WO2012046326A1 - 太陽電池 - Google Patents
太陽電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012046326A1 WO2012046326A1 PCT/JP2010/067644 JP2010067644W WO2012046326A1 WO 2012046326 A1 WO2012046326 A1 WO 2012046326A1 JP 2010067644 W JP2010067644 W JP 2010067644W WO 2012046326 A1 WO2012046326 A1 WO 2012046326A1
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- H01G9/2031—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
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- H01G9/204—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising zinc oxides, e.g. ZnO
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- H10K2102/103—Transparent electrodes, e.g. using graphene comprising transparent conductive oxides [TCO] comprising indium oxides, e.g. ITO
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/543—Solar cells from Group II-VI materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an inorganic solid solar cell excellent in safety and environmental resistance based on an operation principle utilizing a photoexcitation structure change of a metal oxide.
- Solar cells as a clean energy source are attracting attention as awareness of global environmental issues such as global warming due to depletion of fossil fuels and carbon dioxide increases.
- Solar cell materials can be classified into silicon, compound, and organic materials, but silicon is the most widely used because of its abundance as resources and cost.
- light is emitted by irradiating the junction surface of a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor with light, generating electrons by the photovoltaic effect, moving electrons in a certain direction by rectifying action, and taking them out from the electrodes. Energy is converted into electrical energy.
- FIG. 12 is a band diagram for explaining the principle of a silicon solar cell.
- the conduction band 58, the valence band 60, and the Fermi level 62 are as shown in FIG. 12, and electrons 64 and holes 65 diffuse to each other in the vicinity of the junction.
- the combined diffusion current is generated, and the electrons 64 and the holes 65 cancel each other, so that a depletion layer 80 with few electrons and holes is formed in the vicinity of the junction.
- a potential is formed such that the n-type semiconductor region is positive and the p-type semiconductor region is negative.
- BSF Back Surface Field
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 that reduces the recombination loss of the carrier by providing an electric field layer on the back surface, and reaches the back surface without generating carriers.
- BSR Back Surface Reflection
- a solar cell having a band structure ideal for improving energy conversion efficiency a light absorption layer made of a chalcopyrite structure semiconductor is provided, and in the light absorption layer, the first semiconductor layer approaches the second semiconductor layer.
- a solar cell is proposed in which a double graded band gap having a band gap that is smaller and the second semiconductor layer has a larger band gap than the first semiconductor layer is formed (for example, Patent Documents). 4 etc.).
- the light absorption layer is in the forbidden band by forming a heterojunction pn junction in which an n-type semiconductor having a larger forbidden band width (band gap) than that of the light absorption layer is stacked on the light incident side of the p-type light absorption layer.
- a solar cell structure having a localized level or an intermediate band for example, see Patent Document 5.
- the transmission loss is a loss resulting from transmission of photons (photons) having energy below the band gap.
- Quantum loss is a loss caused by electron-hole pairs generated by photons having energy greater than or equal to the band gap holding energy corresponding to the band gap, and the rest being converted into thermal energy.
- the electron-hole pair recombination loss is a recombination loss on or inside the silicon surface. Loss caused by an incomplete pn junction is also a manufacturing problem.
- the reflection loss on the surface of the solar cell is a loss due to part of sunlight reflected from the transparent electrode surface.
- a solar cell structure having a localized level or an intermediate band in the forbidden band of the light absorption layer is a loss as a method of effectively reducing the band gap.
- the surface of the p-type ZnTe substrate is cleaned and / or etched with an organic solvent, and the surface of the p-type ZnTe substrate has zinc in the gas phase, tellurium (Te) in the gas phase, and radicals.
- Oxygen is reacted by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) to form a p-type ZnTe1-xOx light-absorbing layer, and then gas phase zinc and radical oxygen are reacted by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE).
- MBE molecular beam epitaxy
- This is a structure in which an n-type ZnO layer is stacked on a p-type ZnTe1-xOx light absorption layer, and is complicated in structure and manufacturing.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a solar cell with high conversion efficiency by a new technique capable of reducing cost and stable operation with a simple configuration and forming an energy level in a band gap.
