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WO2012056081A1 - Biofiltre et procédé pour purger par biofiltration un courant de gaz qui contient du disulfure de carbone - Google Patents

Biofiltre et procédé pour purger par biofiltration un courant de gaz qui contient du disulfure de carbone Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012056081A1
WO2012056081A1 PCT/ES2011/070748 ES2011070748W WO2012056081A1 WO 2012056081 A1 WO2012056081 A1 WO 2012056081A1 ES 2011070748 W ES2011070748 W ES 2011070748W WO 2012056081 A1 WO2012056081 A1 WO 2012056081A1
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Prior art keywords
compost
degrading
weight
biofilter
microorganisms capable
Prior art date
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English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Ana ELÍAS SÁENZ
Astrid BARONA FERNÁNDEZ
Gabriel Ibarra Berastegui
Gorka Javier GALLASTEGUI RUÍZ DE GORDOA
Naiara ROJO AZÁCETA
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Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea
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Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea
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Publication of WO2012056081A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012056081A1/fr
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Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/84—Biological processes
    • B01D53/85—Biological processes with gas-solid contact
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/95—Specific microorganisms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates, in general, to the purification of gases contaminated with a contaminant, and, in particular, with a bio filter to eliminate or reduce the content of carbon disulfide (CS 2 ) present in a gas stream contaminated by that compound, as well as with the corresponding bio filtration method.
  • CS 2 carbon disulfide
  • carbon disulfide (CS 2 ) a volatile, colorless and very easily flammable liquid, constitutes a highly dangerous pollutant due mainly to its harmful effects on human health.
  • Prolonged exposure to carbon sulfide vapors causes symptoms of intoxication ranging from redness of the face and euphoria to loss of consciousness, coma and breathing paralysis.
  • Chronic intoxication causes headache, loss of sleep, impaired vision, memory and hearing, nerve inflammation and vascular damage.
  • Biolavadores bioscrubber
  • biotrickling drained bed bioreactors
  • fixed bed biofilters biofilters
  • bioscrubber constitute a technology of treatment in two stages. In the first, the contaminated gas comes into contact with a liquid phase that absorbs the contaminants. After the contaminants have been absorbed, the liquid is treated by a traditional biological process (for example, by an activated sludge process). Biolavadores have as their main drawback their inability to treat poorly soluble compounds, so they are not good candidates in the case of CS 2 .
  • Drained bed bioreactors require the continuous feeding of a liquid medium onto a bed of inorganic support material (eg, polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC or lava rock).
  • inorganic support material eg, polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC or lava rock.
  • This technology is mainly controlled by the mass transfer between the gas phase and the liquid phase, which is a disadvantage because the gaseous CS 2 is very poorly soluble in water.
  • Another disadvantage associated with continuous liquid feeding consists in obtaining a liquid medium that must be properly managed.
  • the inorganic nature of the support material forces the system to be inoculated with the appropriate biomass for biodegradation.
  • US patents US 4968622, US 5747331 and US 5236677 describe drained bed bioreactors for the biological degradation of CS 2 .
  • Biofilters (“fixed bed bioreactors”) constitute, in Europe, the most used biological gas treatment technology for the elimination of odors and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and sulphides (VSCs). Despite their name, they are not "filtration” units in the strict sense of the word, but instead encompass a combination of several basic processes: absorption, adsorption, biodegradation and desorption. Basically, biofilters consist of a compartment that contains a filler or support material (filter material) that serves as a carrier of the biomass responsible for the biodegradation of contaminants.
  • the biomass or population of microorganisms capable of degrading the contaminant constitutes, in all cases, a decisive element for the effective functioning of the system. Its biodiversity depends on the composition of the fed gas, the bed. support and, in general, environmental conditions. Microorganisms capable of degrading CS 2 are not as abundant as microorganisms capable of degrading other pollutants (eg, hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S)), possibly due to the fact that CS 2 possesses fungicidal properties since the breakage of its double bonds require more energy [Yang, Y. et al. (1997).
  • H 2 S hydrogen sulfide
  • Thiobacillus TJ330 [Hartikainen, T. et al. (2000). Physiology and taxonomy of Thiobacillus strain TJ330, which oxidizes carbon disulphide (CS 2 ). J. Appl.
