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WO2012050431A2 - Ingrédient pour compost et son utilisation dans les cultures - Google Patents

Ingrédient pour compost et son utilisation dans les cultures Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012050431A2
WO2012050431A2 PCT/MY2011/000229 MY2011000229W WO2012050431A2 WO 2012050431 A2 WO2012050431 A2 WO 2012050431A2 MY 2011000229 W MY2011000229 W MY 2011000229W WO 2012050431 A2 WO2012050431 A2 WO 2012050431A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
compost
humic acid
plant
fibres
soil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/MY2011/000229
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2012050431A3 (fr
Inventor
Osumanu Haruna Ahmed
Auldry Chaddy Petrus Rudut
Nik Muhamad Ab. Majid
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
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Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of WO2012050431A2 publication Critical patent/WO2012050431A2/fr
Publication of WO2012050431A3 publication Critical patent/WO2012050431A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
    • C05F9/04—Biological compost
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
    • C05F11/02—Other organic fertilisers from peat, brown coal, and similar vegetable deposits
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to the field of crop cultivation. More particularly, the present invention relates to a compost ingredient and the use of the compost ingredient in the cultivation of crops.
  • Plants for example potted plants that include nursery stock, are normally cultivated using composts or growing media.
  • the compost is normally peat and/or bark although other materials such as loam, perlite and vermiculite are also used.
  • the alternative materials have generally given inferior plant growth results than peat- based composts. This is usually due to inferior water-holding capacity and/or immobilization of nitrogen, resulting in nitrogen deficiency of plants. Alternative materials may also be more expensive than peat.
  • nursery stock plants are grown over several months or years. During this period, the plants require a steady supply of plant nutrients. This has led to the development of slow release fertilizers that have avoided the need to apply plant nutrients throughout the growing period of a plant. However, they add significantly to the cost of the compost.
  • organic materials such as raw wool wastes
  • Pelleted wool waste from wool washing plants has been used as a compost additive. It contains long wool fibres and contaminants, which mean that forming into large pellets, are necessary. This is a disadvantage because it reduces the integral and uniform mixing of the wool fibre with other compost components and the contact between the rots of plants and the nutrients in the waste.
  • pelleting adds to the cost.
  • a compost ingredient capable of providing an alternative to peat and a nutrient source, particularly of nitrogen, in the cultivation of plants, while improving plant growth and/or crop quality.
  • the present invention provides a compost for cultivating crops, the compost including fibres and water, the use of such compost in crop cultivation and methods of cultivating crops using the fibres and water.
  • the fibres and water are by-products derived from sago palms in the production starch.
  • Figure 1 is a graph that shows the compost and ambient temperature during sago palm fibre waste composting according to the present invention.
  • the fibres are waste materials of sago palm fibres such as those derived as by-products from the mechanized production of sago-based starch.
  • the fibres provide the following:
  • the waste materials of sago palm fibres were collected from Nit Sei in Mukah, Sarawak, Malaysia. The fibres were air-dried and some of it was ground for the purpose of initial chemical characterization and ashing. The unground fibres were used for compost production. Ground sago waste was incinerated at 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550 and 600°C using a muffle furnace. The best ash (almost white) was chosen for potassium and calcium hydroxide production. The ash was dissolved in distilled water at ratios of 1 :100, 1:200, 1 :300, 1 :400 and 1 :500. The samples were equilibrated for 24 hours at 150 rpm using a mechanical shaker.
  • the samples were filtered using Whatman filter paper number 2.
  • the ratio of 1 :500 was chosen because its hydroxides had the highest molality of 0.002M (pH 10).
  • the 0.002 M of the hydroxide obtained from the ash was analyzed for K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS).
  • AAS Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
  • the composting process was done inside a white polystyrene box with a size of 61.5 x 49 x 33.5 cm.
  • the compost was produced by mixing sago palm fibres in the amount of 80% by weight with the following:
  • the ambient and compost temperature were taken daily in the morning and evening. The temperature of the compost was monitored until it equaled ambient temperature after which the compost was analyzed for pH, total N, organic carbon, organic matter, ash, cation exchange capacity (CEC), phosphorus (P) and humic acid (HA) using standard procedures. Moisture content of the compost ranged between 50-70% and turning was done once a week.
  • the humic acid (HA) was isolated by the method of Stevenson (1994) but with some modifications.
  • the compost and the 0.002 M hydroxide extracted from the ash of sago palm fibres were placed inside a polyethylene bottle in a ratio of 1 :10 (weight: volume basis). The mixture was shaken at 240 rpm for 24 hours at room temperature. Later, the mixture was centrifuged for 15 minutes at 10,000 rpm.
  • the dark-colored supernatant liquid containing humic acid (HA) was decanted, filtered using Whatman filter paper number 2. The pH of the liquid was adjusted to 1.0 using 6N HCL and allowed to stand at room temperature for 24 hours.