- the present invention provides a photoexcitation structure for an n-type metal oxide semiconductor covered with a substrate, a conductive first electrode, and an insulating material.
- a photoexcitation structure for an n-type metal oxide semiconductor covered with a substrate, a conductive first electrode, and an insulating material By forming a layer of an electromotive force layer that forms an energy level in the band gap and traps electrons by changing, a P-type semiconductor layer, and a conductive second electrode, by irradiating with light An electromotive force is generated by photoexcitation of electrons in a band gap in an electromotive force layer.
- the conversion efficiency is high and a stable operation can be performed.
- the structure is simplified by using the substrate as a conductive material and also serving as the first electrode.
- At least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is a transparent electrode, and an electromotive force is generated by irradiating light from the transparent electrode side. Furthermore, since the solar cell according to the present invention is colored by the movement of electrons to the electromotive force layer by light irradiation, the light absorption efficiency is improved.
- the n-type metal oxide semiconductor provided between the first electrode and the electromotive force layer is titanium dioxide
- the p-type semiconductor is nickel oxide or copper aluminum oxide.
- the n-type metal oxide semiconductor in the electromotive force layer is any one of tin oxide, titanium dioxide, and zinc oxide, or a combination thereof
- the insulating material that covers the n-type metal oxide semiconductor is: It is an insulating resin or an inorganic insulator.
- an organic metal salt in which an organic substance is bonded to an element of an n-type metal oxide semiconductor and an insulator are dissolved in an organic solvent, and the first electrode provided on the substrate or on the first electrode
- the step of coating on the n-type metal oxide semiconductor layer provided on the substrate, the step of drying and firing after coating, and the layer of the n-type metal oxide semiconductor covered with an insulating material after firing are irradiated with ultraviolet rays. It is manufactured by a manufacturing process comprising a step of changing the photoexcited structure.
- Resin sheet can be used for the substrate and flexible solar cells can be realized.
- the surface of the first electrode concavo-convex, the surface area is widened, and more efficient absorption of light energy can be achieved.
- the adhesion with the electromotive force layer is improved, and losses due to structural defects are reduced. Less.
- the solar cell according to the present invention also has a charging function in the electromotive force layer, the function as a battery can be maintained by the energy from the electromotive force layer when light irradiation cannot be performed.
- the solar cell of the present invention since it is an electromotive force principle using a new energy level in a band gap formed by a technique using a photoexcitation structure change of a metal oxide, transmission loss, quantum loss, electron -It is possible to realize a solar cell with little recombination loss of hole pairs, improved sunlight absorption by the coloring function, and less reflection loss on the surface of the solar cell.
- the figure which shows the structure of the solar cell by this invention The figure explaining the electromotive force layer of the solar cell by this invention.
- the figure explaining the function of the solar cell by this invention The figure which shows the basic composition of the solar cell by this invention.
- the present invention is a solar cell based on a new electromotive force principle in which a photoexcitation structure change technology is adopted for the electromotive force layer.
- Photoexcitation structure change is a phenomenon in which the interatomic distance of a substance excited by light irradiation changes, and by utilizing the property that an n-type metal oxide semiconductor, which is an amorphous metal oxide, causes photoexcitation structure change.
- a new energy level is formed in the band gap of the n-type metal oxide semiconductor.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional structure of a solar cell according to the present invention.
- a solar cell 10 includes a substrate 12 having a conductive first electrode 14, an n-type metal oxide semiconductor layer 16, an electromotive force layer 18 that generates electromotive force by light irradiation, and a P-type metal.
- the oxide semiconductor layer 20 and the second electrode 22 are stacked.
- the substrate 12 may be an insulating material or a conductive material.
- a glass substrate, a polymer film resin sheet, or a metal foil sheet can be used.
- the first electrode 14 and the second electrode 22 may be formed of a conductive film.