  • Thiobacillus thioparus TK [Smith, N.A. et al. (1988). Oxidation of carbon disulphide as the soli source of energy for the autotrophic growth of Thiobacillus thioparus strain TK-m. J. Gen. Microbiol. 134: 3041-3048];
  • the nature of the support material of the microorganisms is also a fundamental factor for the proper functioning of the bioreactors, since it influences both the ability to eliminate the contaminant and the cost of the system.
  • the ideal support should meet various characteristics such as, for example, having a high moisture and biomass retention capacity, a high contact surface, a suitable bed porosity (to avoid load losses and system collapse), low economic cost , long life time, etc. In addition, once exhausted, it should be easy to manage to avoid generating an added problem.
  • biofilters with specially designed inorganic supports have been described, the use of supports of an organic nature provides several advantages, among which it is worth noting the possibility of containing indigenous biomass (bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae, etc.) and nutrients, although, on the other hand, this type of supports undergoes greater degradation over time than some of the synthetic materials.
  • indigenous biomass bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae, etc.
  • this type of supports undergoes greater degradation over time than some of the synthetic materials.
  • compost Yang, Y. et al. (1994). Oxidative destruction of carbon disulfide vapors using biofiltration In: Air & Waste Management Association's 87th Annual Meeting & Exhibition, Cincinnati, Ohio], peat [Hartikainen, T. et al. (2001).
  • the authors of the present invention have developed a fixed bed biofiltration method to efficiently purify (eliminate / reduce) the amount of CS 2 present in a gaseous stream contaminated with said compound (CS 2 ).
  • Said method based on the use as filler material of the biofilter of a product commonly used as compost, provides several advantages over traditional methods and other biological methods described in the state of the art, mainly due to its physical characteristics. -chemistry.
  • the invention relates to a biofilter comprising a filler material and microorganisms capable of degrading CS 2 , wherein said filler material comprises a compost obtainable by aerobic-anaerobic decomposition of a mixture comprising (i) 30 -70% by weight of animal waste, and (ii) 70-30% by weight of plant waste.
  • the invention in another aspect relates to a method for purifying a gas stream containing CS 2 by biofiltration comprising passing said gas stream containing CS 2 through said biofilter.
  • the invention in another aspect relates to an installation for the purification of a gaseous composition comprising CS 2 comprising at least one of said bio filters.
  • the invention relates to a method for acclimatizing to CS 2 microorganisms capable of degrading CS 2 contained in a compost, wherein said compost is obtainable by aerobic-anaerobic decomposition of a mixture that It comprises (i) 30-70% by weight of animal waste, and (ii) 70-30%> by weight of plant waste, which comprises contacting said compost containing microorganisms capable of degrading CS 2 with a gaseous stream that it comprises CS 2 in an amount less than about 100 ppmv, with a residence time of less than about 120 seconds, continuously, for at least 100 days.
  • the invention relates to a method for generating a population of microorganisms capable of degrading CS 2 which comprises combining: a) a compost obtainable by aerobic-anaerobic decomposition of a mixture comprising (i) 30-70%) in weight of animal waste and (ii) 70-
  • Figure 1 is a photograph showing a compost obtainable by aerobic-anaerobic decomposition of a mixture comprising (i) 30-70%> by weight of animal waste, and (ii) 70-30%> by weight of plant waste , in the form of pellets.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a particular embodiment of an installation suitable for the implementation of the CS 2 biofiltration method according to the present invention.
  • the invention relates to a biofilter of carbon disulfide (CS 2 ), hereinafter "biofilter of the invention", which comprises a filler material and microorganisms capable of degrading CS 2 , wherein said filler material comprises a compost obtainable by aerobic-anaerobic decomposition of a mixture comprising (i) 30-70% by weight of animal waste, and (ii) 70-30%> by weight of plant waste.
  • Said biofilter of the invention can be used to purify gases contaminated with CS 2 by bio filtration, that is, to reduce the amount of, or eliminate, the amount of CS 2 present in a gaseous stream containing CS 2 .
  • the filler material present in the biofilter of the invention comprises a product of an organic nature, in particular, a compost obtainable by aerobic-anaerobic decomposition of a mixture comprising from 30%> to 70%> by weight of animal waste and of the 70%> to 30%> by weight of plant waste.
