WO2011131549A1 - Verfahren zur erdölförderung unter verwendung von tensiden auf basis eines gemisches von c32-guerbet-, c34-guerbet-, c36-guerbet-haltigen alkylalkoxylaten - Google Patents
Verfahren zur erdölförderung unter verwendung von tensiden auf basis eines gemisches von c32-guerbet-, c34-guerbet-, c36-guerbet-haltigen alkylalkoxylaten Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011131549A1 WO2011131549A1 PCT/EP2011/055884 EP2011055884W WO2011131549A1 WO 2011131549 A1 WO2011131549 A1 WO 2011131549A1 EP 2011055884 W EP2011055884 W EP 2011055884W WO 2011131549 A1 WO2011131549 A1 WO 2011131549A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/84—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
- C09K8/86—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/58—Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids
- C09K8/584—Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids characterised by the use of specific surfactants
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
Definitions
- the present invention relates to methods for oil recovery, by Winsor type III microemulsion flooding, wherein an aqueous surfactant formulation, with respect to the alkyl moiety (R 1 ) (R 2 ) -CH-CH 2 - at least three different ionic surfactants of the general formula
- the invention further relates to surfactant formulations containing, with respect to the alkyl moiety (R 1 ) (R 2 ) -CH-CH 2 - three different ionic surfactants according to the general formula (I), and to processes for preparing this surfactant mixture.
- a deposit In natural oil deposits, petroleum is present in the cavities of porous reservoirs, which are closed to the earth's surface by impermeable cover layers.
- the cavities may be very fine cavities, capillaries, pores or the like. Fine pore necks, for example, have a diameter of only about 1 ⁇ .
- a deposit In addition to crude oil, including natural gas, a deposit contains more or less saline water.
- Oil production generally distinguishes between primary, secondary and tertiary production.
- primary production after drilling the deposit, petroleum automatically streams through the borehole due to the inherent pressure of the deposit.
- the secondary funding is used.
- additional wells will be drilled into the oil-bearing formation in addition to the wells that serve to extract the oil, known as production wells.
- injection wells water is injected into the reservoir to maintain or increase pressure.
- the oil is slowly forced through the cavities into the formation, starting from the injection well, toward the production well.
- this only works as long as the cavities are completely filled with oil and the viscous oil is pushed through the water in front of it.
- the thin liquid water breaks through cavities flows From this point on it is on the path of the least resistance, that is, through the formed channel, and no longer pushes the oil before it.
- Tertiary oil extraction includes heat processes in which hot water or superheated steam is injected into the reservoir
- the flooding medium can also be gases such as CO 2 or nitrogen.
- Tertiary oil production further includes processes in which suitable chemicals are used as auxiliaries for oil extraction. With these, the situation can be influenced towards the end of the flood and thus also promote oil that was previously held in the rock formation.
- Viscous and capillary forces act on the oil trapped in the pores of the reservoir rock towards the end of the secondary production, and the ratio of these two forces to one another determines the microscopic oil removal.
- capillary number By means of a dimensionless parameter, the so-called capillary number, the influence of these forces is described. It is the ratio of the viscosity forces (velocity x viscosity of the oppressive phase) to the capillary forces (interfacial tension between oil and water x wetting of the rock):
- ⁇ is the viscosity of the oil mobilizing fluid
- v the Darcy velocity (flow per unit area)
- ⁇ the interfacial tension between petroleum mobilizing liquid and petroleum
- ⁇ the contact angle between petroleum and rock
- the capillary number " is 6, and that it is necessary for the capillary to about 10" near the end of secondary oil recovery in the range of about 10 to increase from 3 to 10 "2 to mobilize additional mineral oil.
- Winsor type III microemulsion flooding the injected surfactants are expected to form a microemulsion Windsor Type III with the water and oil phases present in the reservoir.
- a Microemulsion Windsor Type III is not an emulsion with very small droplets, but a thermodynamically stable, liquid mixture of water, oil and surfactants. Your three advantages are that
- the microemulsion Winsor Type III is in equilibrium with excess water and excess oil. Under these conditions, the microemulsion formation, the surfactants demonstrate the oil-water interface and lower the interfacial tension ⁇ values of ⁇ 10 "2 mN / m (ultralow interfacial surfactant-sion) are particularly preferred in. In order to achieve an optimum result, the proportion should the Microemulsion in the system Water-microemulsion oil naturally should be as large as possible at a defined amount of surfactant, since in this way the lower interfacial tensions can be achieved.
- the shape of the oil droplets can be changed (interfacial tension between oil and water is lowered so far that the state of the smallest boundary surface is no longer sought and the spherical shape is no longer preferred) and by the flood water through the capillary openings squeeze through.
- the Winsor Type III microemulsion will be formed if there is an excess amount of surfactant. It thus represents a reservoir for surfactants, which accomplish a very low interfacial tension between oil and water phase.
- surfactants which accomplish a very low interfacial tension between oil and water phase.
- the microemulsion Winsor Type III encounters an oil-water interface which is not yet covered with surfactant, then the surfactant from the microemulsion may cross the boundary surface. significantly lower the surface tension of this new interface and lead to a mobilization of the oil (for example by deformation of the oil droplets).
- the oil droplets can then combine to form a continuous oil bank. This has two advantages:
- the oil-water interface is significantly reduced by the union of the oil drops to an oil bank and thus released no longer needed surfactant.