  • the suspension containing humic acid (HA) was transferred into a polyethylene bottle and centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 10 minutes.
  • the humic acid (HA) was purified by the method of Ahmed et al. (2004), by using distilled water and through centrifugation at 10,000 rpm for 10 minutes to reduce mineral matter and HCL during acidification. After the purification step, the humic acid (HA) was oven-dried at 40°C until a constant weight was attained. The ash and organic carbon contents of the humic acid (HA) were determined by dry combustion method.
  • humic acid 20 mg was dissolved in 4 mL of 0.08M NaOH and shaken for 30 minutes at 180 rpm The solution was titrated with 0.10 M HCL to pH 2.5 within 15 minutes.
  • Carboxyl content was calculated based on the amount of acid required to titrate the suspension between pH 8 and the end point (approximately pH 3). Phenol content was calculated by assuming that 50% of the phenols dissociated at pH 10. Total acidity was calculated by summation of the carboxyl and phenols.
  • E4/E6 determined by the method of Campitelli and Ceppi (2008) and analysed using UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Perkin- Elmer Lambda 11 ).
  • humic acid HA
  • T4 humic acid
  • the compost and the 0.002 M hydroxide (extracted from the ash of sago fibre waste) were placed inside a polyethylene bottle at a ratio of 1 :10 (weight: volume basis). The mixture was shaken at 240 rpm for 24 hours at room temperature. Later, it was centrifuged for 15 minutes at 10,000 rpm. The resulting dark liquid containing humic acid (HA) and fulvic acids (FA) was decanted. This liquid composed of humic acid (HA) and fulvic acids (FA) was analyzed for pH, total N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Na, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn.
  • Humin which is a solid deposit after centrifugation, was collected during the process of isolating humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) composted sago fibre waste.
  • the humin was analyzed for pH; cation exchange capacity (CEC); exchangeable cation (K, Ca, Mg, Na) using the leaching method; total nitrogen using the Kjeldahl method and total K, Ca, Mg, Na, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, and P.
  • CEC cation exchange capacity
  • K, Ca, Mg, Na exchangeable cation
  • a pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse of Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Malaysia using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Each pot size was 21.5 x 28 cm. Each was filled with 10 kg soil (based on bulk density of the soil) except for T4 and T5 where the soil had to be reduced to compensate for additional 200 g of humin for T5 and 100 g of humin for T6. Masmadu variety or Zea mays, was used as the test crop. Its N, P, and K requirement were 60 kg N, 60 kg P 2 0 5 and 40 kg K 2 0 (130.44 kg ha "1 urea: 130.44 kg ha 1 TSP: 66.67 kg ha "1 KCL).
  • the fertilizer requirement was scaled down to per pot basis equivalent to 4.85 g of urea, 4.85 g of TSP and 2.5 g of KCL.
  • the volume of water used for each pot was based on field capacity (50-60%).
  • the six treatments devised for this experiment are as follows:
  • T2 NPK (4.85 g urea, 4.85 g TSP, 2.5 g KCL) - solid
  • T3 400 mL liquid of fulvic acid (FA) + humic acid (HA) mixed with 4.85 g of urea and 2.5g of KCL
  • T4 Liquid humic acid (HA) mixed with 4.85 g of urea, 4.85 g TSP and 2.5 g of KCL T5: 400 mL Ca-K hydroxide (extracted from ash) mixed with 4.85 g of urea, 4.85 g TSP, 2.5 g of KCL + 200 g humin in soil
  • T6 400 mL liquid of fulvic acid + humic acid mixed with 4.85 g of urea, 4.85 g TSP, 2.5 g of KCL + 100 g humin in soil.
  • T3 to T6 were in liquid form where urea and KCL were added, shaken for 15 minutes at 150 rpm, and pH measured.
  • TSP for T3, T4, T5 and T6 was applied separately by surface application. It is important to note that, the 400 mL solution was chosen as Piccolo (1996) recommended that less than 1 g of per kilogram soil is adequate to condition soils. In this study, 10 g of humic acid was adulterated with 400 mL of hydroxide based on the chosen ratio of 1 :40 before being applied to 10 kg of soil.
  • the volume of liquid fertilizer for treatments was based on the volume of T4. All treatments were applied on the 10 th day after planting (DAP) but on 28 th day after planting (DAP); only plants of T2 were fertilized. The plants were monitored and their heights were measured until tassel stage. Tassel stage is the maximum growth stage for plants before they enter productive stage.
  • the liquid obtained from the ashed sago fibre waste was high in K and Ca but very low in Zn, Cu and Mn, as shown in Table 1.
  • the highest content of macroelement was Ca (42.88 mg kg “1 ) followed by K (29.51 mg kg "1 ), Na and Mg.
  • the microelements such as Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn were lower than 0.1 mg kg "1 .
  • the molarity of the hydroxide was 0.002 M with a pH of 10.
  • the pH higher than 7 was suitable as extractant for humic acid (HA) because the humic acid (HA) is soluble in base only.
  • a comparison between the yields of humic acid (HA) extracted from the composted sago fibre waste using the hydroxide of the waste and that of the analytical grade were not statistically different.
  • Table 1 Selected elements of potassium and calcium hydroxide produced from ashed sago fibre waste
  • the compost of sago fibre waste took about 60 days to mature.
  • the compost temperature was below thermophilic stage, as shown in Figure 1.
  • the compost temperature was in the mesophilic phase for eight weeks and gradually decreased to equal ambient temperature.
  • Maximum microbial diversity is in the temperature range of 35-40°C.
  • Low temperature in the compost involves the growth and respiration of microorganisms such as aerobic mould-fungi and bacteria, whereas high temperature is due to oxidation of cellulosic materials.