  • animal residues suitable for the production of compost used in the biofiltration method of the invention include pig purines, poultry residues, cattle residues, etc., and combinations thereof.
  • plant residues include leaves, branches, pieces of wood, sawdust, etc., and combinations thereof.
  • a product commonly used for agricultural purposes can also be used advantageously as filler material (filter material) in a CS 2 biofilter due, among other reasons, to its characteristics physicochemical such as, for example, high moisture retention capacity, high porosity, high contact surface, good ability to regulate pH, adaptable and diverse biomass, low investment cost and long duration (mechanically resistant and chemically inert and stable).
  • Said filler material (compost) of the biofilter of the invention serves as support for microorganisms capable of degrading CS 2 and provides the necessary nutrients for the metabolism of said microorganisms capable of degrading CS 2 although, at times, it may be necessary to make a contribution additional nutrients for the maintenance and growth of the microorganisms present in said filler material.
  • the compost used as filler material of the biofilter of the invention can be used without compacting, that is, in the form of more or less loose granules of different granulometry, or, advantageously, in compacted form.
  • said compost is in the form of compacted particles, preferably in the form of pellets ( Figure 1).
  • the size of said pellets may vary within a wide range; however, in a particular embodiment, said compost pellets have an average diameter between about 5 mm and about 12 mm, preferably between about 6 mm and about 8 mm.
  • the size of the compost pellets together with the high porosity of the compost provide a large surface area that favors the contact of microorganisms capable of degrading CS 2 with said contaminant.
  • the morphological regularity of the compost pellets constituting the biofilter filler material of the invention ensures a very homogeneous distribution of the filler material in the biofilter of the invention, which minimizes the development of preferential paths that limit the contact time. actual between the gas stream containing CS 2 to be treated and the active surface of the filler material comprising the microorganisms capable of degrading CS 2 .
  • the biofilter filler material of the invention has a good water retention capacity, which is very favorable since microorganisms require a significant amount of water to grow and the process is exothermic.
  • the moisture content of the filler material can vary over a wide range, in a particular embodiment, the moisture content of the biofilter filler material of the invention is between 30% and 70%, preferably between 35% o and 50% or A low moisture content in the filler material reduces the thickness of the biofilm and adversely affects the activity of microorganisms capable of degrading CS 2 , and, consequently, the activity of the biofilter.
  • a high degree of humidity can create saturation, causing anaerobic areas or increase the loss of load.
  • the biofilter of the invention comprises, in addition to said filler material, microorganisms capable of degrading CS 2 .
  • a microorganism capable of degrading CS 2 is a microorganism that has the ability to use CS 2 as a source of energy and transform it into a harmless or less harmful product for human or animal health and / or the environment, for example, in sulfate [see, for example, Smith, NA et al. (1988); Revah et al. (1994); Alcantara et al. (1999), cited above].
  • Said microorganism capable of degrading CS 2 can be a bacterium, a fungus, a yeast, a protozoan, etc.
  • microorganisms capable of degrading CS 2 include microorganisms of the genera Paracoccus (eg, P. denitrificans, etc.), Thioalkalimicrobium (eg, T. aerophilum, T. sibericum, etc.), Thioalkalivibrio (eg, T. denitrificans, T. nitratis, T. versutus, etc.), Thiobacillus (eg, Thiobacillus TJ330, T.
  • Paracoccus eg, P. denitrificans, etc.
  • Thioalkalimicrobium eg, T. aerophilum, T. sibericum, etc.
  • Thioalkalivibrio eg, T. denitrificans, T. nitratis, T. versutus,
  • the biofilter of the invention contains microorganisms capable of degrading CS 2 belonging to a single genus or to a single species of microorganisms capable of degrading CS 2 ; alternatively, in another particular embodiment, the biofilter of the invention contains microorganisms capable of degrading CS 2 belonging to different genera and / or species.
  • microorganisms capable of degrading CS 2 useful for the implementation of the present invention are commercially available or in crop collections.
  • the person skilled in the art knows that, in general, microorganisms that tolerate the contaminant in question (CS 2 ) live in samples from sites contaminated with said contaminant, for example, areas or facilities where gas streams are used or generated containing CS 2 , etc .; therefore, by selecting the cultures of the microorganisms present in said samples it is possible to find strains of microorganisms capable of degrading the contaminant in question (CS 2 ).
