WO2011138379A1 - Tool holder comprising a cutting tool for turning - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a machine tool (70) for turning about an axis (75), having a cutting tool (178) which is accommodated in a receiving unit (76) on a tool holder (73). The cutting tool (78) has a plurality of cutting teeth (84). A cutting nose (85) is formed on the cutting teeth (84). The cutting noses (85) have a common tangent (88). The common tangent (88) is located in a plane through which the axis of rotation (75) passes.

Description

 The invention relates to a machine tool for turning about an axis with a cutting tool received in a receiving unit on a tool carrier. The invention also relates to a tool carrier designed as a facing head with a rotation axis and with a cutting tool for connection to the rotating machine spindle of a machine tool. In particular, the invention relates to a cutting insert for a cutting tool in such a machine tool or for such a facing knob. In addition, the invention relates to a method for facing. In turning, the cutting edge of a cutting tool on a workpiece is circularly moved relative to the workpiece about an axis. In order to rotate a plane or conical workpiece surface, the cutting edge of the cutting tool must be displaced in the direction perpendicular to this axis in accordance with a displacement corresponding to the difference of the largest and smallest distance of a point on the workpiece surface from this axis.

In particular lathes are used for the turning of workpieces. In general, a lathe has a chuck for receiving a workpiece and a tool carrier with a cutting tool. In the chuck, the workpiece can be rotated on a spindle. The cutting tool in the tool carrier is adjustable. It can be moved with the tool carrier on the rotating workpiece. The turning of workpieces can also be done in drilling or milling machines. For this purpose, in particular tool heads are used as a tool carrier, which have an adjustable slider with a recorded on the slider cutting tool. The tool head is mounted on the machine spindle of the drilling or milling machine. Here, the cutting tool is moved with a rotating tool head on a workpiece. It can be adjusted by means of the slider.

The turning of workpieces in machine tools, in particular drilling or milling machines, is also possible with the so-called circular facing method. Here, the cutting tool is also set with a tool carrier on the machine spindle. In circular face turning, the cutting tool is rotated about the machine spindle and at the same time by moving the machine spindle in two different directions perpendicular to the spindle axis spatial directions or by corresponding displacement of the workpiece, the cutting tool relative to the workpiece moves translationally. By coordinating the rotational movement of the machine spindle with this translational movement, the cutting tool can be moved relative to the workpiece on circular paths with a variable diameter. In particular, the cutting tool can be moved relative to the workpiece in this way on circular paths whose diameter continuously increases or decreases.

Proceeding from this, the object of the invention is to provide a machine tool for turning about an axis with a cutting tool, which enables the turning of conical and in particular flat surfaces on a workpiece with a reduced relative displacement for cutting tool or workpiece with respect to the axis allows. This object is achieved by a machine tool of the type mentioned, in which the cutting tool has a plurality of cutting teeth on each of which a cutting corner is formed, wherein the cutting corners have a common tangent, which lies in a traversed by the axis of rotation plane.

The invention is based on the idea that the relative adjustment path for a cutting tool or workpiece in the turning of plane or conical surfaces can be reduced by forming the cutting tool with a multiplicity of juxtaposed cutting edges which simultaneously with the workpiece can be brought into engagement. Namely, a small relative displacement in the turning operation for the cutting tool or the workpiece with respect to the rotation axis enables compact shapes for tool carriers and chucks in a machine tool. Such tool carrier and clamping devices can be interpreted with relatively little design effort for high machining accuracy. In addition, a time-saving workpiece machining is possible with simultaneous engagement of a plurality of cutting into a workpiece.

The displaceable receiving unit may be formed as an adjustable slide, which is accommodated in a bearing on a base body. Such a slider is preferably guided linearly movably in the bearing on the base body. It can be moved in the bearing, for example by means of an advantageous manner in the tool carrier arranged motor drive. Alternatively or in addition to a motor drive, it is possible to provide for such a slide a movable pull or rotary rod as a drive, which can be displaced in the axis of the machine spindle. It is particularly possible to form the tool carrier as a tool head in the form of a facing head, which is designed for connection to the rotating machine spindle of a machine tool. With the cutting tool on the tool carrier particularly good cutting effects are achieved when the common tangent of the cutting corners of the cutting teeth cuts the axis of rotation. The cutting corners of the cutting teeth may in particular be formed with a corner rounding or with a corner bevel or with a sharp corner.