  • the selected chemical characteristics of the compost in Table 2 below suggest that it is mature with good quality.
  • the pH of the compost increased from 4.58 to 7.39.
  • the C/N ratio decreased from 790.1 to 27.3.
  • the C/P ratio also decreased from 4485.42 to 57.82.
  • the ash content increased from 4.53 to 20.93% suggesting mineralization of organic matter, which indicates the decrease of organic matter in the compost.
  • the Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) also increased from 14.9 to 238.86 cmol kg "1 .
  • the humic acid (HA) also increased from 0.02% to 1.15%.
  • humic acid (HA) of composted sago fibre waste The chemical characteristics of the humic acid (HA) of composted sago fibre waste are shown in Table 3. The values of the chemical characteristics of the humic acid (HA) from the composted fibre waste were in the standard range. Table 3: Chemical characteristics of humic acid (HA) of composted sago fibre waste
  • the relatively high values of the selected chemical properties of the unpurified humin suggest the high quality of this humin fraction for plant growth and development, as shown in Table 4.
  • neutral pH, high organic matter and CEC of the humin help to loosen soils as well as improving nutrient retention when it is applied to soils.
  • the good C/N ratio of the humin ensures that immobilization will not occur when it is used in agriculture.
  • Table 4 Selected chemical characteristics of humin of composted sago fibre waste
  • T5 and T6 were monitored from 10 days after planting (DAP) until the 57 day after planting (DAP). Ten days after first fertilization, the height of plants for T5 and T6 started to increase rapidly compared to other treatments. This was because the humin of T5 and T6 contributed to slow release of nutrients. Although both T3 and T6 had liquid humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA), the plants of T6 were better than those of T3 due to addition of humin to the soil of T6. The inclusion of humin might have loosen the soil, hence the better growth of the plants. Obviously, the plants of T1 were stunted due to no fertilization.
  • HA liquid humic acid
  • FA fulvic acid
  • Table 6 Dry weight of leaves, stem and roots of maize plant at 57 th day after planting (DAP)
  • humic acid HA
  • fulvic acid FA
  • N, P and K from humin plus that of inorganic fertilizer provided additional nutrients for the plants.
  • the addition of inorganic fertilizer into compost is a combination of quick and slow release sources, which supplies N throughout the crop growth period. Besides, observation shows that, N, K and Mg concentrations were high in soil due to mineralization of humin in the soil.
  • fulvic acids (FAs) have high affinity for mineral chelating and plant growth. They can readily enter plant roots, stem, and leaves, and because of their high exchange capacity as they enter into plant parts they could carry trace minerals into plant tissues. Fulvic acids (FAs) in acidic condition have the ability to retain NH 4 ions from urea during hydrolysis. Fulvic acids (FAs) present in low concentration in humic substances have higher acidity than humic acid (HA) and thus they likely to affect stronger soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) than humic acid (HA).
  • CEC soil cation exchange capacity
  • humic acid (HA) tend to be more aromatic and more prone to precipitation under acidic conditions common in many soils making them less mobile.
  • N, P and K fertilizer without any additives (acidic and high CEC materials) can cause nutrients to be easily lost especially N and K through volatilization and leaching but based on the soil characteristics, the soil treatment with T2 had high content of N and ammonium compared with other treatments.
  • the poor nutrient use efficiency observed for T2 was partly because of poor root development.
  • high Ca in soil may have reacted with phosphate from fertilizer to form calcium phosphate, a compound which is an insoluble compound which is generally not available to plants especially roots.
  • Phosphorus is very important for root development. Stunted root may affect the whole growth system of plant negatively. This might be one of the reasons for poor plant growth, nutrient uptake and used-efficiency also observed for plants of T2, T3 and T4.
  • Table 8 Effect of different treatments on N, P, and K use efficiency in leaves, stem and roots of maize plant 57 th day after planting (DAP)
  • Nd not determined Referring to Table 9, the total N, P and K use efficiency by the test crop were significantly improved by 32-37% for N, 28-33% for K and 1.647-2.508% for P, respectively as compared to the standard fertilizer recommendation of the crop that does not include humic, humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA).
  • Table 9 Effect of different treatments on total N, P, and K use efficiency in maize plant at 57 th day after planting (DAP)
  • the soil used for this study was from Bekenu series. Soil samples were taken at 0.30 cm. Prior to planting, the soil physico-chemical characteristics such texture; cation exchange capacity (CEC); exchangeable K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu and Zn, organic matter.organic carbon and ash via combustion method ( chefsetz et al., 1996); available P; pH; total P using blue method, total N using Kjeldahl method, nitrate and ammonium content (Keeney and Nelson, 1982) were determined. Out of the selected chemical properties analyzed at 57 DAP, soil available P was significantly affected by T5 and T6 compared to other treatments. The better growth and development of the maize plant subjected to these two treatments was consistent with this observation. Phosphorus is noted for facilitating good plant root systems which in turn leads to overall plant growth and development.
  • CEC cation exchange capacity