  • said filler material contains microorganisms of a very diverse nature, and, among said microorganisms there are microorganisms capable of degrading CS 2 which can be identified and isolated by conventional methods of selecting microorganisms known to those skilled in the art.
  • the biomass indigenous (native microorganisms) of the compost that constitutes the biofilter filler material of the invention is adaptable, since in contact with gaseous streams containing CS 2 , advantageously moistened previously with water, the population of microorganisms present in said compost is self- regulated to proliferate microorganisms capable of degrading CS 2 and incapable of degrading microorganisms are repressed CS 2.
  • the implementation of the bio filtration method provided by this invention does not require initial inoculation with microorganisms capable of degrading CS 2 since these are present in the filler material (compost) of the biofilter used in said bio filtration method; however, if desired, in a particular embodiment, said compost can be inoculated with a culture of microorganisms capable of degrading CS 2 .
  • the ability of a microorganism to degrade CS 2 can be determined by any conventional procedure, known to those skilled in the art, which allows to know if a microorganism uses CS 2 , for example, by contacting a culture of said microorganism with CS 2 and incubating under appropriate conditions; Under these conditions, the detection of hydrogen sulfide, an intermediate product of the oxidation of CS 2 , or the production of sulfate, a final product of the oxidation of CS 2 , is indicative that the analyzed microorganism is capable of degrading CS 2 ; if desired, the microorganism may be supported on a filler material of the type used in the biofilter of the invention (compost) and the CS 2 may be contained in a stream of air, preferably moistened with water before contacting it with the microorganism.
  • the biofilter of the invention comprises a reservoir, in which the filler material and microorganisms capable of degrading CS 2 are found , as well as means for entering the gas stream containing CS 2 , optionally moistened previously, and means for the output of the gas stream totally or partially discharged from CS 2 .
  • devices can be included to measure the inlet temperature of the gas stream containing CS 2 to be treated since it can affect the metabolic process of microorganisms capable of degrading CS 2 , or to measure the pH since During the operation of the bio filtration method provided by this invention, acid products can be generated that can adversely affect the activity of the biofilter.
  • the bio filter of the invention can be designed in various shapes and dimensions, using the appropriate materials for it.
  • bio filter of the invention facilitates the design of bioreactors containing one or more biofilters of the invention.
  • the invention contemplates the development of a bioreactor comprising a single bio filter of the invention, while, in another particular embodiment, the invention contemplates the development of a bioreactor comprising two or more biofilters of the invention.
  • the bio filter of the invention can be used to purify gases contaminated with CS 2 by bio filtration.
  • the invention relates to a method for purifying a gas stream containing CS 2 by bio filtration, hereinafter "biofiltration method of the invention", which comprises passing said gas stream containing CS 2 to through a biofilter of the invention, that is, a biofilter comprising a filler material and microorganisms capable of degrading CS 2 , wherein said filler material comprises a compost obtainable by aerobic-anaerobic decomposition of a mixture comprising (i) 30-70% by weight of animal waste, and (ii) 70-30% by weight of plant waste.
  • biofiltration method of the invention comprises passing said gas stream containing CS 2 to through a biofilter of the invention, that is, a biofilter comprising a filler material and microorganisms capable of degrading CS 2 , wherein said filler material comprises a compost obtainable by aerobic-anaerobic decomposition of a mixture comprising (i) 30-70% by weight of animal waste, and (ii) 70-30% by weight of plant waste
  • the expression "purify gases contaminated with CS 2" includes both the almost total elimination of CS 2 present in a gaseous stream containing CS 2 and the reduction of the amount of CS 2 present in a gaseous stream It contains CS 2 up to levels permitted by legislation or that are not harmful to human or animal health, and / or to the environment.
  • the gaseous stream containing CS 2 to be treated by the biofiltration method of the invention can come from various polluting sources, for example, from process facilities that use or generate CS 2 , such as the cellulose fiber manufacturing sectors, industry synthetic wrap food, etc.
  • the biofiltration method of the invention comprises passing said gas stream containing CS 2 through a biofilter of the invention, the characteristics of which have already been mentioned previously.