It is advantageous if the cutting teeth each have a main cutting edge adjoining the cutting edge and in each case a secondary cutting edge adjoining the cutting edge. Preferably, the main cutting edges of the cutting teeth are aligned parallel to each other. The same applies to the minor cutting edges of the cutting teeth. By the main and the minor cutting edges define a chip breaker groove formed on the cutting teeth, the safe removal of machined material over the cutting teeth can be ensured. A particularly good cutting effect can be achieved if the main cutting edge and the secondary cutting edge of a cutting tooth span a plane inclined to the axis of rotation, i. define.

In particular, it is an idea of the invention to form a tool carrier with an axis of rotation and with a cutting tool for connection to the rotating machine spindle of a machine tool, in that the cutting tool has a plurality of cutting teeth on which there is a cutting corner which has a cutting edge in one of the Axis of rotation interspersed plane lying common tangent. An idea of the invention is also to use for turning planographic or conical surfaces cutting tooling with inserts that are similar how tapping inserts have a multitude of teeth. A corresponding cutting plate can also be designed as an indexable insert. The cutting teeth of such an insert have cutting corners with a common tangent. At least one cutting tooth preferably has a cutting corner with a main cutting edge adjoining the cutting edge and a secondary cutting edge adjoining the cutting edge, which bound a rake face. This rake face is tilted towards the plane defined by the common tangent of the cutting corners and the main cutting edge, at least in the region of the main cutting edge.

It is favorable, in particular for the cutting tool, to provide a modular tool holder on the receiving unit. It is advantageous to define the cutting plate on the holder in a plate seat on a plate contact surface whose surface normal encloses an acute angle α with the surface normal of the plane defined by the rotation axis and the cutting edges tangentially contacting common tangent plane. Preferably, the angle δ is between -10 ° and 20 °. This angle is preferably 0 ° <δ <5 °. In the inventive lathe machine tool according to the invention with a cutting tool facing a workpiece surface of a workpiece is made possible by the cutting tool is moved relative to the workpiece about a rotation axis while the cutting tool under cutting engagement in the workpiece first in the direction of the axis and then in a the axis perpendicular plane is shifted transversely to the axis.

A realization of the invention is also that sealing flanges, which are produced with such a facing method, in conjunction with sealing rings have a better sealing behavior than sealing flanges, which are manufactured by face milling. The facing method according to the invention Namely ensures a fine groove structure of the machined surface of the workpiece. This groove structure is conducive to the sealing behavior of a corresponding flange. In the following the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the embodiments schematically illustrated in the drawing.

1 shows a tool carrier designed as a facing head with cutting tool;

Fig. 2a and Fig. 2b shows a cutting plate with a plurality of cutting teeth for the

 Cutting tool;

3 shows a designed for receiving on the tool carrier holder for a cutting plate.

4 shows a machine tool with a tool carrier designed as a facing head with a cutting tool and a workpiece;

5 shows a relative movement of cutting tool and workpiece with decreasing diameter in the milling machine;

6 shows a lathe with a tool carrier designed as a carriage with a cutting tool and a workpiece; Fig. 7 is a cutting plate for a tool carrier with

A cutting tool having a plurality of cutting teeth with a corner bevel; 8 shows a machine tool for circular face turning; and

Fig. 9 is a section of the machine tool along the line

 IX - IX in FIG. 8. The tool carrier with cutting tool shown in FIG. 1 is a facing head 1. The facing head 1 has a base body 2 and a shank 3 as an interface for connection to the machine spindle in an e.g. as a drilling or milling machine trained machine tool. The facing head 1 is a tool head with a tool kopfachse 4. The Werkzeugkopfachse 4 is an axis of rotation. When connected to the machine spindle of a drilling or milling machines, the facing head 1 is about the tool kopfachse 4 is rotated.

The facing head 1 includes a slider 6 as a receiving unit for a cutting tool 8. The slider 6 is guided linearly movable in a bearing on the base body 2. The slider 6 can be moved perpendicular to the rotation axis 4 in accordance with the double arrow 34. The cutting tool 8 is mounted with a modular tool holder 10 on the slider 6. The cutting tool 8 comprises a cutting plate 12. The cutting plate 12 is fixed in a plate seat 14 on a holder 16 with a fastening screw 18. The cutting plate 12 has a plurality of cutting teeth 21-25. Each cutting tooth 21-25 has a cutting corner 26-30. The cutting corners 26-30 of the cutting teeth 21-25 lie on a common straight line 32. The straight line 32 tangentially contacts the cutting corners 26-30 , The straight line 32 is a common tangent of the cutting corners 26-30. The straight line 32 cuts the workpieces. kopug head 4. With the tool kopfachse 4 includes the straight line 32 the angle α = 90 °. The cutting plate 12 is arranged inclined in the insert seat 14 to the kopfachse of the tool 4 and the straight line 32 plane 33.