- the released surfactant may thereafter mobilize residual oil remaining in the formation as described above.
- Winsor Type III microemulsion flooding is an extremely efficient process and unlike an emulsion flooding process requires significantly less surfactant.
- the surfactants are usually optionally injected together with cosolvents and / or basic salts (optionally in the presence of chelating agents). Subsequently, a solution of thickening polymer is injected for mobility control.
- Another variant is the injection of a mixture of thickening polymer and surfactants, cosolvents and / or basic salts (optionally with chelating agent) and subsequently a solution of thickening polymer for mobility control. These solutions should usually be clear to avoid blockage of the reservoir.
- Suitable surfactants for tertiary oil production are the interfacial tension between water and oil (usually approx. 20 mN / m) to particularly low values of less than 10 ". 2 mN / m to allow sufficient mobilization of the petroleum at the usual deposit temperatures of about 15 ° C to 130 ° C and in the presence of high salty water, especially in the presence of high levels of calcium and Thus, the surfactants must also be soluble in highly saline reservoir water To meet these requirements, mixtures of surfactants have been frequently proposed, especially mixtures of anionic and nonionic surfactants. No.
- 7,119,125 B1 describes a mixture of sulfated Guerbet alcohol alkoxylate and low molecular weight sulfated alkyl alkoxylate in oil production.
- the bimodal distribution is assigned particularly good emulsifying properties.
- these emulsifying properties do not play a major role in Winsor type III microemulsion flooding. It would take too much surfactant for the emulsification of oil and the required shear forces are hardly in the flood process before (apart from the area around the injector).
- US-A 2008/217064 describes a Bohr complicatlays containing a nonionic surfactant - consisting of at least one branched alkyl ethoxylate and an end-capped alkyl ethoxylate - and a detergency builder and a thickener.
- the nonionic surfactant may be a C10 Guerbet alcohol ethoxylate.
- US-A 2009/270281 describes the use of a surfactant mixture for petroleum resorption, which contains at least one surfactant having an alkyl radical of 12 to 30 carbon atoms and a branched cosurfactant having an alkyl radical of 6 to 1 1 carbon atoms.
- the degree of branching of the alkyl radical in the cosurfactant ranges from 1 to 2.5 and may thus include Guerbet alcohols of the type 2-ethylhexyl or 2-propylheptyl.
- the cosurfactants may be alcohol ethoxylates or anionic modified alcohol ethoxylates (for example, alkyl ether sulfate).
- the operating parameters such as, for example, the type, concentration and mixing ratio of the surfactants used are therefore adapted by the person skilled in the art to the conditions prevailing in a given oil formation (for example temperature and salinity).
- the oil production is proportional to the capillary number. This is the higher the lower the interfacial tension between oil and water. Low interfacial tensions are the more difficult to achieve the higher the average number of carbon atoms in the crude oil.
- surfactants are suitable which have a long alkyl radical. The longer the alkyl radical, the better the interfacial tensions can be reduced.
- the availability of such compounds is very limited.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a particularly efficient surfactant or an efficient surfactant mixture for use for surfactant flooding, as well as an improved process for tertiary mineral oil production. It is another object of the invention to provide a process for the preparation of these surfactants or surfactant mixture available.
- a blend of at least 3 different ionic surfactants with respect to the alkyl moiety (R 1 ) (R 2 ) -CH-CH 2 comprising an aqueous surfactant formulation comprising the alkyl moiety (R 1 ) (R 2 ) -CH-CH 2 - at least three different ionic surfactants is injected through at least one injection well in a Erdöllager GmbH, the interfacial tension between oil and water on values ⁇ 0, 1 mN / m, preferably to values ⁇ 0 , 05 mN / m, particularly preferably to values ⁇ 0.01 mN / m, and crude oil is withdrawn from the deposit through at least one production well, the surfactant formulation being based on the alkyl moiety (R 1 ) (R 2 ) -CH- CH 2 - at least three different surfactants of the general formula
- R 1 is a linear or branched , saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 14 to 16 carbon atoms
- R 2 is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 16 to 18 carbon atoms
- A is ethyleneoxy
- m is a number from 0 to 99
- n is a number from 0 to 99
- X is an alkyl or alkylene group having 0 to 10 carbon atoms
- M b + is a cation
- Y a is selected from the group of sulphate groups, sulphonate groups,
- b is 1, 2 or 3
- a is 1 or 2, wherein the groups A, B and D are randomly distributed, alternating or in the form of two, three, four or more blocks in any order and the sum I + m + n is in the range of 0 to 99.
- R 1 is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic
- R 2 is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 16 or 18 carbon atoms.
- R 1 is a linear, saturated or unsaturated (preferably saturated) aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 14 or 16 carbon atoms,
- R 2 is a linear, saturated or unsaturated (preferably saturated) aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 16 or 18 carbon atoms, and thereby present at least 3 ionic surfactants of the general formula (I) with an alkyl radical having 32 carbon atoms, 34 carbon atoms and 36 carbon atoms.
- the C 32 surfactant of type (I) is in a range of 20% to 40%
- the C 34 surfactant of type (I) in a range of 41% to 60%
- the C 36 -Tensid of the type (I) in a range of 10% to 35% before.
