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WO2012055115A1 - Dispositif de commande intégré d'excitation et de turbine pour générateur synchrone et son procédé de commande - Google Patents

Dispositif de commande intégré d'excitation et de turbine pour générateur synchrone et son procédé de commande Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012055115A1
WO2012055115A1 PCT/CN2010/078244 CN2010078244W WO2012055115A1 WO 2012055115 A1 WO2012055115 A1 WO 2012055115A1 CN 2010078244 W CN2010078244 W CN 2010078244W WO 2012055115 A1 WO2012055115 A1 WO 2012055115A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
auxiliary
power
generator
valve opening
generator operation
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2010/078244
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English (en)
Inventor
Yao Chen
Jiuping Pan
Charles Sao
Lars Gertmar
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ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
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ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
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Publication date
Application filed by ABB Research Ltd Switzerland filed Critical ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
Priority to PCT/CN2010/078244 priority Critical patent/WO2012055115A1/fr
Publication of WO2012055115A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012055115A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/04—Control effected upon non-electric prime mover and dependent upon electric output value of the generator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/10—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load
    • H02P9/105—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load for increasing the stability

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the field of power system, and more particularly to an integrated excitation and turbine control method for synchronous generator.
  • the transient behaviors are described in reference to the power-angle characteristics as shown in Figure 1A and 1 B.
  • the generator is working at an equilibrium point, where the mechanical power is equal to the electromagnetic power.
  • the electromagnetic power will decrease along with the depressed generator terminal voltage.
  • the power mismatch which is the difference of the mechanical power and the electromagnetic power, will lead to rotor acceleration.
  • the diagonal area represents generator acceleration area and the grid area represents generator deceleration area.
  • the grid area becomes the same size of the diagonal area by taking valve closing control, and the generator stops acceleration and survives the first swing.
  • the backward acceleration area is too large leading to rotor deflection towards negative power angle.
  • the generator is still stable, it might take long time to damp out such synchronous power swings which are detrimental to system stability.
  • the first swing is unstable and the generator starts asynchronous operation. It is obvious that without proper control, the total acceleration area is much bigger than the deceleration area, and the rotor can not return to the synchronous speed. Thus, the out-of-step protection will be activated and trip the generator off-line.
  • the governor and exciter are two most important controllers used in the turbine-generator system for fulfilling secure, reliable and stable generator operation. Since generator frequency and voltage regulation are usually considered to be decoupled, these two controllers are always designed separately at present. However, separate excitation and turbine control might limit further improvement of generator's transient stability and dynamic performances. The fixed parameter settings might not be optimal in a wide range of operating conditions. And the independent controller design might not always provide consistent and complementary response to keep synchronization and sufficient damping to oscillations.
  • US5547337A disclosed a method and a device for the closed-loop control of a turbine-generator configuration.
  • a turbine control element is supplied with a first correcting variable and an exciter control element is supplied with a second correcting variable.
  • the correcting variables in each case are formed from at least one reference value.
  • the first correcting variable for the turbine control element is composed of at least two partial correcting variables.
  • One of the partial correcting variables is derived from the reference value for forming the second correcting variable for the exciter control element, and vice versa.
  • six transfer functions are needed to implement this multi-variable controller, which are sensitive to the displacements of operating points and system switchovers.
  • a specially designed adaptive strategy needs to be built in the multi-variable controller, which further increases the complexity of the overall solution.
  • the present invention provides an integrated excitation and turbine controller for synchronous generator and the control method thereof.
  • an integrated excitation and turbine control method for synchronous generator comprises the following steps: categorizing the fault severity according to the accelerating energy caused by the power mismatch, detecting the generator operation mode according to the signs of the power angle derivation and the directions of the electromagnetic power, calculating the auxiliary excitation voltage according to the fault severity and the generator operation mode, calculating the auxiliary governor valve opening according to the fault severity and the generator operation mode; and calculating the intercept valve opening according to the fault severity and the generator operation mode.
  • the fault severity can be categorized as large disturbance, moderate disturbance and smail disturbance.
  • the large disturbance and moderate disturbance are aiso categorized as severe disturbance.
  • the power mismatch is the difference of the mechanical power and the electromagnetic power.
  • the operation modes of the generator are categorized as first swing, asynchronous swings and synchronous swings by detecting the signs of power angle derivation and the directions of electromagnetic power.
