[go: up one dir, main page]

WO2012067637A1 - Débitmètre de gaz à cordes doté de transducteurs installés en dehors de l'enveloppe sous pression, boîtier et procédé - Google Patents

Débitmètre de gaz à cordes doté de transducteurs installés en dehors de l'enveloppe sous pression, boîtier et procédé Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2012067637A1
WO2012067637A1 PCT/US2011/001854 US2011001854W WO2012067637A1 WO 2012067637 A1 WO2012067637 A1 WO 2012067637A1 US 2011001854 W US2011001854 W US 2011001854W WO 2012067637 A1 WO2012067637 A1 WO 2012067637A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
transducer
housing
channel
transducers
window
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2011/001854
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Emanuel J. Gottlieb
Donald R. Augenstein
William R. Freund, Jr.
Richard A. Zuckerman
Herbert Estrada
Calvin R. Hastings
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cameron International Corp
Original Assignee
Cameron International Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US12/927,616 external-priority patent/US8544343B2/en
Priority to EP25184471.8A priority Critical patent/EP4632333A1/fr
Priority to EP23169288.0A priority patent/EP4220099B1/fr
Priority to EP11841401.0A priority patent/EP2641064B1/fr
Priority to CA2818484A priority patent/CA2818484A1/fr
Priority to SG2013036421A priority patent/SG190790A1/en
Application filed by Cameron International Corp filed Critical Cameron International Corp
Priority to KR1020137014690A priority patent/KR20140035869A/ko
Priority to MX2013005662A priority patent/MX2013005662A/es
Priority to CN2011800655417A priority patent/CN103328935A/zh
Priority to BR112013012386A priority patent/BR112013012386A2/pt
Publication of WO2012067637A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012067637A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H5/00—Measuring propagation velocity of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. of pressure waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
    • G01F1/667—Arrangements of transducers for ultrasonic flowmeters; Circuits for operating ultrasonic flowmeters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
    • G01F1/662—Constructional details