  • the amount of CS 2 present in said gaseous stream to be treated may vary within a wide range, as can the residence time or average amount of time that the gaseous stream containing CS 2 to be treated remains in contact with the filling material. .
  • said gaseous stream to be treated contains CS 2 in an amount between about 50 ppmv and about 250 ppmv and the residence time is between about 10 seconds and about 80 seconds Measuring the concentration of CS 2 a
  • the output of the biofilter can be checked for the operation of the filler material and of the microorganisms capable of degrading CS 2 so that, in the event that the efficiency of the biofilter decreases, in the first instance it would be enough to water the filler material with a solution of nutrients, as mentioned below, to restore normalcy.
  • the biofiltration method of the invention comprises a step of humidifying the gaseous stream containing CS 2 to be treated, for which said gaseous stream is contacted with an aqueous medium, for example, water, before being introduced into the biofilter.
  • the aqueous medium used at this stage may be present in a humidification system, such as, for example, one or more columns of aqueous medium (eg, water), which yields (n) to the gaseous stream containing CS 2 the necessary humidity, located before the bio filter.
  • a humidification system such as, for example, one or more columns of aqueous medium (eg, water), which yields (n) to the gaseous stream containing CS 2 the necessary humidity, located before the bio filter.
  • said humidification system comprises a single column of aqueous medium (eg, water); in another particular embodiment said humidification system comprises at least two, for example, 2, 3, 4 or even more, columns of aqueous medium (eg, water), in order to guarantee a correct humidification of the gas stream containing CS 2 to treat and minimize system maintenance.
  • the relative humidity of the gas stream containing CS 2 entering the bio filter is equal to or greater than 90%, preferably equal to or greater than 95%, even more preferably equal to or greater than 99%.
  • a compost with a moisture content of between 35% and 50% as a filler material of the bio filter of the invention used in the biofiltration method of the invention offers good results.
  • the gaseous stream containing CS 2 to be treated passes through the filler material that supports the growing microorganisms capable of degrading CS 2 .
  • the degradation of CS 2 occurs, in general, after transferring the gas stream containing CS 2 to a liquid medium where it is used as a source of carbon and energy.
  • CS 2 contaminant
  • the biofiltration method of the invention comprises performing a previous stage of acclimatization to CS 2 of the microorganisms initially contained in said compost.
  • This step is particularly interesting when the corresponding microorganisms initially contained in the compost used as filler material of the biofilter of the invention used in the bio-filtration method of the invention are to be used as microorganisms capable of degrading CS 2 ; in fact, this stage of previous acclimatization could be avoided if the compost was inoculated with microorganisms capable of degrading standardized CS 2 .
  • Said acclimatization can be carried out in any appropriate installation, for example, in the biofilter of the invention itself, or, alternatively, in a laboratory or in a pilot plant, and, in general, comprises contacting said compost, which contains a population of indigenous microorganisms (indigenous biomass), some of which are capable of degrading CS 2 , with a gaseous stream containing CS 2 .
  • the amount of CS 2 present in said gaseous stream containing it may vary within a wide range; however, in practice it is usually started using a gas stream containing CS 2 in a relatively low amount, generally equal to or less than 100 ppmv, typically between 20 and 100 ppmv.
  • the amount of CS 2 present in said gaseous composition can be reduced, if desired, as the acclimatization of the microorganisms to CS 2 increases .
  • the person skilled in the art can generate, by conventional methods, gaseous streams containing different concentrations of CS 2 , and select that which provides a better acclimatization of the microorganisms present in the compost to CS 2 .
  • the conditions for acclimating to the CS 2 the microorganisms initially contained in the compost used as filler material in the biofilter of the invention used in the implementation of the bio-filtration method of the invention depend, in general, on various factors, for example, of the content in CS 2 in the gas stream used, the residence time, the duration of the treatment, etc.
  • said acclimatization comprises treating said compost with a gas stream comprising CS 2 in an amount equal to or less than about 100 ppmv, with a residence time equal to or less than about 120 seconds, continuously, for approximately at least 100 days, preferably approximately 200 days.
  • said step of acclimatization to the CS 2 of the microorganisms initially contained in the compost used as a filler material of the bio filter of the invention used in the biofiltration method of the invention is carried out with a gas stream comprising CS 2 in an amount between about 25 ppmv and about 100 ppmv, the residence time being between about 20 seconds and about 120 seconds, continuously, for at least 100 days.