  • the auxiliary excitation voltage is calculated as following: if the fault severity is categorized as large disturbance or moderate disturbance, and if the generator operation modes are categorized as first swing or asynchronous swings, the auxiliary excitation voltage shall be proportional to the electromagnetic power; else if the generator operation modes are categorized as the synchronous swings, the auxiliary excitation voltage shall be proportional to the power mismatch. Otherwise if the fault severity is categorized as small disturbance, regardless the generator operation modes, the auxiliary excitation voltage shall be proportional to the power mismatch.
  • the auxiliary excitation voltage shall be proportional to the difference of the electromagnetic power and the mechanical power; the auxiliary excitation voltage further comprises a lead compensation to provide a phase lead I. Else if the generator operation modes are categorized as synchronous swings, the auxiliary excitation voltage shall be proportional to the difference of the electromagnetic power and the mechanical power; the auxiliary excitation voltage further comprises a lead compensation to provide a phase lead II which is smaller than said phase lead I.
  • the auxiliary excitation voltage shall be proportional to the difference of the electromagnetic power and the mechanical power; the auxiliary excitation voltage further comprises a lead compensation to provide a phase lead II which is smaller than said phase lead I.
  • the auxiliary governor valve opening is calculated as following: the auxiliary governor valve opening is proportional to the power angle derivation; the proportional parameter is negative to suppress the deviation.
  • the auxiliary governor valve opening shall be proportional to the power angle derivation; the proportional parameter is negative to suppress the deviation. Else if the generator operation mode is categorized as synchronous swings, the auxiliary governor valve opening is proportional to the power angle derivation; the proportional parameter shall be negative to suppress the deviation; the auxiliary governor valve opening further comprises a lead compensator. Otherwise if the fault severity is categorized as small disturbance, regardless the generator operation modes, the auxiliary governor valve opening shall be proportionai to the power angle derivation; the auxiliary governor valve opening further comprises a lead compensator.
  • the intercept valve opening is calculated as following: if the fault severity is categorized as large disturbance or moderate disturbance, and if the generator operation modes are categorized as first swing or asynchronous swings, the intercept valve opening shall be off to close the valve. Otherwise, the intercept valve opening shall be on to open the valve.
  • the auxiliary excitation voltage is added to the Automatic Voltage Regulator to realize in-time response of excitation voltage for generator stabilization under disturbances.
  • the auxiliary governor valve opening is added to the power/frequency droop regulator.
  • the auxiliary excitation voltage and the auxiliary governor valve opening are all set to zero.
  • an integrated excitation and turbine controller for synchronous generator.
  • the integrated excitation and turbine controller comprises a categorizing module for categorizing the fault severity according to the accelerating energy caused by the power mismatch; an operation mode detecting module for detecting the generator operation mode according to the signs of power angle derivation and the directions electromagnetic power; an auxiliary excitation controller for calculating the auxiliary excitation voltage according to the fault severity and the generator operation mode; an auxiliary governor controller for calculating the auxiliary governor valve opening according to the fault severity and the generator operation mode; and an intercept valve controller for calculating the intercept valve opening according to the fault severity and the generator operation mode.
  • the auxiliary excitation controller comprises an excitation signal module, two excitation compensation modules and an excitation logic module.
  • the excitation signal module is to calculate the power mismatch of the mechanical power and the electromagnetic power.
  • the excitation compensation modules are to provide two different phase lead compensations.
  • the excitation logic module is to calculate the auxiliary excitation voltage based on the power mismatch and the phase lead compensations.
  • the governor valve controller comprises a governor signal module, a governor compensation module and a governor logic module.
  • the governor signal module is to calculate the power angle derivation.
  • the governor compensation module is to provide phase lead compensation.
  • the governor logic module is to calculate the auxiliary governor valve opening based on the power angle derivation and the phase lead compensation.
  • Fig. 1A - 1 B shows the rotor acceleration led by the power mismatch; wherein, Fig. 1A shows the stable first swing followed by the deep synchronous swings; Fig. 1 B shows the asynchronous swings followed by the generator out of step tripping;
  • Fig. 2 shows the basic concept of the integrated excitation and turbine controller for a steam-turbine synchronous generator system
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of the integrated excitation and turbine controller
  • Fig. 4 is the conceptual flowchart of auxiliary excitation voltage control method
  • Fig. 5 is the conceptual flowchart of auxiliary governor valve opening control method.