Definitions

  • the present invention is related to a flowmeter that determines gas flow rates in a pipe by means of ultrasonic transducers that send and receive signals into and from the gas flow through a window made of a pressure containing material that is in acoustic communication with a channel in which the gas flows.
  • the present invention is related to a flowmeter that determines gas flow rates in a pipe with ultrasonic transducers that send and receive signals into and from the gas flow through a window made of a pressure containing material that is in acoustic communication with a channel in which the gas flows where the transducers are disposed in housings that acoustically isolate the transducers so as to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the received acoustic signal.
  • Ultrasound transducers are used to transmit and receive ultrasonic signals in a flowmeter system.
  • problems were solved by using the present invention, they are: The ability to remove or repair transducers from existing ultrasonic flow meters required either depressurizing the pipe gas line or the use of special tools for transducer replacement; transducers not in direct contact with the gas contained in the pipe usually have poor transducer performance resulting in poor signal detection for gas meters.
  • the current ultrasonic gas meters have their wetted transducers exposed to the gas which can contain hydrogen sulfide or other contaminants. Hydrogen sulfide can over time deteriorate transducers made of conventional solder joints and epoxies for electrical and mechanical connections within the transducer.
  • a metal seal is placed behind the transducer in order to maintain the pipe pressure and to prevent gas from leaking out. So if a transducer fails, the transducer has to be replaced using special tools that prevent the transducer from bursting out of the flowmeter at high speeds due to pipe gas pressure. This may be deadly to the replacer if the tools are improperly handled because the transducer becomes a projectile under pipe gas pressure.
  • the escaping gas is usually highly flammable, presenting an extreme hazard to the replacer and others nearby. If the gas pipeline/process is depressurized to replace transducers for safety reasons the pipeline flow ceases causing lost revenue.
  • Current gas meter transducers use either a monolithic PZT ceramic transducer or a Tonpilz transducer. These transducers suffer from poor bandwidth, poor signal to noise ratio and radial modes in the 100 to 300 kHz frequency range, the preferred ultrasonic operating frequency range for gas meters. As a result, the received signals can be very distorted.
  • the present invention pertains to a flowmeter for measurement of gas where accuracy and reliability are essential.
  • the flowmeter measures gas flow rates in a pipe having a channel disposed in the pipe through which gas in the pipe flows and plane waves generated by multiple upstream ultrasonic transducers and multiple downstream ultrasonic transducers propagate.
  • the arrangement of the transducers defines two crossing planes but may have more or fewer.
  • An important feature of this meter is that the transducer elements can be safely checked or replaced without special tools and without depressurizing the line because of housings which hold the transducer and contain the pipe pressure.
  • Figure 1 shows a flowmeter of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a flowmeter top section of two crossing planes (A and B).
  • Figure 3 shows a flowmeter cross section of along either Plane A or Plane B.
  • Figure 4 shows a gas meter arrangement
  • Figure 5 a shows a gas transducer
  • Figure 5b shows an exploded view of a gas transducer.
  • Figure 6 shows the transformer application.
  • Figure 7 shows a demonstration of transit time flow meter performance.
  • the flowmeter 10 for detecting gas flow rates in a pipe 12.
  • the flowmeter 10 comprises a container 1 1 configured to be attached to the pipe 12 having a channel 17 through which the gas flows, and a plurality of recesses 15 that extend through the container 1 1 and a plurality of housings 14.
  • Each recess 15 has a housing 14 which contains pressure in the channel 17.
  • Each housing 14 has a window 24 that is in acoustic communication with the channel 17.
  • the flowmeter 10 comprises a plurality of transducers 32, with one transducer 32 of the plurality of transducers 32 disposed in each recess 15.
  • the transducers 32 transmit ultrasonic signals into and receive ultrasonic signals from the channel 17 through the window 24 in the housing 14 in which a transducer 32 is disposed.
  • the flowmeter 10 comprises a controller 20 in electrical communication with the plurality of transducers 32 which determines the gas flow rate through the channel 17 by measuring transit times of signals transmitted by and received by the transducers 32.
  • the window 24 may have a thickness less than 1/4 wavelength of ultrasound in the window's material.
  • the window 24 thickness may be about 1/10 wavelength of ultrasound in the window's material.
  • One transducer 32 of the plurality of transducers 32 may be disposed in each housing 14 disposed in each recess 15.
  • the housing 14 may be a pressure boundary which contains the pressure in the channel 17 and essentially prevents gas in the channel 17 from escaping into the housing 14.
  • the housing 14 forms a gas tight seal with the channel 17.
  • the transducers 32 may be removed from the recesses 15 without having to depressurize the pipe 12 or having to use an extraction tool that removes the transducers 32 through a pressure containing component that would contain the pressure in the channel 17.
  • the ultrasonic signals transmitted and received by the transducers 32 may define a first path in a first plane and a second path in a second plane which paths cross in the channel 17.
  • the flowmeter 10 may include acoustic isolators 22 which acoustically isolate the transducer housings 14 from the container 1 1.
  • the transducer 32 may couple to the window 24.
  • the window 24 is made of metal or plastic.
  • the window 24 may be made of titanium, PEEK or PPS.
  • Each transducer 32 may be a broad band piezoelectric composite transducer 32 with a coupling coefficient greater than .7 out of 1 and an acoustic impedance of less than 34 Mrayls.
  • the present invention pertains to a housing 14, as shown in figure 4, for an ultrasonic transducer 32 for a flowmeter 10 which is inserted into a recess 15 of a container 1 1 through which gas flows.
  • the housing 14 comprises a shell 25 in which the transducer 32 is disposed.
  • the shell 25 has an outer surface and a flange 34 that extends from the outer surface of the shell 25 and a plurality of acoustic ribs 26 disposed in proximity to an end of the shell 25 from which signals are emitted by the transducer 32.