- the metal electrode includes a silver (Ag) alloy film containing aluminum (Al).
- the formation method include vapor deposition methods such as sputtering, ion plating, electron beam evaporation, vacuum evaporation, and chemical vapor deposition.
- the metal electrode can be formed by an electrolytic plating method, an electroless plating method, or the like. In general, copper, copper alloy, nickel, aluminum, silver, gold, zinc, tin, or the like can be used as a metal used for plating.
- the transparent conductive electrode a conductive film of indium tin oxide (ITO) doped with tin can be used.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- the n-type metal oxide semiconductor layer 16 is made of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), tin oxide (SnO 2 ), or zinc oxide (ZnO) as a material.
- the electromotive force layer 18 is filled with a fine particle n-type metal oxide semiconductor covered with an insulating film, and is a layer having an electromotive force function by being changed in photoexcitation structure by ultraviolet irradiation.
- the n-type metal oxide semiconductor is covered with a silicone insulating film.
- titanium dioxide, tin oxide, and zinc oxide are preferable, and a composite material in which any two of titanium dioxide, tin oxide, and zinc oxide are combined. Or it is good also as a composite material which combined three.
- the p-type metal oxide semiconductor layer 20 formed on the electromotive force layer 18 is provided to prevent injection of electrons from the upper second electrode 22.
- a material of the p-type metal oxide semiconductor layer 20 nickel oxide (NiO), copper aluminum oxide (CuAlO 2 ), or the like can be used.
- the substrate 12 was made of glass. On this glass substrate 12, a conductive film of indium tin oxide (ITO) doped with tin was formed as an electrode 14 by sputtering, and titanium dioxide was further formed on the ITO as an n-type metal oxide semiconductor layer by sputtering. .
- the p-type metal oxide semiconductor layer 22 was formed by sputtering nickel oxide, and the second electrode 22 was formed by ITO similarly to the first electrode 14.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the structure of the electromotive force layer 18 in FIG. 1 in detail.
- the electromotive force layer 18 uses silicone as the insulating coating 28 and titanium dioxide as the n-type metal oxide semiconductor 26, and has a structure filled with titanium dioxide covered with silicone. Titanium dioxide has a function of storing energy by being irradiated with ultraviolet rays and undergoing a photoexcitation structure change.
- Examples of the material of the n-type metal oxide semiconductor 26 used for the electromotive force layer 18 include titanium dioxide, tin oxide, and zinc oxide, which are generated by decomposition from a metal aliphatic acid salt in a manufacturing process. For this reason, as a metal aliphatic acid salt, what can be decomposed
- aliphatic acid for example, aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, aliphatic polycarboxylic acid such as aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, aliphatic tricarboxylic acid, and aliphatic tetracarboxylic acid can be used.
- examples of the saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid include formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, stearic acid and the like.
- unsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid highly unsaturated monocarboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, butenoic acid, crotonic acid, isocrotonic acid, linolenic acid, and oleic acid can be used.
- aliphatic acid salts are easily decomposed or burned by heating, have high solvent solubility, have a dense film after decomposition or combustion, are easy to handle, are inexpensive, and are easy to synthesize salts with metals. For this reason, a salt of an aliphatic acid and a metal is preferred.
- the insulating coating 28 may be mineral oil, magnesium oxide (MgO), silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) or the like as an inorganic insulator
- the insulating resin may be polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polybutadiene, polyvinyl chloride, Thermosetting resins such as thermoplastic resins such as polymethyl methacrylate, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyimide, and cellulose acetate, phenol resins, amino resins, unsaturated polyester resins, allyl resins, alkyd resins, epoxy resins, and polyurethanes may be used.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a process of the method for manufacturing the electromotive force layer 18.
- a substrate on which a layer of ITO and titanium dioxide is formed by sputtering on a glass substrate 12 is prepared.
- fatty acid titanium and silicone oil are mixed in a solvent and stirred to prepare a coating solution (S1).
- the coating solution is spin-coated on the titanium dioxide layer by a spinner while rotating the prepared substrate (S2).