The slide 6 of the facing head 1 can be adjusted according to the double arrow 34 transverse to the tool kopfachse 4. For the adjustment of the slide 6, the facing head 1 has an electric drive. By adjusting the slider 6 corresponding to the double arrow 34, the cutting tool 8 can be moved along the straight line 32.

FIGS. 2a and 2b are perspective views of the cutting insert 12 in the flat head 1 from FIG. 1. For fixing in the insert seat 14 by means of a fastening screw 15 in the holder 16, the cutting plate 12 has a bore 17. The cutting corners 26-30 of the cutting plate 12 have a corner rounding. The cutting teeth 21 - 25 of the cutting plate 12 are designed asymmetrically. At each cutting corner 26 - 30 of the cutting plate is followed in each case a main cutting edge 35 - 39 and a secondary cutting edge 41 - 45 at. The main cutting edges 35-39 and the minor cutting edges 41-45 on each cutting tooth 26-34 delimit a rake face 46-50. The rake faces 46-50 are tilted in the region of a main cutting edge 35-39 at a rake angle γ with respect to the straight line 32. The main and secondary cutting edges 35-39 and 41-45 of each cutting tooth 26-30 each clamp planes 51-55 which are inclined in the facing head 1 to the rotation axis 4 and opposite to the straight line 32 and the rotation axis 4 spanned level 33 are tilted. These planes 51-55 are parallel to each other.

Fig. 3 shows the holder 16 for the cutting plate 12. On the holder 16, a plate seat 14 is formed with a straight line 58 for the fastening screw 15 of the cutting plate. The holder 16 has a shaft 60. The shaft 60 has an interface 61. With the interface 61, the holder 16 can be attached to the modular tool holder 10. At the modular tool holder 10 on the slide 6, the axis 62 of the shaft 60 is aligned parallel to the axis of rotation 4 of the facing head 1.

The insert seat 14 is inclined away from the axis 62 of the shaft 60. The vertical projection of the axis 62 on the plane 64 of the insert seat 14 includes with the axis 62 at an angle δ = 20 °. That is to say, the surface normal 63 of the plane 64 encloses the angle ε = 70 ° with the axis of rotation 4 of the tool head 1 in FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 shows a machine tool designed as a milling machine 70 with a facing head 73 and a workpiece 104. The facing head 73 is connected to the machine spindle 74 of the milling machine 70. It can be moved in the milling machine 70 about the rotation axis 75 of the machine spindle 74. The workpiece 104 in the milling machine 70 can be displaced according to the double arrows 86, 87 by means of a workpiece table, not shown. The facing head 73 has a base body 72 in which a slider 76 is mounted linearly movable. The slider 76 carries a cutting tool 78 with a holder 79 for a cutting plate 80. The cutting plate 80 has cutting teeth 84 with a sharp cutting edge 85. Each cutting corner 85 has a rotation axis 75 of the milling machine facing main cutting edge 82. The cutting corners 85 touch the straight line 88th tangential. The straight line 88 is a common tangent of the cutting corners 85 and intersects the axis of rotation 75 of the machine spindle 74. The facing head 72 includes an electric motor 90. The electric motor 90 has a drive shaft 92 which is operatively connected to a spindle 95 via gears 93, 94. The spindle 95 is in engagement with a thread 96 of a component 98, which is firmly connected to the slider 76. The adjustable slide 76 in the facing head 73 can be so by means of the electric motor 90 in the rotary head 90 according to the Double arrow 91 with rotating face turning head 72. The electric motor 90 is connected to a control unit 99 via an interface 97 for energy and data. For facing the surface 102 of a workpiece 104 in the milling machine, the slider tool 78 is first brought into engagement with the workpiece 104 by moving the facing head 72 parallel to the axis of rotation 75 of the machine spindle 74. Then, the slide 76 in the facing head 72 in a direction of rotation 75 of the milling machine 70 send- send working means 77 by at least slightly more than a tooth width b, preferably by 1, 3 to 1, 5 times a tooth width of the cutting teeth of the cutting tool 78th relocated.