  • the shell improves the signal-to-noise ratio to greater than 100: 1 , the ribs attenuate all non-gas paths of sound by at least 25%.
  • the housing 14 may include an acoustic isolator 22 disposed about the housing
  • the acoustic isolator 22 may include discs disposed about the flange 34 of the housing 14.
  • the discs may be made of plastic, syntactic foam or rubber.
  • Impedance matching material may not be used on the exterior surface to improve transmission of signals from the transducer 32 into the gas, but uses a window 24 thickness less than 1 ⁇ 4 wave length, which makes the window 24 acoustically transparent. There may be no metal to metal contact between the housing 14 and the container 1 1.
  • the present invention pertains to a method for detecting gas flow rates in a pipe 12.
  • the method comprises the steps of transmitting ultrasonic signals from a plurality of transducers 32 disposed in recesses 15 in a container 1 1 attached to the pipe 12 through a window 24 made of metal of each recess 15 into a channel 17 of the container 1 1 in which the gas flows, with one transducer 32 of the plurality of transducers 32 disposed in each recess 15 and the window 24 in acoustic communication with the channel 17.
  • There is the step of determining the gas flow rate through the channel 17 by measuring transit times of the signals transmitted by and received by the transducers 32 with a controller 20 in electrical communication with the plurality of transducers 32.
  • the window 24 may be a pressure boundary which contains the pressure in the channel 17 and prevents gas in the channel 17 from escaping into the housing 14, the window 24 forming a gas tight seal with the housing 14, and there may be the step of replacing a transducer 32 without depressurizing the channel 17 or without using an extraction tool that removes a transducer 32 through a pressure containing component that would contain the pressure in the channel 17.
  • the transmitting step may include the step of transmitting ultrasonic signals by the transducers 32 along a first path in a first plane and a second path in a second plane which cross in the channel 17 and the receiving step may include the step of receiving ultrasonic signals by the transducers 32 from the first path and from the second path.
  • the transmitting step may include the steps of generating with an upstream ultrasonic transducer 32 of the first path plane waves that propagate through the channel 17 and are received by a downstream ultrasonic transducer 32 of the first path; producing a downstream transducer 18 signal with the downstream transducer 18 from the plane waves the downstream transducer 18 receives; generating with the downstream ultrasonic transducer of the first path plane waves that propagate through the channel 17 and are received by the upstream ultrasonic transducer of the first path; producing an upstream transducer 16 signal with the upstream transducer 16 from the plane waves the upstream transducer 16 receives; and determining with the controller 20 the gas flow rate from transit times of the signals generated and received by the upstream transducer 16 and downstream transducer 18.
  • the replacing step may include the step of replacing the transducer 32 without using an extraction tool that removes the transducer 32 through a pressure containing component that provides a gas tight, pressure-bearing enclosure, within which the transducer 32 can be unfastened from the container 1 1 and allowing the gas in the channel 17 to fill the enclosure without leaking into an external environment about the container 1 1.
  • the replacing step may include the step of replacing the transducer 32 without using a valve to seal the recess 15 from which the transducer 32 is removed thereby allowing the enclosure within the extraction tool to be vented.
  • the extraction tool performs the following functions:
  • the present invention pertains to a transducer 32, as shown in figure 5, for an ultrasonic flowmeter 10.
  • the transducer 32 comprises a case 58.
  • the transducer 32 comprises a broad band piezoelectric composite 50 disposed in the case 58 with a coupling coefficient greater than .7 out of 1 and an acoustic impedance of less than 34 Mrayls.
  • the transducer 32 may include a transformer 30 which matches the transducer's electrical impedance.
  • the housing 14 and transducer 32 described herein, as well as the overall technique described herein, may be applied directly to a pipe 12 where the recesses 15 are formed in the pipe 12 and the housings 14 with transducers 32 are inserted into the recesses 15 in the pipe 12 itself.
  • the flowmeter 10 is capable of measuring gas flow rates with ultrasonic transit time technology.
  • the application is specifically applied to natural gas metering.
  • a novel aspect of the flowmeter 10 is the transducer housing 14 which has a pressure containing window 24 less than 1/10 of a wavelength of the ultrasound of the window 24 material in thickness but nevertheless complies with the strength and tightness requirements imposed by the full pressure of the gas on its exterior.
  • the preferred window 24 is a titanium window 24.
  • the titanium window 24 is thin enough such that it is nearly acoustically transparent, it serves as a hermetic seal from the natural gas which may contain hydrogen sulfide or other contaminants, and it acts as a pressure barrier to the gas in the pipe 12.
  • a wavelength ( ⁇ ) of titanium at 200 kHz is 30.35 mm when the speed of sound in the material is 6070 m/s.
  • the titanium window 24 is laser welded to the titanium transducer housing 14. Laser welding is a low heat process compared to torch welding therefore there is no damage to the mechanical integrity of the ⁇ /10 thick (3 mm) titanium window 24 to the housing 14.
  • the window 24 serves to maintain the mechanical integrity of the transducer housing 14 by being a pressure barrier from the pressurized gas. Typical operation pressure ratings range from below 475 psi (ANSI 150) to 3,705 psi (ANSI 1500).
  • the operating temperatures range from -40 C to 100 C.
  • the gas flow meter has replaceable transducers 32 without having to depressurize the line.
  • All transducer housings 14 have acoustic ribs 26 which are spaced ⁇ /8 to ⁇ /4 apart to isolate and cancel the acoustic noise of the transducer housing 14 and breakup the transducer housing 14 resonance.
  • all transducer housings 14 are acoustically isolated from the meter body by acoustic isolators 22.
  • Special transducers 32 have been fabricated using composite piezoelectric technology.
  • the composite piezoelectric material has a k t of .75 and low Z of 17 MRayls. This enables broad band performance for an easily detectable leading edge for precise time measurements.
  • Each transducer 32 uses a 7: 1 impedance matching transformer 30 which improves signal strength by 17 dB.