  • Fig. 2 shows the basic concept of the integrated excitation and turbine controller 23 for a steam-turbine synchronous generator 20, which is connected to the equivalent power grid 28 via step-up transformer 26 and transmission lines 27.
  • AVR Automatic Voltage Regulator
  • the high-level integrated excitation and turbine controller provides auxiliary excitation control signals 22 and turbine control signals 21 based on the measurements 29 and the built-in control strategies.
  • the measurements 29 here Include mechanical power P m , electromagnetic power P e , and power angle ⁇ .
  • the outputs here include auxiliary excitation voltage AE F * , auxiliary governor valve opening AUG , and intercept valve opening U
  • the auxiliary excitation voltage AE F ' will be added to the Automatic Voltage Regulator to realize in-time response of excitation voltage for generator stabilization under disturbances.
  • the auxiliary governor valve opening AU G * will be added to the power/frequency droop regulator.
  • V * will be an on/off signal to limit large power mismatch of generator but wili not replace the over-speed protection logic.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of the integrated excitation and turbine controller.
  • the integrated excitation and turbine controller 23 for synchronous generator comprises a categorizing module 31 for categorizing the fault severity according to the accelerating energy caused by the power mismatch; an operation mode detecting module 32 for determining the generator operation mode according to the signs of power angle derivation and the directions electromagnetic power; an auxiliary excitation controller 33 for calculating the auxiliary excitation voltage according to the fault severity and the generator operation mode; an auxiliary governor controller 34 for calculating the auxiliary governor valve opening according to the fault severity and the generator operation mode; and an intercept valve controller 35 for calculating the intercept valve opening according to the fault severity and the generator operation mode.
  • the power-angle characteristics in Fig. 1A -1 B can be divided into four zones, according to the signs of power angle derivation and the directions electromagnetic power.
  • the IETC controller quickly increases the excitation voltage and reduce the turbine valve opening to increase forward deceleration area, so as to ensure the first swing stability. If the first swing is stable, the IETC controller reduces the mismatch between the acceleration area and the deceleration area as much as possible to provide fast and effective damping to the synchronous power swings. For example in Zone-ll (backward swing and generator mode), the IETC controller reduces the excitation voltage and increase the turbine valve opening to reduce the backward acceleration area. In Zone-Ill (backward swing and motor mode), the IETC controller increases the excitation voltage and the turbine valve opening to increase the backward deceleration area.
  • the generator will enter into Zone-IV as shown in Figure 1 B (forward swing and motor mode).
  • the IETC controller reduces both the excitation voltage and the turbine valve opening to limit the forward acceleration area and help the generator to be re-synchronized after certain number of asynchronous swings.
  • P e generator electromagnetic power
  • ⁇ power angle
  • E f excitation voltage reference
  • U v turbine valve opening reference.
  • the fault severity categorization is to ensure that the outputs of the integrated excitation and turbine controller are always sufficient under various system disturbances. Insufficient control may not effectively stabilize the generator under large disturbances while exaggerated control may adversely affect system stability under small disturbances. It is practical to use the integration of the difference between mechanical power and electromagnetic power as the criterion of fault severity categorization.
  • the operation mode detecting module is to ensure that the outputs of the integrated excitation and turbine controller are sufficient to enhance generator transient stability and effective to damp out generator oscillations under disturbances.
  • three typical generator operation modes after disturbances can be determined according to Table 3, including first S swing mode, asynchronous swing mode and synchronous swing mode.
  • the calculation method for the auxiliary excitation voltage control is shown in Table 4. If the power angle keeps increasing, the auxiliary excitation voltage will increase proportionally to the electromagnetic power to maximally reduce the acceleration area. If the power angle starts decreasing, the auxiliary excitation voltage will decrease proportionally to the difference of the mechanical power and the electromagnetic power, which can provide effective damping to the power swings.
  • the calculation method uses different functions and parameter settings according to the severity of disturbances and the operation mode of generator.
  • algorithm design focuses on transient stability issue, considering the possibilities of both rotor deflections towards the negative power angle and the unstable first swing plus consequent asynchronous swings.
  • the calculation method mainly focuses on dynamic performance issue, and only considers the generator operations in the first quadrant of power-angle characteristic. By setting the proportional parameter to zero for example under small disturbances, the output of auxiliary excitation voltage controller under this type of disturbance can be disabled accordingly.
  • auxiliary turbine valve control The calculation method for auxiliary turbine valve control is shown in Table 5, which is in line with the working principle analysis given above.