- a thin layer of 0.3 to 1 ⁇ m is formed by the rotation of the substrate.
- this layer is considered to have a structure in which a metal layer of titanium dioxide coated with silicone is embedded in the silicone layer, and there is no void.
- the firing temperature is 300 ° C. to 400 ° C., and the firing time is 10 minutes to 1 hour.
- the aliphatic acid salt is decomposed to form a fine particle layer of titanium dioxide covered with a silicone insulating film.
- the above-mentioned production method in which a titanium dioxide layer covered with a silicone insulating coating is formed is a so-called coating pyrolysis method.
- the next manufacturing process is an ultraviolet irradiation process (S5).
- the ultraviolet irradiation is performed at a wavelength of 254 nm and an intensity of 20 mW / cm 2 for about 40 minutes.
- the interatomic distance of titanium dioxide in the electromotive force layer is changed to cause a photoexcited structure change phenomenon.
- a new energy level is formed in the band gap of titanium dioxide.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B are band diagrams for explaining a phenomenon in which a new energy level is formed by a change in photoexcitation structure of a substance irradiated with ultraviolet rays.
- FIG. 4A is a band diagram showing a structure composed of ITO 52, intermediate crystal layer 54, and SnO 2 —MgO composite layer 56.
- a Fermi level 62 exists between the conduction band 58 and the valence band 60, the Fermi level 62 of the ITO 52 is close to the conduction band 58, and the Fermi level 62 of the SnO 2 —MgO composite layer 56 is equal to the conduction band 58 and the valence electron. It exists in the middle of the band 60.
- the ultraviolet ray 66 is irradiated, the electrons 64 in the valence band 60 in the intermediate crystal layer 54 are excited by the conductor 58.
- the irradiation of the ultraviolet ray 66 excites the electrons 64 in the valence band 60 in the region of the intermediate crystal layer 54 to the conduction band 58, and the excited electrons 64 It is accommodated in the ITO conduction band 54 by the inclination of the conduction band 58.
- the valence band 60 holes 65 from which electrons 64 have been accumulated accumulate.
- a time difference is generated between ultraviolet excitation and recombination, and the rearrangement of atoms is performed by this time difference.
- the holes 65 remaining in the valence band 60 of the intermediate crystal layer 54 move into the band gap and form a new energy level 70. Further, when the holes 65 move into the band gap, a coloring level is reached, and a coloring phenomenon occurs near the ITO 52 of the SnO 2 —MgO composite layer 56.
- FIG. 5 shows a state after recombination in which a new energy level 70 is formed in the band gap in the intermediate crystal layer 54 by ultraviolet irradiation.
- the increase in the electron density in the band gap is observed only at the interface between the ITO 52 and the SnO 2 —MgO composite layer 56 and the chemical shift of the inner shell electrons is also observed. Therefore, it is considered that the atomic spacing has changed.
- a new energy level 70 can be formed in the band gap by irradiating the SnO 2 —MgO composite layer 56 with ultraviolet rays.
- a newly formed energy level 70 is described. Therefore, it is necessary to control an electron by forming an insulating layer between the electrode and the n-type metal oxide semiconductor.
- the electromotive force layer 18 shown in FIG. 1 is an n-type metal oxide semiconductor made of titanium dioxide on which an insulating coating 28 made of silicone is formed.
- the band diagram has a barrier by an insulating layer between titanium dioxide and ITO.
- FIGS. 6 (A) and 6 (B) are band diagrams for explaining a formation state of a new energy level due to a photoexcitation structure change when an insulating layer 68 exists between the ITO 52 and the titanium dioxide 57. In the conduction band 58, there is a barrier due to the insulating layer 68.
- FIG. 6A is a band diagram in a state in which the ultraviolet ray 66 is irradiated when the insulating layer 68 is provided between the titanium dioxide 57 and the ITO 52.
- the electrons 64 in the valence band 60 of the titanium dioxide 57 are excited to the conduction band 58.