  • This transducer arrangement coupled to a titanium window 24, ⁇ /10 is desired for performance of an ultrasonic gas meter that uses a window 24 as a pressure barrier greater than 3,705 psi.
  • a flowmeter 10 for detecting gas flow rates in a pipe 12 preferably includes multiple paths disposed in the pipe 12 through which gas in the pipe 12 flows.
  • the upstream transducer 16 is in contact with the titanium window 24 within the transducer housing 14 and positioned such that plane waves generated by the upstream transducer 16 propagates through the channel 17.
  • the downstream transducer 18 is acoustically isolated from the pipe 12 and positioned such that plane waves generated by the downstream transducer 18 propagate through the channel 17 and are received by the upstream transducer 16, which produces an upstream transducer 16 signal that is provided to a controller 20.
  • the downstream transducer 18 receives the plane waves from the upstream transducer 16, and provides a downstream transducer 18 signal that is provided to the controller 20.
  • the flowmeter 10 includes a signal processor, otherwise known as the controller 20, in communication with the upstream and downstream transducers 16, 18 which determines the gas flow rate through the channel 17 by measuring transit times of signals transmitted by and received by the transducers.
  • the flowmeter 10 comprises a channel 17 disposed in the pipe 12 through which gas in the pipe 12 flows.
  • the flowmeter 10 comprises multiple paths. Multiple upstream ultrasonic transducers 16 within transducer housings 14 acoustically isolated from the pipe 12 and positioned so plane waves generated by an upstream transducer 16 propagate through the channel 17. Each path comprises a downstream ultrasonic transducer 18, within a transducer housing 14 acoustically isolated from the pipe 12 and positioned so plane waves generated by the downstream transducer 18 propagate through the channel 17 and are received by the upstream transducer 16 which produces an upstream transducer 16 signal.
  • the downstream transducer 18 receives the plane waves from the upstream transducer 16 and provides a downstream transducer 18 signal.
  • the flowmeter 10 comprises a controller 20 in communication with the upstream and downstream transducers 16, 18 which determines the gas flow rate through the channel 17 by measuring transit times of signals transmitted by and received by the transducers.
  • the transducer housing 14 is preferably made of titanium which is corrosion resistant to natural gas contaminants such as hydrogen sulfide.
  • the upstream transducer 16 and the downstream transducer 18 are coupled to a window 24 within the transducer housing 14.
  • the transducer housings 14 are acoustically isolated by acoustic isolators 22 which contact the pipe 12.
  • the window 24 forms a seal with the transducer housing 14 preventing gas in the pipe 12 leaking into the transducer housing 14.
  • the window 24 which is inclusive of the transducer housing 14 is sealed via laser welding such that hydrogen sulfide cannot leak inside.
  • the transducer 32 couples to the acoustic window 24 using a couplant, preferably a silicone grease.
  • a spring assembly 28 applies pressure to the transducer 32 in order to couple the ultrasonic signal more effectively to the window 24.
  • a spacer 38 and compression nut 40 compress the spring assembly 28 such that at least 100 psi is applied to the transducer 32.
  • O- rings 42 are placed around the transducer housing 14 and a bushing 44 in order to create another gas tight seal between the transducer housing 14 and the pipe 12.
  • the bushing 44 provides mechanical support for the transducer housing 14 and positions the transducer housing 14 within the container 1 1.
  • the load nut 46 and lock nut 48 secure the transducer housing 14 to the container 1 1 by applying pressure to the acoustic isolators 22 and prevents the transducer housing 14 from being forced out of the container 1 1 under pipe pressure.
  • the container 1 1 with the channel 17 is an extension of the pipe 12 and for all intent and purpose in regard to this invention is considered a part of the pipe 12.
  • a transducer 32 consisting of a wearface 56, piezocomposite 50 and delay line 36 that is potted in a brass case 58 with a load cylinder 52 and a cap 54.
  • the wearface 56 is made of impedance matching material preferably of high purity alumina (A1 2 0 3 ) greater than 96% with a density of around 3.64 gm/cm , a hardness greater than 1000 Knoops and the thickness « ⁇ .
  • the piezocomposite 50 is a 1-3 composite material preferably made from PZT-5H and epoxy (Smart Material Inc., Sarasota, FL).
  • the volume fraction of PZT-5H is around 50% this produces a high coupling coefficient, k t of .75 out of 1. Having a high coupling coefficient is necessary because it improves the signal to noise ratio of the ultrasonic signal.
  • the acoustic impedance known as Z pv, where density p (kg/m ) and velocity v (m/s), is around 17 MRayls.
  • the delay line 36 serves two purposes: as a reflection delay line 36 and as an acoustic attenuator.
  • the delay line 36 is made of metal filings filled with epoxy of at a low volume fraction, typically 15%.
  • the delay line 36 is long enough such that the reflection is more than several wavelengths away from the piezoelectric element.
  • a typical speed of sound for the delay line 36 is 1277 m/s.
  • a wave length in a delay line 36 at 200 kHz is 6.3 mm.
  • a typical length of a delay line 36 for this application is thirty two mm. Therefore, once a signal is received by the transducer 32 it takes a reflection twice the time of a delay line 36 before the reflection is received as reverberation by the transducer 32. In this case the reflection occurs fifty microseconds later than the detectable signal.
  • Attenuation in the delay line 36 is typically, 2.29 dB/cm, so round trip attenuation of a reflected signal would be 14.65 dB.
  • a (+) wire 60 and a (-) wire 62 are soldered to silver foil which is bonded to the piezocomposite 50 using silver epoxy.
  • the entire transducer 32 is potted with non conductive epoxy in order to encapsulate and insulate all components.
  • a range of frequencies can be used, from 100 kHz to 500 kHz.
  • a broad band composite transducer 32 is preferred for metering gas. Unique to gas applications, when flow rate > 60 feet/second is present the acoustic wave is distorted by the flow and the wave front is received by a transducer 32. If a broad band composite transducer 32 is used instead of a typical narrow band monolithic PZT transducer or Tonpilz transducer there is less distortion of the received acoustic wave.
  • the upstream and downstream transit time signals are detected in order to make a flow measurement by the controller 20.
  • the composite transducer 32 has a rising edge of the received ultrasonic pulse that can be more accurately detected by the controller 20 thus calculating a more accurate transit time measurement.