- the invention or the use relates to a surfactant mixture containing at least 3 surfactants according to the general formula (I), wherein in each case the sum of I + m + n is in the range of 4 to 50.
- the invention relates to a mixture of with respect to the alkyl part (R 1 ) (R 2 ) -CH-CH 2 - three ionic surfactants and their use, wherein m is a number from 4 to 15, n is a number is from 0 to 15 and Y a "is selected from the group of sulphate groups, sulphonate groups and carboxylate groups, where groups A, B and D are more than 80% in block form in the order D, B, A starting from (R 1 ) (R 2) -CH-CH 2, are present, the sum I + m + n is in the range 5-49 is.
- a particularly preferred embodiment is where n is a number from 2 to 15, m is a number from 5 to 9, and Y a "is selected from the group of sulfate groups, sulfonate groups and carboxylate groups, wherein the groups A and B greater than 80% in block form in the order D, B, A starting from (R 1 ) (R 2 ) -CH- CH 2 , the sum of I + m + n is in the range of 4 to 50 and the block D consists to more than 80% of 1, 2-butylene oxide.
- a surfactant formulation which comprises three different surfactants of the general formula (I) with respect to the alkyl moiety (R 1 ) (R 2 ) -CH-CH 2 in admixture with surfactants of the formula (II)
- R 1 , R 2 , X, a, b, Y a " and M b + have the meaning defined above for the general formula (I) and the surfactants of the formula (I) preferably between 80 and 99 wt .-% and particularly preferably 85 to 99 wt .-% of the amount of compounds of the formula ( I), (II) and (III).
- R 1 is a linear, saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 14 or 16 carbon atoms and in the general formula (III) R 2 is a linear, saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 16 or 18 carbon atoms ,
- an aqueous surfactant formulation which contains at least three different surfactants of the general formula (I) with respect to the alkyl moiety (R 1 ) (R 2 ) -CH-CH 2 , It may also include other surfactants and / or other components.
- the interfacial tension between oil and water is by the use of the surfactant mixture to values ⁇ 0.1 mN / m, preferably to ⁇ 0.05 mN / m, particularly preferably Lowered ⁇ 0.01 mN / m.
- the interfacial tension between oil and water will be in the range of 0.1 mN / m to 0.0001 mN / m, preferably values in the range of 0.05 mN / m to 0.0001 mN / m, more preferably values are lowered in the range from 0.01 mN / m to 0.0001 mN / m.
- the three different surfactants which differ with respect to the alkyl moiety (R 1 ) (R 2 ) -CH-CH 2 - can be classified under the general formula (R 1 ) (R 2 ) -CH-CH 2 -O- (D) n - (B ) m - (A) - XY a "a / b m b + mieren subsu- the difference may result from the number of carbon atoms, the number of unsaturated bonds, the branch frequency and / or the degree of branching In particular, the surfactants differ.. in the chain length given for R 1 and R 2.
- R 1 / R 2 are alkyl chains of 14/16, 14/17, 14/18, 15/16, 15/17, 15/18, 16/16 , 16/17, 16/18 -particularly 14/16, 14/18, 16/16, 16/18 carbon atoms, and more than three different surfactants of the general formula may also be present in the surfactant formulation, as a result of the preparation.
- the three surfactants form the main components of the surfactant mixture.
- Their proportion is preferably at least 25 wt .-% based on the total weight of the surfactant mixture, more preferably at least 30 wt .-%, more preferably at least 40 wt .-%, more preferably at least 50 wt .-%.
- the radical R 1 is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 14 to 16 carbon atoms.
- the radical R 2 is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 16 to 18 carbon atoms.
- R 1 is either identical to R 2 or has more than two C atoms more than R 2 .
- the degree of branching in the case of R 1 or R 2 is in the range from 0.1-5 (preferably from 0.1-1.5).
- the degree of branching in the case of R 1 or R 2 is in the range from 0.1-5 (preferably from 0.1-1.5).
- the degree of branching for the branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical (R 1 ) (R 2 ) -CHCH 2 this results in a degree of branching of 1 .2 to 1 1 (preferably 1 .2 to 4).
- degree of branching is hereby defined in a manner known in principle as the number of methyl groups in a molecule of the alcohol minus 1.
- the mean degree of branching is the statistical average of the degrees of branching of all molecules in a sample.
- a preferred embodiment is the use of linear saturated or unsaturated radicals R 1 having 14 or 16 carbon atoms or R 2 having 16 or 18 carbon atoms. Particularly preferred is the use of linear saturated radicals R 1 and R 2 . This results in a degree of branching of 1 for the aliphatic hydrocarbon radical (R 1 ) (R 2 ) -CHCH 2 .
- A is ethyleneoxy
- B is propyleneoxy
- D is butyleneoxy.
- butyleneoxy is 80% and more is 1, 2-butyleneoxy.
- I, m and n are integers. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art of polyalkoxylates that this definition is the definition of a single surfactant.
- the numbers I and m are average values over all molecules of the surfactants, as in the alkoxylation of alcohol with ethylene oxide or propylene oxide each have a certain distribution of chain lengths is obtained. This distribution can be described in a manner known in principle by the so-called polydispersity D.
- D M w / M n is the quotient of the weight average molecular weight and the number lenstoff the molar mass.
- the polydispersity can be determined by means of the methods known to the person skilled in the art, for example by means of gel permeation chromatography.