- the electrons 64 pass through the insulating layer 66 with a certain probability and temporarily move to the ITO 52.
- the photoexcited structural change of the titanium dioxide 57 occurs during the absence of electrons, and the interatomic distance of the site from which the electrons 64 of the valence band 60 have escaped changes.
- the energy level 70 at this time has moved into the band gap.
- FIG. 6B shows a state in which the above-described phenomenon occurs repeatedly while the ultraviolet ray 66 is irradiated, and a large number of energy levels 70 are formed in the band gap.
- the electrons to be trapped in these energy levels 70 are excited by the ultraviolet light 66 and move to the ITO 52.
- the energy level 70 in the band gap in the absence of electrons thus generated remains even after the ultraviolet irradiation is finished.
- the role of the insulating layer 68 is to create a barrier between the ITO 52 and the titanium dioxide 57 to allow the excited electrons 64 to pass therethrough and form an energy level 70 in the band gap in the absence of electrons.
- the electrons 64 that have moved to the ITO 52 remain in the ITO 52 due to the charging potential around the insulating layer 68.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically showing a state in which the titanium dioxide 57 covered with the insulating coating 28 has undergone a photoexcitation structural change due to ultraviolet irradiation, and electrons have moved to the ITO 52.
- the electrons 64 pass through the barrier formed by the insulating coating 28 by tunneling and move to the ITO 52, and remain with a weak trapping force generated by the potential of the insulating coating 28.
- a p-type metal oxide semiconductor layer 20 is further laminated on the electromotive force layer 18 to form a blocking layer, and a second electrode 22 is further provided.
- the principle of the solar cell having such a structure will be described with reference to the band diagram of FIG.
- FIG. 8A shows that the ITO 52 and the second electrode 24 constituting the first electrode 14 are sandwiched between the ITO 74 and the insulating layer 68 and the titanium dioxide 57 in the electromotive force layer 18, and the p-type metal oxide semiconductor.
- 2 is a band diagram in the case of irradiating sunlight 36 to a solar cell composed of nickel oxide 72 functioning as 22.
- the conduction band 58 has a barrier of the insulating layer 68 and the blocking layer 72 made of the p-type metal oxide semiconductor 22 with the electromotive force layer 18 interposed therebetween.
- a solar cell basically has a structure in which a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor are sandwiched between electrodes, and a photovoltaic effect is generated at the pn junction. That is, it is a potential in a direction that blocks electrons in the n-type region from moving to the p-type region and holes from the p-type region to the n-type region.
- electron-hole pairs carriers
- Electrons and holes reach the pn junction by diffusion, and electrons are separated into n-type regions and holes are separated into p regions by the electric field of the pn junction.
- the p-type metal oxide semiconductor and the n-type metal oxide semiconductor form a pn junction. It is covered with a film to form a barrier. Titanium dioxide used as an n-type metal oxide semiconductor is irradiated with ultraviolet rays to change its photoexcitation structure, and forms an energy level in the band gap. For this reason, electrons are injected into the energy level by light irradiation with energy below the band gap. Through this process, the electromotive force layer 18 is filled with electrons 64. As a result, a potential difference, that is, an electromotive force is generated between the electrodes, and a function as a solar cell can be achieved.
- FIG. 8B is a band diagram when a load (not shown) is connected to ITO 52 and ITO 74 and used as a power source, that is, electrons are discharged. Electrons are emitted by the potential difference between the electrodes due to the connection of the load, and a current flows.
- the electrons 64 are supplied from the charging layer 18 through the insulating layer by the tunnel effect, but the electrons supplied from the energy level 70 in the band gap are irradiated with the sunlight 36, and therefore the band gap energy is supplied. It is replenished one after another by the following low energy. Even when the load is connected, the energy level 70 in the band gap is always filled with electrons.
- the electrons 64 captured in the band gap become free electrons in the conduction band with a certain probability.
- the free electrons move to the ITO 52.
