WO2012066962A1 - Applied battery and emergency power supply device - Google Patents

Abstract

This applied to battery comprises a housing and a plurality of cells provided inside the housing, and the constitution is such that during use operation occurs by pouring water into the housing. Each of a plurality of cells comprises: carbonized cloth constituting a positive electrode; a positive electrode extracting electrode electrically connected to the carbonized cloth; a salt-containing cloth provided so as to adhere to the carbonized cloth; a hydrophilic paper sheet provided so as to adhere to the salt-containing cloth; a metal plate provided so as to adhere to the paper sheet, constituting a negative electrode, and formed by a material with a higher ionization tendency than the positive electrode; negative electrode extracting electrodes electrically connected to the metal plate; and a compression cover member that attaches the carbonized cloth, positive electrode extracting electrode, salt-containing cloth, paper sheet, metal plate, and negative electrode extracting electrode to each other by pressure. The salt-containing cloth is constituted of a cloth with a plurality of layers of woven cotton cloth impregnated by salt.

Description

Applied battery and emergency power supply

The present invention relates to an application battery that uses different types of electrodes with different ionization tendencies for a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and uses a liquid such as water or salt water as an electrolyte, and an emergency power supply apparatus using the application battery.

Water batteries and seawater batteries that obtain electromotive force by immersing dissimilar electrodes with different ionization tendencies in water or seawater have been well known in the past, and in order to obtain higher performance in this type of water battery or seawater battery. Many proposals have also been made.

For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a seawater battery configured to collect and discharge gas discharged from each cell in one place in order to eliminate accumulation of insoluble products and obtain stable discharge characteristics. Yes.

Patent Document 2 discloses a seawater battery using a porous plate as a separator and a corrugated silver chloride positive plate in order to maintain a constant distance between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, thereby obtaining a high-performance and economical battery. ing.

Patent Document 3 discloses a seawater battery in which, in order to obtain higher output, the silver chloride positive electrode is provided with uneven portions in parallel with the flow direction of seawater, and each of the individual small spacers is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. Has been.

Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 48-04170 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 50-035629 JP 61-055869 A

However, according to the conventional seawater battery, a large amount of seawater is required as an electrolyte, and since it is necessary to immerse the positive electrode and the negative electrode in the seawater stored inside, it is difficult to handle and handle, and can be easily carried, Could not be activated. Moreover, long-term storage was difficult.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an applied battery that is easy to carry and operate and an emergency power supply device using the applied battery.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an applied battery that can be stored for a long period of time and can be used as an emergency power supply, and an emergency power supply using the applied battery.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide an applied battery having very excellent voltage and current characteristics during initial and long-term use, and an emergency power supply device using the applied battery.

According to the present invention, there is provided an application battery that includes a housing and a plurality of cells provided in the housing, and operates by pouring water into the housing during use, and each of the plurality of cells has a positive electrode. A carbonized cloth to be configured; a positive electrode lead electrode electrically connected to the carbonized cloth; a salt-containing cloth provided in close contact with the carbonized cloth; and a water absorption provided in close contact with the salt-containing cloth. A metal sheet formed of a material having a higher ionization tendency than that of the positive electrode, and a negative electrode lead electrode electrically connected to the metal sheet. And a shrinkable cover member that crimps the carbonized cloth, the positive electrode lead electrode, the salt-containing cloth, the paper sheet, the metal plate, and the negative electrode lead electrode to each other. The salt-containing cloth impregnates a multi-layer woven cotton cloth with salt. Made of cloth The battery is provided.

In a state where the applied battery is not operated, liquid such as fresh water, salt water or seawater is not introduced into the housing, and therefore, there is no liquid inside, so it is very easy to carry and store. In addition, since a reaction hardly occurs unless a liquid is injected, long-term storage is possible. When operating the application battery, when a small amount of liquid such as tap water is injected into the housing, the liquid slightly accumulated at the bottom of the housing is transferred to the paper sheet having water absorption, and the entire salt-containing cloth is wetted. The salt contained in the cloth is eluted in the liquid, so that the salt-containing cloth and the paper sheet function as an electrolyte medium between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. As a result, a discharge reaction due to hydrogen ions occurs in the vicinity of the negative electrode. On the other hand, in the positive electrode of the carbonized cloth, electrons do not react with hydrogen ions, and electrons try to move from the negative electrode to the positive electrode, generating an electromotive force. In this way, the salt-containing cloth is provided in close contact with the carbonized cloth, the paper sheet having water absorption is provided in close contact with the salt-containing cloth, and the metal formed on the paper sheet with a material having a high ionization tendency. Since the plates are provided in close contact with each other, a small amount of liquid can be operated as a battery only by contacting a paper sheet. Further, since the carbonized cloth, the positive electrode lead electrode, the salt-containing cloth, the paper sheet, the metal plate, and the negative electrode lead electrode are pressure-bonded to each other by the shrinkable cover member, the distance between the negative electrode and the positive electrode can be kept substantially constant. . Furthermore, the attachment of the shrink cover member enables the electrical connection between the carbonized cloth and the positive electrode lead electrode and the electrical connection between the metal plate and the negative electrode lead electrode, and this connection operation can be performed only by attaching the shrink cover member. Since it can be carried out reliably, the work process becomes very easy and the manufacturing cost is also low. In particular, according to the present invention, as the salt-containing cloth, a single cloth having a multi-layered woven cotton cloth having two or more layers containing salt is used, so that the initial voltage and the initial current are significantly increased. In addition, the decrease in voltage and current after elapse of time is very small.

The carbonized cloth is a carbonized cloth of a woven cloth, a knitted cloth, a woven or knitted cloth or a nonwoven cloth obtained by heating carbonization of a raw fiber body made of a woven fabric, a knitted cloth, a woven or knitted cloth or a nonwoven fabric made of cellulosic fibers. It is preferable. Thus, by using a special carbonized cloth as the carbonized cloth, both the initial voltage and the initial current can be significantly increased, and both the decrease in voltage and current after the lapse of time can be reduced. .