- I is a number from 0 to 99, preferably 1 to 40, particularly preferably 1 to 20.
- m is a number from 0 to 99, preferably 1 to 20, particularly preferably 4 to 15.
- n is a number from 0 to 99, preferably 1 to 20, particularly preferably 2 to 15.
- the sum I + m + n is a number which is in the range of 0 to 99, preferably in the range of 5 to 50, particularly preferably in the range of 8 to 39.
- the ethyleneoxy (A), propyleneoxy (B) and butyleneoxy (D) blocks are randomly distributed, alternately distributed or are in the form of two, three, four, five or more blocks in any order.
- X is an alkylene group or alkenylene group having 0 to 10, preferably 0 to 3, carbon atoms.
- the alkylene group is preferably a methylene, ethylene or propylene group.
- Y is a sulfonate, sulfate or carboxyl group or phosphate group (preferably sulfonate, sulfate or carboxyl group).
- a can stand for values 1 or 2.
- M + is a cation, preferably a cation selected from the group Na + ; K + , Li + , NH 4 + , H + , g 2 "and Ca 2 " (preferably Na + , K + or NH 4 + ).
- b can stand for values 1, 2 or 3.
- the alcohols (R 1 ) (R 2 ) -CH-CH 2 -OH which serve as starting compound for the preparation of the surfactants of the invention can be prepared by the dimerization of alcohols of the type R 1 CH 2 CH 2 OH and R 2 OH below Splitting off of water.
- the preparation of the Guerbet alcohol is of the general formula (IV) (R 1 ) (R 2 ) -CH- CH 2 OH in process step (a) is known to the person skilled in the art.
- primary alcohols are ultimately dimerized to give ⁇ -branched primary alcohols in the presence of suitable catalysts.
- aldehydes are formed primarily from the alcohol, which then dimerize by aldol condensation with elimination of water and subsequent hydrogenation to saturated alcohols.
- the Guerbet alcohol various by-products can also be formed, for example unsaturated .beta.-branched primary alcohols if the hydrogenation of the double bond is not complete, saturated a-branched aldehydes, if the hydrogenation to Guerbet alcohol was not complete, or in particular ß-branched primary alcohols, which have additional branching in the side chain or main chain.
- the dimerization of the alcohols of the formula R-CH 2 -OH may be a mixture of alcohols.
- This can include a C16C18 fatty alcohol mixture (linear, saturated), a C16C18 mixture of Ziegler alcohols having 16 or 18 carbon atoms, a C16C18 fatty alcohol mixture (linear and partially unsaturated), a mixture of C16C17-oxoalcohol (for example Neodol 67 of Shell), a mixture of C16C18 fatty alcohol with iC17 alcohol from BASF.
- the dimerization of the alcohols of the formula R-CH 2 -OH, where R is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical rest with 15 or 17 carbon atoms, provides according to a preferred embodiment of the invention Guerbet alcohols having 32, 34 and 36 carbon atoms.
- R is a linear saturated or unsaturated (preferably saturated) aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 15 or 17 carbon atoms.
- mixtures of the alcohols (II) are condensed.
- the condensation of alcohols (II) to Guerbet alcohols is carried out in the presence of from 0.5 to 10% by weight, based on the alcohol, of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, for example lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, preferably potassium hydroxide.
- alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide are used in a concentration of 3 to 6% by weight, based on the alcohol.
- the alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxide can be used in solid form (flakes, powder) or in the form of a 30 to 70%, preferably 50%, aqueous solution.
- the alcohols of the formula (II) are condensed in the presence of NaOH and / or KOH.
- Catalysts or catalysts include those known in the art, such as US Pat. No. 3,398,880 (nickel, lead salts), US Pat. No. 3,555,871 (copper, lead, zinc, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten and maganese oxides), US Pat 3979466 (palladium complexes) or still in US 3864407 (silver complexes). ZnO is preferably used as a catalyst for the dimerization.
- the catalyst or catalysts are preferably ZnO catalysts which are generally added to the mixture from which the Guerbet alcohols are made.
- the mixture of Guerbet alcohols can be prepared by the known process described in DE3901095A1.
- the Guerbet alcohols in process step (a) at a temperature in the range of 150 to 320 ° C are preferred optionally synthesized at a temperature in the range of 200 to 280 ° C in the presence of a catalyst or catalysts.
- the surfactants according to the general formula can be prepared in a manner known in principle by alkoxylation of corresponding alcohols (R 1 ) (R 2 ) -CH-CH 2 -OH in process step (b).
- the implementation of such alkoxylations is known in principle to the person skilled in the art. It is also known to the person skilled in the art that the reaction conditions, in particular the choice of catalyst, can influence the molecular weight distribution of the alkoxylates.
- the surfactants according to the general formula can preferably be prepared in process step (b) by base-catalyzed alkoxylation.
- the alcohol (R 1 ) (R 2 ) -CH-CH 2 -OH in a pressure reactor with alkali metal hydroxides, preferably potassium hydroxide, or with alkali metal, such as sodium methylate, are added.
- alkali metal hydroxides preferably potassium hydroxide
- alkali metal such as sodium methylate
- the mixture is then inertized with inert gas (for example nitrogen) and the alkylene oxide (s) is added stepwise at temperatures of 60 to 180 ° C up to a maximum pressure of 10 bar.