- Electron-hole pairs are formed in the charge layer 18, the electrons 64 diffuse in the band gap and reach the energy level 70, and the holes 65 are separated into the nickel oxide 72 region by the valence band 60. In this process, excess electrons are collected in the ITO 52 and negatively charged in the nickel oxide 72 region, and the electrons 64 flow from the ITO 52 to the nickel oxide 72 to the ITO 74 used as the second electrode 22 through a load.
- the energy level formed in the band gap of titanium dioxide is filled with electrons by irradiation of sunlight, and the electrons are released by connecting a load to the electrode. It functions as a battery that extracts energy. For this reason, unlike conventional solar cells, light energy greater than the energy gap is not required, and electrons are excited to fill the energy levels formed in the band gap.
- the battery function can be realized.
- FIG. 9 shows the configuration of a basic solar cell 50 according to the present invention.
- a solar cell 50 includes a substrate 12 on which a conductive first electrode 14 is formed, and an electromotive force layer 18 that generates energy, a p-type metal oxide semiconductor layer 20, and a second electrode 22 are stacked. It is a configuration.
- ITO is laminated on the glass substrate 12 as the first electrode 14, and the electromotive force layer 18 is made of titanium dioxide covered with an insulating film and having a photoexcited structure changed, and a P-type metal oxide semiconductor made of nickel oxide.
- the layer 20 and the second electrode made of ITO are stacked.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the basic operation of the solar cell according to the present invention described in FIG.
- the electromotive force layer 18 is filled with electrons 64.
- the load 32 is connected to the first electrode 14 and the second electrode 22, the electrons 64 move to the load side through the first electrode, and a current 34 flows through the load 32. .
- the connection of the load 32 to the solar cell 50 is controlled by turning on and off the switch 38. Even when a current is passed through the load 32, the electrons 64 in the electromotive force layer 18 are always supplied by irradiation with sunlight 36.
- the electromotive force layer 18 is buried with the electrons 64, the electromotive force layer 18 is colored by a coloring phenomenon with titanium dioxide having a photoexcited structure changed, and the light absorption rate is improved.
- the electron-hole pair since a new energy level is formed in the band gap, the electron-hole pair does not lose energy below the energy gap as seen in the photoexcitation energy of conventional solar cells. Since only the energy is retained and the rest does not change to thermal energy, the transmission loss and the quantum loss are low.
- the insulating layer is coated on an n-type metal oxide semiconductor, it also has a feature of low recombination loss.
- FIG. 11 shows a structure in which the first electrode is a TEXTURE type and a fine pyramid is formed on the surface.
- the TEXTURE type structure surface 74 on the surface of the first electrode 14 has improved pyramid-shaped unevenness and improved adhesion to the electromotive force layer 18, and can efficiently absorb incident light when irradiated with sunlight. Since the loss of light energy can be reduced, the loss of light energy is reduced and the conversion efficiency is improved.
- an insulating film is applied to titanium dioxide in the electromotive force layer to provide a barrier in the conduction band.
- This function can be formed by forming a thin layer of titanium dioxide by sputtering between the first electrode and the electromotive force layer to reinforce the barrier function. This is the structure of the secondary battery shown in FIG. is there.
- an insulating film is formed of silicone.
- the film is not always uniform and varies, and in a remarkable case, the film is not formed, and may be in direct contact with the electrode. In such a case, electrons are injected into the titanium oxide due to recombination, energy levels are not formed in the band gap, and the conversion efficiency decreases. Therefore, in order to obtain a solar cell with higher conversion efficiency, a thin layer of titanium dioxide is formed between the first electrode and the electromotive force layer as shown in FIG.
- This thin layer of titanium dioxide serves as an insulating layer, has little variation in device characteristics, and is effective in improving the stability and yield in the production line.
- the solar cell according to the present invention is based on the principle of power generation that utilizes energy levels formed in the band gap, not the movement of electrons beyond the band gap.
- Transmission loss, quantum loss, electron-hole pair recycling There is little loss such as coupling loss, loss caused by imperfect pn junction, sunlight reflection loss, etc., and high conversion efficiency.
