WO2012046346A1 - Tea extract - Google Patents
Tea extract Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012046346A1 WO2012046346A1 PCT/JP2010/068213 JP2010068213W WO2012046346A1 WO 2012046346 A1 WO2012046346 A1 WO 2012046346A1 JP 2010068213 W JP2010068213 W JP 2010068213W WO 2012046346 A1 WO2012046346 A1 WO 2012046346A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- tea
- cellobiose
- tea extract
- enzyme
- protease
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23F—COFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
- A23F3/00—Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
- A23F3/16—Tea extraction; Tea extracts; Treating tea extract; Making instant tea
- A23F3/163—Liquid or semi-liquid tea extract preparations, e.g. gels or liquid extracts in solid capsules
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a tea extract having strong sweetness, richness and umami, and less astringency.
- tea extracts as a method of treating with an enzyme agent, for example, a method of extracting tea leaves using a combination of protopectinase and cellulase (see Patent Document 1), a method of treating tea leaves with tannase (Patent Document 2) Cereals treated with pectinase, amylase and polyphenol oxidase (see Patent Document 3), impregnated with an aqueous solution of amylase, protease, cellulase or a mixed enzyme thereof, dried and then roasted at 100-170 ° C.
- Patent Document 1 a method of extracting tea leaves using a combination of protopectinase and cellulase
- Patent Document 2 Cereals treated with pectinase, amylase and polyphenol oxidase (see Patent Document 3), impregnated with an aqueous solution of amylase, protease, cellulase or a mixed enzyme thereof, dried and then roasted at 100-170
- Tea production method (see Patent Document 4), production method of instant tea extracted with a mixture of sticky starch and at least one enzyme selected from ⁇ - or ⁇ -amylase, cellulase and protease (see Patent Document 5) Digestion of tea leaves with tannase and at least one cell wall A method of moistening with an element (see Patent Document 6), a method of treating a tea leaf extract residue with cellulase and protease (see Patent Document 7), a method of pre-treating a hot water extract of tea with tannase and then freezing and concentrating it (Patent Document 6) Ref.
- a tea leaf extract comprising: a method for producing a tea extract (see Patent Document 10), an enzyme group containing at least cellulase, hemicellulase, pectinase and protopectinase; Production method (see Patent Document 11), tea leaves are extracted with water in the presence of protease, and the resulting extract is further purified with protease Extraction method of tea extract characterized by treatment (see Patent Document 12), decomposition of saccharides such as glucoamylase, hemicellulase, pectinase, mannanase, invertase or ⁇ -galactosidase during and / or after extraction of tea raw materials
- a method for producing tea extracts characterized by enzymatic degradation using an enzyme group containing at least cellulase, hemicellulase, pectinase and protopectinase Production method (see Patent Document 11)
- tea leaves are extracted with water in
- the object of the present invention is to extract cell wall components derived from tea leaves that could not be decomposed and extracted by the conventional enzyme-treated extraction method from tea leaves, and to further extract proteins that became extractable as the cell wall components were decomposed.
- an amino acid component is extracted in abundantly, and as a result, a tea extract having abundant sweetness, kokumi and umami and less astringency is provided.
- the present invention comprises at least tannin, amino acid and cellobiose, (A) Based on the total solid content of the tea extract (converted to Bx), containing 0.8-10% by mass of cellobiose, (B) the mass ratio of cellobiose / tannin is 0.03 to 1.0, and (C) The present invention provides a tea extract characterized by having a cellobiose / amino acid mass ratio of 0.08 to 1.0.
- the tea extract of the present invention is obtained by converting about 40% by mass to about 80% by mass of the tea material used as a raw material into a soluble solid content, which greatly increases the extract yield from the tea material. It can be improved and contains a large amount of cellobiose. Moreover, the amino acid yield from tea raw materials can also be improved. Furthermore, the tea extract of the present invention contains abundant sweetness, kokumi and umami, and when added to tea beverages, it gives sweetness, kokumi and umami to tea beverages, or tea beverages. The sweetness such as kokumi and umami can be enhanced.
- the viscosity during enzyme treatment decreases with the enzyme treatment, and it becomes smoother, so the process of separating the tea leaf residue from the enzyme treatment slurry It can be done easily. Specifically, the time required for operations such as separation and filtration can be greatly shortened, the workability in production can be improved, and the production cost can be reduced by shortening the work time.
- the tea extract of the present invention is, for example, extracted from a tea raw material by adding protease, tannase and a specific cellulase, that is, a cellulase derived from Trichoderma longibrachiatum or Trichoderma reesei. Can be manufactured.
- the above tea materials include fresh leaves obtained from buds, leaves, stems, etc. of tea (Camellia sinensis (L) O. Kuntze), which is an evergreen tree of the camellia family, non-fermented tea produced, and semi-fermented tea. Mention may be made of fermented tea.
- non-fermented tea examples include steamed non-fermented tea such as sencha,nadoha, hojicha, gyokuro, kabusecha, and tencha, and unfermented tea such as keen fried tea such as Ureshino tea, Aoyagi tea, and various Chinese teas.
- examples of the semi-fermented tea include baked tea, iron kannon tea, oolong tea; and examples of the fermented tea include black tea, pu-erh tea, Awaban tea, and Goishi tea.
- tea obtained by adding unfermented tea or semi-fermented tea with flowers can be used.
- Proteases used for the above-mentioned enzyme treatment of tea raw materials are enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds of proteins and peptides.
- a protease is not particularly limited, and a protease derived from animals or plants or microorganisms can be used.
- proteases can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of these proteases used varies depending on the titer, etc., and cannot be generally specified. However, it is usually about 0.01 U to about 100 U, preferably about 1 U to about 80 U per gram of tea raw material. it can.
- tannase used for the enzyme treatment of said tea raw material if it has the activity which decomposes
- tannase-producing bacteria belonging to the genus Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Mucor and the like are obtained by solid culture or liquid culture according to a conventional method using a medium usually used for culturing these filamentous fungi. And a product obtained by purifying the treated product or its treated product by a conventional method.
- tannase for example, tannase “Kikkoman (5,000 U / g)” (Kikkoman), tannase “Kikkoman (500 U / g)” (Kikkoman), tannase (Mitsubishi Chemical Foods) Sumiteam TAN (manufactured by Shin Nippon Chemical Co., Ltd.) or the like may be used. These tannases can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The amount of tannase used varies depending on the titer, etc., and cannot be generally specified.
- the amount of tannase is usually about 0.1 U to about 50 U, preferably about 0.5 U to about 45 U per gram of tea raw material. it can.
- a desired tea extract can be obtained. Can do.
- the yield of soluble solids from the tea leaf material is dramatically improved, and the resulting tea extract is rich in cellobiose and amino acids, and has a remarkable sweetness, kokumi and umami. Effects can be obtained.
- the surprising phenomenon that about 40% to about 80% by weight is solubilized occurs, cellobiose is produced in large quantities along with the decomposition of cell wall components, and the amount of extracted amino acids also increases. As a result, it has been found that umami, sweetness, kokumi, etc. are enhanced, and a flavorful tea extract can be obtained in high yield.
- the cellulase derived from Trichoderma longibrachiatum or Trichoderma reesei described above include, for example, cellulosin (registered trademark) T3 (manufactured by HIBI), Sumiteam (registered trademark) CS, C (or more).
- the amount of cellulase derived from Trichoderma longibrachiatum or Trichoderma reesei varies depending on the titer, etc., and cannot be generally stated, but is usually about 0.1 to about 0.1 g per tea raw material. Examples thereof include 200 U, preferably about 0.5 to about 100 U, more preferably about 1 to about 50 U.
- the polygalacturonase activity is more than 20000 U / g. More efficiently by adding and extracting the enzyme preparation in an amount of 800 U or more, preferably 1000 U to 10000 U, more preferably 1500 U to 5000 U as polygalacturonase activity per 1 g of tea raw material.
- the tea leaf tissue can be decomposed to increase the extraction efficiency of water-soluble components.
- Polygalacturonase is a kind of pectinase.
- Enzymes generally classified as pectinases include polygalacturonase, pectin lyase and pectin methylesterase.
- Polygalacturonase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes ⁇ -1,4 bonds in the main chain of polygalacturonic acid in pectin.
- Pectin lyase removes ⁇ -1,4 bonds in the main chain of polygalacturonic acid in pectin.
- Pectin methylesterase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes the methyl ester of pectin.
- Pectinase is an enzyme that is positioned at the center of an enzyme group that disrupts plant tissues.
- polygalacturonase activity is determined by allowing polygalacturonase to act on a polygalacturonic acid aqueous solution as a substrate by the Somogy Nelson method (J. Biol. Chem. 153, 375-380, 1994).
- the enzyme reaction product is a value measured by a colorimetric method for quantifying reducing sugar, and 1 unit of enzyme (1 U) means the amount of enzyme that produces 1 ⁇ mol of galacturonic acid per minute.
- pectinase examples include commercially available products such as pectinase PL “Amano”, pectinase G “Amano” (manufactured by Amano Enzyme), Pectinase-GODO (manufactured by Godo Shusei Co., Ltd.), sucrase (registered trademark) A, N , S (above, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Foods), Sumiteam (registered trademark) AP-2, SPC, SPG, MC, PX, liquid Sumiteam AP-2 (above, manufactured by Shin Nippon Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), pectinase XP-534 (Manufactured by Nagase ChemteX Corporation), Pectinex (registered trademark), Pectinex Ultra SP-L, Ultrazyme (registered trademark), Vinozyme (registered trademark), Citrozyme (registered trademark), Peelzyme (registered trademark) (above, Novonor
- pectinase having particularly high polygalacturonase activity for example, Sumiteam AP-2, SPC, SPG (manufactured by Shin Nippon Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) can be mentioned.
- the polygalacturonase activity of a general commercial pectinase preparation is usually about 500 U / g to about 20000 U / g. Therefore, in order to add 800 U to 1 g of tea leaf material, a large amount of pectinase preparation of 0.04 g to 1.6 g must be added to 1 g of tea leaf material.
- the amount of the enzyme preparation is added to 0.06 g or more, particularly 0.08 g or more with respect to 1 g of the tea leaf raw material, the influence of excipients and other components is strongly exerted on the tea extract, and the resulting tea There is a problem of adversely affecting the taste, for example, the taste of the fruit extract becomes light, an unnatural sweetness that is different from that of tea, or a miscellaneous taste is produced.
- a pectinase originally having a high activity of 20000 U / g or more as the polygalacturonase activity can be used as it is, but in the case of a pectinase preparation having a polygalacturonase activity of less than 20000 U / g, for example, the enzyme It is necessary to purify the preparation by water miscible organic solvent (acetone, ethanol, etc.) precipitation, isoelectric point precipitation, ultrafiltration, gel filtration, etc., and collect and use fractions with polygalacturonase activity of 20000 U / g or more. There is.
- water miscible organic solvent acetone, ethanol, etc.
- an embodiment for producing the tea extract of the present invention is exemplified as follows: Prepare a solution in which 4 to 40 parts by weight of water and 0.1% to 1% by weight of ascorbic acid or sodium ascorbate of the tea raw material are dissolved as needed per 1 part by weight of the tea raw material, Tea raw materials are added thereto, and if necessary, sterilized at about 60 ° C. to about 121 ° C.
- the obtained tea extract can be in the form of a concentrated solution by using an appropriate concentration means if desired.
- the above enzyme-treated extraction produces about 4 to 5 times as much amino acid as tea extract without any enzyme treatment, and the cell tissue of tea materials decomposes to produce a large amount of cellobiose.
- About 40% by mass to about 80% by mass of tea produced and used as a raw material can be converted into a soluble solid content.
- the cellobiose was determined based on the total solid content (Bx conversion) of the tea extract.
- Tea extract Preferably, (a) contains 1.5 to 8% by mass of cellobiose based on the total solid content of the tea extract (converted to Bx), and (b) the mass ratio of cellobiose / tannin is 0.00.
- a tea extract having a cellobiose / tannin mass ratio of 0.1 to 0.3 and (c) a cellobiose / amino acid mass ratio of 0.3 to 0.6 can be obtained.
- Cellobiose is known to have subtle sweetness, as well as effects such as sour masking, bitter taste masking, off-flavor masking, and body sensation. It is estimated that the increase in cellobiose is one of the important factors for taste and umami.
- the present invention can provide, as one aspect, a tea extract in which cellobiose in the tea extract is produced by enzymatic decomposition of the tea raw material.
- the tea extract of the present invention can be stored for a long period of time by sterilization by heating after filling the container or before filling.
- the tea extract of the present invention can usually be used in a liquid state as it is, but if desired, an excipient such as dextrin, modified starch, cyclodextrin, gum arabic or the like is added to the extract to form a powder. You can also.
- the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples and comparative examples.