- the alkylene oxide is initially metered in at 130.degree. In the course of the reaction, the temperature rises up to 170 ° C due to the released heat of reaction.
- the butylene oxide is first added at a temperature in the range of 135 to 145 ° C, then the propylene oxide is added at a temperature in the range of 130 to 145 ° C and then the ethylene oxide at a temperature in the range of 125 to 145 ° C was added.
- the catalyst can be neutralized, for example by addition of acid (for example acetic acid or phosphoric acid) and filtered off as required.
- the alkoxylation of the alcohols (R 1 ) (R 2 ) -CH-CH 2 -OH can also be carried out by other methods, for example by acid-catalyzed alkoxylation.
- DMC catalysts are disclosed, for example, in DE 10243361 A1, in particular in sections [0029] to [0041] and in the literature cited therein.
- Zn-Co type catalysts can be used.
- the catalyst can be added to the alcohol (R 1 ) (R 2 ) -CH-CH 2 -OH, and the mixture is dehydrated as described above and reacted with the alkylene oxides as described. It will usually not more than 1000 ppm of catalyst with respect to the mixture used and the catalyst can remain in the product due to this small amount.
- the amount of catalyst can typically be less than 1,000 ppm, for example 250 ppm or less.
- the process step (c) relates to the introduction of the spacer group X, provided that this is not a simple bond. This is followed by the introduction of the anionic group as process step (d). Preferably, steps (c) and (d) occur simultaneously, so that they can be combined in one step.
- the anionic group is finally introduced in process step (d).
- the anionic group XY a " from the functional group Y a" which is a sulfate, sulfonate, carboxylate or phosphate group, and the spacer X together, which may be a single bond in the simplest case ("alkyl or In the case of a sulphate group, it is possible, for example, to resort to the reaction with sulfuric acid, chlorosulphonic acid or sulfur trioxide in the falling-film reactor with subsequent neutralization
- a sulphonate group for example, the reaction with propanesultone and subsequent neutralization, with butanesultone and the following
- the terminal OH group can also be converted into a chloride, for example with phosgene or thionyl chloride, and then reacted, for example, with sulfite, in the case of a s
- the formulation may additionally optionally comprise further surfactants.
- surfactants are, for example, anionic surfactants of the type alkylarylsulfonate or olefinsulfonate (alpha-olefin sulfonate or internal olefinsulfonate) and / or nonionic surfactants of the type alkyl ethoxylate or alkyl polyglucoside.
- Betainic surfactants may also be used.
- These other surfactants may in particular also be oligomeric or polymeric surfactants. With such polymeric cosurfactants, the amount of surfactants necessary for the formation of a microemulsion can be advantageously reduced.
- Such polymeric cosurfactants are therefore also referred to as "microemulsion boosters.”
- polymeric surfactants include amphiphilic block surfactants.
- Copolymers comprising at least one hydrophilic and at least one hydrophobic block. Examples include polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide block copolymers, polyisobutylene-polyethylene oxide block copolymers and comb polymers having polyethylene oxide side chains and a hydrophobic backbone, wherein the backbone preferably comprises substantially olefins or (meth) acrylates as building blocks.
- polyethylene oxide is meant to include polyethylene oxide blocks comprising propylene oxide units as defined above Further details of such surfactants are disclosed in WO 2006/131541 A1
- a suitable aqueous formulation of the surfactants according to the general formula is injected into the crude oil deposit through at least one injection well and crude oil is taken from the deposit through at least one production well.
- crude oil in this context does not mean phase-pure oil, but means the usual crude oil-water emulsions.
- a deposit is provided with several injection wells and multiple production wells the interfacial tension between water and oil - desirably to values clearly ⁇ 0.1 mN / m.
- surfactant flooding or preferably the Winsor type III "microemulsion flooding”
- water can be maintained in order to maintain the pressure the formation is injected (“water flooding”) or preferably a more viscous aqueous solution of a highly thickening polymer (“polymer flooding”), but techniques are also known according to which the surfactants are first allowed to act on the formation Technique is the injection of a solution Surfactants and thickening polymers followed by a solution of thickening polymer.
- surfactant flooding "flooding” and polymer flooding” and applies a corresponding technique depending on the nature of the deposit.
- an aqueous formulation which contains surfactants of the general formula is used.
- the formulations may optionally also comprise water-miscible or at least water-dispersible organic or other agents.
- Such additives are used in particular for stabilizing the surfactant solution during storage or transport to the oil field.
- the amount of such additional solvents should as a rule not exceed 50% by weight, preferably 20% by weight.
- the invention is exclusively water used for formulating.
- water-miscible solvents include, in particular, alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol and propanol, butanol, sec-butanol, pentanol, butyl ethylene glycol, butyl diethylene glycol or butyl triethylene glycol.
- alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and propanol
- butanol butanol, sec-butanol
- pentanol butyl ethylene glycol
- butyl diethylene glycol or butyl triethylene glycol butyl triethylene glycol.
- the main component among all Make up surfactants are preferably at least 25% by weight, more preferably at least 30% by weight, very preferably at least 40% by weight and very, very preferably at least 50% by weight of all surfactants used.
- the mixture used according to the invention can preferably be used for the surfactant flooding of deposits. It is particularly suitable for Winsor type III microemulsion flooding (flooding in the Winsor III area or in the area of existence of the bicontinuous microemulsion phase).