  • An electrical transformer 30 is put in series with each transducer 32 to match the electrical impedance of the transducer 32 to that of the electronics and cables, Figure 6.
  • the electronics are represented by an AC voltage V in series with a transformer, Li, the first winding of the transformer and the impedance Z of a transducer is in series with the secondary winding of the transformer, L 2 .
  • the equivalent circuit is shown when the electronics, V, are directly in series with the impedance Z of the transducer and the impedance is reduced by the number of turns squared, N 2 .
  • the electrical impedance of each transducer 32 (4900 ⁇ ) is reduced N 2 by 49 to 100 ⁇ in order to match to the 100 ⁇ transmit and receive electronics.
  • Each transducer 32 is spring loaded by the spring assembly 28 inside the transducer housing 14 in order for the wearface 56 to make sufficient mechanical contact to the window 24. Grease is used for acoustic coupling of the transducer 32 to the window 24.
  • the transducer housing 14 has acoustic ribs 26, acoustic isolators 22, and a window 24.
  • the acoustic ribs 26 are spaced ⁇ /4 to ⁇ /8 apart in order to cancel acoustic noise.
  • a low amplitude acoustic wave either longitudinal or shear propagates along the transducer housing 14. The wave propagates according to the wave equation:
  • the acoustic isolators 22 are preferably made of Polyether Ether Ketone
  • the window 24 is less than wavelength thick such that it becomes virtually acoustically transparent at operating frequencies.
  • transmission line theory the acoustic impedance of material becomes closer to that acoustic impedance the thinner it becomes.
  • the thickness of the titanium window / is ⁇ 10 of titanium, the acoustic energy transmits through the window 24 into gas without signal distortion.
  • the equation for transmission line theory is:
  • Z-n Acoustic Impedance of Titanium
  • Z w Acoustic Impedance of the window 24 of thickness /
  • ⁇ C Ti /f : Wavelength in Titanium
  • titanium has lower acoustic impedance than steel (typical material of gas pipes), it is the best metal to use acoustically that is resistant to hydrogen sulfide and other contaminants.
  • the ultrasonic flow meter arrangement 10 uses multiple transducers 32 each within a transducer housing 14, there are multiple chordal paths distributed in spacing according to numerical integration rules in order to accurately sample the velocity profile in a pipe 12.
  • a path consists of one transducer 32 upstream from the gas flow and another is downstream from the gas flow, both transducers 32 transmit and receive signals. The difference in transit times between the upstream and downstream signal is used to calculate a velocity per path.
  • the path velocities are integrated by the controller 20 to calculate a flow rate.
  • the upstream and downstream transit times need to be measured via a controller 20.
  • the controller 20 computes the transit time differences between the upstream and downstream transit times per path length.
  • the ⁇ axiai ⁇ c ord product is exactly the line integral of V ⁇ i dy at a chord location.
  • the V axial L chord product is calculated for each location xi, x 2 , x 3 , x 4 in Figure 3, effectively dividing the pipe 12 cross-section into four segments per plane.
  • the effective width of each segment is a fraction of the internal diameter, D, measured along the x axis.
  • Either Legendre or Jacobian/Chebychev spacing or weighting are used for chordal flowmeters, the path locations y, and weighting factors w were not chosen arbitrarily but comply with numerical integration rules.
  • the spacing is measured from the center of the pipe 12, the spacing y 1? y 2 , - yi, -y 2 is shown in Table 1 along with the weighting factors.
  • the length of each chord is known either by calculation or measurement.
  • a 24 inch diameter (21.56" ID) ultrasonic gas flowmeter 10 with eight paths was fabricated as described in this invention and calibrated to a known standard at the CEESI gas calibration facility in Iowa. Results show ( Figure 5) the percent error as function of a range of velocities from 2 ft/s to 100 ft/s. Native linearity (that is; the 24 inch meter linearity without correction) was determined to be only +/- 0.175%.
  • the pipe 12 is fabricated from carbon steel in accordance ASME B31.3 Process Piping Code.
  • the controller 20 is designed in compliance to UL/cUL Class 1, Division 1 , Groups C & D.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un débitmètre comprenant un contenant destiné à être fixé à un tuyau possédant un canal d'écoulement de gaz, et une pluralité de renfoncements qui s'étendent à travers le contenant et une pluralité de boîtiers. Chaque renfoncement possède un boîtier qui contient la pression dans le canal. Chaque boîtier possède une fenêtre qui est en communication acoustique avec le canal. Le débitmètre comprend une pluralité de transducteurs, un transducteur étant disposé dans chaque renfoncement. Les transducteurs émettent des signaux ultrasonores dans le canal et en reçoivent depuis celui-ci à travers la fenêtre du boîtier dans lequel est disposé un transducteur. Le débitmètre comprend un organe de commande en communication électrique avec les transducteurs, qui détermine le débit de gaz à travers le canal par la mesure des temps de transit des signaux émis par les transducteurs et reçus par ceux-ci.
PCT/US2011/001854 2010-11-19 2011-11-02 Débitmètre de gaz à cordes doté de transducteurs installés en dehors de l'enveloppe sous pression, boîtier et procédé Ceased WO2012067637A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BR112013012386A BR112013012386A2 (pt) 2010-11-19 2011-11-02 medidor de vazão de gás cordal com transdutores instalados do lado de fora do limite de pressão, alojamento e método"
EP23169288.0A EP4220099B1 (fr) 2010-11-19 2011-11-02 Débitmètre à gaz à cordes avec transducteurs installés à l'extérieur de la limite de pression et procédé
EP11841401.0A EP2641064B1 (fr) 2010-11-19 2011-11-02 Débitmètre de gaz à cordes doté de transducteurs installés en dehors de l'enveloppe sous pression et procédé
CA2818484A CA2818484A1 (fr) 2010-11-19 2011-11-02 Debitmetre de gaz a cordes dote de transducteurs installes en dehors de l'enveloppe sous pression, boitier et procede
SG2013036421A SG190790A1 (en) 2010-11-19 2011-11-02 Chordal gas flowmeter with transducers installed outside the pressure boundary, housing and method
EP25184471.8A EP4632333A1 (fr) 2010-11-19 2011-11-02 Débitmètre de gaz à cordes doté de transducteurs installés en dehors de l'enveloppe sous pression et procédé
KR1020137014690A KR20140035869A (ko) 2010-11-19 2011-11-02 압력 경계 밖에 설치된 트랜스듀서를 갖춘 현모양의 가스 유량계, 하우징 및 방법
MX2013005662A MX2013005662A (es) 2010-11-19 2011-11-02 Caudalimetro de gas cordal con traductores instalados fuera del limite de presion, alojamiento y metodo.
CN2011800655417A CN103328935A (zh) 2010-11-19 2011-11-02 具有安装在压力边界外的换能器的弦气体流量计，其外壳以及实施方法