It is preferable that the salt-containing concentration of the salt-containing cloth is 5% or more. In a salt-containing fabric using a multi-layer woven cotton fabric, good voltage and current characteristics can be obtained if the salt-containing concentration is 5% or more.

The salt-containing cloth is provided in close contact with the periphery of the carbonized cloth, and the paper sheet is provided in close contact with the periphery of the salt-containing cloth, and a pair of metal plates are in close contact with the paper sheet interposed therebetween. It is preferable to be provided. Thereby, two battery structures can be comprised with a single cell.

In this case, each of the plurality of cells further includes a positive electrode support plate, the positive electrode extraction electrode is fixed to the positive electrode support plate, and the carbonized cloth adheres to the periphery of the positive electrode support plate to which the positive electrode extraction electrode is fixed. More preferably, it is provided.

It is also preferable that the metal plate is a flat plate formed of a magnesium material.

Each of the plurality of cells includes a positive electrode lead wire electrically connected to the positive electrode lead electrode and a negative electrode lead wire electrically connected to the negative electrode lead electrode, and the positive electrode lead wire and the negative electrode lead wire are connected in series. It is also preferable that a pair of external lead wires are configured by being connected in parallel. By connecting a plurality of cells in series and / or in parallel, an applied battery having a desired voltage and current capacity can be obtained.

The housing is configured in a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and at least one side surface thereof is fitted with at least one convex protrusion and / or concave protrusion provided on at least one side surface of the other housing, and these housings are connected to each other. It is also preferable to have at least one concave protrusion and / or convex protrusion. Since a plurality of housings can be freely combined and integrated, an applied battery having a desired voltage and current capacity can be obtained as a whole.

It is further provided with a water injection hole provided in the housing, and a moving mechanism capable of holding a plurality of cells in a lower position when preparing for operation and holding a plurality of cells in an upper position when operating. preferable. In this case, it is more preferable to further include an external lead lead wire outlet formed in the housing.

It is also preferable to further include a water injection pipe having a tip projecting from the housing and an external lead-out lead wire outlet formed in the housing.

Further, according to the present invention, a plurality of the above-described applied batteries are arranged in parallel, and a plurality of water is disposed in which the tips of the plurality of water injection pipes of the plurality of applied batteries are respectively engaged in the plurality of discharge ports. There is provided an emergency power supply apparatus including a tank and a pressing member that simultaneously presses down a plurality of water tanks and allows a closing film formed in advance in a plurality of discharge ports to be broken by a tip of a water injection pipe.

Since liquids from a plurality of water tanks can be simultaneously injected into a plurality of applied batteries simply by pressing down the pressing member, the emergency power supply device can be easily and quickly operated in an emergency.

It is preferable to further include a push-down preventing member that can be removed and that prevents the plurality of water tanks from being pushed down. By providing such a push-down preventing member, it is possible to prevent inconvenience that the emergency power supply device is erroneously operated.

According to the present invention, a salt-containing cloth is provided in close contact with the carbonized cloth, a paper sheet having water absorption is provided in close contact with the salt-containing cloth, and the paper sheet is formed of a material having a high ionization tendency. In addition, since the metal plate is provided in close contact, the battery can be operated only by a small amount of liquid coming into contact with the paper sheet. Further, since the carbonized cloth, the positive electrode lead electrode, the salt-containing cloth, the paper sheet, the metal plate, and the negative electrode lead electrode are pressure-bonded to each other by the shrinkable cover member, the distance between the negative electrode and the positive electrode can be kept substantially constant. . Furthermore, the attachment of the shrink cover member enables the electrical connection between the carbonized cloth and the positive electrode lead electrode and the electrical connection between the metal plate and the negative electrode lead electrode, and this connection operation can be performed only by attaching the shrink cover member. Since it can be carried out reliably, the work process becomes very easy and the manufacturing cost is also low. As the salt-containing cloth, a single cloth having two or more layers of woven cotton cloth containing salt is used, so that the initial voltage and the initial current are significantly increased. In addition, the decrease in voltage and current after elapse of time is very small.

It is a perspective view which shows typically the basic composition of each cell in one Embodiment of the applied battery of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows in detail the specific structure of the cell in the embodiment of FIG. It is a characteristic view showing the relationship between the electrode area in each cell, a voltage, and an electric current. It is a characteristic view showing the relationship between the number of electrodes and voltage and current in each cell. It is a perspective view which shows the external appearance of the applied battery in embodiment of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the some cell accommodated inside the application battery in embodiment of FIG. 1, and a connection state. It is a wiring diagram explaining the connection state of FIG. It is the characteristic view which measured the relationship of the initial voltage with respect to salt containing density | concentration at the time of using 1 layer woven cotton cloth, 2 layer woven cotton cloth, and 3 layer woven cotton cloth. It is the characteristic view which measured the relationship of the initial current with respect to salt containing density | concentration at the time of using 1 layer woven cotton cloth, 2 layer woven cotton cloth, and 3 layer woven cotton cloth. It is the characteristic view which measured the relationship of the voltage with respect to the leaving time in case salt concentration contains 10% using 1 layer woven cotton cloth, 2 layer woven cotton cloth, and 3 layer woven cotton cloth. It is the characteristic view which measured the relationship of the voltage with respect to the leaving time in case a salt containing density | concentration is 20% using 1 layer woven cotton cloth and 2 layer woven cotton cloth. It is the characteristic view which measured the relationship of the electric current with respect to the leaving time in case salt concentration is 10% using 1 layer woven cotton cloth, 2 layer woven cotton cloth, and 3 layer woven cotton cloth. It is the characteristic view which measured the relationship of the electric current with respect to the leaving time in case a salt containing density | concentration is 20% using 1 layer woven cotton cloth and 2 layer woven cotton cloth. It is the characteristic view which measured the relationship of the voltage with respect to the rise time at the time of using salt containing cotton cloth and salt non-containing cotton cloth. It is the characteristic view which measured the relationship of the electric current with respect to the rise time at the time of using a salt containing cotton cloth and a salt non-containing cotton cloth. It is the characteristic view which measured the relationship of the voltage with respect to the leaving time at the time of using salt containing cotton cloth and salt non-containing cotton cloth. It is the characteristic view which measured the relationship of the electric current with respect to the leaving time at the time of using salt containing cotton cloth and salt non-containing cotton cloth. It is the characteristic view which measured the relationship of the initial voltage with respect to salt containing density | concentration at the time of using this invention and a commercially available carbonization cloth. It is the characteristic view which measured the relationship of the initial current with respect to salt containing density | concentration at the time of using this invention and a commercially available carbonization cloth. It is the characteristic view which measured the relationship of the voltage with respect to standing time when salt content concentration is 10% using this invention and the commercially available carbonization cloth. It is the characteristic view which measured the relationship of the voltage with respect to standing time when salt content concentration is 20% using this invention and the commercially available carbonization cloth. It is the characteristic view which measured the relationship of the electric current with respect to the leaving time in case salt concentration is 10% using this invention and the commercially available carbonization cloth. It is the characteristic view which measured the relationship of the electric current with respect to the leaving time in case a salt containing density | concentration is 20% using this invention and a commercially available carbonization cloth. It is a top view explaining the change aspect of a housing. It is a top view explaining the other change mode of a housing. It is a perspective view showing roughly the whole composition of one embodiment of the emergency power unit of the present invention. It is a disassembled perspective view of the emergency power supply device in embodiment of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the state which accommodated the emergency power supply device in embodiment of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows roughly the external appearance of the housing in other embodiment of the applied battery of this invention. FIG. 30 is a perspective view schematically showing an internal configuration of the housing when the cell unit of the applied battery in the embodiment of FIG. 29 is in an inoperative state. FIG. 30 is a perspective view schematically showing the internal configuration of the housing when the cell unit of the applied battery in the embodiment of FIG. 29 is in an operation ready state. FIG. 30 is a perspective view schematically showing the internal configuration of the housing when the cell unit of the applied battery in the embodiment of FIG. 29 is in an operating state. It is a perspective view which shows roughly the structure which looked at the cell unit of the application battery in embodiment of FIG. 29 from the side surface.