- Example 1 To a solution of 0.6 g of sodium ascorbate dissolved in 900 g of soft water, 100 g of green tea leaves (Chinese steamed blue) was sterilized at 80 ° C. for 5 minutes and cooled to 45 ° C. 1 g of tannase (Mitsubishi Chemical Foods Co., Ltd .: 500 U / g) was added thereto and stirred for 15 minutes. Then, 1 g of protease M (manufactured by Amano Enzyme: 5500 U / g) and Sumiteam C (cellulase derived from Trichoderma longibrachiatum manufactured by Shin Nippon Chemical Industry: 1500 U / g) were added and dissolved at 40 ° C.
- protease M manufactured by Amano Enzyme: 5500 U / g
- Sumiteam C cellulase derived from Trichoderma longibrachiatum manufactured by Shin Nippon Chemical Industry: 1500 U / g
- Enzyme treatment was performed for 8 hours. After the enzyme treatment, the mixture was sterilized at 90 ° C. for 10 minutes, cooled to 30 ° C., and the tea leaf residue solid matter was removed with an exposed cloth. 2 Using a Nutsche filter pre-coated with 10 g of cellulose powder on filter paper (8 cm), suction filtration (decompression degree 13.33 KPa) was performed at a constant pressure to obtain 820 g of a clear extract (required filtration time 4 minutes 32 minutes). Seconds). This extract was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 145.2 g of a Bx48 ° concentrate. This concentrated liquid was sterilized by heating at 95 ° C.
- Example 2 In Example 1, instead of Sumiteam C0.25g, Cellulosin (registered trademark) T3 (Cellulase derived from Trichoderma reesei manufactured by HI) was used in exactly the same manner as Example 1, except that 0.25g was used. Performed (required filtration time: 4 minutes 10 seconds) Product 2 of the present invention (148.8 g was obtained).
- Cellulosin registered trademark
- T3 Cellulase derived from Trichoderma reesei manufactured by HI
- Example 3 In Example 1, in place of Sumiteam C 0.25 g, Sucrase C (Trichoderma longibrachiatum-derived cellulase manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Foods Co., Ltd .: 3000 U / g) was used except that 0.25 g was used ( Filtration time 3 minutes 47 seconds) Product 3 of the present invention (167.2 g was obtained).
- Reference Example 1 Measurement of polygalacturonase activity (Somogyelson method: see J. Biol. Chem. 153, 375-380, 1994) 0.1 ml of an appropriate dilution of the enzyme solution is added to 0.9 ml of 50 mM acetate buffer (pH 4.5) containing 1% polygalacturonic acid.
- the enzyme After reacting the mixed solution at 45 ° C. for an appropriate (appropriate) time, the enzyme is inactivated by heating in a boiling water bath for 10 minutes, and ice-cooled to obtain a reaction solution.
- Add 0.3 ml of the somogenic copper reagent to 0.3 ml of the reaction solution heat in a boiling water bath for 10 minutes, cool with ice, add 0.3 ml of Nelson reagent, stir well in a test tube mixer, and add 3 ml of ion-exchanged water. In addition, mix well with a test tube mixer. This solution is treated at 9000 rpm for 3 minutes in a centrifuge, and the absorbance (Abs.) At 500 nm of the supernatant is measured.
- Example 4 In Example 1, in addition to 0.25 g of Sumiteam C, 4.8 g of Reference product 2 (4152 U / g as polygalacturonase activity by the above measurement per 1 g of tea leaves) was added and dissolved, and completely the same as Example 1. The same operation was performed (required filtration time: 3 minutes 21 seconds). Product 4 of the present invention (183.2 g was obtained)
- Example 5 In Example 1, the same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that the amount of Sumiteam C added was changed to 0.1 g instead of 0.25 g (required filtration time: 4 minutes 52 seconds). Product 5 of the present invention (137.137. 2 g was obtained).
- Example 6 In Example 1, the same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that the amount of Sumiteam C added was changed to 0.05 g instead of 0.25 g (required filtration time: 5 minutes 25 seconds). Product 6 (116. 5 g was obtained). Comparative Example 1 In Example 1, except that no enzyme was used, the same operation as in Example 1 was performed (filtering time 10 minutes 25 seconds) to obtain Comparative Product 1 (66.8 g). Comparative Example 2 The same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that sucrase C was not used in Example 1 (required filtration time: 9 minutes 57 seconds) to obtain Comparative Product 2 (72.9 g).
- Example 1 instead of Sumiteam C 0.25 g, cerulosin AC40 (cellulase derived from Aspergillus niger manufactured by HIBI) 0.25 g, cellulase T “Amano” 4 (cellulase derived from Trichoderma violet manufactured by Amano Enzyme), respectively 0.25 g, cellulase XP-425 (cellulase derived from Nagase ChemteX) 0.25 g, cell race Nagase (cellulase derived from Aspergillus niger manufactured by Nagase Chemtex) 0.25 g, Sumiteam AC (New Japan) 0.25 g of cellulase derived from Aspergillus niger manufactured by Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., cellulosin HC100 (Aspergillus niger manufactured by HIBI) 0.25 g of conventional xylanase), hemicellulase “Amano”
- the filtration station time is shown in Table 1 below together with other measured values).
- Component Analysis The inventive products 1 to 6 and comparative products 1 to 14 were measured for tannin, amino acid and cellobiose concentrations (% based on mass). Measuring method Amino acid: Amino acid automatic analyzer Tannin: Iron tartrate method Cellobiose: High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method Yield from green tea raw materials and measured values (concentration) of each component of the present invention products 1-6 and comparative products 1-15 Table 1 below shows the filtration time.
- tea materials are extracted by adding a protease, tannase and cellulase derived from Trichoderma longibrachiatum or Trichoderma reesei (Trichoderma reesei).
- Comparative product 1 which does not use any enzyme
- Comparative product 2 extracted by adding protease and tannase, Protease, tannase and microorganisms other than Trichoderma longibrachiatum or Trichoderma reesei
- Comparative products 3 to 7 extracted by adding cellulase, protease, tannase and saccharide-degrading enzymes other than cellulase
- Comparative product 1 which does not use any enzyme
- Comparative product 2 extracted by adding protease and tannase, Protease, tannase and microorganisms other than Trichoderma longibrachiatum or Trichoderma reesei
- Comparative products 3 to 7 extracted by adding cellulase, protease, tannase and saccharide-degrading enzymes other than cellulase
- the shortening of the filtration time is a difference in minute units in the small amount of preparation, and is not a big difference
- the filtration step is a step of limiting the work time of the whole process. Yes, when industrial mass production (several to several tens of tons) is carried out, it is expected to be a significant improvement.
- the comparative products 2 to 15 using the protease and tannase and the products 1 to 6 of the present invention are all amino acids compared to the comparative product 1 that does not use any enzyme. The content of has increased significantly.
- Inventive products 1 to 3 extracted by adding cellulase derived from protease, tannase and Trichoderma longibrachiatum or Trichoderma reesei to green tea material, only protease and tannase are added to green tea material Comparative product 2 extracted in this way, Comparative products 3-7 extracted by adding cellulases derived from microorganisms other than Trichoderma longibrachiatum or Trichoderma reesei, in addition to protease and tannase, Compared with comparative products 8 to 15 extracted by adding saccharide-degrading enzymes other than cellulase in addition to protease and tannase, The yield of kiss (Bx48 °) was increased to almost double, and an extract was obtained with extremely high yield.
- the extract yield was further increased in the product 4 of the present invention using about 2 U of polygalacturonase per 1 g of tea leaf raw material.
- the products 5 and 6 of the present invention are obtained by reducing the amount of cellulase derived from Trichoderma longibrachiatum in the product 1 of the present invention, and the yield of the extract (Bx48 °) is 1 Compared with comparative products 3 to 15, it is 1.4 to 1.7 times higher for product 5 of the present invention, and about 1.2 to 1.5 times higher for product 6 of the present invention.
- the yield of soluble solids from tea materials is greatly increased by the present invention.
- Comparative product 1 which does not use any enzyme contains almost no cellobiose
- comparative product 2 in which only protease and tannase are allowed to act on a green tea raw material contains only about 0.1% by mass of cellobiose.
- Comparative Products 3 to 15 and Invention Products 1 to 6 using a saccharide-degrading enzyme contained 0.2% to 1.7% by mass of cellobiose.
- the products 1 to 6 of the present invention extracted by adding a cellulase derived from Trichoderma longibrachiatum or Trichoderma reesei as a cellulase has a cellobiose concentration of 0.48% by mass in the extract. It was ⁇ 1.7% by mass and was particularly contained in a large amount.
- the products 1 to 6 of the present invention extracted by adding a cellulase derived from Trichoderma longibrachiatum or Trichoderma reesei contain cellulases and other saccharide-degrading enzymes derived from other microorganisms.
- the amino acid concentration and tannin concentration were slightly lower than those of comparative products 3 to 15 extracted by addition. However, this is considered to be due to the relative decrease in the amino acid concentration and the tannin concentration due to an increase in the degradation component of the cell wall. Therefore, Table 2 below shows the soluble solids yield and the yield of each component (calculated from Table 1) from the green tea raw materials of the present invention products 1 to 6 and comparative products 1 to 15.
- Comparative Products 2 to 15 and Invention Products 1 to 6 extracted by adding protease and tannase have a higher amino acid yield from tea leaves. It has increased 4 to 5 times.
- Trichoderma Comparative products 3 to 7 extracted by adding cellulases derived from microorganisms other than Longibrakiatum (Trichoderma longibrachiatum) or Trichoderma reesei, and other carbohydrate-degrading enzymes in addition to protease and tannase Compared to the comparative products 8 to 15, the amino acid yield from tea leaves is about 20% higher.
- Comparative products 3 to 15 extracted with the addition of cellulase derived from them are all about 11 to 12% of the tea leaf mass, and there is almost no difference compared to comparative product 1 that does not use any enzyme.
- the product 1 to 6 of the present invention extracted by adding cellulase derived from Trichoderma longibrachiatum or Trichoderma reesei as a cellulase has a cellobiose yield from tea leaves of 0.55% to 2. It is about 7%, and it can be seen that a large amount of cellobiose is generated.
- Sensory evaluation After the inventive products 1 to 6 and comparative products 1 to 15 were diluted 160 times (Bx 0.3 °) with ion-exchanged water, sensory evaluation was performed by 10 well-trained panelists.
- Evaluation method is very good: 10 points, good: 8 points, slightly good: 6 points, slightly bad: 4 points, bad: 2 points, very bad: 0 for bitter astringency, sweet taste, umami, and balance, respectively. Sensory evaluation was performed as points, and comments were made. The average points and average contents of comments are shown in Table 3 below. As shown in Table 3, Comparative Product 1 that does not use any enzyme has an evaluation that green tea has a weak umami taste, sweet taste, and a strong bitter taste, and has any bitter taste, sweet taste, umami taste, or balance. Even the evaluation was low.
- comparative product 2 extracted by adding only protease and tannase to green tea raw material has a stronger taste of green tea and a bitter astringency than comparative product 1, but it is still quite strong and has a poor sweetness.
- the evaluation was somewhat higher than that of Comparative Product 1 for bitter astringency, sweetness, umami, and balance.
- the products 1 to 4 of the present invention extracted by adding cellulase derived from Trichoderma longibrachiatum or Trichoderma reesei in addition to protease and tannase are the taste, sweetness, and richness of green tea.
- the taste was strong, the bitter and astringent taste was mild and mild, the balance of the whole flavor was good, and it tasted like high-quality matcha, which was highly evaluated.
- the products 5 and 6 of the present invention in which the amount of cellulase derived from Trichoderma longibrachiatum of the product 1 of the present invention is reduced also have the umami, sweetness and rich taste of green tea, and bitter and astringent taste is felt. It was a little mild and the balance was not bad.
- comparative products 3 to 15 extracted by adding a cellulase derived from a microorganism other than Trichoderma longibrachiatum or Trichoderma reesei or a saccharide-degrading enzyme other than cellulase in addition to protease and tannase
- a cellulase derived from a microorganism other than Trichoderma longibrachiatum or Trichoderma reesei or a saccharide-degrading enzyme other than cellulase in addition to protease and tannase The taste and sweetness of green tea are felt to some extent, but the bitter and astringent taste is somewhat outstanding and unbalanced, and the evaluation is inferior compared with the products 1 to 6 of the present invention.
- the cellobiose ratio between the components is known to have a subtle sweetness, as well as effects such as sour masking, bitter taste masking, and off-flavor masking body feeling.
- the sweetness of the tea extract of the present invention is estimated to be one of the factors for kokumi and umami. That is, in addition to the umami and sweetness of the amino acids originally contained in teas and the amino acids generated by degradation by protease treatment, the sweetness of cellobiose itself enhances the preferred subtle sweetness and umami of teas, It is expected that the masking effect masks the bitter and astringent taste of catechin, and further masks the acidity and umami of gallic acid produced by tannase treatment, thereby improving the taste.