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention concerne un compost destiné aux cultures qui renferme des fibres et de l'eau, son utilisation pour les cultures et des techniques culturales faisant intervenir des fibres et de l'eau. Les fibres et l'eau sont des produits secondaires tirés du sagoutier lors de la production d'amidon.
PCT/MY2011/000229 2010-10-12 2011-10-12 Ingrédient pour compost et son utilisation dans les cultures Ceased WO2012050431A2 (fr)

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MYPI2010004792 2010-10-12
MYPI2010004792 2010-10-12

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WO2012050431A2 true WO2012050431A2 (fr) 2012-04-19
WO2012050431A3 WO2012050431A3 (fr) 2012-08-30

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110035985A (zh) * 2016-11-21 2019-07-19 Ag出口国际公司 可溶性腐殖素
US11064717B2 (en) 2013-02-20 2021-07-20 Palm Silage, Inc. Palm-based animal feed
US11071313B2 (en) 2013-02-20 2021-07-27 Palm Silage, Inc. Palm-based animal feed
US12201128B2 (en) 2013-02-20 2025-01-21 Palm Silage, Inc. Palm-based animal feed
US12409480B2 (en) 2013-02-20 2025-09-09 Palm Silage, Inc. Systems and methods for organic waste processing and recycling and byproducts thereof

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000072581A (ja) * 1998-08-26 2000-03-07 Toshio Watanabe 製紙スラッジを微生物により分解した微生物有機質堆肥製造方法
JP2006504527A (ja) * 2002-10-30 2006-02-09 ソイル サブ テクノロジーズ プロプライエタリー リミテッド ヤシ廃棄物の処理方法
MY140848A (en) * 2006-11-13 2010-01-29 Gim Triple Seven Sdn Bhd Organic fertilizer

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11064717B2 (en) 2013-02-20 2021-07-20 Palm Silage, Inc. Palm-based animal feed
US11071313B2 (en) 2013-02-20 2021-07-27 Palm Silage, Inc. Palm-based animal feed
US12201127B2 (en) 2013-02-20 2025-01-21 Palm Silage, Inc. Palm-based animal feed
US12201128B2 (en) 2013-02-20 2025-01-21 Palm Silage, Inc. Palm-based animal feed
US12409480B2 (en) 2013-02-20 2025-09-09 Palm Silage, Inc. Systems and methods for organic waste processing and recycling and byproducts thereof
CN110035985A (zh) * 2016-11-21 2019-07-19 Ag出口国际公司 可溶性腐殖素
EP3526182A4 (fr) * 2016-11-21 2020-06-03 AG Export International, LLC Humine soluble

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