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/927,616 2010-11-19
US12/927,616 US8544343B2 (en) 2010-11-19 2010-11-19 Chordal gas flowmeter with transducers installed outside the pressure boundary
US13/068,772 US8534138B2 (en) 2010-11-19 2011-05-19 Chordal gas flowmeter with transducers installed outside the pressure boundary, housing and method
US13/068,772 2011-05-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012067637A1 true WO2012067637A1 (fr) 2012-05-24

Family

ID=46063070

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2011/001854 Ceased WO2012067637A1 (fr) 2010-11-19 2011-11-02 Débitmètre de gaz à cordes doté de transducteurs installés en dehors de l'enveloppe sous pression, boîtier et procédé

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US8534138B2 (fr)
EP (3) EP4220099B1 (fr)
KR (1) KR20140035869A (fr)
CN (1) CN103328935A (fr)
BR (1) BR112013012386A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2818484A1 (fr)
MX (1) MX2013005662A (fr)
SG (1) SG190790A1 (fr)
TW (1) TW201237372A (fr)
WO (1) WO2012067637A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3715797A3 (fr) * 2019-03-29 2021-01-20 Krohne AG Débitmètre à ultrasons, procédé de fonctionnement d'un débitmètre à ultrasons, ensemble de mesure et procédé de fonctionnement d'un ensemble de mesure