- the present invention products 5 and 6 which were not as high as the present invention products 1 to 4 were (a) cellobiose based on the total solid content (Bx conversion) of tea extracts. The content (mass) is 0.99 to 1.58%, the mass ratio of (b) cellobiose / tannin is 0.043 to 0.080, and the mass ratio of (c) cellobiose / amino acid is 0.11 to 0.22. It was in the range.
- Comparative products 1 to 15 have a cellobiose content (mass) of less than 0.8% based on the total solid content (Bx conversion) of (a) tea extracts, and (b) the mass of cellobiose / tannin.
- the ratio was less than 0.03, and the (c) cellobiose / amino acid mass ratio was less than 0.08. Therefore, it is presumed that the sweetness, kokumi, umami and the like of the tea extract of the present invention were brought about by these differences.
- the cellobiose content (mass) based on the total solid content (Bx conversion) of the tea extract is 0.8 to 10%
- the cellobiose / tannin mass ratio is 0.03 to 1.0
- the cellobiose / amino acid mass ratio is 0.08 to 1.0; preferably (a) all of the tea extracts
- the cellobiose content (mass) based on solid content (Bx conversion) is 1.5 to 8%
- the mass ratio of cellobiose / tannin is 0.05 to 0.5
- the cellobiose / amino acid mass ratio is 0.15 to 0.8, more preferably (a) the cellobiose content (mass) based on the total solid content (Bx conversion) of the tea extract is 2 to 6%.
- the mass ratio of cellobiose / tannin is 0.1 to 0.3 Ri, and (c) if 0.3 to 0.6 mass ratio of cell
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、甘味、こく味および旨味が強く、渋味の少ない茶類エキスに関する。 The present invention relates to a tea extract having strong sweetness, richness and umami, and less astringency.
近年、茶類飲料を缶あるいはペットボトル等に充填した商品が提供されており、消費者の甘味ばなれから高い支持を得てその生産量は増加の一途をたどっている。最近の傾向としては、旨味やコク味が強く、渋味が抑えられた茶類飲料が好まれている。
茶類エキスの製造に際して、酵素剤により処理する方法としては、例えば、プロトペクチナーゼとセルラーゼを併用して茶葉を抽出する方法(特許文献1参照)、紅茶葉をタンナーゼで処理する方法(特許文献2参照)、ペクチナーゼ、アミラーゼおよびポリフェノールオキシダーゼで処理する方法(特許文献3参照)、アミラーゼ或いはプロテアーゼ或いはセルラーゼまたはこれらの混合酵素の水溶液を含浸させて乾燥させ、次いで100~170℃で加熱焙煎する穀茶の製造法(特許文献4参照)、粘着性澱粉と、α−もしくはβ−アミラーゼ、セルラーゼおよびプロテアーゼから選択される少なくとも1種の酵素の混合物により抽出したインスタント茶の製法(特許文献5参照)、紅茶の葉をタンナーゼ及び少なくとも一つの細胞壁消化酵素で湿潤する方法(特許文献6参照)、茶葉抽出残渣をセルラーゼおよびプロテアーゼで処理する方法(特許文献7参照)、茶類の熱水抽出液を予めタンナーゼで処理した後凍結濃縮する方法(特許文献8参照)、茶抽出液に、クロロゲン酸エステラーゼを作用させて混濁の少ない茶類飲料を製造する方法(特許文献9参照)、茶類原料を、プロテアーゼおよびタンナーゼの存在下に抽出することを特徴とする茶類エキスの製造方法(特許文献10参照)、セルラーゼ、ヘミセルラーゼ、ペクチナーゼおよびプロトペクチナーゼを少なくとも含有する酵素群を用い、茶葉を酵素分解抽出処理することを特徴とする茶葉抽出液の製造方法(特許文献11参照)、茶葉をプロテアーゼ存在下に水で抽出し、得られた抽出液をさらにプロテアーゼで処理することを特徴とする茶類エキスの抽出方法(特許文献12参照)、茶類原料の抽出時および/または抽出後にグルコアミラーゼ、ヘミセルラーゼ、ペクチナーゼ、マンナナーゼ、インベルターゼまたはα−ガラクトシダーゼなどの糖類分解酵素を用いて酵素分解処理することを特徴とする茶類エキスの製造方法(特許文献13参照)、ヒイロタケ産生酵素およびセルラーゼ、ヘミセルラーゼ、ペクチナーゼまたはプロトペクチナーゼを用いて茶類原料を酵素分解抽出処理することを特徴とする茶類エキスの製造方法(特許文献14参照)などが提案されている。
しかしながら、これらの方法は、甘味、こく味、旨味などの呈味を改善し、収率向上を図る意味で、それなりの成果を上げているが、茶の抽出残渣には、まだまだ細胞壁や蛋白質などの有用成分が残存しており、それらすべてを有効に利用しているとはいえない。
In recent years, products in which tea beverages are filled in cans or plastic bottles have been provided, and their production has been increasing steadily because of the high level of support from consumers' sweetness. As a recent trend, tea beverages with strong umami and richness and reduced astringency are preferred.
In the production of tea extracts, as a method of treating with an enzyme agent, for example, a method of extracting tea leaves using a combination of protopectinase and cellulase (see Patent Document 1), a method of treating tea leaves with tannase (Patent Document 2) Cereals treated with pectinase, amylase and polyphenol oxidase (see Patent Document 3), impregnated with an aqueous solution of amylase, protease, cellulase or a mixed enzyme thereof, dried and then roasted at 100-170 ° C. Tea production method (see Patent Document 4), production method of instant tea extracted with a mixture of sticky starch and at least one enzyme selected from α- or β-amylase, cellulase and protease (see Patent Document 5) Digestion of tea leaves with tannase and at least one cell wall A method of moistening with an element (see Patent Document 6), a method of treating a tea leaf extract residue with cellulase and protease (see Patent Document 7), a method of pre-treating a hot water extract of tea with tannase and then freezing and concentrating it (Patent Document 6) Ref. 8), a method for producing a tea beverage with low turbidity by allowing chlorogenic acid esterase to act on tea extract (see Patent Document 9), and extracting tea raw materials in the presence of protease and tannase. A tea leaf extract comprising: a method for producing a tea extract (see Patent Document 10), an enzyme group containing at least cellulase, hemicellulase, pectinase and protopectinase; Production method (see Patent Document 11), tea leaves are extracted with water in the presence of protease, and the resulting extract is further purified with protease Extraction method of tea extract characterized by treatment (see Patent Document 12), decomposition of saccharides such as glucoamylase, hemicellulase, pectinase, mannanase, invertase or α-galactosidase during and / or after extraction of tea raw materials A method for producing tea extracts characterized by enzymatic degradation using an enzyme (see Patent Document 13), enzymatic degradation extraction treatment of tea raw materials using oyster mushroom-producing enzyme and cellulase, hemicellulase, pectinase or protopectinase A method for producing tea extracts (see Patent Document 14), which is characterized by the above, has been proposed.
However, these methods have achieved some results in terms of improving the taste such as sweetness, kokumi, and umami, and improving the yield, but there are still cell walls, proteins, etc. in the tea extraction residue. These useful ingredients remain, and not all of them are effectively used.
本発明の目的は、従来の茶葉からの酵素処理抽出法では、分解、抽出しきれなかった茶葉由来の細胞壁成分を抽出し、また、細胞壁成分の分解にともなって抽出可能となった蛋白質をさらにアミノ酸に分解することにより、アミノ酸成分を豊富に抽出し、その結果、甘味、こく味および旨味を豊富に有し、かつ渋味の少ない茶類エキスを提供することである。 The object of the present invention is to extract cell wall components derived from tea leaves that could not be decomposed and extracted by the conventional enzyme-treated extraction method from tea leaves, and to further extract proteins that became extractable as the cell wall components were decomposed. By decomposing into amino acids, an amino acid component is extracted in abundantly, and as a result, a tea extract having abundant sweetness, kokumi and umami and less astringency is provided.
茶葉中には約25%のタンパク質が含まれており(5訂食品成分表)、このタンパク質をプロテアーゼで分解すれば旨味の強い茶類エキスが得られることが予想される。しかしながら、茶葉にプロテアーゼのみ作用させても、それほど多くのアミノ酸の遊離は見られない。本出願人は、以前の研究において、茶葉中のタンパク質がタンニンと結合しているのではないかと推測し、鋭意研究を行った結果、茶類原料を、プロテアーゼおよびタンナーゼの存在下に抽出することにより、旨味およびコク味が強く、渋味の少ない茶類エキスが得られることを見出し、先に提案した(前掲特許文献10参照)。
しかしながら、特許文献10に記載の方法を実施しても、抽出後の茶葉中には、まだ抽出されない細胞壁成分および蛋白質がかなり残存していることが明らかとなった。そこで、本発明者らはさらに鋭意研究を重ねた結果、驚くべきことに、今回、茶葉に、プロテアーゼおよびタンナーゼに加え、さらに特定のセルラーゼ、すなわちトリコデルマ・ロンギブラキアタム(Trichoderma longibrachiatum)またはトリコデルマ・リーゼイ(Trichoderma reesei)由来のセルラーゼを添加して抽出すると、茶葉からの可溶性固形分収率が飛躍的に向上し、セロビオースが大量に生成すること、また、アミノ酸収率も向上し、得られるエキスは甘味、こく味および旨味を豊富に有していることを見いだし、本発明を完成するに至った。
かくして、本発明は、少なくともタンニン、アミノ酸及びセロビオースを含んでなり、
(a) 茶類エキスの全固形分(Bx換算)を基準にして、セロビオースを0.8~10質量%含有し、
(b) セロビオース/タンニンの質量比が0.03~1.0であり、かつ、
(c) セロビオース/アミノ酸の質量比が0.08~1.0である
ことを特徴とする茶類エキスを提供するものである。
About 25% protein is contained in tea leaves (5 revised food ingredient table), and it is expected that a tea extract with a strong taste can be obtained by degrading this protein with protease. However, when only protease is allowed to act on tea leaves, not so many amino acids are released. In the previous study, the present applicant presumed that the protein in tea leaves was bound to tannin, and as a result of earnest research, the applicant extracted tea raw materials in the presence of protease and tannase. Thus, it was found that a tea extract having a strong umami and rich taste and a little astringency was obtained, and was proposed previously (see Patent Document 10).
However, even when the method described in Patent Document 10 is carried out, it has been clarified that cell wall components and proteins that have not been extracted still remain in the extracted tea leaves. Therefore, as a result of further intensive studies, the present inventors have surprisingly found that, in addition to protease and tannase, this time, in addition to protease and tannase, more specific cellulase, namely Trichoderma longibrachiatum or Trichoderma reesei When cellulase derived from (Trichoderma reesei) is added and extracted, the soluble solids yield from tea leaves is dramatically improved, cellobiose is produced in large quantities, and the amino acid yield is also improved. The inventors have found that they have abundant sweetness, richness and umami, and have completed the present invention.
Thus, the present invention comprises at least tannin, amino acid and cellobiose,
(A) Based on the total solid content of the tea extract (converted to Bx), containing 0.8-10% by mass of cellobiose,
(B) the mass ratio of cellobiose / tannin is 0.03 to 1.0, and
(C) The present invention provides a tea extract characterized by having a cellobiose / amino acid mass ratio of 0.08 to 1.0.
本発明の茶類エキスは、原料として使用される茶類原料の約40質量%~約80質量%が可溶性固形分へと変換されたものであり、茶類原料からのエキス収率を大幅に向上させることができ、セロビオースを多量に含んでいる。また、茶類原料からのアミノ酸収率も向上させることができる。さらに、本発明の茶類エキスは甘味、こく味および旨味を豊富に含んでおり、茶類飲料等に添加することにより、茶類飲料等に甘味、こく味および旨味を付与し或いは茶類飲料等の甘味、こく味および旨味を増強することができる。また、本発明の茶類エキスを茶類原料の酵素処理により製造する場合、酵素処理に伴い、酵素処理中の粘度が低下し、さらさらとなるため、酵素処理スラリーから茶葉残渣を分離する工程を容易に行うことができるようになる。具体的には、分離、濾過などの作業に要する時間が大幅に短縮され、製造における作業性の向上をはかることができ、作業時間の短縮により製造コストを下げることができるという効果も得られる。 The tea extract of the present invention is obtained by converting about 40% by mass to about 80% by mass of the tea material used as a raw material into a soluble solid content, which greatly increases the extract yield from the tea material. It can be improved and contains a large amount of cellobiose. Moreover, the amino acid yield from tea raw materials can also be improved. Furthermore, the tea extract of the present invention contains abundant sweetness, kokumi and umami, and when added to tea beverages, it gives sweetness, kokumi and umami to tea beverages, or tea beverages. The sweetness such as kokumi and umami can be enhanced. In addition, when the tea extract of the present invention is produced by enzyme treatment of tea raw materials, the viscosity during enzyme treatment decreases with the enzyme treatment, and it becomes smoother, so the process of separating the tea leaf residue from the enzyme treatment slurry It can be done easily. Specifically, the time required for operations such as separation and filtration can be greatly shortened, the workability in production can be improved, and the production cost can be reduced by shortening the work time.