- Winsor type III microemulsion flooding frlooding in the Winsor III area or in the area of existence of the bicontinuous microemulsion phase.
- the technique of microemulsion flooding has already been described in detail at the beginning.
- the formulations may also contain other components, such as, for example, C 4 -C 8 -alcohols and / or basic salts (so-called "alkaline surfactant flooding") .
- alkaline surfactant flooding for example, retention in the formation can be reduced
- the ratio by weight of the alcohols with respect to the total amount of surfactant used is generally at least 1: 1 - however, a significant excess of alcohol can also be used
- the amount of basic salts can typically be from 0.1% by weight to 5% by weight. % pass.
- the deposits in which the process is used have a temperature of at least 10 ° C, for example 10 to 150 ° C, preferably a temperature of at least 15 ° C to 120 ° C.
- the total concentration of all surfactants together is 0.05 to 5 wt .-% with respect to the total amount of the aqueous surfactant formulation, preferably 0.1 to 2.5 wt .-%.
- concentration of surfactants may change upon injection into the formation because the formulation may mix with formation water or absorb surfactants also on solid surfaces of the formation.
- the surfactants lead to a particularly good lowering of the interfacial tension. It is of course possible and also recommended to first produce a concentrate that only on site to the desired concentration for injecting into the Formation is diluted. As a rule, the total concentration of the surfactants in such a concentrate is 10 to 45% by weight.
- the alcohol (1, 0 eq) to be alkoxylated is optionally mixed with an aqueous KOH solution containing 50% by weight of KOH.
- the amount of KOH is 0.2 wt .-% of the product to be produced.
- the mixture is dehydrated at 100 ° C and 20 mbar for 2 h.
- the mixture is then flushed three times with N 2 , a pre-pressure of about 1, 3 bar N 2 is set and the temperature is increased to 120 to 130 ° C.
- the alkylene oxide is metered in such that the temperature remains between 125 ° C to 135 ° C (for ethylene oxide) and 130 to 140 ° C (for propylene oxide) and 135 to 145 ° C (for 1, 2-butylene oxide).
- the mixture is then stirred for 5 h at 125 to 145 ° C, rinsed with N 2 , cooled to 70 ° C and the reactor emptied.
- the basic crude product is neutralized with acetic acid. Alternatively, the neutralization can be carried out with commercially available Mg silicates, which are then filtered off.
- the bright product is characterized by means of a 1 H-NMR spectrum in CDCl 3, a gel permeation chromatography and an OH number determination, and the yield is determined.
- General Procedure 3 Alkoxylation by DMC catalysis
- the alcohol (1, 0 eq) to be alkoxylated is mixed with a double metal cyanide catalyst (for example DMC catalyst from BASF Type Zn-Co) at 80 ° C.
- a double metal cyanide catalyst for example DMC catalyst from BASF Type Zn-Co
- DMC catalyst from BASF Type Zn-Co
- the amount of DMC is 0.1% by weight and less of the product to be produced.
- the mixture is then flushed three times with N 2 , a pre-pressure of about 1.3 bar N 2 is set and the temperature is increased to 120 to 130 ° C.
- the alkylene oxide is so metered in that the temperature between 125 ° C to 135 ° C (ethylene oxide) or 130 to 140 ° C (for propylene oxide) and 135 to 145 ° C (for 1, 2-butylene oxide) remains.
- the mixture is then stirred for 5 h at 125 to 145 ° C, rinsed with N 2 , cooled to 70 ° C and the reactor emptied.
- the bright product is characterized by means of a 1 H NMR spectrum in CDCl 3, a gel permeation chromatography and an OH number determination, and the yield is determined.
- the alkyl alkoxylate (1, 0 eq) to be sulfated is dissolved in 1.5 times the amount of dichloromethane (on a weight percent basis) and cooled to 5-10 ° C. Thereafter, chlorosulfonic acid (1, 1 eq) is added dropwise so that the temperature does not exceed 10 ° C.
- the mixture is allowed to warm to room temperature and stir for 4 h at this temperature under N 2 stream, before the above reaction mixture in an aqueous NaOH solution with half volume at max. 15 ° C is dropped.
- the amount of NaOH is calculated so that there is a slight excess with respect to the chlorosulfonic acid used.
- the resulting pH is about pH 9 to 10.
- the dichloromethane is added under a slight vacuum on a rotary evaporator at max. 50 ° C away.
- the product is characterized by 1 H-NMR and determines the water content of the solution (about 70%).
- the interfacial tension between water and oil was determined in a known manner by measuring the solubilization parameter SP * .
- the determination of the interfacial tension via the determination of the solubilization parameter SP * is a method accepted in the art for the approximate determination of the interfacial tension.
- the solubilization parameter SP * indicates how much ml of oil per ml of surfactant used is dissolved in a microemulsion (Windsor type III).
- the interfacial tension ⁇ can be calculated from the approximate formula IFT "0.3 / (SP * ) 2 if equal volumes of water and oil are used (C. Huh, J. Coli., Interf. Sc, Vol. 71, No. 2 (1979)).