  • the output is proportional to the power angle derivation to reduce the power mismatch and damp out the oscillations.
  • the proportional parameter is adjusted according to the severity of disturbances. By setting the proportional parameter to zero for example under small disturbances, the output of auxiliary governor controller will be disabled under this type of disturbance.
  • Intercept valve control is only enabled under large disturbances.
  • the intercept valve will be closed if the power angle keeps increasing so as to limit the mechanical power, and will be opened again if the rotor stops accelerating and starts to return to another equilibrium point. Under normal operation, the intercept valve control is kept open so as to avoid frequent change of the turbine valve which will lead to accelerated wear and tear.
  • an improved calculation method for auxiliary excitation voltage is provided as shown in Table 6.
  • the input signal is simplified to one signal P e -P m , instead of two signals P ei and P m -P e as shown in Table 4.
  • the parameter setting is also simplified.
  • Different compensators are designed to meet the requirements on stability enhancement and oscillation damping.
  • Fig. 4 is the conceptual flowchart of the improved auxiliary excitation voltage control method.
  • the auxiliary excitation controller 33 comprises an excitation signal module 331 , two excitation compensation modules 332 and an excitation logic module 333.
  • the excitation signal module 331 is to calculate the power mismatch of the mechanical power and the electromagnetic power.
  • the excitation compensation modules 332 are to provide two different phase lead compensations.
  • the excitation logic module 333 is to calculate the auxiliary excitation voltage based on the power mismatch and the phase lead compensations.
  • an improved calculation method for auxiliary governor valve is provided as shown in Table 7.
  • the input signal is the same, d6/dt is adopted.
  • a lead compensator is adopted to compensate the phase lag of turbine system so as to achieve better damping characteristics.
  • Fig. 5 is the conceptual flowchart of the auxiliary governor valve control method.
  • the auxiliary governor valve controller 34 comprises a governor signal module 341 , a governor compensation module 342 and a governor logic module 343.
  • the governor signal module 341 is to calculate the power angle derivation.
  • the governor compensation module 342 is to provide phase lead compensation.
  • the governor logic module 343 is to calculate the auxiliary governor valve opening based on power angle derivation and the phase lead compensation.
  • the proposed integrated excitation and turbine control method is beneficial to the generator transient stability enhancement and dynamic performance improvement.
  • the possible economic advantages for power plants mainly include two aspects as follows:
  • Integrated excitation and turbine control is a cost-effective way and no additional primary equipment is required. Compared with prior methods, the method also has the advantages that:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de commande intégré d'excitation et de turbine (23) pour un générateur synchrone (20), ainsi que son procédé de commande. Le procédé comprend les étapes suivantes : classer la gravité d'un défaut en fonction de l'énergie d'accélération causée par le défaut d'adaptation ; détecter le mode de fonctionnement du générateur en fonction des signes de la déviation de l'angle électrique et de la direction de l'énergie électromagnétique ; calculer la tension d'excitation auxiliaire en fonction de la gravité du défaut et du mode de fonctionnement du générateur ; calculer l'ouverture de la vanne auxiliaire du régulateur en fonction de la gravité du défaut et du mode de fonctionnement du générateur ; et calculer l'ouverture de la vanne d'interception en fonction de la gravité du défaut et du mode de fonctionnement du générateur. Le classement de la gravité de la perturbation et le mode de fonctionnement du générateur sont tous deux exploités dans le procédé, sur la base de mesures locales (29), afin de déterminer la meilleure combinaison d'excitation auxiliaire et de commande de la turbine dans différentes situations de perturbation et de fonctionnement du système. Les sorties du dispositif de commande intégré d'excitation et de turbine (23) seront ajoutées dans les dispositifs de commande existants du générateur afin d'améliorer la stabilité du générateur face aux phénomènes transitoires, ainsi que les performances dynamiques. Lorsque les perturbations disparaissent, les sorties du dispositif de commande intégré d'excitation et de turbine (23) sont progressivement éliminées de manière automatique afin de rendre minimal l'impact sur la régulation de la tension du générateur à l'état stable et de la fréquence.