本発明の茶類エキスは、例えば、茶類原料を、プロテアーゼ、タンナーゼおよび特定のセルラーゼ、すなわちトリコデルマ・ロンギブラキアタム(Trichoderma longibrachiatum)またはトリコデルマ・リーゼイ(Trichoderma reesei)由来のセルラーゼを添加して抽出処理することにより製造することができる。
上記の茶類原料としては、ツバキ科の常緑樹であるチャ(学名:Camellia sinensis(L)O.Kuntze)の芽、葉、茎などから得られる生葉、製茶された不発酵茶、半発酵茶および発酵茶を挙げることができる。不発酵茶としては、例えば、煎茶、番茶、ほうじ茶、玉露、かぶせ茶、てん茶などの蒸し製の不発酵茶や、嬉野茶、青柳茶、各種中国茶等の釜炒茶などの不発酵茶が挙げられ;半発酵茶としては、例えば、包種茶、鉄観音茶、ウーロン茶などが挙げられ;発酵茶としては、例えば、紅茶、プーアール茶、阿波番茶、碁石茶などが挙げられる。また、不発酵茶や半発酵茶を花で加香した茶なども使用することができる。これらのうち、特に、フレッシュでナチュラルな香気や甘味、旨味などを有する茶類エキスが得られるという観点から、緑茶、ウーロン茶、ジャスミン茶などが好適である。
上記の茶類原料の酵素処理に使用されるプロテアーゼは、蛋白質やペプチドのペプチド結合を加水分解する酵素である。かかるプロテアーゼとしては、特に制限されず、動植物由来または微生物由来のプロテアーゼを使用することができ、例えば、プロテアーゼA「アマノ」、プロテアーゼM「アマノ」、プロテアーゼP「アマノ」3G、プロテアーゼN「アマノ」、パンクレアチンF、パパインW−40、プロメラインF(以上、天野エンザイム社製);スミチーム(登録商標)AP、LP、MP、FP、LPL(以上、新日本化学工業社製);プロチン(登録商標)FN(大和化成社製);デナプシン(登録商標)2P、デナチーム(登録商標)AP、XP−415、食品用精製パパイン、ビオプラーゼ(登録商標)XL−416F、SP−4FG、SP−15FG(以上、ナガセケムテックス社製);オリエンターゼ(登録商標)22BF、90N、ONS、20A(以上、エイチビィアイ社製);モルシン(登録商標)F、PD酵素、IP酵素、AO−プロテアーゼ(以上、キッコーマン社製);サカナーゼ(科研ファルマ社製の麹菌由来プロテアーゼ);パンチダーゼ(登録商標)NP−2、P、パパインソルブル、プロテアーゼYP−SS(以上、ヤクルト薬品工業社製);フレーバザイム(登録商標)、プロタメックス(登録商標)、ニュートラーゼ(登録商標)、アルカラーゼ(登録商標)(ノボザイムズジャパン社製);コクラーゼ(登録商標)SS、P(以上、三菱化学フーズ社製);VERON PS、COROLASE PN−L、COROLASE N、COROLASE 7089、VERON W、VERON P(以上、ABエンザイム社製);プロチンP、デスキン、デピレイス、プロチンA、サモアーゼ(登録商標)(以上、大和化成社製);オリエンターゼ(登録商標)90N、10NL、22BF、ヌクレイシン(登録商標)(以上、エイチビィアイ社製);アロアーゼ(登録商標)AP−10(ヤクルト薬品工業社製);エンチロンNBS(洛東化成工業社製);アクチナーゼ(登録商標)AS、AF(以上、科研ファルマ社製);アルカリプロテアーゼGL440、ピュラフェクト(登録商標)4000L、プロテアーゼ899、プロテックス6L、タシナーゼ(登録商標)(ジェネンコア協和社製);その他、動物由来のペプシン、トリプシンなどを挙げることができる。これらのプロテアーゼはそれぞれ単独でまたは2種以上組合わせて使用することができる。これらのプロテアーゼの使用量は、力価などにより異なり一概には言えないが、茶類原料1gあたり、通常約0.01U~約100U、好ましくは約1U~約80Uの範囲内を例示することができる。
また、上記の茶類原料の酵素処理に使用されるタンナーゼとしては、タンニンを分解する活性を有するものであれば、特に制限はなく任意のものを使用することができる。具体的には、例えば、アスペルギルス属、ペニシリウム属、リゾプス属、ムコール属などに属するタンナーゼ生産菌を、これら糸状菌の培養に通常用いられる培地を用い、常法に従って固体培養または液体培養し、得られる培養物またはその処理物を常法により精製処理したものを挙げることができる。なお、市販されているタンナーゼ、例えば、タンナーゼ「キッコーマン(5,000U/g)」(キッコーマン社製)、タンナーゼ「キッコーマン(500U/g)」(キッコーマン社製)、タンナーゼ(三菱化学フーズ社製)、スミチームTAN(新日本化学社製)などを用いてもよい。これらのタンナーゼはそれぞれ単独でまたは2種以上組合わせて使用することができる。タンナーゼの使用量は、力価などにより異なり一概には言えないが、茶類原料1gあたり、通常約0.1U~約50U、好ましくは約0.5U~約45Uの範囲内を例示することができる。
本発明では、前記のプロテアーゼおよびタンナーゼに加え、トリコデルマ・ロンギブラキアタム(Trichoderma longibrachiatum)またはトリコデルマ・リーゼイ(Trichoderma reesei)由来のセルラーゼを添加して抽出することにより、目的とする茶類エキスを得ることができる。それにより、茶葉原料からの可溶性固形分収率が飛躍的に向上し、また、得られる茶類エキスは、セロビオースおよびアミノ酸を豊富に含有し、かつ甘味、こく味および旨味が豊富になるという顕著な効果が得られる。
茶類原料をセルラーゼで処理して抽出する技術は、前記のとおり、本願出願以前にも知られている。また、茶類原料に、プロテアーゼおよびタンナーゼに加えて、アスペルギルス・ニガー(Aspergillus niger)やトリコデルマ・ビリデ(Trichoderma viride)など由来のセルラーゼを添加して抽出した場合、プロテアーゼおよびタンナーゼのみを添加して抽出した場合と比較して、それなりの効果は得られる。ところが、茶類原料に、プロテアーゼおよびタンナーゼに加えて、さらにトリコデルマ・ロンギブラキアタム(Trichoderma longibrachiatum)またはトリコデルマ・リーゼイ(Trichoderma reesei)由来のセルラーゼを添加して抽出処理すると、茶葉原料(乾燥茶葉)のうち、約40質量%~約80質量%が可溶化するという驚くべき現象が起こり、また、細胞壁成分の分解に伴いセロビオースが多量に生成し、さらにアミノ酸の抽出量も増加し、これらの増加に伴い、旨味、甘味、こく味などが増強され、風味豊かな茶類エキスを高収率で得ることができることが判明した。
上記のトリコデルマ・ロンギブラキアタム(Trichoderma longibrachiatum)またはトリコデルマ・リーゼイ(Trichoderma reesei)由来のセルラーゼとしては、例えば、セルロシン(登録商標)T3(エイチビィアイ社製)、スミチーム(登録商標)CS、C(以上、新日本化学工業社製)、セルラーゼSS(ナガセケムテックス社製)、スクラーゼ(登録商標)C(三菱化学フーズ社製)などを挙げることができる。トリコデルマ・ロンギブラキアタム(Trichoderma longibrachiatum)またはトリコデルマ・リーゼイ(Trichoderma reesei)由来のセルラーゼの使用量は、力価などにより異なり一概には言えないが、茶類原料1gあたり、通常約0.1~約200U、好ましくは約0.5~約100U、より好ましくは約1~約50Uの範囲内を例示することができる。
また、抽出処理に際して、前記のプロテアーゼ、タンナーゼ、トリコデルマ・ロンギブラキアタム(Trichoderma longibrachiatum)またはトリコデルマ・リーゼイ(Trichoderma reesei)由来のセルラーゼに加えて、さらに、20000U/g以上のポリガラクツロナーゼ活性を有する酵素製剤を、茶類原料1gあたり、ポリガラクツロナーゼ活性として、通常800U以上、好ましくは1000U~10000U、より好ましくは1500U~5000Uとなるような量で添加して抽出することにより、さらに効率的に茶葉組織を分解し、水可溶性成分の抽出効率を増加させることができる。
ポリガラクツロナーゼは、ペクチナーゼの一種である。一般的にペクチナーゼと分類される酵素には、ポリガラクツロナーゼ、ペクチンリアーゼおよびペクチンメチルエステラーゼが含まれる。ポリガラクツロナーゼはペクチン中のポリガラクツロン酸主鎖のα−1,4結合を加水分解する酵素であり、ペクチンリアーゼはペクチン中のポリガラクツロン酸主鎖のα−1,4結合をβ−脱離反応により分解する酵素であり、ペクチンメチルエステラーゼはペクチンのメチルエステルを加水分解する酵素である。ペクチナーゼは、植物の組織を崩壊させる酵素群の中心に位置付けられる酵素であり、茶類原料をペクチナーゼで処理して抽出する技術は、前記のとおり、本願出願以前より知られている。しかしながら、従来の、例えば、前記特許文献等に記載されているペクチナーゼを通常の添加量で使用して茶類原料を酵素処理しても、十分に茶類の細胞組織の分解が行われているとはいえない。そこで、茶類の細胞組織に対してはペクチナーゼ中のポリガラクツロナーゼ、ペクチンリアーゼ、ペクチンメチルエステラーゼのいずれの酵素が特に有効であるかを検討したところ、ポリガラクツロナーゼは単独でも有効であり、また、従来使用されていたよりも高い活性単位を有するものを使用することにより、細胞組織の十分な分解が行われることを見出した。
なお、本明細書において、ポリガラクツロナーゼ活性は、ソモギーネルソン法(J.Biol.Chem.153,375−380,1994年)により、ポリガラクツロン酸水溶液を基質としてポリガラクツロナーゼを作用させ、酵素反応生成物である還元糖を比色法により定量する方法により測定した値であり、酵素1単位(1U)は、1分間にガラクツロン酸1μmolを生成する酵素量を意味する。
上記のペクチナーゼとしては、市販品として、例えば、ペクチナーゼPL「アマノ」、ペクチナーゼG「アマノ」(以上、天野エンザイム社製)、Pectinase−GODO(合同酒精社製)、スクラーゼ(登録商標)A、N、S(以上、三菱化学フーズ社製)、スミチーム(登録商標)AP−2、SPC、SPG、MC、PX、液状スミチームAP−2、(以上、新日本化学工業社製)、ペクチナーゼXP−534(ナガセケムテックス社製)、ペクチネックス(登録商標)、ペクチネックスウルトラSP−L、ウルトラザイム(登録商標)、ビノザイム(登録商標)、シトロザイム(登録商標)、ピールザイム(登録商標)(以上、ノボノルディスクバイオインダストリー社製);セルロシン(登録商標)PC5、PE60、PEL、可溶性ペクチナーゼT(以上、エイチビィアイ社製)、ペクチナーゼSS、ペクチナーゼHL(以上、ヤクルト薬品工業社製)などを挙げることができる。これらのうち、特にポリガラクツロナーゼ活性の高いペクチナーゼとしては、例えば、スミチームAP−2、SPC、SPG(以上、新日本化学工業社製)を挙げることができる。
一般的な市販のペクチナーゼ製剤のポリガラクツロナーゼ活性は、通常500U/g~約20000U/g程度である。したがって、茶葉原料1gに対し800Uを添加するためには、茶葉原料1gに対して0.04g~1.6gという大量のペクチナーゼ製剤を添加しなければならない。その際、酵素製剤量を、例えば茶葉原料1gに対し0.06g以上、特に0.08g以上添加すると、賦形剤やその他の成分の影響が茶類抽出液に強く出てしまい、得られる茶類エキスの味が薄くなったり、茶とは異質の不自然な甘味が付与されたり、雑味が生じるなど、呈味に悪影響をおよぼすという問題が生じる。したがって、ポリガラクツロナーゼ活性として本来20000U/g以上の高い活性を有するペクチナーゼはそのまま使用することができるが、ポリガラクツロナーゼ活性が20000U/g未満のペクチナーゼ製剤の場合には、例えば、該酵素製剤を水混和性有機溶剤(アセトン、エタノールなど)沈殿、等電点沈殿、限外濾過、ゲル濾過などにより精製し、ポリガラクツロナーゼ活性が20000U/g以上の画分を回収し使用する必要がある。
本発明では、さらに、本発明の効果を妨げない範囲で、ヘミセルラーゼ、プロトペクチナーゼ、グルコアミラーゼ、グルカナーゼ、マンナナーゼ、α−ガラクトシダーゼなど、その他の糖質分解酵素を併用することもできる。
本発明の茶類エキスを製造するための一実施態様を例示すれば、次のとおりである:
茶類原料1重量部に対し、4質量部~40質量部の水および必要に応じ茶類原料の0.1質量%~1質量%のアスコルビン酸またはアスコルビン酸ナトリウムを溶解した溶液を用意し、それに茶類原料を添加し、必要に応じ、約60℃~約121℃で約2秒~約20分間殺菌した後冷却する。ついで、まず、タンナーゼを加えて均一に混合した後、さらに、プロテアーゼおよびトリコデルマ・ロンギブラキアタム(Trichoderma longibrachiatum)またはトリコデルマ・リーゼイ(Trichoderma reesei)由来のセルラーゼを添加して、約20℃~約60℃で約30分~約24時間酵素処理を行う。酵素処理後、約60℃~約121℃で約2秒~約20分間酵素失活し冷却し、遠心分離、濾紙濾過等の適宜な分離手段を用いて分離することにより清澄な茶類エキスを得ることができる。得られる茶類エキスは所望により適宜な濃縮手段を用いて濃縮液の形態とすることもできる。
以上の酵素処理抽出により、酵素処理を全く行わない茶類エキスに比べ、約4倍量~約5倍量のアミノ酸が生成し、また、茶類原料の細胞組織が分解して多量のセロビオースが生成し、原料として使用した茶類のうち、約40質量%~約80質量%を可溶性固形分に変換することができる。
上記方法により、茶類原料からの固形分収率、アミノ酸収率およびセロビオース収率のいずれもが増加する結果、(a)茶類エキスの全固形分(Bx換算)を基準にして、セロビオースを0.8~10質量%含有し、(b)セロビオース/タンニンの質量比が0.03~1.0であり、かつ(c)セロビオース/アミノ酸の質量比が0.08~1.0である茶類エキス;好ましくは、(a)茶類エキスの全固形分(Bx換算)を基準にして、セロビオースを1.5~8質量%含有し、(b)セロビオース/タンニンの質量比が0.05~0.5であり、かつ(c)セロビオース/アミノ酸の質量比が0.15~0.8である茶類エキス;より好ましくは、(a)茶類エキスの全固形分(Bx換算)を基準にして、セロビオースを2~6質量%含有し、(b)セロビオース/タンニンの質量比が0.1~0.3であり、かつ(c)セロビオース/アミノ酸の質量比が0.3~0.6である茶類エキスを得ることができる。
なお、セロビオースは、ほのかな甘味を有する他、酸味のマスキング、苦味のマスキング、異臭のマスキング、ボディー感の付与などの作用があることが知られており、本発明の茶類エキスの甘味、こく味、旨味などはセロビオースの増加が重要な要因の一つとなっているものと推定される。
かくして、本発明は、1態様として、茶類エキス中のセロビオースが茶類原料の酵素分解により生じたものである茶類エキスを提供することができる。
本発明の茶類エキスは、所望により、容器に充填した後又は充填する前に加熱殺菌することにより、長期間保管可能な状態とすることもできる。
また、本発明の茶類エキスは、通常そのまま液状で利用することができるが、所望により、該エキスにデキストリン、化工澱粉、サイクロデキストリン、アラビアガム等の賦形剤を添加して粉末状とすることもできる。
以下、実施例および比較例により本発明をさらに具体的に説明する。
The tea extract of the present invention is, for example, extracted from a tea raw material by adding protease, tannase and a specific cellulase, that is, a cellulase derived from Trichoderma longibrachiatum or Trichoderma reesei. Can be manufactured.