- the formation of the microemulsion can be visually observed or by means of conductivity measurements. It forms a three-phase system (upper phase oil, middle phase microemulsion, lower phase water). If the upper and lower phases are the same size and no longer change over a period of 12 h, then the optimum temperature (T opt ) of the microemulsion has been found. The volume of the middle phase is determined. From this volume, the volume of added surfactant is subtracted. The value obtained is then divided by two. This volume is now divided by the volume of added surfactant. The result is noted as SP * .
- the type of oil and water used to determine SP * is determined according to the system under investigation.
- petroleum itself can be used, or even a model oil such as decane.
- Both pure water and saline water can be used as water to better model the conditions in the oil formation.
- the composition of the aqueous phase may be adjusted according to the composition of a particular reservoir water.
- a 1: 1 mixture of decane and a NaCl solution was added with butyldiethylene glycol (BDG).
- Butyl diethylene glycol (BDG) acts as a cosolvent and is not included in the calculation of SP * .
- a surfactant mixture of 3 parts of alkylalkoxysulfate and 1 part of dodecylbenzenesulfonate (Lutensit A-LBN 50 ex BASF). The total surfactant concentration is given in weight percent of the total volume.
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Priority Applications (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2795104A CA2795104C (en) | 2010-04-23 | 2011-04-14 | Process for producing mineral oil using surfactants based on a mixture of c32 guerbet-, c34 guerbet-, c36 guerbet-containing alkyl alkoxylates |
| CN2011800204342A CN102869746A (zh) | 2010-04-23 | 2011-04-14 | 使用基于含C32 Guerbet、C34 Guerbet、C36 Guerbet烷基烷氧基化物的混合物的表面活性剂开采矿物油的方法 |
| AU2011244452A AU2011244452A1 (en) | 2010-04-23 | 2011-04-14 | Method for producing mineral oil using surfactants based on a mixture of C32-Guerbet-, C34-Guerbet-, C36-Guerbet-containing alkyl alkoxylates |
| EP11714973A EP2561036A1 (de) | 2010-04-23 | 2011-04-14 | Verfahren zur erdölförderung unter verwendung von tensiden auf basis eines gemisches von c32-guerbet-, c34-guerbet-, c36-guerbet-haltigen alkylalkoxylaten |
| MX2012012130A MX2012012130A (es) | 2010-04-23 | 2011-04-14 | Procedimiento para extraer petroleo usando tensioactivos basados en una mezcla de alcoxilatos de alquilo que contienen radicales guerbert c32, guerbert c34 y guerbert c36. |
| EA201291037A EA201291037A1 (ru) | 2010-04-23 | 2011-04-14 | Способ добычи нефти с применением пав на основе смеси алкилалкоксилатов гербе с32, с34, с36 |
| ZA2012/08750A ZA201208750B (en) | 2010-04-23 | 2012-11-21 | Process for producing mineral oil using surfactants based on a mixture of c32 guerbet-,c34 guerbet-,c36 guerbet-containing alkyl alkoxylates |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP10160888 | 2010-04-23 | ||
| EP10160888.3 | 2010-04-23 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2011131549A1 true WO2011131549A1 (de) | 2011-10-27 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2011/055884 Ceased WO2011131549A1 (de) | 2010-04-23 | 2011-04-14 | Verfahren zur erdölförderung unter verwendung von tensiden auf basis eines gemisches von c32-guerbet-, c34-guerbet-, c36-guerbet-haltigen alkylalkoxylaten |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US9145509B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2561036A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN102869746A (de) |
| AR (1) | AR081332A1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2011244452A1 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2795104C (de) |
| EA (1) | EA201291037A1 (de) |
| EC (1) | ECSP12012267A (de) |
| MX (1) | MX2012012130A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2011131549A1 (de) |
| ZA (1) | ZA201208750B (de) |
Cited By (10)
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| CN102517146A (zh) * | 2011-12-22 | 2012-06-27 | 江南大学 | 一种表面活性剂辅助水相提取藻油的方法 |
| US20130098612A1 (en) * | 2011-10-24 | 2013-04-25 | Basf Se | Process for producing mineral oil using surfactants based on a mixture of c24 guerbet-, c26 guerbet-, c28-guerbet containing hydrocarbyl alkoxylates |
| US20130102505A1 (en) * | 2011-10-24 | 2013-04-25 | Basf Se | Process for producing mineral oil using surfactants based on a mixture of c28 guerbet, c30 guerbet, c32 guerbet-containing hydrocarbyl alkoxylates |
| US20130102504A1 (en) * | 2011-10-24 | 2013-04-25 | Basf Se | Process for producing mineral oil using surfactants based on a mixture of c20 guerbet-, c22 guerbet-, c24 guerbet-containing hydrocarbyl alkoxylates |
| WO2013060670A1 (de) * | 2011-10-24 | 2013-05-02 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur erdölförderung unter verwendung von tensiden auf basis eines gemisches von c24-guerbet-, c26-guerbet-, c28-guerbet-haltigen kohlenwasserstoff-alkoxylaten |
| WO2013060623A1 (de) * | 2011-10-24 | 2013-05-02 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur erdölförderung unter verwendung von tensiden auf basis eines gemisches von c20-guerbet-, c22-guerbet-, c24-guerbet-haltigen kohlenwasserstoff-alkoxylaten |