  • a nutrient solution such as the one mentioned previously, in order to maintain the metabolism of microorganisms capable of degrading CS 2 .
  • the contribution of said nutrient solution to the compost can be done by irrigation, as previously mentioned.
  • the biomass developed on the compost which comprises microorganisms capable of degrading CS 2
  • the biomass developed on the compost can be used as inoculum of other bio filters, for example, bio filters of the invention, thus obtaining very fast starts with high debugging efficiencies (elimination or reduction) of CS 2 practically from startup.
  • the biofiltration method of the invention includes the possibility of passing the gas stream containing CS 2 through one or more bio filters of the invention.
  • the biofiltration method of the invention comprises passing the gaseous stream containing CS 2 to be treated through a single biofilter of the invention.
  • the biofiltration method of the invention comprises passing the gas stream containing CS 2 to be treated through two or more biofilters of the invention, for example, 2, 3, 4, or even more, operatively connected to each other; in this case, the gaseous stream containing CS 2 to be treated is passed through the first of the biofilters of the invention and the gaseous outflow of said first bio filter of the invention, which will be at least partially discharged into CS 2 , is passed through the second bio filter of the invention, and, similarly, the gaseous stream of said second bio filter of the invention, which will be even more shameless in CS 2 , is passed through the third bio filter of the invention, and so on until the final exit of the total or partially discharged gas stream of CS 2 . Therefore, the bio filtration method of the invention allows to achieve a removal efficiency of CS 2 of 100%, or very close to 100%, in relation to the amount of CS 2 present in the gaseous stream containing CS 2 to be treated .
  • the filler material present in the biofilter of the invention can supply the nutrients necessary for the metabolism of microorganisms capable of degrading CS 2
  • the stable operation of the biofilter of the invention can require the irrigation of the filler material with a nutrient solution.
  • Appropriate macronutrients must contain N, P, K, completed to a lesser extent with micronutrient elements such as Fe or Ni, among others [Barona, A., et al. (2007). Additional determinations in a potential support material for toluene biofiltration: adsorption and partition in the nutrient solution. Chem. Biochem. Eng. Q. 21 (2): 151-157].
  • the nutrient solution contains 100 mg of KH 2 P0 4 , 400 mg of K 2 HP0 2 , 27 mg of MgS0 4 -7H 2 0, 10 mg of CaS0 4 -2H 2 0, 10 mg of FeS0 4 7H 2 0 and 500 g of (NH 4) 2 S0 4 in 1 L of water; a quantity of 5 cm 3 of micronutrient solution containing 2 g / dm 3 of FeCl 2 -4H 2 0, 2 g / dm 3 of CoCl 2 -6H 2 0, 0.5 g / dm 3 of MnCl 2 is added -4H 2 0.60 mg / dm 3 of CuCl 2 , 50 mg / dm 3 of ZnCl 2 , 50 mg / dm 3 of H 3 BO 3 , 2 g / dm 3 of HC0 3 Na, 90 mg / dm 3 ( ⁇ 4) 6 7 0 24 ⁇ ⁇ 4 ⁇ 2 0, 1 g
  • the good pH regulatory characteristics as well as the Good characteristics for retaining moisture by the compost used as a filler material of the bio filter used in the bio filtration method of the invention minimize the need for watering very continuously.
  • the period of time between two consecutive irrigations can vary within a wide range, depending on numerous factors (eg, need to provide nutrients, need to moisten the compost, etc.), in a particular embodiment, the period of time between two consecutive waterings is approximately 60 days, typically approximately 40 days.
  • Sulfate or sulfuric acid is generated during the biofiltration method of the invention; however, in general, it is not necessary to use additional reagents to neutralize sulfuric acid from the oxidation of CS 2 .
  • the generation of leachate associated with the implementation of the biofiltration method of the invention is minimal and, in general, of little or no environmental impact, so it is not necessary to perform any management with said leachate.
  • the present invention provides a stable and durable method for the purification (elimination or reduction of the amount) of the CS 2 contained in a gaseous stream containing said contaminant.