5 shows the relative movement of workpiece 104 and cutting plate 80. The cutting teeth 84 of the cutting plate 80 are moved relative to the workpiece in the direction of the arrow 105 on a helix 106 about the rotation axis 75 of the milling machine 70. Also a reverse processing is possible. In this machining, a plane surface 182 with a fine groove structure 185 is formed on the workpiece. The workpiece surface 182 can also be machined with a cutting plate, which is displaced with increasing distance from the rotation axis 75. In that case, however, the cutting edges of the cutting insert pointing in the corresponding working direction must be designed in such a way that they can act as main cutting edges. FIG. 6 shows a machine tool formed as a lathe 1 10 with a workpiece 120. The workpiece 120 is received in a lathe chuck 1 10 in a chuck 121. The chuck 121 is rotatable. It can be moved by means of an electric motor 124 about the rotation axis 122 on a spindle 123. The lathe 1 10 includes a cross slide 1 12 with a cutting plate carrier 1 14. In the cutting plate support 1 14 is a plurality of teeth 1 17 having Insert 1 18 fixed. The cutting corners of the cutting teeth 1 17 touch the straight line 1 19. The straight line 1 19 is a common tangent of the cutting corners of the cutting teeth 1 17 and lies in a direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation 122 level. In principle, however, this plane could also be inclined to the axis of rotation 122. The cross slide 1 12, the cutting plate support 1 14 and the cutting plate 1 18 form a tool carrier with cutting tool 1 16. The cutting plate carrier 1 14 with the cutting plate 1 18 can be moved to the cross slide 1 12 corresponding to the double arrow 1 1 1. The lathe 1 10 realizes the kinematic reversal when machining a workpiece 120 relative to the milling machine 70 in FIG. 3.

FIG. 7 shows a cutting plate 130, which has cutting teeth 132 with corner bevels 134. In the cutting plate 130, the cutters 136, 158 are formed on both sides of a corner chamfer 134 so as to be used as main cutting edges. The cutting plate 130 is thus suitable for the facing of a workpiece in two opposite machining directions. 8 is a milling machine 270 suitable for circular facing. The machine spindle 274 of the milling machine 270 can be displaced in the direction of the axis of rotation 275 corresponding to the double arrow 281. On the machine spindle 274, a tool carrier 276 is fixed. The tool carrier 276 holds a cutting tool 278 with an insert holder 279. The cutting tool 278 includes a cutting plate 280. The cutting plate 280 has five cutting teeth 285. Each cutting tooth 285 has a chamfered cutting corner 286 to which a first cutting edge 287 and a second cutting edge 288 connects. The cutting corners 286 have a common tangent 289. This common tangent 289 lies in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation 275 of the machine spindle 274. The cutting 287, 288 of each Cutting teeth 285 are designed to act as a major cutting edge as well as a minor cutting edge when machining a workpiece 204. 9 is a section of the milling machine 270 along the line IX - IX in Fig. 8. The machine spindle 274 can be rotated about the rotation axis 275 corresponding to the double arrow 290 and corresponding to the double arrow 292, 294 in one to the axis of rotation 275 of the machine spindle 274th vertical plane. Milling machine 270, which is suitable for circular face turning, thereby permits a coordinated movement of machine spindle 274 with the cutting tool 278 received thereon in such a way that cutting plate 280, relative to workpiece 204 about axis 296, corresponds to movement path 298 Performs circular motion. By machining into the surface 202 of the workpiece 204 such a plan machining of this workpiece surface is possible. Because the geometry of the cutting edges 287, 288 of each of the cutting tool cutting tools 285 allows for major and minor cutting work engagement, the surface machining of the surface 202 of the workpiece 204 may be both increasing and decreasing on the cutting blade 280 from the axis 296 respectively.

The machine tools with cutting tool described in particular allow a rational processing of sealing flanges in workpieces. In corresponding sealing flanges, a fine groove structure is incorporated by means of the cutting tool. This groove structure is desirable because it improves the sealing effect of sealing rings.

In summary, the following should be noted: The invention relates to a machine tool 70 for turning about an axis 4, 75, 122 with a in a receiving unit 6, 76 on a tool carrier 1, 73, 1 16 The cutting tool 8, 78, 1 18 has a plurality of cutting teeth 21 - 25. At the cutting teeth 21 - 25 a cutting corner 26 - 30 is formed. The cutting corners 26-30 have a common tangent 32. The common tangent 32 lies in a plane penetrated by the axis 4, 75, 122.