FIG. 1 schematically shows a basic laminated structure of each cell in an embodiment of an applied battery of the present invention, and FIG. 2 shows a detailed structure of the cell in the embodiment of FIG. 2A to 2F show the structure on the center side and the structure on the outer peripheral side, respectively.

In these drawings, 10 indicates a single cell of the applied battery, 11 indicates a positive electrode support plate located at the center of the laminated structure, and 12 indicates a positive electrode lead electrode fixed to the positive electrode support plate 11. The positive electrode support plate 11 is a flat plate made of an insulating material such as plastic, and the positive electrode lead electrode 12 is a flat plate made of a conductive metal material such as copper bonded to one or both surfaces of the flat plate.

As shown in FIG. 2 (A), one end of a positive electrode lead wire 13 is electrically connected to the positive electrode lead electrode 12 by soldering.

The carbonized cloth 14 constituting the positive electrode is laminated in close contact with the positive electrode support plate 11 to which the positive electrode extraction electrode 12 is fixed. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 2 (B), the carbonized cloth 14 is closely attached to the positive electrode support plate 11 and is wound around the vertical direction thereof. The carbonized cloth 14 used in this embodiment is a woven cloth, a knitted cloth, a woven or knitted cloth or a non-woven cloth made of cellulosic fiber yarns, and a woven cloth, a knitted cloth formed by heating carbonization thereof, A woven or knitted fabric or non-woven fabric, provided by Shin Nippon Tex Co., Ltd. This carbonized cloth 14 is not woven from rigid carbon fibers, but the cellulose fiber yarn itself, which is the starting material before carbonization firing, is soft and has a free direction. It has a very good electrical conductivity, dielectric properties, thermal conductivity and compressive strength not only in the plane direction but also in the thickness direction because it is sufficiently blended in the thickness direction. .

The salt-containing cloth 15 is laminated in close contact with the carbonized cloth 14 constituting the positive electrode. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 2 (C), the salt-containing cloth 15 is closely attached to the carbonized cloth 14 and is wound around the vertical direction thereof. In this embodiment, the salt-containing cloth 15 is configured by impregnating a degreased cloth with saturated saline and drying, and when it is wet, the salt is eluted and functions as an electrolyte medium. In particular, in the present embodiment, the salt-containing cloth 15 is composed of a single cloth containing two or more layers of woven cotton cloth containing salt, as will be described later.

The salt-containing cloth 15 is laminated with a paper sheet 16 having water absorption. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 2 (D), the paper sheet 16 is closely attached to the salt-containing cloth 15 and is wound around its lateral direction. This paper sheet 16 is a paper sheet made of natural pulp having a density of 1% or less, and the liquid that has been poured and slightly accumulated at the bottom of the housing is sucked up by capillary action to wet the entire salt-containing cloth 15, and the cloth The salt-containing cloth 15 and the paper sheet 16 function as an electrolyte medium between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, as will be described later.

The metal sheet 17 made of magnesium material constituting the negative electrode is laminated on the paper sheet 16 in close contact. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 2 (E), a pair of tabular metal plates 17 made of magnesium material are stacked in close contact with each other on both sides of a paper sheet 16.

As the metal plate 17, various materials such as aluminum and lithium can be used in addition to magnesium as long as the material has a higher ionization tendency than the carbonized cloth 14 as the positive electrode. Moreover, the shape is not limited to a flat plate. Furthermore, only one sheet of the paper sheet 16 may be adhered and laminated.

A negative electrode 18 is attached to each metal plate 17. In the present embodiment, as the negative electrode extraction electrode 18, for example, a rivet made of a conductive material such as copper is inserted into the metal plate 17 and fixed. As shown in FIG. 2E, one end of a negative electrode lead wire 19 is electrically connected to each negative electrode lead electrode 18 by soldering.