The above tea materials include fresh leaves obtained from buds, leaves, stems, etc. of tea (Camellia sinensis (L) O. Kuntze), which is an evergreen tree of the camellia family, non-fermented tea produced, and semi-fermented tea. Mention may be made of fermented tea. Examples of non-fermented tea include steamed non-fermented tea such as sencha, bancha, hojicha, gyokuro, kabusecha, and tencha, and unfermented tea such as keen fried tea such as Ureshino tea, Aoyagi tea, and various Chinese teas. Examples of the semi-fermented tea include baked tea, iron kannon tea, oolong tea; and examples of the fermented tea include black tea, pu-erh tea, Awaban tea, and Goishi tea. In addition, tea obtained by adding unfermented tea or semi-fermented tea with flowers can be used. Among these, green tea, oolong tea, jasmine tea, and the like are preferable from the viewpoint of obtaining tea extracts having a fresh and natural aroma, sweetness, umami, and the like.
Proteases used for the above-mentioned enzyme treatment of tea raw materials are enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds of proteins and peptides. Such a protease is not particularly limited, and a protease derived from animals or plants or microorganisms can be used. For example, protease A “Amano”, protease M “Amano”, protease P “Amano” 3G, protease N “Amano” , Pancreatin F, Papain W-40, Promeline F (above, Amano Enzyme); Sumiteam (registered trademark) AP, LP, MP, FP, LPL (above, Shinnippon Chemical Co., Ltd.); Protin (registered) Trademark) FN (manufactured by Daiwa Kasei Co., Ltd.); Denapsin (registered trademark) 2P, Denateam (registered trademark) AP, XP-415, purified papain for foods, Biolase (registered trademark) XL-416F, SP-4FG, SP-15FG ( As described above, manufactured by Nagase ChemteX Corporation); Orientase (registered trademark) 22BF, 90N, ON 20A (above, manufactured by HIBI); Morsin (registered trademark) F, PD enzyme, IP enzyme, AO-protease (above, manufactured by Kikkoman Corp.); Sakanase (protease derived from Aspergillus manufactured by Kaken Pharma); Pandidase (registered trademark) NP-2, P, papain solver, protease YP-SS (manufactured by Yakult Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.); Flavorzyme (registered trademark), Protamex (registered trademark), Neutase (registered trademark), Alcalase (registered) Trademark) (manufactured by Novozymes Japan); Cochlase (registered trademark) SS, P (and above, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Foods); VERON PS, COROLASE PN-L, COROLASE N, COROLASE 7089, VERON W, VERON P (and above) Manufactured by AB Enzyme); Protin P, Deskin, Depi Chair, Protin A, Samoaase (registered trademark) (manufactured by Daiwa Kasei Co., Ltd.); Orientase (registered trademark) 90N, 10NL, 22BF, Nucleicin (registered trademark) (manufactured by HIBI); Aroase (registered trademark) AP -10 (manufactured by Yakult Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.); Entilon NBS (manufactured by Toto Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.); Actinase (registered trademark) AS, AF (manufactured by Kaken Pharma); alkaline protease GL440, Purefect (registered trademark) 4000 L, protease 899, Protex 6L, Tasinase (registered trademark) (manufactured by Genencor Kyowa); other examples include animal-derived pepsin and trypsin. These proteases can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The amount of these proteases used varies depending on the titer, etc., and cannot be generally specified. However, it is usually about 0.01 U to about 100 U, preferably about 1 U to about 80 U per gram of tea raw material. it can.
Moreover, as tannase used for the enzyme treatment of said tea raw material, if it has the activity which decomposes | disassembles a tannin, there will be no restriction | limiting in particular and arbitrary things can be used. Specifically, for example, tannase-producing bacteria belonging to the genus Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Mucor and the like are obtained by solid culture or liquid culture according to a conventional method using a medium usually used for culturing these filamentous fungi. And a product obtained by purifying the treated product or its treated product by a conventional method. Commercially available tannase, for example, tannase “Kikkoman (5,000 U / g)” (Kikkoman), tannase “Kikkoman (500 U / g)” (Kikkoman), tannase (Mitsubishi Chemical Foods) Sumiteam TAN (manufactured by Shin Nippon Chemical Co., Ltd.) or the like may be used. These tannases can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The amount of tannase used varies depending on the titer, etc., and cannot be generally specified. However, the amount of tannase is usually about 0.1 U to about 50 U, preferably about 0.5 U to about 45 U per gram of tea raw material. it can.
In the present invention, in addition to the protease and tannase described above, by adding and extracting a cellulase derived from Trichoderma longibrachiatum or Trichoderma reesei, a desired tea extract can be obtained. Can do. As a result, the yield of soluble solids from the tea leaf material is dramatically improved, and the resulting tea extract is rich in cellobiose and amino acids, and has a remarkable sweetness, kokumi and umami. Effects can be obtained.
As described above, a technique for extracting tea raw materials by treatment with cellulase has been known before the present application. In addition, in addition to protease and tannase in addition to protease and tannase, extracted by adding cellulase derived from Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride, etc., add only protease and tannase Compared with the case, a certain effect can be obtained. However, in addition to protease and tannase, the tea raw material (dried tea leaves) is further extracted by adding cellulase derived from Trichoderma longibrachiatum or Trichoderma reesei to tea raw materials. Among them, the surprising phenomenon that about 40% to about 80% by weight is solubilized occurs, cellobiose is produced in large quantities along with the decomposition of cell wall components, and the amount of extracted amino acids also increases. As a result, it has been found that umami, sweetness, kokumi, etc. are enhanced, and a flavorful tea extract can be obtained in high yield.
Examples of the cellulase derived from Trichoderma longibrachiatum or Trichoderma reesei described above include, for example, cellulosin (registered trademark) T3 (manufactured by HIBI), Sumiteam (registered trademark) CS, C (or more). New Nippon Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), Cellulase SS (manufactured by Nagase ChemteX Corporation), Sucrase (registered trademark) C (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Foods), and the like. The amount of cellulase derived from Trichoderma longibrachiatum or Trichoderma reesei varies depending on the titer, etc., and cannot be generally stated, but is usually about 0.1 to about 0.1 g per tea raw material. Examples thereof include 200 U, preferably about 0.5 to about 100 U, more preferably about 1 to about 50 U.
In addition to the above-mentioned cellulase derived from protease, tannase, Trichoderma longibrachiatum or Trichoderma reesei, the polygalacturonase activity is more than 20000 U / g. More efficiently by adding and extracting the enzyme preparation in an amount of 800 U or more, preferably 1000 U to 10000 U, more preferably 1500 U to 5000 U as polygalacturonase activity per 1 g of tea raw material. The tea leaf tissue can be decomposed to increase the extraction efficiency of water-soluble components.
Polygalacturonase is a kind of pectinase. Enzymes generally classified as pectinases include polygalacturonase, pectin lyase and pectin methylesterase. Polygalacturonase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes α-1,4 bonds in the main chain of polygalacturonic acid in pectin. Pectin lyase removes α-1,4 bonds in the main chain of polygalacturonic acid in pectin. Pectin methylesterase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes the methyl ester of pectin. Pectinase is an enzyme that is positioned at the center of an enzyme group that disrupts plant tissues. As described above, a technique for extracting tea raw materials by treatment with pectinase has been known before the filing of the present application. However, even when conventional tea pectinase described in, for example, the above-mentioned patent documents is used in a normal addition amount, tea material is treated with an enzyme, the tea tissue is sufficiently decomposed. That's not true. Therefore, we examined whether polygalacturonase, pectin lyase, or pectin methylesterase in pectinase is particularly effective against tea cell tissues. Polygalacturonase alone is also effective. Moreover, it discovered that sufficient decomposition | disassembly of a cell tissue was performed by using what has an active unit higher than conventionally used.
In the present specification, polygalacturonase activity is determined by allowing polygalacturonase to act on a polygalacturonic acid aqueous solution as a substrate by the Somogy Nelson method (J. Biol. Chem. 153, 375-380, 1994). The enzyme reaction product is a value measured by a colorimetric method for quantifying reducing sugar, and 1 unit of enzyme (1 U) means the amount of enzyme that produces 1 μmol of galacturonic acid per minute.
Examples of the pectinase include commercially available products such as pectinase PL “Amano”, pectinase G “Amano” (manufactured by Amano Enzyme), Pectinase-GODO (manufactured by Godo Shusei Co., Ltd.), sucrase (registered trademark) A, N , S (above, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Foods), Sumiteam (registered trademark) AP-2, SPC, SPG, MC, PX, liquid Sumiteam AP-2 (above, manufactured by Shin Nippon Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), pectinase XP-534 (Manufactured by Nagase ChemteX Corporation), Pectinex (registered trademark), Pectinex Ultra SP-L, Ultrazyme (registered trademark), Vinozyme (registered trademark), Citrozyme (registered trademark), Peelzyme (registered trademark) (above, Novonor Disk bioindustry); Cellulosin (registered trademark) PC5, PE60, PEL Soluble pectinase T (manufactured by HBI Enzymes Inc.), pectinase SS, pectinase HL (manufactured by Yakult Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd.), and the like. Among these, as pectinase having particularly high polygalacturonase activity, for example, Sumiteam AP-2, SPC, SPG (manufactured by Shin Nippon Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) can be mentioned.