- this invention contains the appropriate deformation
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Abstract
Description
12 基板
14 第1電極
16 n型金属酸化物半導体層
18 起電力層
20 p型金属酸化物半導体層
22 第2電極
26 n型金属酸化物半導体
28 絶縁被膜
32 負荷
34 電流
36 太陽光
52、74 ITO
54 中間結晶層
56 SnO2―MgO複合層
57 二酸化チタン
58 伝導帯
60 価電子帯
62 フェルミレベル
64 電子
65 正孔
66 紫外線
68 絶縁層
70 エネルギー準位
72 酸化ニッケル
74 TEXTURE型構造面
76 n型半導体
78 p型半導体
Claims (12)
- 基板と、
導電性の第1電極と、
絶縁性物質で覆われたn型金属酸化物半導体を光励起構造変化させることによりバンドギャップ中にエネルギー準位を形成して電子を捕獲する起電力層と、
p型半導体層と、
導電性の第2電極と、
を積層して構成され、
光を照射することにより起電力層におけるバンドギャップ中の電子を光励起して起電力を発生させること、
を特徴とする太陽電池。
- 請求項1に記載の範囲において、
前記第1電極と前記起電力層の間にn型金属酸化物半導体の層を設けたこと、
を特徴とする太陽電池。
- 請求項1又は請求項2のいずれかに記載の範囲において、
前記基板を導電性材料として前記第1電極を兼用させること、
を特徴とする太陽電池。
- 請求項1又は請求項2のいずれかに記載の範囲において、
前記第1電極又は前記第2電極の少なくともいずれか一方が透明電極であり、
透明とした電極側から光を照射すること、
を特徴とする太陽電池。
- 請求項1又は請求項2のいずれかに記載の範囲において、
前記第1電極と前記起電力層との間に設けたn型金属酸化物半導体は、二酸化チタンであること、
を特徴とする太陽電池。
- 請求項1又は請求項2のいずれかに記載の範囲において、
前記P型半導体は、酸化ニッケル又は銅アルミ酸化物であること、
を特徴とする太陽電池。
- 請求項1又は請求項2のいずれかに記載の範囲において、
前記起電力層における前記n型金属酸化物半導体は、酸化スズ、二酸化チタン又は酸化亜鉛のいずれか1つ、又は、これらを組み合わせた複合物であること、
を特徴とする太陽電池。
- 請求項1又は請求項2のいずれかに記載の範囲において、
前記n型金属酸化物半導体を覆う絶縁性物質は、絶縁性樹脂又は無機絶縁物であること、
を特徴とする太陽電池。
- 請求項1又は請求項2のいずれかに記載の範囲において、前記起電力層は、
n型金属酸化物半導体の元素に有機物を結合した有機金属塩と絶縁物を有機溶媒に溶解し、前記基板に設けられた前記第1電極上、又は、第1電極上にn型金属酸化物半導体の層を設ける場合はn型金属酸化物半導体の層上に塗布する工程と、
塗布後に乾燥し焼成する工程と、
絶縁性物質で覆われた前記n型金属酸化物半導体の金属塩の層を焼成した後に、紫外線を照射し光励起構造変化させる工程と、
からなる製造工程により製造されることを特徴とする太陽電池。
- 請求項1又は請求項2のいずれかに記載の範囲において、
前記基板は樹脂シートであること、
を特徴とする太陽電池。
- 請求項1又は請求項2のいずれかに記載の範囲において、
前記第1電極の表面を凹凸形状とすること、
を特徴とする太陽電池。
- 請求項1又は請求項2のいずれかに記載の範囲において、
光照射のできないときは、起電力層からのエネルギーで電池としての機能を維持すること、
を特徴とする太陽電池。
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012537527A JP5342071B2 (ja) | 2010-10-07 | 2010-10-07 | 太陽電池 |
| PCT/JP2010/067644 WO2012046326A1 (ja) | 2010-10-07 | 2010-10-07 | 太陽電池 |
| EP10858134.9A EP2626910B1 (en) | 2010-10-07 | 2010-10-07 | Photovoltaic cell |
| KR1020137011424A KR101727204B1 (ko) | 2010-10-07 | 2010-10-07 | 태양 전지 |
| CN201080069428.1A CN103155162B (zh) | 2010-10-07 | 2010-10-07 | 太阳能电池 |
| US13/854,165 US9711668B2 (en) | 2010-10-07 | 2013-04-01 | Photovoltaic cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2010/067644 WO2012046326A1 (ja) | 2010-10-07 | 2010-10-07 | 太陽電池 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/854,165 Continuation US9711668B2 (en) | 2010-10-07 | 2013-04-01 | Photovoltaic cell |
Publications (1)
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|---|---|
| WO2012046326A1 true WO2012046326A1 (ja) | 2012-04-12 |