Although not shown in FIG. 2 (E), the positive electrode support plate 11, the positive electrode extraction electrode 12, the carbonized cloth 14, the salt-containing cloth 15, the paper sheet 16, the pair of metal plates 17 and the negative electrode extraction electrode described above. The laminated body which laminated | stacked 18 mutually is temporarily fixed with a tape. Thereafter, the temporarily-bonded laminate is inserted into the heat-shrinkable tube and heated to shrink the heat-shrinkable tube.

As a result, as shown in FIG. 2 (F), the cell 10 is obtained in which the entire temporarily bonded laminate is firmly crimped and fixed inside by the shrinkable cover member 20. The shrinkable cover member 20 firmly presses and fixes the positive electrode support plate 11, the positive electrode extraction electrode 12, the carbonized cloth 14, the salt-containing cloth 15, the paper sheet 16, the pair of metal plates 17 and the negative electrode extraction electrode 18 to each other. The distance between the negative electrode and the positive electrode can be kept substantially constant. Further, since the carbonized cloth 14 and the positive electrode lead-out electrode 12 can be electrically connected by the attachment of the shrinkable cover member 20, and the connecting operation can be reliably carried out only by attaching the shrinkable cover member 20, the work process. Is very easy and the manufacturing cost is low.

FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the electrode area and voltage and current in the cell 10, and FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the number of extraction electrodes attached to the negative electrode, for example, the voltage and current in the cell 10. As shown in FIG. 3, even if the electrode area is changed, the voltage characteristic and the current characteristic do not change, but when the number of extraction electrodes attached to the negative electrode or the positive electrode is changed, the current characteristic changes greatly.

One applied battery of the present embodiment is configured by connecting a plurality of the cells 10 described above and accommodating them in a housing. FIG. 5 shows the appearance of this applied battery. The housing 50 is formed by molding a plastic material into a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and includes a box 51 having an upper surface opened and a lid 52 for closing the upper surface. Yes.

One side surface 51a of the box 51 is provided with a projection 53a having a concave cross section and a projection 54a having a convex cross section, and the side surface 51b on the opposite side is provided with a projection 53b having a concave cross section and a convex shape. Projection 54b. The concave protrusion 53a and the convex protrusion 54a or the concave protrusion 53b and the convex protrusion 54b are configured to be fitted to the convex protrusion and the concave protrusion in another housing, respectively. By performing such fitting, a plurality of housings can be connected to each other to form a plurality of applied battery arrays.

The lid body 52 has a through hole 52 a into which the water injection pipe 55 is inserted and a through hole 52 b through which the positive lead wire 56 a and the negative lead wire 56 b are inserted. The through hole 52 a passes through the water injection pipe 55. The gap is later sealed with an adhesive or the like, and the through hole 52b is sealed with an adhesive or the like after passing through the positive lead wire 56a and the negative lead wire 56b. In this embodiment, the water injection pipe 55 has a projecting tip that is inclined and opened, and has a sharp tip.

The housing 50 is watertight except for the water injection pipe 55 by closing the opening of the box 51 with the lid 52 and sealing with an adhesive. In addition, although the dimension of the housing 50 is suitably selected according to the dimension and the number of the cells 10 accommodated therein, in the present embodiment, for example, the length is set to 85 mm, width 25 mm, and height 60 mm. The shape of the housing is not limited to a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and may be a cylindrical shape, a cone shape, a spherical shape, or any other shape.

FIG. 6 shows a plurality of cells accommodated in the housing 50 and the connection state, and FIG. 7 explains the connection state of FIG. 6 with a wiring diagram. A plurality (eight in this case) of cells 10 are arranged so as to overlap each other, and the positive electrode lead wire and the negative electrode lead wire of each cell are connected and soldered so as to be connected in parallel and / or in series. The connection state of the positive electrode lead wire and the negative electrode lead wire of each cell is not limited to this example, and various connection states can be applied as necessary. The number of cells 10 accommodated therein and the connection form are appropriately set according to the required voltage and current capacity. In the case of the connections shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, an output of 1.4 V × 4 = 5.6 V, 1160 mA can be obtained from one applied battery.

As described above, in the present embodiment, as the salt-containing cloth 15, one cloth uses a multi-layer woven cotton cloth containing two or more layers containing salt, so that a very good voltage and current can be obtained. Characteristics can be obtained. This point will be described in detail below.

The inventor of the present application measured the initial voltage and current characteristics of a plurality of samples in which the salt-containing cloth 15 was composed of a one-layer woven cotton cloth, a two-layer woven cotton cloth, and a three-layer woven cotton cloth, and the time course characteristics thereof. Furthermore, the voltage and current characteristics with respect to the salt-containing concentration of a plurality of samples in which the salt-containing cloth 15 was composed of a one-layer woven cotton cloth, a two-layer woven cotton cloth, and a three-layer woven cotton cloth were measured. The actually measured voltage and current values are the terminal voltage and terminal current values of the sample. As is well known, this terminal voltage corresponds to a value obtained by adding an electromotive voltage and a voltage drop due to an internal resistance.

The configuration of each sample is the same as the configuration of the cell 10 described above. That is, as the positive electrode, a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a woven fabric, or a nonwoven fabric made of cellulosic fibers provided by Shin Nippon Tex Co., Ltd. is used as a raw material fiber body, and this is a woven fabric, a knitted fabric obtained by heating carbonization. A carbonized cloth 14 of cloth, woven / knitted cloth or non-woven cloth was used. The dimensions of each positive electrode are 20 mm × 50 mm in this sample. As the negative electrode, a flat metal plate 17 made of a magnesium material was used. The dimensions of each negative electrode are 20 mm × 50 mm in this sample. As the salt-containing cloth 15, absorbent cotton cloth of 1 layer weave, 2 layer weave and 3 layer weave was used. Each cotton cloth is used by being saturated with saturated saline. In addition, the dimension of the positive electrode and negative electrode in an actual product is not limited to the dimension of the above-mentioned sample, The positive electrode and negative electrode of various dimensions are applied.

8 to 13 show the measurement results. FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the initial voltage and the salt-containing concentration, FIG. 9 shows the relationship between the salt-containing concentration and the initial current, and FIG. 10 shows the case where the salt-containing concentration is 10%. FIG. 11 shows the relationship between the voltage with respect to the standing time when the salt-containing concentration is 20%, FIG. 12 shows the relationship with the current with respect to the standing time when the salt-containing concentration is 10%, and FIG. The relationship of the electric current with respect to the leaving time when the concentration is 20% is shown.