  • FIG. 2 An illustrative scheme of a particular embodiment of the biofiltration method of the invention is shown in Figure 2, in which it can be seen that a moistened (eg saturated moisture) gas stream containing CS 2 is passed through the material of filler contained in the biofilter of the invention wherein CS 2 is degraded by microorganisms capable of degrading CS 2 .
  • a gaseous stream containing CS 2 (2) from a contaminating source (1) is introduced into a humidification system (3) that contains water in order to moisten said gaseous stream containing CS 2 before entering a bioreactor (5).
  • the humidified gas stream containing CS 2 (4) is introduced into said bioreactor (5) which contains 3 biofilters of the invention (6a, 6b and 6c); each of which comprises a filler material and microorganisms capable of degrading CS 2 , wherein said filler material comprises a compost obtainable by aerobic-anaerobic decomposition of a mixture comprising (i) 30-70% by weight of waste from animals and (ii) 70-30% by weight of plant residues.
  • the 3 biofilters of the invention (6a, 6b and 6c) are arranged vertically and operatively connected to each other so that the output current of the first bio filter (6a) feeds the second bio filter (6b) and the output current of said Second bio filter (6b) feeds the third bio filter (6c) from which the gaseous stream practically discharged from CS 2 (7) comes out.
  • the nutrients contained in the nutrient store (8) are supplied to the biofilters of the invention by irrigation in order to maintain the metabolism of microorganisms capable of degrading CS 2 .
  • the bio filtration method of the invention can be carried out in a suitable installation comprising at least one bio filter of the invention, that is, a bio filter comprises a filler material and microorganisms capable of degrading CS 2 , wherein said filler material It comprises a compost obtainable by aerobic-anaerobic decomposition of a mixture comprising (i) 30-70%) by weight of animal waste and (ii) 70-30%) by weight of plant waste.
  • Said installation hereinafter “installation of the invention" constitutes an additional aspect of this invention.
  • the installation of the invention may contain one or more biofilters of the invention whose characteristics have been previously defined. Therefore, in a particular embodiment, the installation of the invention comprises a single bio filter of the invention. In another particular embodiment, the installation of the invention comprises two or more biofilters of the invention, for example, 2, 3, 4, or even more, operatively connected to each other; in this case, the gaseous stream containing CS 2 to be treated is passed through the first bio filter of the invention and the gaseous stream of said first bio filter of the invention is passed through the second bio filter of the invention, and, similarly, the gaseous outflow of said second Biofilter of the invention is passed through the third biofilter of the invention, and so on until the final exit of the total or partially discharged gas stream of CS 2 .
  • the installation of the invention comprises a single bio filter of the invention.
  • the installation of the invention comprises two or more biofilters of the invention, for example, 2, 3, 4, or even more, operatively connected to each other; in this case, the gaseous stream containing
  • the modular design of the installation of the invention allows biofilters farther from the entrance of the gas stream containing CS 2 to receive very low concentrations of CS 2 but sufficient for the adaptation of microorganisms capable of degrading CS 2 .
  • the modular design allows the biodegradation of CS 2 in the first biofilter while the remaining biofilters can act as a reserve, which guarantees the efficiency of the system even with sudden increases in pollutant load (CS 2 ).
  • the installation of the invention advantageously includes, if desired, a humidification system, such as, for example, one or more columns of aqueous medium (eg, water), which yields (n) to the gas stream containing CS 2 the necessary humidity, located before the biofilter of the invention.
  • a humidification system such as, for example, one or more columns of aqueous medium (eg, water), which yields (n) to the gas stream containing CS 2 the necessary humidity, located before the biofilter of the invention.
  • the installation of the invention includes suitable means for transporting the gas stream and, if desired, a source of nutrients in case it is necessary to contribute to the biofilter of the invention to maintain the metabolism of microorganisms capable of degrading CS 2 present in the biofilter of the invention.
  • the installation of the invention may include means for measuring and / or controlling the inlet temperature to the biofilter of the invention of the gas stream containing CS 2 to be treated, means for measuring the pH inside the biofilter. , and means for measuring the amount of CS 2 present in the gas stream of the biofilter.
  • the invention contemplates that, after the acclimatization period, the biomass developed on the compost, which comprises microorganisms capable of degrading CS 2 , is used as inoculum of other biofilters, for example, biofilters of the invention, thus obtaining very fast starts with high purification efficiencies (elimination or reduction) of CS 2 practically from the start.