The polygalacturonase activity of a general commercial pectinase preparation is usually about 500 U / g to about 20000 U / g. Therefore, in order to add 800 U to 1 g of tea leaf material, a large amount of pectinase preparation of 0.04 g to 1.6 g must be added to 1 g of tea leaf material. At that time, for example, if the amount of the enzyme preparation is added to 0.06 g or more, particularly 0.08 g or more with respect to 1 g of the tea leaf raw material, the influence of excipients and other components is strongly exerted on the tea extract, and the resulting tea There is a problem of adversely affecting the taste, for example, the taste of the fruit extract becomes light, an unnatural sweetness that is different from that of tea, or a miscellaneous taste is produced. Therefore, a pectinase originally having a high activity of 20000 U / g or more as the polygalacturonase activity can be used as it is, but in the case of a pectinase preparation having a polygalacturonase activity of less than 20000 U / g, for example, the enzyme It is necessary to purify the preparation by water miscible organic solvent (acetone, ethanol, etc.) precipitation, isoelectric point precipitation, ultrafiltration, gel filtration, etc., and collect and use fractions with polygalacturonase activity of 20000 U / g or more. There is.
In the present invention, other saccharide-degrading enzymes such as hemicellulase, protopectinase, glucoamylase, glucanase, mannanase, and α-galactosidase can be used in combination as long as the effects of the present invention are not hindered.
An embodiment for producing the tea extract of the present invention is exemplified as follows:
Prepare a solution in which 4 to 40 parts by weight of water and 0.1% to 1% by weight of ascorbic acid or sodium ascorbate of the tea raw material are dissolved as needed per 1 part by weight of the tea raw material, Tea raw materials are added thereto, and if necessary, sterilized at about 60 ° C. to about 121 ° C. for about 2 seconds to about 20 minutes, and then cooled. Subsequently, tannase was first added and mixed uniformly, and then a protease and a cellulase derived from Trichoderma longibrachiatum or Trichoderma reesei were added, and about 20 ° C. to about 60 ° C. For about 30 minutes to about 24 hours. After the enzyme treatment, the enzyme is inactivated at about 60 ° C. to about 121 ° C. for about 2 seconds to about 20 minutes, cooled, and separated using a suitable separation means such as centrifugation or filter paper filtration to obtain a clear tea extract. Obtainable. The obtained tea extract can be in the form of a concentrated solution by using an appropriate concentration means if desired.
The above enzyme-treated extraction produces about 4 to 5 times as much amino acid as tea extract without any enzyme treatment, and the cell tissue of tea materials decomposes to produce a large amount of cellobiose. About 40% by mass to about 80% by mass of tea produced and used as a raw material can be converted into a soluble solid content.
As a result of increasing the solid content yield, the amino acid yield, and the cellobiose yield from the tea raw material by the above method, (a) the cellobiose was determined based on the total solid content (Bx conversion) of the tea extract. 0.8 to 10% by mass, (b) the cellobiose / tannin mass ratio is 0.03 to 1.0, and (c) the cellobiose / amino acid mass ratio is 0.08 to 1.0. Tea extract; Preferably, (a) contains 1.5 to 8% by mass of cellobiose based on the total solid content of the tea extract (converted to Bx), and (b) the mass ratio of cellobiose / tannin is 0.00. And (c) a tea extract having a cellobiose / amino acid mass ratio of 0.15 to 0.8; more preferably (a) the total solid content of the tea extract (Bx conversion) Containing 2-6% by mass of cellobiose based on b) A tea extract having a cellobiose / tannin mass ratio of 0.1 to 0.3 and (c) a cellobiose / amino acid mass ratio of 0.3 to 0.6 can be obtained.
Cellobiose is known to have subtle sweetness, as well as effects such as sour masking, bitter taste masking, off-flavor masking, and body sensation. It is estimated that the increase in cellobiose is one of the important factors for taste and umami.
Thus, the present invention can provide, as one aspect, a tea extract in which cellobiose in the tea extract is produced by enzymatic decomposition of the tea raw material.
If desired, the tea extract of the present invention can be stored for a long period of time by sterilization by heating after filling the container or before filling.
In addition, the tea extract of the present invention can usually be used in a liquid state as it is, but if desired, an excipient such as dextrin, modified starch, cyclodextrin, gum arabic or the like is added to the extract to form a powder. You can also.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples and comparative examples.
実施例1
軟水900gにアスコルビン酸ナトリウム0.6gを溶解した溶液に緑茶葉(中国産蒸青製法)100gを添加し、80℃で5分間殺菌し、45℃まで冷却した。これにタンナーゼ(三菱化学フーズ社製:500U/g)1gを加え、15分間攪拌した。その後、プロテアーゼM(アマノエンザイム社製:5500U/g)1gおよびスミチームC(新日本化学工業社製のTrichoderma longibrachiatum由来のセルラーゼ:1500U/g)0.25gを添加して溶解後、40℃にて8時間酵素処理を行った。
酵素処理後、90℃にて10分間殺菌し、30℃まで冷却し、さらし布にて茶葉残渣固形物を除いた後、No.2濾紙(8cm)にセルロースパウダー10gをプレコートしたヌッチェろ過器を使用して一定圧力にて吸引濾過(減圧度13.33KPa)を行い、清澄な抽出液820gを得た(濾過所要時間4分32秒)。この抽出液を減圧濃縮し、Bx48°の濃縮液145.2gを得た。この濃縮液を95℃、30秒間加熱殺菌して、密閉容器に充填後、急速に常温まで冷却して本発明品1の緑茶類エキスを得た。
実施例2
実施例1において、スミチームC0.25gに代えてセルロシン(登録商標)T3(エイチビィアイ社製のTrichoderma reesei由来のセルラーゼ:2600U/g)0.25gを使用する以外は実施例1と全く同様の操作を行い(濾過所要時間4分10秒)本発明品2(148.8gを得た)。
実施例3
実施例1において、スミチームC0.25gに代えてスクラーゼC(三菱化学フーズ社製のTrichoderma longibrachiatum由来のセルラーゼ:3000U/g)0.25gを使用する以外は実施例1と全く同様の操作を行い(濾過所要時間3分47秒)本発明品3(167.2gを得た)。
参考例1 ポリガラクツロナーゼ活性の測定(ソモギーネルソン法:J.Biol.Chem.153,375−380,1994年参照)
ポリガラクツロン酸を1%含有する50mM酢酸緩衝液(pH4.5)0.9mlに酵素溶液の適当(適切)な希釈液を0.1ml添加する。前記混合溶液を45℃で適当(適切)時間反応させた後、沸騰水浴で10分間加熱して酵素失活し、氷冷し反応液とする。反応液0.3mlにソモギー銅試薬0.3mlを加え、沸騰水浴で10分間加熱し、氷冷し、ネルソン試薬0.3mlを加えて試験管ミキサーにてよく攪拌し、さらにイオン交換水3mlを加えて、試験管ミキサーにてよく攪拌する。この溶液を遠心分離機にて9000回転、3分間処理し、上清の500nmにおける吸光度(Abs.)を測定する。一方、前記酵素溶液の適当(適切)な希釈液をあらかじめ加熱失活したものを用いて、前記と全く同様の操作を行い、ブランクの吸光度とする。使用した酵素濃度、酵素反応時間、吸光度から、酵素1gが1分間に生成させたガラクツロン酸のμmol数を算出し、酵素1gあたりのユニット(U)とする。
測定した酵素およびポリガラクツロナーゼ活性測定値:
スミチームAP2(新日本化学工業社製): 12400U/g
参考例2
スミチームAP2(新日本化学工業社製)100g(上記測定によるポリガラクツロナーゼ活性:12400U/g)をイオン交換水1000gに溶解し、ビバフロー(登録商標)50VF05P2(分画分子量30,000:ザルトリウス社製)で限外ろ過濃縮して、未通過部30mlを回収し、さらに、凍結乾燥し、参考品2(12.0g:上記測定によるポリガラクツロナーゼ活性:86500U/g)を得た。
実施例4
実施例1において、スミチームC0.25gに加えて参考品2を4.8g(茶葉1gに対し、上記測定によるポリガラクツロナーゼ活性として4152U/g)を添加して溶解後、実施例1と全く同様の操作を行い(濾過所要時間3分21秒)本発明品4(183.2gを得た)。
実施例5
実施例1において、スミチームCの添加量を0.25gに代えて0.1gとする以外は実施例1と全く同様の操作を行い(濾過所要時間4分52秒)本発明品5(137.2gを得た)。
実施例6
実施例1において、スミチームCの添加量を0.25gに代えて0.05gとする以外は実施例1と全く同様の操作を行い(濾過所要時間5分25秒)本発明品6(116.5gを得た)。
比較例1
実施例1において、酵素を一切使用しない以外は、実施例1と全く同様の操作を行い(濾過所要時間10分25秒)比較品1(66.8g)を得た。
比較例2
実施例1において、スクラーゼCを使用しない以外は、実施例1と全く同様の操作を行い(濾過所要時間9分57秒)比較品2(72.9g)を得た。
比較例3~15
実施例1において、スミチームC0.25gに代えて、それぞれ、セルロシンAC40(エイチビィアイ社製のAspergillus niger由来のセルラーゼ)0.25g、セルラーゼT「アマノ」4(アマノエンザイム社製のTrichoderma viride由来のセルラーゼ)0.25g、セルラーゼXP−425(ナガセケムテックス社製のTrichoderma viride由来のセルラーゼ)0.25g、セルレースナガセ(ナガセケムテックス社製のAspergillus niger由来のセルラーゼ)0.25g、スミチームAC(新日本化学工業社製のAspergillus niger由来のセルラーゼ)0.25g、セルロシンHC100(エイチビィアイ社製のAspergillus niger由来のキシラナーゼ)0.25g、ヘミセルラーゼ「アマノ」90(アマノエンザイム社製のAspergillus nigerのヘミセルラーゼ)0.25g、スミチームSNX(新日本化学工業社製のAspergillus niger由来のヘミセルラーゼ)0.25g、スミチームACH(新日本化学工業社製のAspergillus niger由来のヘミセルラーゼ)0.25g、可溶性ペクチナーゼT(エイチビィアイ社製のAspergillus nigerのペクチナーゼ)0.25g、スミチームTG(新日本化学工業社製のTrichoderma longibrachiatum由来のグルカナーゼ)0.25g、スミチームINS(新日本化学工業社製のAspergillus niger由来のイヌラーゼ)0.25g、スミチームAGS(新日本化学工業社製のAspergillus niger由来のα−ガラクトシダーゼ)0.25gをそれぞれ使用する以外は実施例1と全く同様の操作を行い比較品3~14を得た(濾過所用時間は、その他の測定値と共に下記表1に示す)。
成分分析
本発明品1~6および比較品1~14について、タンニン、アミノ酸およびセロビオースの濃度(%は質量基準による)の測定を行った。
測定方法
アミノ酸:アミノ酸自動分析計
タンニン:酒石酸鉄法
セロビオース:高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)法
本発明品1~6および比較品1~15の緑茶原料からの収量および各成分の測定値(濃度)および濾過所用時間を下記表1に示す。
なお、上記濾過時間の短縮は、上記少量の調製では分単位の違いであり、大きな差ではないが、一般的にエキス類の工業生産において、濾過工程は全行程の作業時間を律速する工程であり、工業的な大量製造(数トン~数十トン)を行った場合には、大幅な改善となることが予想される。
また、成分的には表1に示したとおり、酵素を全く使用していない比較品1と比べ、プロテアーゼおよびタンナーゼを使用した比較品2~15および本発明品1~6は、いずれも、アミノ酸の含有量が大幅に増加している。
緑茶原料にプロテアーゼ、タンナーゼおよびトリコデルマ・ロンギブラキアタム(Trichoderma longibrachiatum)またはトリコデルマ・リーゼイ(Trichoderma reesei)由来のセルラーゼを添加して抽出した本発明品1~3は、緑茶原料にプロテアーゼとタンナーゼのみを添加して抽出した比較品2、プロテアーゼとタンナーゼに加えて、トリコデルマ・ロンギブラキアタム(Trichoderma longibrachiatum)またはトリコデルマ・リーゼイ(Trichoderma reesei)以外の微生物由来のセルラーゼを添加して抽出した比較品3~7、およびプロテアーゼとタンナーゼに加えてセルラーゼ以外の糖質分解酵素を添加して抽出した比較品8~15と比べ、エキス(Bx48°)の収率が約2倍近くまで増加し、極めて高収率でエキスが得られた。また、本発明品3に使用した酵素に加えてさらに茶葉原料1gに対し約2Uのポリガラクツロナーゼを使用した本発明品4では、エキス収率がさらに増加した。
なお、本発明品5および6は、本発明品1においてトリコデルマ・ロンギブラキアタム(Trichoderma longibrachiatum)由来のセルラーゼの使用量を減らしたものであり、エキス(Bx48°)の収率は本発明品1と比べるとやや少なくなっているが、比較品3~15と比べると、本発明品5で1.4~1.7倍、本発明品6で1.2~1.5倍程度増加しており、本発明により茶類原料からの可溶性固形分収率が大幅に増加することがわかる。
酵素を全く使用していない比較品1にはセロビオースがほとんど含まれておらず、また、緑茶原料にプロテアーゼおよびタンナーゼのみを作用させた比較品2にはセロビオースが0.1質量%程度しか含まれていないが、糖質分解酵素を使用した比較品3~15および本発明品1~6にはセロビオースが0.2質量%~1.7質量%含まれていた。なかでも、セルラーゼとしてトリコデルマ・ロンギブラキアタム(Trichoderma longibrachiatum)またはトリコデルマ・リーゼイ(Trichoderma reesei)由来のセルラーゼを添加して抽出した本発明品1~6は、エキス中のセルビオース濃度が0.48質量%~1.7質量%であり、特に多く含まれていた。
他方、トリコデルマ・ロンギブラキアタム(Trichoderma longibrachiatum)またはトリコデルマ・リーゼイ(Trichoderma reesei)由来のセルラーゼを添加して抽出した本発明品1~6は、他の微生物由来のセルラーゼや他の糖質分解酵素を添加して抽出した比較品3~15と比べ、アミノ酸濃度、タンニン濃度がやや低かった。しかしながら、これは、細胞壁の分解成分の増加により、アミノ酸濃度およびタンニン濃度が相対的に下がったことによるものと考えられる。そこで、下記表2に、本発明品1~6および比較品1~15の緑茶原料からの可溶性固形分収率および各成分の収率(表1より計算により算出)を示す。