As can be seen from FIGS. 8 and 9, the initial voltage and the initial current are significantly higher when the two-layer woven cotton cloth is used as the cotton cloth constituting the salt-containing cloth 15 than when the one-layer woven cotton cloth is used. It is even higher when a three-layer woven cotton cloth is used. Further, as can be seen from FIGS. 10 to 13, the use of a two-layer woven cotton cloth as a cotton cloth constituting the salt-containing cloth 15 causes a decrease in voltage and current both after a lapse of time. Smaller and even smaller when using a three-layer woven cotton cloth. Therefore, the use of the two-layer woven cotton cloth provides better electrical characteristics than the use of the one-layer woven cotton cloth, and the use of the three-layer woven cotton cloth provides further excellent electrical characteristics. In other words, it is desirable to use a multi-layer woven cotton cloth as the cotton cloth constituting the salt-containing cloth 15. By using a multi-layer woven cotton cloth, it is presumed that the electrical characteristics are improved because more salt components are contained in each layer.

Further, as can be seen from FIGS. 8 and 9, in the salt-containing cloth 15 using the multi-layer woven cotton cloth, a sufficiently large initial voltage and initial current are obtained if the salt-containing concentration is 5% or more. In this measurement example, measurement was performed only up to the case where the salt-containing concentration was 25%. However, since the initial voltage saturates when the salt-containing concentration is 15% or more, good characteristics are obtained even if it exceeds 25%. It can be assumed that it is obtained. In addition, since the initial current increases as the salt-containing concentration increases, it can be expected that good characteristics can be obtained even if it exceeds 25%. Further, as can be seen from FIGS. 10 to 13, in the salt-containing cloth 15 using a multi-layer woven cotton cloth, the voltage and current characteristics after a lapse of time are better when the salt-containing concentration is 20% than when the salt-containing concentration is 10%. Has been obtained. Therefore, it is understood that in the salt-containing cloth 15 using the multi-layer woven cotton cloth, good voltage and current characteristics can be obtained if the salt-containing concentration is 5% or more.

Furthermore, the inventor of the present application measured the rising voltage and current characteristics of the sample in which salt was contained in the cotton cloth constituting the salt-containing cloth 15 and the sample not containing salt, and the time course characteristics thereof. The actually measured voltage and current values are the terminal voltage and terminal current values of the sample.

The configuration of each sample is the same as the configuration of the cell 10 described above. That is, as the positive electrode, a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a woven fabric, or a nonwoven fabric made of cellulosic fibers provided by Shin Nippon Tex Co., Ltd. is used as a raw material fiber body, and this is a woven fabric, a knitted fabric obtained by heating carbonization. A carbonized cloth 14 of cloth, woven / knitted cloth or non-woven cloth was used. The dimensions of each positive electrode are 20 mm × 50 mm in this sample. As the negative electrode, a flat metal plate 17 made of a magnesium material was used. The dimensions of each negative electrode are 20 mm × 50 mm in this sample. As the cotton cloth, a two-layered absorbent cotton cloth was used. A sample in which salt is contained in a cotton cloth is used by injecting 3 cc of 20% saline, and a sample in which no salt is contained in the cotton cloth is used by injecting 3 cc of tap water. In addition, the dimension of the positive electrode and negative electrode in an actual product is not limited to the dimension of the above-mentioned sample, The positive electrode and negative electrode of various dimensions are applied.

14 to 17 show the measurement results. FIG. 14 shows the relationship between the voltage with respect to the rise time, FIG. 15 shows the relationship with the current with respect to the rise time, FIG. 16 shows the relationship with the voltage with respect to the standing time, and FIG. The relationship of the current with respect to is shown respectively.

As can be seen from FIGS. 14 and 15, as the cotton cloth, by using a cotton cloth containing salt like the salt-containing cloth 15, both the voltage and current are larger than when using a cotton cloth not containing salt, The rise is much faster. Moreover, as can be seen from FIGS. 16 and 17, by using a cotton cloth containing salt as the cotton cloth, the decrease in voltage and current after the passage of time is smaller than when using a cotton cloth not containing salt. . Therefore, superior electrical characteristics can be obtained using salt-containing cotton cloth rather than using salt-free cotton cloth.

In the present embodiment, the carbonized cloth 14 is a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a woven or knitted fabric or a non-woven fabric made of cellulosic fibers provided by Shin Nippon Tex Co., Ltd., and this is heated carbon. Since a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a woven / knitted fabric or a non-woven fabric is used, very good voltage and current characteristics can be obtained. This point will be described in detail below.

The inventor of the present application relates to the initial voltage and current characteristics of a plurality of samples in which the carbonized cloth 14 is composed of the special carbonized cloth of the present invention and commercially available general carbonized cloths A and B, and the time course thereof. The characteristics were measured. Further, the voltage and current characteristics with respect to the salt-containing concentration of a plurality of samples in which the carbonized cloth 14 was composed of the special carbonized cloth of the present invention and commercially available general carbonized cloths A and B were measured. The actually measured voltage and current values are the terminal voltage and terminal current values of the sample.

The configuration of each sample is the same as the configuration of the cell 10 described above. That is, as the positive electrode, a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a woven fabric, or a nonwoven fabric made of cellulosic fibers provided by Shin Nippon Tex Co., Ltd. is used as a raw material fiber body, and this is a woven fabric, a knitted fabric obtained by heating carbonization. A carbonized cloth 14 of cloth, woven / knitted cloth or non-woven cloth was used. The dimension of each positive electrode is 20 mm x 50 mm. As the negative electrode, a flat metal plate 17 made of a magnesium material was used. The dimension of each negative electrode is 20 mm x 50 mm. As the salt-containing cloth 15, a two-layered absorbent cotton cloth is used, which is impregnated with saturated saline.