PCT/CN2010/078244 2010-10-29 2010-10-29 Dispositif de commande intégré d'excitation et de turbine pour générateur synchrone et son procédé de commande Ceased WO2012055115A1 (fr)

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103762579A (zh) * 2013-12-22 2014-04-30 南京南瑞集团公司 一种提高电网暂态功角稳定性的直流功率紧急控制性能指标计算方法
CN104782043A (zh) * 2012-10-09 2015-07-15 Abb研究有限公司 用于具有负载再同步能力的发电机自适应失步保护的方法、系统和计算机可读介质
EP2936644A4 (fr) * 2012-12-20 2016-09-07 Abb Technology Ltd Procédé et appareil de régulation dynamique des var d'une centrale électrique et amélioration de la stabilité aux transitoires
CN107301302A (zh) * 2017-07-12 2017-10-27 北京交通大学 一种汽轮发电机定子绕组附加损耗的计算方法
CN110380410A (zh) * 2019-07-17 2019-10-25 国家电网有限公司 一种发电机调速器参数动态聚合方法及其系统
CN112039379A (zh) * 2020-07-15 2020-12-04 哈尔滨理工大学 一种异步化汽轮发电机励磁故障控制
CN113109688A (zh) * 2021-04-19 2021-07-13 东南大学 一种同步调相机励磁系统晶闸管开路故障诊断方法
CN113985775A (zh) * 2021-10-27 2022-01-28 中广核工程有限公司 一种考虑快关汽门动作的核电机组控制方法及系统

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US3956637A (en) * 1972-12-20 1976-05-11 Hitachi, Ltd. Intercept valve controlling method and system for use in a heat power plant
US5547337A (en) * 1992-05-27 1996-08-20 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and closed-loop control device for the closed-loop control of a turbine-generator configuration
CN101162883A (zh) * 2006-10-12 2008-04-16 通用电气公司 稳定电网频率的方法和设备

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US3956637A (en) * 1972-12-20 1976-05-11 Hitachi, Ltd. Intercept valve controlling method and system for use in a heat power plant
US5547337A (en) * 1992-05-27 1996-08-20 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method and closed-loop control device for the closed-loop control of a turbine-generator configuration
CN101162883A (zh) * 2006-10-12 2008-04-16 通用电气公司 稳定电网频率的方法和设备

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104782043A (zh) * 2012-10-09 2015-07-15 Abb研究有限公司 用于具有负载再同步能力的发电机自适应失步保护的方法、系统和计算机可读介质
EP2907235A4 (fr) * 2012-10-09 2016-07-06 Abb Research Ltd Procédés, systèmes et support lisible par ordinateur pour la protection adaptative en cas de déphasage de groupes électrogènes à capacité de re-synchronisation de charge
EP2936644A4 (fr) * 2012-12-20 2016-09-07 Abb Technology Ltd Procédé et appareil de régulation dynamique des var d'une centrale électrique et amélioration de la stabilité aux transitoires
US9502899B2 (en) 2012-12-20 2016-11-22 Abb Schweiz Ag Method and apparatus for power plant dynamic var regulation and transient stability improvement
CN103762579A (zh) * 2013-12-22 2014-04-30 南京南瑞集团公司 一种提高电网暂态功角稳定性的直流功率紧急控制性能指标计算方法
CN103762579B (zh) * 2013-12-22 2015-11-11 国家电网公司 一种提高电网暂态功角稳定性的直流功率紧急控制性能指标计算方法
CN107301302A (zh) * 2017-07-12 2017-10-27 北京交通大学 一种汽轮发电机定子绕组附加损耗的计算方法
CN107301302B (zh) * 2017-07-12 2019-10-25 北京交通大学 一种汽轮发电机定子绕组附加损耗的计算方法
CN110380410A (zh) * 2019-07-17 2019-10-25 国家电网有限公司 一种发电机调速器参数动态聚合方法及其系统
CN110380410B (zh) * 2019-07-17 2023-02-10 国家电网有限公司 一种发电机调速器参数动态聚合方法及其系统
CN112039379A (zh) * 2020-07-15 2020-12-04 哈尔滨理工大学 一种异步化汽轮发电机励磁故障控制
CN113109688A (zh) * 2021-04-19 2021-07-13 东南大学 一种同步调相机励磁系统晶闸管开路故障诊断方法
CN113985775A (zh) * 2021-10-27 2022-01-28 中广核工程有限公司 一种考虑快关汽门动作的核电机组控制方法及系统
CN113985775B (zh) * 2021-10-27 2024-01-02 中广核工程有限公司 一种考虑快关汽门动作的核电机组控制方法及系统

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