また、茶葉からのタンニン収率については、プロテアーゼおよびタンナーゼを添加して抽出した比較品2およびプロテアーゼ、タンナーゼに加えてトリコデルマ・ロンギブラキアタム(Trichoderma longibrachiatum)またはトリコデルマ・リーゼイ(Trichoderma reesei)以外の微生物由来のセルラーゼを添加して抽出した比較品3~15は、いずれも、茶葉質量に対し11~12%程度あり、酵素を全く使用していない比較品1と比べ、ほとんど差がないが、プロテアーゼとタンナーゼに加えてトリコデルマ・ロンギブラキアタム(Trichoderma longibrachiatum)またはトリコデルマ・リーゼイ(Trichoderma reesei)由来のセルラーゼを添加して抽出した本発明品1~6は、茶葉質量に対し13%~14%であり、約2割程度収率が高くなっている。
セルラーゼとしてトリコデルマ・ロンギブラキアタム(Trichoderma longibrachiatum)またはトリコデルマ・リーゼイ(Trichoderma reesei)由来のセルラーゼを添加して抽出した本発明品1~6は、茶葉からのセロビオース収率が0.55%~2.7%程度であり、多量のセロビオースが生成していることがわかる。
官能評価
本発明品1~6および比較品1~15をイオン交換水にて160倍(Bx0.3°)に希釈した後、よく訓練された10名のパネラーにて官能評価を行った。評価方法は、苦渋味、甘味、旨味、バランスについて、それぞれ、非常によい:10点、よい:8点、ややよい:6点、やや悪い:4点、悪い:2点、非常に悪い:0点として官能評価を行い、また、コメントを記した。その平均点およびコメントの平均的な内容を下記表3に示す。
それに対し、プロテアーゼとタンナーゼに加えてトリコデルマ・ロンギブラキアタム(Trichoderma longibrachiatum)またはトリコデルマ・リーゼイ(Trichoderma reesei)由来のセルラーゼを添加して抽出した本発明品1~4は、緑茶の旨味、甘味、こく味が強く、また、苦渋味がほのかでマイルドで、風味全体のバランスがよく、高級抹茶のような呈味であり、極めて高い評価であった。また、本発明品1のトリコデルマ・ロンギブラキアタム(Trichoderma longibrachiatum)由来のセルラーゼの使用量を減らした本発明品5および6も、緑茶の旨味、甘味、こく味があり、苦渋味は感じられるが、ややマイルドで、バランスも悪くないということで、いずれも評価が高かった。
他方、プロテアーゼとタンナーゼに加えてトリコデルマ・ロンギブラキアタム(Trichoderma longibrachiatum)またはトリコデルマ・リーゼイ(Trichoderma reesei)以外の微生物由来のセルラーゼまたはセルラーゼ以外の糖質分解酵素を添加して抽出した比較品3~15は、緑茶の旨味、甘味はある程度感じられるが、苦渋味がやや際だっておりバランスが悪く、本発明品1~6と比較して評価が劣っていた。
成分間の比率
セロビオースは、ほのかな甘味を有する他、酸味のマスキング、苦味のマスキング、異臭のマスキングボディー感の付与などの作用があることが知られており、本発明の茶類エキスの甘味、こく味、旨味などはセロビオースの増加も要因の一つと推定される。すなわち、茶類に本来含まれるアミノ酸やプロテアーゼ処理による分解により生じたアミノ酸の旨味や甘味に加えて、セロビオースそのものの甘味が、茶類の好ましいほのかな甘味や旨味を増強し、また、セロビオースの前記マスキング効果が、カテキンの苦渋味をマスキングし、さらには、タンナーゼ処理により生じた没食子酸の酸味やえぐみをマスキングし、呈味を改善していることが予想される。
表1~表3に示された結果から、本発明品は、セロビオースが他の成分と比較して相対的に多く含まれていると考えられたため、本発明品1~6および比較品1~15について、(a)茶類エキスの全固形分(Bx換算)を基準としたセロビオースの含有量(質量)、(b)セロビオース/タンニンの質量比、(c)セロビオース/アミノ酸の質量比を算出した。その結果を表4に示す。
また、風味的な評価では本発明品1~4ほどではないが、やはり評価の高かった本発明品5および6は、(a)茶類エキスの全固形分(Bx換算)を基準としたセロビオース含有量(質量)は0.99~1.58%、(b)セロビオース/タンニンの質量比は0.043~0.080、(c)セロビオース/アミノ酸の質量比は0.11~0.22の範囲内であった。
一方、比較品1~15は、(a)茶類エキスの全固形分(Bx換算)を基準としたセロビオース含有量(質量)は0.8%未満であり、(b)セロビオース/タンニンの質量比は0.03未満であり、(c)セロビオース/アミノ酸の質量比は0.08未満であった。
したがって、これらの差異により、本発明の茶類エキスの甘味、こく味、旨味などがもたらされたと推定される。
また、その数値的範囲としては、上記実施例から、(a)茶類エキスの全固形分(Bx換算)を基準としたセロビオース含有量(質量)が0.8~10%であり、(b)セロビオース/タンニンの質量比が0.03~1.0であり、かつ(c)セロビオース/アミノ酸の質量比が0.08~1.0であり;好ましくは、(a)茶類エキスの全固形分(Bx換算)を基準としたセロビオース含有量(質量)が1.5~8%であり、(b)セロビオース/タンニンの質量比が0.05~0.5であり、かつ(c)セロビオース/アミノ酸の質量比が0.15~0.8であり、より好ましくは、(a)茶類エキスの全固形分(Bx換算)を基準としたセロビオース含有量(質量)が2~6%であり、(b)セロビオース/タンニンの質量比が0.1~0.3であり、かつ(c)セロビオース/アミノ酸の質量比が0.3~0.6であれば、本発明の効果による呈味がもたらされると考えられる。
Example 1
To a solution of 0.6 g of sodium ascorbate dissolved in 900 g of soft water, 100 g of green tea leaves (Chinese steamed blue) was sterilized at 80 ° C. for 5 minutes and cooled to 45 ° C. 1 g of tannase (Mitsubishi Chemical Foods Co., Ltd .: 500 U / g) was added thereto and stirred for 15 minutes. Then, 1 g of protease M (manufactured by Amano Enzyme: 5500 U / g) and Sumiteam C (cellulase derived from Trichoderma longibrachiatum manufactured by Shin Nippon Chemical Industry: 1500 U / g) were added and dissolved at 40 ° C. Enzyme treatment was performed for 8 hours.
After the enzyme treatment, the mixture was sterilized at 90 ° C. for 10 minutes, cooled to 30 ° C., and the tea leaf residue solid matter was removed with an exposed cloth. 2 Using a Nutsche filter pre-coated with 10 g of cellulose powder on filter paper (8 cm), suction filtration (decompression degree 13.33 KPa) was performed at a constant pressure to obtain 820 g of a clear extract (required filtration time 4 minutes 32 minutes). Seconds). This extract was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 145.2 g of a Bx48 ° concentrate. This concentrated liquid was sterilized by heating at 95 ° C. for 30 seconds, filled into a sealed container, and then rapidly cooled to room temperature to obtain a green tea extract of the product 1 of the present invention.
Example 2
In Example 1, instead of Sumiteam C0.25g, Cellulosin (registered trademark) T3 (Cellulase derived from Trichoderma reesei manufactured by HI) was used in exactly the same manner as Example 1, except that 0.25g was used. Performed (required filtration time: 4 minutes 10 seconds) Product 2 of the present invention (148.8 g was obtained).
Example 3
In Example 1, in place of Sumiteam C 0.25 g, Sucrase C (Trichoderma longibrachiatum-derived cellulase manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Foods Co., Ltd .: 3000 U / g) was used except that 0.25 g was used ( Filtration time 3 minutes 47 seconds) Product 3 of the present invention (167.2 g was obtained).
Reference Example 1 Measurement of polygalacturonase activity (Somogyelson method: see J. Biol. Chem. 153, 375-380, 1994)
0.1 ml of an appropriate dilution of the enzyme solution is added to 0.9 ml of 50 mM acetate buffer (pH 4.5) containing 1% polygalacturonic acid. After reacting the mixed solution at 45 ° C. for an appropriate (appropriate) time, the enzyme is inactivated by heating in a boiling water bath for 10 minutes, and ice-cooled to obtain a reaction solution. Add 0.3 ml of the somogenic copper reagent to 0.3 ml of the reaction solution, heat in a boiling water bath for 10 minutes, cool with ice, add 0.3 ml of Nelson reagent, stir well in a test tube mixer, and add 3 ml of ion-exchanged water. In addition, mix well with a test tube mixer. This solution is treated at 9000 rpm for 3 minutes in a centrifuge, and the absorbance (Abs.) At 500 nm of the supernatant is measured. On the other hand, using a solution obtained by inactivating an appropriate dilution of the enzyme solution in advance, the same operation as described above is performed to obtain the absorbance of the blank. From the enzyme concentration used, the enzyme reaction time, and the absorbance, the μmol number of galacturonic acid produced by 1 g of enzyme per minute is calculated, and the unit (U) per 1 g of enzyme is calculated.
Measured enzyme and polygalacturonase activity measurements:
Sumi Team AP2 (manufactured by Shin Nippon Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.): 12400U / g
Reference example 2
100 g of Sumiteam AP2 (manufactured by Shin Nippon Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) (polygalacturonase activity by the above measurement: 12400 U / g) was dissolved in 1000 g of ion-exchanged water, and Vivaflow (registered trademark) 50VF05P2 (molecular weight cut off 30,000: Sartorius) And 30 ml of the non-passed part was recovered and lyophilized to obtain Reference Product 2 (12.0 g: polygalacturonase activity measured above: 86500 U / g).
Example 4
In Example 1, in addition to 0.25 g of Sumiteam C, 4.8 g of Reference product 2 (4152 U / g as polygalacturonase activity by the above measurement per 1 g of tea leaves) was added and dissolved, and completely the same as Example 1. The same operation was performed (required filtration time: 3 minutes 21 seconds). Product 4 of the present invention (183.2 g was obtained)
Example 5
In Example 1, the same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that the amount of Sumiteam C added was changed to 0.1 g instead of 0.25 g (required filtration time: 4 minutes 52 seconds). Product 5 of the present invention (137.137. 2 g was obtained).
Example 6
In Example 1, the same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that the amount of Sumiteam C added was changed to 0.05 g instead of 0.25 g (required filtration time: 5 minutes 25 seconds). Product 6 (116. 5 g was obtained).
Comparative Example 1
In Example 1, except that no enzyme was used, the same operation as in Example 1 was performed (filtering time 10 minutes 25 seconds) to obtain Comparative Product 1 (66.8 g).
Comparative Example 2
The same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that sucrase C was not used in Example 1 (required filtration time: 9 minutes 57 seconds) to obtain Comparative Product 2 (72.9 g).
Comparative Examples 3-15
In Example 1, instead of Sumiteam C 0.25 g, cerulosin AC40 (cellulase derived from Aspergillus niger manufactured by HIBI) 0.25 g, cellulase T “Amano” 4 (cellulase derived from Trichoderma violet manufactured by Amano Enzyme), respectively 0.25 g, cellulase XP-425 (cellulase derived from Nagase ChemteX) 0.25 g, cell race Nagase (cellulase derived from Aspergillus niger manufactured by Nagase Chemtex) 0.25 g, Sumiteam AC (New Japan) 0.25 g of cellulase derived from Aspergillus niger manufactured by Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., cellulosin HC100 (Aspergillus niger manufactured by HIBI) 0.25 g of conventional xylanase), hemicellulase “Amano” 90 (Aspergillus niger hemicellulase manufactured by Amano Enzyme) 0.25 g, Sumiteam SNX (Aspergillus niger derived hemicellulase derived from Shin Nippon Chemical Industry) 0.25 g 0.25 g of Sumiteam ACH (Aspergillus niger-derived hemicellulase from Shin Nippon Chemical Industries), 0.25 g of soluble pectinase T (Aspergillus niger pectinase from HIBI), Sumiteam TG (Trichoderma from Shinnippon Chemical Co., Ltd.) 0.25 g longibrachiatum-derived glucanase), Sumiteam INS (Aspergillus niger made by Shin Nippon Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) Comparative products 3 to 14 were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 0.25 g and Sumiteam AGS (α-galactosidase derived from Aspergillus niger manufactured by Shin Nippon Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) 0.25 g were used. The filtration station time is shown in Table 1 below together with other measured values).