18 to 23 show the measurement results. FIG. 18 shows the relationship between the initial voltage and the salt-containing concentration, FIG. 19 shows the relationship between the salt-containing concentration and the initial current, and FIG. 20 shows the case where the salt-containing concentration is 10%. FIG. 21 shows the relationship between the voltage with respect to the standing time when the salt-containing concentration is 20%, FIG. 22 shows the relationship with the current with respect to the standing time when the salt-containing concentration is 10%, and FIG. The relationship of the electric current with respect to the leaving time when the concentration is 20% is shown.

As can be seen from FIGS. 18 and 19, by using the special carbonized cloth of the present invention as the carbonized cloth 14, rather than using commercially available general carbonized cloths A and B, the initial voltage and the initial current are increased. Both are significantly higher. Further, as can be seen from FIG. 20 to FIG. 23, by using the special carbonized cloth of the present invention as the carbonized cloth 14 rather than using the general carbonized cloths A and B that are commercially available, after a lapse of time. The decrease in voltage and current of both is small. Therefore, by using the special carbonized cloth of the present invention, very excellent electrical characteristics can be obtained.

As described above in detail, according to the present embodiment, in a state where the applied battery is not operated, liquid such as fresh water, salt water, sea water, or the like is not injected into the housing 50 and there is no liquid, so it is portable. And storage is very easy. In addition, since a reaction hardly occurs unless a liquid is injected, long-term storage is possible. When an applied battery is operated, when a small amount of liquid such as tap water is injected into the housing 50 through the water injection pipe 55, the liquid slightly accumulated at the bottom of the housing 50. Is transferred to the paper sheet 16 having water absorption, the entire salt-containing cloth 15 is moistened, and the salt contained in the salt-containing cloth 15 is eluted into the liquid, so that the salt-containing cloth 15 and the paper sheet 16 are positive electrodes. It functions as an electrolyte solution medium between the carbonized cloth 14 that is and the pair of metal plates 17 that are the negative electrodes. As a result, a discharge reaction due to hydrogen ions occurs around the pair of metal plates 17. On the other hand, the carbonized cloth 14 does not react with hydrogen ions, and electrons are discharged from the pair of metal plates 17 that are the negative electrodes from the salt-containing cloth 15 and paper. An electromotive force is generated through an attempt to move to the carbonized cloth 14 as the positive electrode through the sheet 16. In this way, the salt-containing cloth 15 is provided in close contact with the carbonized cloth 14, and the paper sheet 16 having water absorption is provided in close contact with the salt-containing cloth 15, and the paper sheet 16 has a high ionization tendency. Since the pair of metal plates 17 formed in (1) are provided in close contact with each other, a small amount of liquid can be operated as a battery only by contacting the paper sheet 16. When the electromotive force of the battery decreases, the electromotive force is restored by additionally injecting liquid. In addition, since the salt-containing cloth 15 is a multi-layer woven cotton cloth having two or more layers containing salt, a very high initial voltage and initial current can be obtained. In addition, the decrease in voltage and current after a long period of time is very small. Furthermore, as in this embodiment, by using a special carbonized cloth as the carbonized cloth 14, both the initial voltage and the initial current can be significantly increased, and the voltage and current are reduced after a long time. Both can be greatly reduced.

Further, the positive electrode support plate 11, the positive electrode extraction electrode 12, the carbonized cloth 14, the salt-containing cloth 15, the paper sheet 16, the pair of metal plates 17 and the negative electrode extraction electrode 18 are firmly bonded to each other by the shrinkable cover member 20. Therefore, the distance between the negative electrode and the positive electrode can be kept substantially constant. Furthermore, since the carbonized cloth 14 and the positive electrode lead-out electrode 12 can be electrically connected by the attachment of the shrinkable cover member 20, and the connecting operation can be reliably performed only by attaching the shrinkable cover member 20, the work process Is very easy and the manufacturing cost is low.

FIG. 24 and FIG. 25 illustrate how the housing is changed. These modifications are different from those shown in FIG. 5 in the dimensions of the housing and the number and position of the convex protrusions and concave protrusions formed on the side surfaces thereof. Of course, the number and position of the convex protrusions and concave protrusions are not limited to these modifications, and various aspects are applicable.

24, the length of the side surfaces 81a and 81b and the length of the side surfaces 81c and 81d of the box body 81 of the housing 80 are shorter than those of the embodiment of FIG. On these side surfaces 81a, 81b, 81c and 81d, one concave projection 83a and one convex projection 84a, one concave projection 83b and one convex projection 84b, one concave projection 83c and one convex projection 84c, In addition, one concave protrusion 83d and one convex protrusion 84d are formed. Other configurations and operational effects in this modification are the same as those in the embodiment of FIG.

25, the length of the side surfaces 91a, 91b, 91c and 91d of the box body 91 of the housing 90 is longer than that of the embodiment of FIG. 91c and 91d, two concave projections 93a and two convex projections 94a, two concave projections 93b and two convex projections 94b, one concave projection 93c and one convex projection 94c, and one concave projection 93d and one convex protrusion 94d are respectively formed. Other configurations and operational effects in this modification are the same as those in the embodiment of FIG.

FIG. 26 schematically shows the overall configuration of an embodiment of the emergency power supply apparatus of the present invention, FIG. 27 shows the emergency power supply apparatus in this embodiment in an exploded manner, and FIG. 28 shows the emergency power supply in this embodiment. The state which accommodated the power supply device in the case is shown.

This emergency power supply device is devised so that it can be quickly and easily poured and operated in an emergency while combining a plurality (three in the drawing) of application batteries in the embodiment of FIG.

As shown in these drawings, in this embodiment, three application batteries 100a, 100b, and 100c are arranged in parallel, and the concave protrusions and the convex protrusions are fitted and fixed to each other. The final lead wire 106 is obtained by appropriately connecting the lead wires. Three water tanks 107a, 107b, and 107c corresponding to the number of applied batteries 100a, 100b, and 100c are prepared. In each of these water tanks 107a, 107b, and 107c, for example, about 30 cc of fresh water, saline, seawater, etc. Liquid is stored in advance. Outlet 107a ₁ is provided in each water tank, for example, the water tank 107a. Although not shown in the drawings, a closing film made of, for example, aluminum foil is formed in the discharge ports so as to hermetically close the discharge ports. These closing films can be broken by penetrating a sharp object.