Families Citing this family (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2522125C2 (ru) * 2010-03-25 2014-07-10 ДЭНИЭЛ МЕЖЕМЕНТ энд КОНТРОЛ, ИНК. Ультразвуковой расходомер с дренажной системой для отведения жидкости
US8534138B2 (en) 2010-11-19 2013-09-17 Cameron International Corporation Chordal gas flowmeter with transducers installed outside the pressure boundary, housing and method
US8544343B2 (en) * 2010-11-19 2013-10-01 Cameron International Corporation Chordal gas flowmeter with transducers installed outside the pressure boundary
USD669379S1 (en) * 2011-10-24 2012-10-23 General Electric Company Flow cell for a flow meter
USD689784S1 (en) * 2012-06-15 2013-09-17 General Electric Company Flow cell for a flow meter
IN2015DN00394A (fr) * 2012-07-18 2015-06-19 Daniel Measurement & Control
EP2762842B1 (fr) * 2013-01-28 2024-02-14 Krohne AG Transducteur d'ultrasons pour un debitmetre a ultrasons
EP2759809B1 (fr) * 2013-01-28 2020-02-12 Krohne AG Transducteur à ultrasons
USD705102S1 (en) * 2013-04-17 2014-05-20 General Electric Company Flow cell for a flow meter
US9711709B2 (en) * 2013-08-08 2017-07-18 General Electric Company Transducer systems
DE102013109349A1 (de) * 2013-08-29 2015-03-05 Endress + Hauser Flowtec Ag Ultraschallwandler und Ultraschall-Durchflussmessgerät
JP2015064209A (ja) * 2013-09-24 2015-04-09 Smc株式会社 超音波流量計
US9506789B2 (en) * 2014-04-27 2016-11-29 Cameron International Corporation Acoustically isolated ultrasonic transducer housing and flow meter
US10072963B1 (en) * 2014-07-11 2018-09-11 Nick V. Solokhin Ultrasonic volume-sensing transducer instrument with concave transceiver element
US9506790B2 (en) * 2015-03-24 2016-11-29 Daniel Measurement And Control, Inc. Transducer mini-horn array for ultrasonic flow meter
US20170074698A1 (en) * 2015-09-16 2017-03-16 Honeywell International Inc. Ultrasonic meter for measuring gas at smaller dimensions
US10571430B2 (en) * 2016-03-14 2020-02-25 Veeco Instruments Inc. Gas concentration sensors and systems
US10632499B2 (en) * 2016-12-09 2020-04-28 Sensus USA, Inc. Thickness mode transducers and related devices and methods
JP6747994B2 (ja) * 2017-01-26 2020-08-26 株式会社キーエンス 超音波流量センサ及びその取付方法
DE102017110308A1 (de) * 2017-05-12 2018-11-15 Krohne Ag Ultraschalldurchflussmessgerät
CN111896770A (zh) * 2020-07-16 2020-11-06 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0七研究所九江分部 一种适用于压差原理测量流速的处理电路
WO2023274557A1 (fr) * 2021-07-02 2023-01-05 SONOTEC GmbH Cellule de mesure à ultrasons et procédé de mesure du débit volumique d'un liquide dans un tube

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5515733A (en) 1991-03-18 1996-05-14 Panametrics, Inc. Ultrasonic transducer system with crosstalk isolation
US20070062254A1 (en) * 2003-01-21 2007-03-22 Gysling Daniel L Measurement of entrained and dissolved gases in process flow lines