Family
ID=45927341
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
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|---|---|
| US (1) | US9711668B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP2626910B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5342071B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR101727204B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN103155162B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2012046326A1 (ja) |
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| WO2013183132A1 (ja) * | 2012-06-06 | 2013-12-12 | 株式会社日本マイクロニクス | 固体型二次電池の電極構造 |
| JP2015195335A (ja) * | 2014-03-24 | 2015-11-05 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 蓄電素子及び蓄電素子の製造方法 |
| JP2016028408A (ja) * | 2014-03-24 | 2016-02-25 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 蓄電素子及び蓄電素子の製造方法 |
| JP2016516903A (ja) * | 2013-04-02 | 2016-06-09 | エムエスティ− コリア シ−オ−., エルティ−ディ−.MST KOREA Co., Ltd. | レーザー直接構造化方法 |
| WO2018042945A1 (ja) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-08 | 株式会社日本マイクロニクス | 二次電池 |
| JP2021089901A (ja) * | 2021-03-10 | 2021-06-10 | 株式会社日本マイクロニクス | 二次電池 |
| JP2024110386A (ja) * | 2023-02-02 | 2024-08-15 | ジョジアン ジンコ ソーラー カンパニー リミテッド | 太陽電池及びその製造方法、光起電力モジュール |
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| CN109643829B (zh) * | 2016-08-31 | 2021-12-14 | 日本麦可罗尼克斯股份有限公司 | 二次电池 |
| US11245113B2 (en) | 2016-08-31 | 2022-02-08 | Kabushiki Kaisha Nihon Micronics | Secondary battery |
| JP2021089901A (ja) * | 2021-03-10 | 2021-06-10 | 株式会社日本マイクロニクス | 二次電池 |
| JP7100170B2 (ja) | 2021-03-10 | 2022-07-12 | 株式会社日本マイクロニクス | 二次電池 |
| JP2024110386A (ja) * | 2023-02-02 | 2024-08-15 | ジョジアン ジンコ ソーラー カンパニー リミテッド | 太陽電池及びその製造方法、光起電力モジュール |
| JP7562796B2 (ja) | 2023-02-02 | 2024-10-07 | ジョジアン ジンコ ソーラー カンパニー リミテッド | 太陽電池及びその製造方法、光起電力モジュール |
| US12119423B2 (en) | 2023-02-02 | 2024-10-15 | Zhejiang Jinko Solar Co., Ltd. | Solar cell and photovoltaic module |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US9711668B2 (en) | 2017-07-18 |
| KR101727204B1 (ko) | 2017-04-14 |
| CN103155162A (zh) | 2013-06-12 |
| EP2626910B1 (en) | 2019-02-20 |
| KR20140009977A (ko) | 2014-01-23 |
| JPWO2012046326A1 (ja) | 2014-02-24 |
| JP5342071B2 (ja) | 2013-11-13 |
| US20130276878A1 (en) | 2013-10-24 |
| CN103155162B (zh) | 2017-06-06 |
| EP2626910A1 (en) | 2013-08-14 |
| EP2626910A4 (en) | 2014-06-18 |
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