The water tanks 107a, 107b, and 107c are arranged in a state where the tips of the water injection pipes 105a, 105b, and 105c of the applied batteries 100a, 100b, and 100c are inserted into the respective discharge ports in a sealing manner. On the water tanks 107a, 107b and 107c, a push-down member 108 is placed. By pushing down the push-down member 108 in an emergency, the water tanks 107a, 107b and 107c are pushed down simultaneously. The closing film in the discharge port is broken by the tips of the water injection pipes 105a, 105b and 105c, and as a result, the liquid in the water tanks 107a, 107b and 107c is injected into the application batteries 100a, 100b and 100c through the water injection pipe. . As described above, since the liquid from the plurality of water tanks 107a, 107b, and 107c can be simultaneously injected into the plurality of applied batteries 100a, 100b, and 100c only by pressing the pressing member 108, it is easy in an emergency. The emergency power supply can be operated quickly and quickly.

It should be noted that a detachable push-down preventing member 109 is inserted below the discharge ports of the water tanks 107a, 107b and 107c, and is configured to prevent the water tank from being pushed down except in an emergency. By providing such a push-down preventing member 109, it is possible to prevent inconvenience that the emergency power supply device is erroneously operated.

As shown in FIG. 28, the emergency power supply device 120 in this embodiment is housed in a case 121 and can be stored so that it can be operated only in an emergency.

In addition, the emergency power supply device of the present invention is not limited to the above-described form, the number of applied batteries, the structure and arrangement, the number of water tanks, the shape, the structure and the arrangement mounting method, the shape of the push-down member, Needless to say, the structure and the mounting method, the structure and the mounting method of the push-down preventing member can be set as appropriate.

FIG. 29 schematically shows the appearance of a housing according to another embodiment of the application battery of the present invention, and FIG. 30 shows the internal configuration of the housing when the cell unit of the application battery according to this embodiment is in an inoperative state. FIG. 31 schematically shows the internal configuration of the housing when water is injected into the housing of the application battery in the present embodiment and the cell unit is ready for operation. FIG. 33 schematically shows the internal configuration of the housing when the cell unit of the application battery in the present embodiment is in an operating state, and FIG. 33 schematically shows the configuration of the cell unit of the application battery in the embodiment viewed from the side. Show.

As schematically shown in FIG. 29, the housing 200 in the applied battery of the present embodiment has a rectangular parallelepiped shape obtained by molding a plastic material, and a box body 201 having an upper surface opened and a lid body for closing the upper surface. 202 is fixed by a plurality of screws 203. The box 201 can store water therein as a container. On one surface of the housing 200 (upper surface 200a in this embodiment), the cell unit 210 (FIGS. 30 to 33) accommodated in the housing 200 can be moved up and down to be set to the operation position and the operation preparation position. An operation knob 204, a water injection hole 205 penetrating therethrough, and a through hole 207 for positive and negative lead wires 206 are provided. The water injection hole 205 is normally closed by a closing plug 208 having flexibility. Instead of the operation knob 204, an operation lever or the like may be attached to the side surface of the housing 200. Further, the water injection hole 205 and the through hole 207 may be provided on the side surface of the housing 200. Furthermore, in order to avoid excessive water injection, a drain outlet that is normally closed by a closing plug may be provided below the side surface of the housing 200. Thereby, excess water can be discharged.

As shown in FIGS. 30 to 33, the cell unit 210 accommodated in the housing 200 is formed by stacking a plurality of (15 in the illustrated example) cells 10 electrically connected to each other in the stacking direction. The holding plates 211 and 212 made of plastic disposed between the holding plates 211 and 212 are pressed and fixed by a plurality of (eight in the illustrated example) clamping rods 213. Note that the number of cells 10 and the connection method are appropriately set according to the required voltage and current capacity.

FIG. 33 shows the bottom and side surfaces of the cell unit 210 itself. As can be seen from the figure, a partition plate 214 is inserted for each predetermined number (three in the illustrated example) of the plurality of cells 10 that are stacked and pressed and fixed, and these partitions on the lower side of the cells 10 are further inserted. A sponge 215 having water absorption is inserted between the plates 214.

As shown in FIG. 30, a paper sheet 216 having water absorption, a salt-containing cloth 217, and a sponge sheet 218 having water absorption are stacked in this order from the bottom on the bottom surface 201a of the box 201 in the housing 200. Yes. FIG. 30 shows a configuration in the housing 200 when the applied battery is not used in a state where the lid 202 is removed. In this non-operational form, no liquid is injected into the housing 200. In the non-operating state, the cell unit 210 may be positioned above the bottom surface 201a of the box 201 as shown in the figure, or may be positioned below and in contact with the sponge sheet 218 or the like. It may be.

Although not shown, the support rod 219 disposed at the upper center of the cell unit 210 is connected to the shaft 204a of the operation knob 204. When the operation knob 204 moves up and down, the cell unit 210 also moves up and down. It is possible. When the operation knob 204 is fixed at the upper position as shown in FIG. 29 by the repulsive force of the spring 204b, the cell unit 210 is held at the upper position as shown in FIG. In addition to the configuration using the repulsive force of the spring, the operation knob 204 is fixed at the upper position, and a wedge-shaped slider is inserted into the position of the spring of the operation knob 204 so that the shaft 204a of the operation knob 204 is fixed. A configuration that does not move downward is used.

In a state where this applied battery is not operated, liquid such as fresh water, salt water, seawater or the like is not poured into the housing 200 and there is no liquid, so that it is very easy to carry and store. In addition, since no reaction occurs in the cell unit 210 unless liquid is injected, long-term storage is possible.