Claims

claims 1 . Machine tool (70, 1 10, 270) for turning about an axis (4, 75, 122, 296) with a in a receiving unit (6, 76) on a Tool carrier (1, 73, 1 16, 276) recorded cutting tool (8, 78, 1 16, 278), characterized in that the cutting tool (8, 78, 1 16, 278) a plurality of cutting teeth (21 - 25, 84, 1 17, 285), on which a cutting edge (26 - 30, 85, 286) is formed, which has a common tangent (32, 88, 19) lying in a plane through which the axle (4, 75, 122, 296) passes , 289). 2. Machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the tool carrier a base body (2, 72) with a relative to the axis (4, 75, 122) on the base body (2, 72) displaceable receiving unit (6, 76) having, which is equipped with the cutting tool (8, 78, 1 16). 3. Machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that the displaceable receiving unit is a on the base body (2, 72) adjustable slider (6, 76), the manually, in particular by means of a Pull or rotary rod, or by means of a motor drive (90) can be moved. 4. Machine tool according to claim 3, characterized in that the adjustable slide on the base body (2, 72) linearly movable is guided. 5. Machine tool according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the common straight line (32) intersects the axis (4). 6. Machine tool according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the cutting corners (26 - 30) of the cutting teeth (21 - 25) with a corner rounding (36) or with a Eckenfase (134) or with a sharp corner (35) are formed. 7. Machine tool according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the cutting teeth (21 - 25) adjoining the cutting corner (26 - 30) main cutting edge (35 - 39) and adjoining the cutting corner secondary cutting edge (41 - 45) to have. 8. Machine tool according to claim 7, characterized in that the main cutting edges (35-39) and the secondary cutting edges (41-45) define a cutting teeth groove (46-49) formed on the cutting teeth (21-25). 9. Machine tool according to claim 7 or claim 8, characterized in that the main cutting edge (35-39) and the minor cutting edge (41-45) of a cutting tooth (21-25) have a plane (51-55) inclined to the axis (4). Are defined. 10. Machine tool according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the main cutting edges (35 - 39) of the cutting teeth (21 - 25) and / or the minor cutting edges (41 - 45) of the cutting teeth (21 - 25) are parallel to each other. Machine tool according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the cutting tool (8) with a modular tool holder (10) on the receiving unit (6) is fixed, wherein the cutting tool (8) has a holder (16) for a cutting plate (12 ), on which a cutting tooth (21 - 25) having a plurality, preferably designed as an indexable cutting insert (12) is fixed. Machine tool according to claim 1 1, characterized in that the cutting plate (12) on the holder (16) in a plate seat (14) on a plate contact surface (64) is fixed, the surface normal (65) with the surface normal of the axis (4 ) and the plane defined by the common tangent (32) of the cutting corners (26-40) includes an acute angle δ which is between -10 ° and 20 °, wherein preferably: = 0 ° <δ <10 °. Characterized in that the cutting tool (8, 78, 1 18) comprises a plurality of cutting teeth (21, 21), 25, 84, 17), on which a cutting corner (26-30, 85) is formed, which has a common tangent (32, 88, 1 19) lying in a plane through which the rotation axis (4, 75, 122) passes. to have. Cutting plate (12) with a plurality of cutting edges (21 - 25) having a common straight line (32) tangentially contacting cutting edges (26 - 30) for a cutting tool (8, 78, 1 18) in a machine tool (1, 73, 1 16) according to one of claims 1 to 12 or for a tool head designed as a facing head according to claim 13, characterized in that at least one cutting tooth (21 -. 25) has a cutting corner (26-30) with a main cutting edge (35-39) adjoining the cutting corner (26-30) and with a secondary cutting edge (41-45) adjoining the cutting corner (26-30), which has a rake surface ( 46-50), the rake surface (46-50) being tangent to that of the cutting corners Straight line (32) and the main cutting edge (35-39) plane spanned (51-55) is tilted at least in the region of the main cutting edge (35-39). A method for facing a workpiece surface of a workpiece, characterized in that a cutting tool (21-25, 84, 117, 275) having cutting tool (8, 12, 80, 1 16, 278) on which a cutting edge (26 - , 85, 286) having a common tangent (32, 88, 1, 19, 289) lying in a plane penetrated by an axis (4, 75, 122, 296), relative to the workpiece (104, 120, 204) is moved about the axis (75, 122, 296) and thereby the cutting tool (8, 12, 80, 1 16, 278) under cutting engagement in the workpiece (104, 120, 204) relative to the workpiece (104, 120, 204) is displaced first in the direction of the axis (75, 122, 296) and then in a plane perpendicular to the axis (75, 122, 296) transverse to the axis (75, 122, 296).