Family Cites Families (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3727458A (en) * 1969-12-12 1973-04-17 British Coal Utilisation Res A Measurement of rates of flow of gases
US4024760A (en) 1975-07-25 1977-05-24 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Fluid flow measurement apparatus
US4014211A (en) * 1975-10-21 1977-03-29 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Ultrasonic flow meter
US4103551A (en) 1977-01-31 1978-08-01 Panametrics, Inc. Ultrasonic measuring system for differing flow conditions
US5179862A (en) 1990-06-29 1993-01-19 Panametrics, Inc. Snap-on flow measurement system
JPH11507723A (ja) 1995-06-07 1999-07-06 パナメトリクス インコーポレイテッド 超音波行路バンドル及びシステム
US6343511B1 (en) 1995-06-07 2002-02-05 Panametrics, Inc. Ultrasonic path bundle and systems
US6325978B1 (en) 1998-08-04 2001-12-04 Ntc Technology Inc. Oxygen monitoring and apparatus
US6116080A (en) 1998-04-17 2000-09-12 Lorex Industries, Inc. Apparatus and methods for performing acoustical measurements
US6354146B1 (en) 1999-06-17 2002-03-12 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Acoustic transducer system for monitoring well production
AT6511U3 (de) * 2003-07-16 2004-09-27 Avl List Gmbh Ultraschall-gasdurchflusssensor sowie vorrichtung zur messung von abgas-strömungen von verbrennungskraftmaschinen sowie ein verfahren zur ermittlung des durchflusses von gasen
US7152490B1 (en) 2005-08-15 2006-12-26 Daniel Measurement And Control, Inc. Methods for determining transducer delay time and transducer separation in ultrasonic flow meters
CN101004353A (zh) * 2007-01-16 2007-07-25 中国计量学院 一种用于超声波流量计时差交叉检测方法
US7628081B1 (en) 2007-03-05 2009-12-08 Murray F Feller Acoustic pulse flow meter
HUP0700785A2 (en) 2007-12-05 2009-06-29 Thormed Kft Method and apparatus for determining the flow parameters of a streaming medium
US7911306B2 (en) 2008-01-08 2011-03-22 Daniel Measurement And Control, Inc. Transformer board
US7958786B2 (en) * 2008-07-17 2011-06-14 Pacesetter, Inc. Flow measurement system and method using enhanced phase difference detection
US8186229B2 (en) 2010-01-06 2012-05-29 Daniel Measurement And Control, Inc. Ultrasonic flow meter having a port cover assembly
US8132469B2 (en) 2010-01-06 2012-03-13 Daniel Measurement And Control, Inc. Ultrasonic flow meter with transducer assembly having a rotatable receptacle and elbow connector
US8534138B2 (en) 2010-11-19 2013-09-17 Cameron International Corporation Chordal gas flowmeter with transducers installed outside the pressure boundary, housing and method

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5515733A (en) 1991-03-18 1996-05-14 Panametrics, Inc. Ultrasonic transducer system with crosstalk isolation
US20070062254A1 (en) * 2003-01-21 2007-03-22 Gysling Daniel L Measurement of entrained and dissolved gases in process flow lines

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP2641064A4

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3715797A3 (fr) * 2019-03-29 2021-01-20 Krohne AG Débitmètre à ultrasons, procédé de fonctionnement d'un débitmètre à ultrasons, ensemble de mesure et procédé de fonctionnement d'un ensemble de mesure

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP4220099A1 (fr) 2023-08-02
CA2818484A1 (fr) 2012-05-24
EP4632333A1 (fr) 2025-10-15
EP2641064A1 (fr) 2013-09-25
CN103328935A (zh) 2013-09-25
EP2641064A4 (fr) 2014-12-03
US8534138B2 (en) 2013-09-17
EP4220099B1 (fr) 2025-07-09
BR112013012386A2 (pt) 2016-08-30
TW201237372A (en) 2012-09-16
EP2641064B1 (fr) 2023-04-26
KR20140035869A (ko) 2014-03-24
US20120125122A1 (en) 2012-05-24
SG190790A1 (en) 2013-07-31
MX2013005662A (es) 2013-12-06

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US10352744B2 (en) Chordal gas flow meter with transducers installed outside the pressure boundary
US8534138B2 (en) Chordal gas flowmeter with transducers installed outside the pressure boundary, housing and method
EP2521898B1 (fr) Débitmètre ultrasonore, assemblage formant transducteur et procédés de fabrication de ceux-ci
CN102426037B (zh) 超声换能器装置
EP3087352B1 (fr) Appareil détecteur
RU2509983C2 (ru) Преобразователь и способ его изготовления, ультразвуковой расходомер и способ измерения характеристик текучей среды
CN112912698B (zh) 具有透镜组合的超声流量计
WO1992000507A1 (fr) Systeme de mesure d'ecoulement ameliore
CA2899764C (fr) Procede et systeme d'ensemble transducteur de debitmetre a ultrasons
US20130192386A1 (en) Ultrasonic transducer for a flow measuring device
MX2011010805A (es) Transductor que tiene una conexion electrica robusta a un crystal piezoelectrico.
CN104359516A (zh) 全钛合金封装超声波气液两用流量传感器
Liu et al. Ultrasonic transducers for measuring air flow near one bar and high-temperature fluid flows up to 100 bar

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 11841401

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2818484

Country of ref document: CA

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: MX/A/2013/005662

Country of ref document: MX

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 20137014690

Country of ref document: KR

Kind code of ref document: A

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2011841401

Country of ref document: EP

REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: BR

Ref legal event code: B01A

Ref document number: 112013012386

Country of ref document: BR

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 112013012386

Country of ref document: BR

Kind code of ref document: A2

Effective date: 20130517