Component Analysis The inventive products 1 to 6 and comparative products 1 to 14 were measured for tannin, amino acid and cellobiose concentrations (% based on mass).
Measuring method Amino acid: Amino acid automatic analyzer Tannin: Iron tartrate method Cellobiose: High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method Yield from green tea raw materials and measured values (concentration) of each component of the present invention products 1-6 and comparative products 1-15 Table 1 below shows the filtration time.
In addition, the shortening of the filtration time is a difference in minute units in the small amount of preparation, and is not a big difference. Generally, in the industrial production of extracts, the filtration step is a step of limiting the work time of the whole process. Yes, when industrial mass production (several to several tens of tons) is carried out, it is expected to be a significant improvement.
In addition, as shown in Table 1, the comparative products 2 to 15 using the protease and tannase and the products 1 to 6 of the present invention are all amino acids compared to the comparative product 1 that does not use any enzyme. The content of has increased significantly.
Inventive products 1 to 3 extracted by adding cellulase derived from protease, tannase and Trichoderma longibrachiatum or Trichoderma reesei to green tea material, only protease and tannase are added to green tea material Comparative product 2 extracted in this way, Comparative products 3-7 extracted by adding cellulases derived from microorganisms other than Trichoderma longibrachiatum or Trichoderma reesei, in addition to protease and tannase, Compared with comparative products 8 to 15 extracted by adding saccharide-degrading enzymes other than cellulase in addition to protease and tannase, The yield of kiss (Bx48 °) was increased to almost double, and an extract was obtained with extremely high yield. Further, in addition to the enzyme used in the product 3 of the present invention, the extract yield was further increased in the product 4 of the present invention using about 2 U of polygalacturonase per 1 g of tea leaf raw material.
The products 5 and 6 of the present invention are obtained by reducing the amount of cellulase derived from Trichoderma longibrachiatum in the product 1 of the present invention, and the yield of the extract (Bx48 °) is 1 Compared with comparative products 3 to 15, it is 1.4 to 1.7 times higher for product 5 of the present invention, and about 1.2 to 1.5 times higher for product 6 of the present invention. Thus, it can be seen that the yield of soluble solids from tea materials is greatly increased by the present invention.
Comparative product 1 which does not use any enzyme contains almost no cellobiose, and comparative product 2 in which only protease and tannase are allowed to act on a green tea raw material contains only about 0.1% by mass of cellobiose. However, Comparative Products 3 to 15 and Invention Products 1 to 6 using a saccharide-degrading enzyme contained 0.2% to 1.7% by mass of cellobiose. In particular, the products 1 to 6 of the present invention extracted by adding a cellulase derived from Trichoderma longibrachiatum or Trichoderma reesei as a cellulase has a cellobiose concentration of 0.48% by mass in the extract. It was ~ 1.7% by mass and was particularly contained in a large amount.
On the other hand, the products 1 to 6 of the present invention extracted by adding a cellulase derived from Trichoderma longibrachiatum or Trichoderma reesei contain cellulases and other saccharide-degrading enzymes derived from other microorganisms. The amino acid concentration and tannin concentration were slightly lower than those of comparative products 3 to 15 extracted by addition. However, this is considered to be due to the relative decrease in the amino acid concentration and the tannin concentration due to an increase in the degradation component of the cell wall. Therefore, Table 2 below shows the soluble solids yield and the yield of each component (calculated from Table 1) from the green tea raw materials of the present invention products 1 to 6 and comparative products 1 to 15.
Regarding the tannin yield from tea leaves, Comparative Product 2 extracted by adding protease and tannase and microorganisms other than protease and tannase, other than Trichoderma longibrachiatum or Trichoderma reesei Comparative products 3 to 15 extracted with the addition of cellulase derived from them are all about 11 to 12% of the tea leaf mass, and there is almost no difference compared to comparative product 1 that does not use any enzyme. And cellulase derived from Trichoderma longibrachiatum or Trichoderma reesei in addition to and tannase Extraction present invention products 1 to 6 and is 13% to 14% with respect to tea mass is higher of about about 20% yield.
The product 1 to 6 of the present invention extracted by adding cellulase derived from Trichoderma longibrachiatum or Trichoderma reesei as a cellulase has a cellobiose yield from tea leaves of 0.55% to 2. It is about 7%, and it can be seen that a large amount of cellobiose is generated.
Sensory evaluation After the inventive products 1 to 6 and comparative products 1 to 15 were diluted 160 times (Bx 0.3 °) with ion-exchanged water, sensory evaluation was performed by 10 well-trained panelists. Evaluation method is very good: 10 points, good: 8 points, slightly good: 6 points, slightly bad: 4 points, bad: 2 points, very bad: 0 for bitter astringency, sweet taste, umami, and balance, respectively. Sensory evaluation was performed as points, and comments were made. The average points and average contents of comments are shown in Table 3 below.
On the other hand, the products 1 to 4 of the present invention extracted by adding cellulase derived from Trichoderma longibrachiatum or Trichoderma reesei in addition to protease and tannase are the taste, sweetness, and richness of green tea. The taste was strong, the bitter and astringent taste was mild and mild, the balance of the whole flavor was good, and it tasted like high-quality matcha, which was highly evaluated. In addition, the products 5 and 6 of the present invention in which the amount of cellulase derived from Trichoderma longibrachiatum of the product 1 of the present invention is reduced also have the umami, sweetness and rich taste of green tea, and bitter and astringent taste is felt. It was a little mild and the balance was not bad.
On the other hand, comparative products 3 to 15 extracted by adding a cellulase derived from a microorganism other than Trichoderma longibrachiatum or Trichoderma reesei or a saccharide-degrading enzyme other than cellulase in addition to protease and tannase The taste and sweetness of green tea are felt to some extent, but the bitter and astringent taste is somewhat outstanding and unbalanced, and the evaluation is inferior compared with the products 1 to 6 of the present invention.
The cellobiose ratio between the components is known to have a subtle sweetness, as well as effects such as sour masking, bitter taste masking, and off-flavor masking body feeling.The sweetness of the tea extract of the present invention, The increase in cellobiose is estimated to be one of the factors for kokumi and umami. That is, in addition to the umami and sweetness of the amino acids originally contained in teas and the amino acids generated by degradation by protease treatment, the sweetness of cellobiose itself enhances the preferred subtle sweetness and umami of teas, It is expected that the masking effect masks the bitter and astringent taste of catechin, and further masks the acidity and umami of gallic acid produced by tannase treatment, thereby improving the taste.
From the results shown in Tables 1 to 3, it was considered that the product of the present invention contained a relatively large amount of cellobiose as compared with other components. Therefore, the products of the present invention 1 to 6 and the comparative product 1 to 15: (a) Cellobiose content (mass) based on total solid content of tea extract (Bx equivalent), (b) Cellobiose / tannin mass ratio, (c) Cellobiose / amino acid mass ratio did. The results are shown in Table 4.
In addition, in the flavor evaluation, the present invention products 5 and 6 which were not as high as the present invention products 1 to 4 were (a) cellobiose based on the total solid content (Bx conversion) of tea extracts. The content (mass) is 0.99 to 1.58%, the mass ratio of (b) cellobiose / tannin is 0.043 to 0.080, and the mass ratio of (c) cellobiose / amino acid is 0.11 to 0.22. It was in the range.
On the other hand, Comparative products 1 to 15 have a cellobiose content (mass) of less than 0.8% based on the total solid content (Bx conversion) of (a) tea extracts, and (b) the mass of cellobiose / tannin. The ratio was less than 0.03, and the (c) cellobiose / amino acid mass ratio was less than 0.08.
Therefore, it is presumed that the sweetness, kokumi, umami and the like of the tea extract of the present invention were brought about by these differences.
In addition, as a numerical range, from the above examples, (a) the cellobiose content (mass) based on the total solid content (Bx conversion) of the tea extract is 0.8 to 10%, (b ) The cellobiose / tannin mass ratio is 0.03 to 1.0, and (c) the cellobiose / amino acid mass ratio is 0.08 to 1.0; preferably (a) all of the tea extracts The cellobiose content (mass) based on solid content (Bx conversion) is 1.5 to 8%, (b) the mass ratio of cellobiose / tannin is 0.05 to 0.5, and (c) The cellobiose / amino acid mass ratio is 0.15 to 0.8, more preferably (a) the cellobiose content (mass) based on the total solid content (Bx conversion) of the tea extract is 2 to 6%. (B) the mass ratio of cellobiose / tannin is 0.1 to 0.3 Ri, and (c) if 0.3 to 0.6 mass ratio of cellobiose / amino acid taste due to the effect of the present invention is believed to result.
Claims (5)
(a) 茶類エキスの全固形分(Bx換算)を基準にして、セロビオースを0.8~10質量%含有し、
(b) セロビオース/タンニンの質量比が0.03~1.0であり、かつ、
(c) セロビオース/アミノ酸の質量比が0.08~1.0である
ことを特徴とする茶類エキス。 Comprising at least tannins, amino acids and cellobiose,
(A) Based on the total solid content of the tea extract (converted to Bx), containing 0.8-10% by mass of cellobiose,
(B) the mass ratio of cellobiose / tannin is 0.03 to 1.0, and
(C) A tea extract having a cellobiose / amino acid mass ratio of 0.08 to 1.0.
(b) セロビオース/タンニンの質量比が0.05~0.5であり、かつ、
(c) セロビオース/アミノ酸の質量比が0.15~0.8である
請求項1に記載の茶類エキス。 (A) Based on the total solid content of the tea extract (converted to Bx), containing 1.5-8% by mass of cellobiose,
(B) the mass ratio of cellobiose / tannin is 0.05 to 0.5, and
(C) The tea extract according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of cellobiose / amino acid is 0.15 to 0.8.
(b) セロビオース/タンニンの質量比が0.1~0.3であり、かつ、
(c) セロビオース/アミノ酸の質量比が0.3~0.6である
請求項1に記載の茶類エキス。 (A) 2 to 6% by mass of cellobiose based on the total solid content of tea extract (converted to Bx),
(B) the mass ratio of cellobiose / tannin is 0.1 to 0.3, and
(C) The tea extract according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of cellobiose / amino acid is 0.3 to 0.6.
Priority Applications (5)
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| HK13105090.3A HK1178025B (en) | 2010-10-08 | Extract of teas | |
| JP2012537543A JP5400970B2 (en) | 2010-10-08 | 2010-10-08 | Tea extract |
| CN201080002503.2A CN102905545B (en) | 2010-10-08 | 2010-10-08 | Tea Extract |
| PCT/JP2010/068213 WO2012046346A1 (en) | 2010-10-08 | 2010-10-08 | Tea extract |
| TW100100003A TWI404504B (en) | 2010-10-08 | 2011-01-03 | Extract of teas |
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| PCT/JP2010/068213 WO2012046346A1 (en) | 2010-10-08 | 2010-10-08 | Tea extract |
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| PCT/JP2010/068213 Ceased WO2012046346A1 (en) | 2010-10-08 | 2010-10-08 | Tea extract |
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| JP (1) | JP5400970B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102905545B (en) |
| TW (1) | TWI404504B (en) |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016116620A1 (en) * | 2015-01-22 | 2016-07-28 | Pfeifer & Langen GmbH & Co. KG | Cellobiose-containing drink |
| DE202016008304U1 (en) | 2015-01-22 | 2017-07-05 | Pfeifer & Langen GmbH & Co. KG | Cellobiose in compositions for consumption or ingestion |
| EP3364775B1 (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2021-05-26 | Givaudan SA | Method of masking off-tastes with cellobiose and/or psicose |
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| DE202016008304U1 (en) | 2015-01-22 | 2017-07-05 | Pfeifer & Langen GmbH & Co. KG | Cellobiose in compositions for consumption or ingestion |
| EP3364775B1 (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2021-05-26 | Givaudan SA | Method of masking off-tastes with cellobiose and/or psicose |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| TW201215325A (en) | 2012-04-16 |
| HK1178025A1 (en) | 2013-09-06 |
| CN102905545B (en) | 2015-01-07 |
| JP5400970B2 (en) | 2014-01-29 |
| JPWO2012046346A1 (en) | 2014-02-24 |
| CN102905545A (en) | 2013-01-30 |
| TWI404504B (en) | 2013-08-11 |
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