  • the acclimatization to the CS 2 of the microorganisms capable of degrading CS 2 can be carried out by means of a treatment comprising contacting the compost that contains a population of native microorganisms (indigenous biomass), some of which are capable of degrading CS 2 , with a gas stream containing CS 2 , as previously mentioned in relation to the implementation of the bio filtration method of the invention.
  • the invention relates to a method for generating a population of microorganisms capable of degrading CS 2 which comprises combining: a) a compost obtainable by aerobic-anaerobic decomposition of a mixture comprising (i) 30-70 % by weight of animal waste and (ii) 70-30% by weight of plant waste, which comprises microorganisms capable of degrading CS 2 acclimatized to CS 2 according to the acclimatization method defined above (acclimatized compost), with
  • a compost obtainable by aerobic-anaerobic decomposition of a mixture comprising (i) 30-70%) by weight of animal waste and (ii) 70-30% or by weight of plant waste (fresh compost),
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of an installation suitable for the implementation of the biofiltration method of the invention.
  • said installation basically consists of a humidification system (3) and a bioreactor (5) containing 3 biofilters (6a, 6b and 6c), placed vertically, with an approximate total volume of 4.5 L, built in chloride polyvinyl (PVC) and with downward gas flow; the biofilters (6a, 6b and 6c) are operatively connected to each other and, inside, there is the filling material comprising a compost in the form of pellets (supplied by the company SLIR), which acts as a support material on the The biomass responsible for the degradation of CS 2 (microorganisms capable of degrading CS 2 ) is developed.
  • Said compost has been obtained by aerobic-anaerobic decomposition of a mixture comprising (i) 30-70% by weight of animal waste and (ii) 70-30% by weight of plant waste.
  • Table 1 shows some physicochemical properties of the pelletized compost used.
  • CS 2 this can be used to treat gaseous streams containing CS 2 (bio-filter feed stream), with an amount of CS 2 between approximately 50 ppmv and approximately 250 ppmv, with residence times of approximately 10 seconds to approximately 80 seconds.
  • the maintenance of moisture in the filling material of the bio-filter (compost) is achieved by monthly irrigation with the nutrient solution required for the metabolism of active biomass.
  • the effectiveness of the treatment of purification of CS 2 is greater than 90% in the first third of design volume [bio-filter (6a)], with the remaining 2/3 parts [bio filters (6b and 6c)] being the reserve system by that pass very low concentrations of CS 2 , which guarantee its acclimatization and potential purification activity of CS 2 . Therefore, said reserve system can be used as inoculum to start up new bioreactors for the purification of gaseous streams containing CS 2 as a contaminant.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un biofiltre qui comprend un matériau de remplissage et des micro-organismes capables de dégrader CS2, lequel matériau de remplissage comprend un compost pouvant être obtenu par décomposition aérobique-anaérobique d'un mélange contenant (i) entre 30 et 70% en poids de résidus d'animaux et (ii) entre 70 et 30% en poids de résidus de végétaux. L'invention concerne aussi un procédé permettant de purger un courant de gaz qui contient CS2 par biofiltration consistant à faire passer le courant de gaz à travers le biofiltre.
PCT/ES2011/070748 2010-10-29 2011-10-28 Biofiltre et procédé pour purger par biofiltration un courant de gaz qui contient du disulfure de carbone Ceased WO2012056081A1 (fr)

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ESP201031602 2010-10-29

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CN102701433A (zh) * 2012-05-31 2012-10-03 中国环境科学研究院 一种生物滤池除臭填料及制备方法
CN112870947A (zh) * 2021-02-03 2021-06-01 中国环境科学研究院 一种去除堆肥挥发性硫化物的复合式装置

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CN102701433A (zh) * 2012-05-31 2012-10-03 中国环境科学研究院 一种生物滤池除臭填料及制备方法
CN102701433B (zh) * 2012-05-31 2014-02-12 中国环境科学研究院 一种生物滤池除臭填料及制备方法
CN112870947A (zh) * 2021-02-03 2021-06-01 中国环境科学研究院 一种去除堆肥挥发性硫化物的复合式装置

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