FIG. 31 shows a configuration in the housing 200 when preparing to use the applied battery with the lid 202 removed, and in this operation ready state, a small amount of tap water is introduced into the housing 200 through the water injection hole 205. The liquid 220 accumulates at the bottom of the housing 200 and is spread and held by the paper sheet 216 over the entire bottom surface 200a of the housing 200. This liquid 220 wets the salt-containing cloth 217, and salt water obtained by the contained salt eluting into the liquid is held in the sponge sheet 218. Furthermore, in this operation preparation state, the cell unit 210 is moved to the lower position and contacts the sponge sheet 218 on the bottom surface 201 a of the box 201. That is, the operating knob 204 is rotated against the repulsive force of the spring 204b, and is screwed into a screw mechanism (not shown) to be moved to the lower position. Thereby, the cell unit 210 is held at a lower position. In this operation ready state, the liquid 220 is sucked up by capillary action, and this liquid is transmitted to each cell 10 of the cell unit 210 via the sponge 215 in contact with the sponge sheet 218. By way of example only, the cell unit 210 can be sufficiently wetted by moving the cell unit 210 to a lower position and bringing the sponge sheet 218 into contact with the sponge 215 of the cell unit 210 for about 1 minute. it can. Of course, it may be kept in contact for a longer time.

Next, as shown in FIG. 32, by operating the operation knob 204, the cell unit 210 is fixed at the upper position, so that the applied battery is activated, and the electromotive force is the same as in the embodiment of FIG. Occurs. It should be noted that in this operational state, the cell unit 210 is not in contact with the liquid 220.

In this embodiment, the housing 200 is used for the water injection hole 205 and the lead wire 206 by closing the opening of the box 201 with the lid 202 and fixing with the screw 203 and sealing with an adhesive if necessary. The through hole 207 is watertight. The dimensions of the housing 200 are appropriately selected depending on the dimensions and number of the cells 10 accommodated therein. In the present embodiment, the dimensions are set to, for example, 200 mm in length, 120 mm in width, and 110 mm in height. The shape of the housing is not limited to a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and may be a cylindrical shape, a cone shape, a spherical shape, or any other shape.

According to the applied battery of the present embodiment having the above-described structure, each cell 10 of the cell unit 210 can be operated only by pouring water from one water pouring hole 205, and an electromotive force with sufficient voltage and current can be obtained. Can be generated. In addition, since the water-absorbing paper sheet 216 and the water-absorbing sponge sheet 218 are laid on the bottom surface 200a of the housing 200, the water retention is good and an electromotive force is generated for a long time by one water injection. can do. Furthermore, since the water is injected from one water injection hole 205, the amount of water injection can be easily adjusted. Furthermore, since the cell unit 210 is moved to a lower position and wetted only during preparation for operation, and the cell unit 210 is held at the upper position during operation, the cell unit 210 contacts the liquid during operation. As a result, there is no possibility of causing an electrical short circuit even if the amount of water injection is somewhat large. Other functions and effects of the applied battery of this embodiment are the same as those of the embodiment of FIG.

In the above-described embodiment, the housing 200 is formed by molding a plastic material. However, the housing 200 is formed by a case or bag body in which a plastic film such as PET, vinyl, or acrylic is coated or laminated on an aluminum sheet. May be.

The embodiments described above are all illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting, and the present invention can be implemented in other various modifications and changes. Therefore, the scope of the present invention is defined only by the claims and their equivalents.

It can be stored for a long period of time and used for a long period of time, and since an electromotive force can be obtained simply by injecting liquid, it can be used as an inexpensive battery that does not require charging. It can be widely used as an emergency power supply and emergency power supply.

Claims (9)

An application battery comprising a housing and a plurality of cells provided in the housing, and operating by pouring water into the housing at the time of use,
Each of the plurality of cells includes a carbonized cloth constituting a positive electrode, a positive electrode lead electrode electrically connected to the carbonized cloth, a salt-containing cloth provided in close contact with the carbonized cloth, A paper sheet having water absorption provided in close contact with the salt-containing cloth, and a metal formed with a material that is provided in close contact with the paper sheet and that constitutes the negative electrode and has a higher ionization tendency than the positive electrode. A plate, a negative electrode extraction electrode electrically connected to the metal plate, and a shrinkage that crimps the carbonized cloth, the positive electrode extraction electrode, the salt-containing cloth, the paper sheet, the metal plate, and the negative electrode extraction electrode together And a cover member, wherein the salt-containing cloth is composed of a cloth in which a multi-layered woven cotton cloth is impregnated with salt. The carbonized cloth is a carbonized cloth of a woven cloth, a knitted cloth, a woven or knitted cloth or a nonwoven cloth obtained by heating carbonization of a raw fiber body made of a woven cloth, a knitted cloth, a woven or knitted cloth or a non-woven cloth made of cellulose fiber. The applied battery according to claim 1, wherein: The applied battery according to claim 1, wherein the salt-containing cloth has a salt-containing concentration of 5% or more. The salt-containing cloth is provided in close contact with the periphery of the carbonized cloth, and the paper sheet is provided in close contact with the periphery of the salt-containing cloth. The applied battery according to claim 1, wherein the metal plate is provided in close contact. Each of the plurality of cells further includes a positive electrode support plate, the positive electrode lead electrode is fixed to the positive electrode support plate, and the carbonized cloth is around the positive electrode support plate to which the positive electrode lead electrode is fixed. The applied battery according to claim 1, wherein the applied battery is closely attached to the battery. A water injection hole provided in the housing, and a moving mechanism capable of holding the plurality of cells at a lower position when preparing for operation and holding the plurality of cells at an upper position when operating. The applied battery according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: The applied battery according to claim 6, further comprising an external lead-out lead wire outlet formed in the housing. The applied battery according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a water injection pipe having a tip projecting from the housing, and an external lead-out lead outlet formed in the housing. . A plurality of application batteries according to claim 8 are arranged in parallel, and a plurality of water tanks are arranged in which a plurality of water injection pipes of the plurality of application batteries are respectively engaged in a plurality of discharge ports. An emergency power source comprising: a pressing member that simultaneously presses down the plurality of water tanks and allows a closing film formed in advance in the plurality of discharge ports to be broken by a tip of the water injection pipe. apparatus.

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