 2015-09-08 Leia Inc. Multibeam diffraction grating-based backlighting
US9557466B2 (en) 2014-07-30 2017-01-31 Leia, Inc Multibeam diffraction grating-based color backlighting
US10345505B2 (en) 2014-07-30 2019-07-09 Leia, Inc. Multibeam diffraction grating-based color backlighting
US10852560B2 (en) 2015-01-10 2020-12-01 Leia Inc. Two-dimensional/three-dimensional (2D/3D) switchable display backlight and electronic display
US10768357B2 (en) 2015-01-10 2020-09-08 Leia Inc. Polarization-mixing light guide and multibeam grating-based backlighting using same
US10684404B2 (en) 2015-01-10 2020-06-16 Leia Inc. Diffraction grating-based backlighting having controlled diffractive coupling efficiency
US10948647B2 (en) 2015-01-19 2021-03-16 Leia Inc. Unidirectional grating-based backlighting employing a reflective island
US11194086B2 (en) 2015-01-28 2021-12-07 Leia Inc. Three-dimensional (3D) electronic display
US10670920B2 (en) 2015-03-16 2020-06-02 Leia Inc. Unidirectional grating-based backlighting employing an angularly selective reflective layer
US10788619B2 (en) 2015-04-23 2020-09-29 Leia Inc. Dual light guide grating-based backlight and electronic display using same
US10578793B2 (en) 2015-05-09 2020-03-03 Leia Inc. Color-scanning grating-based backlight and electronic display using same
US10703375B2 (en) 2015-05-30 2020-07-07 Leia Inc. Vehicle monitoring system
US11203346B2 (en) 2015-05-30 2021-12-21 Leia Inc. Vehicle monitoring system
CN107346040B (zh) * 2016-05-06 2019-12-20 深圳超多维科技有限公司 裸眼3d显示设备的光栅参数的确定方法、装置及电子设备
CN107346041A (zh) * 2016-05-06 2017-11-14 深圳超多维光电子有限公司 裸眼3d显示设备的光栅参数的确定方法、装置及电子设备
CN107346040A (zh) * 2016-05-06 2017-11-14 深圳超多维光电子有限公司 裸眼3d显示设备的光栅参数的确定方法、装置及电子设备
DE102017120648A1 (de) * 2017-09-07 2019-03-07 Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh 3D-Anzeigeelement, 3D-Anzeigesystem, Verfahren zum Betreiben eines 3D-Anzeigeelements und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines 3D-Anzeigesystems
US11202058B2 (en) 2017-09-07 2021-12-14 Osram Oled Gmbh 3D display element, 3D display system, method of operating a 3D display element and method of operating a 3D display system
DE102017120648B4 (de) 2017-09-07 2023-08-10 OSRAM Opto Semiconductors Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung 3D-Anzeigeelement, 3D-Anzeigesystem, Verfahren zum Betreiben eines 3D-Anzeigeelements und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines 3D-Anzeigesystems

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