| WO2013060622A1 (de) * | 2011-10-24 | 2013-05-02 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur erdölförderung unter verwendung von tensiden auf basis eines gemisches von c28-guerbet-, c30-guerbet-, c32-guerbet-haltigen kohlenwasserstoff-alkoxylaten |
| US9184057B2 (en) | 2011-03-18 | 2015-11-10 | Basf Se | Method for manufacturing integrated circuit devices, optical devices, micromachines and mechanical precision devices having patterned material layers with line-space dimensions of 50 nm and less |
| CN106590606A (zh) * | 2015-10-20 | 2017-04-26 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 耐温抗盐低张力泡沫及其在泡沫封堵中的应用 |
| EP2970752B1 (de) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-12-13 | Chevron U.S.A., Inc. | Synthese von primären guerbetalkoholen mit gemischter kohlenstoffkettenlänge |
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| US8596367B2 (en) | 2010-03-10 | 2013-12-03 | Basf Se | Process for producing mineral oil using surfactants based on C16C18-containing alkyl propoxy surfactants |
| US8607865B2 (en) | 2010-03-10 | 2013-12-17 | Basf Se | Process for extracting mineral oil using surfactants based on butylene oxide-containing alkyl alkoxylates |
| US9605198B2 (en) * | 2011-09-15 | 2017-03-28 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Mixed carbon length synthesis of primary Guerbet alcohols |
| US9428432B2 (en) | 2011-11-24 | 2016-08-30 | BASF Wintershall Holding GmbH | Derivatives of tris(2-hydroxyphenyl)methanes, preparation thereof and use thereof for mineral oil production |
| WO2014063933A1 (de) * | 2012-10-26 | 2014-05-01 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur erdölförderung unter verwendung von tensiden auf basis von anionischen alkylalkoxylaten, welche aus glycidylethern aufgebaut wurden |
| CN103113869A (zh) * | 2013-02-25 | 2013-05-22 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 一种双长链烷基羟基磺基甜菜碱表面活性剂及驱油剂 |
| MY186225A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2021-06-30 | Shell Int Research | Oil production using multistage chemical flood |
| WO2021151078A1 (en) * | 2020-01-23 | 2021-07-29 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Compositions and methods for the recovery of oil under harsh conditions |
| US11649395B2 (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2023-05-16 | Cnpc Usa Corporation | Nonionic surfactants employed with extended chain as the oil displacement agent to use in enhanced oil recovery |
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- 2011-04-14 CA CA2795104A patent/CA2795104C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-04-14 WO PCT/EP2011/055884 patent/WO2011131549A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2011-04-14 CN CN2011800204342A patent/CN102869746A/zh active Pending
- 2011-04-14 MX MX2012012130A patent/MX2012012130A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2011-04-14 EA EA201291037A patent/EA201291037A1/ru unknown
- 2011-04-20 AR ARP110101392A patent/AR081332A1/es unknown
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9184057B2 (en) | 2011-03-18 | 2015-11-10 | Basf Se | Method for manufacturing integrated circuit devices, optical devices, micromachines and mechanical precision devices having patterned material layers with line-space dimensions of 50 nm and less |
| AU2012327277B2 (en) * | 2011-10-24 | 2015-12-17 | Basf Se | Method for producing mineral oil using surfactants based on a mixture of C24-Guerbet-, C26-Guerbet-, C28-Guerbet-containing hydrocarbon alkoxylates |
| US9475978B2 (en) | 2011-10-24 | 2016-10-25 | Basf Se | Process for producing mineral oil using surfactants based on a mixture of C24 guerbet-, C26 guerbet-, C28-guerbet containing hydrocarbyl alkoxylates |
| US20130102504A1 (en) * | 2011-10-24 | 2013-04-25 | Basf Se | Process for producing mineral oil using surfactants based on a mixture of c20 guerbet-, c22 guerbet-, c24 guerbet-containing hydrocarbyl alkoxylates |
| WO2013060670A1 (de) * | 2011-10-24 | 2013-05-02 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur erdölförderung unter verwendung von tensiden auf basis eines gemisches von c24-guerbet-, c26-guerbet-, c28-guerbet-haltigen kohlenwasserstoff-alkoxylaten |
| WO2013060623A1 (de) * | 2011-10-24 | 2013-05-02 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur erdölförderung unter verwendung von tensiden auf basis eines gemisches von c20-guerbet-, c22-guerbet-, c24-guerbet-haltigen kohlenwasserstoff-alkoxylaten |
| WO2013060622A1 (de) * | 2011-10-24 | 2013-05-02 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur erdölförderung unter verwendung von tensiden auf basis eines gemisches von c28-guerbet-, c30-guerbet-, c32-guerbet-haltigen kohlenwasserstoff-alkoxylaten |
| US20130102505A1 (en) * | 2011-10-24 | 2013-04-25 | Basf Se | Process for producing mineral oil using surfactants based on a mixture of c28 guerbet, c30 guerbet, c32 guerbet-containing hydrocarbyl alkoxylates |
| US20130098612A1 (en) * | 2011-10-24 | 2013-04-25 | Basf Se | Process for producing mineral oil using surfactants based on a mixture of c24 guerbet-, c26 guerbet-, c28-guerbet containing hydrocarbyl alkoxylates |
| US9475979B2 (en) | 2011-10-24 | 2016-10-25 | Basf Se | Process for producing mineral oil using surfactants based on a mixture of C20 Guerbet-, C22 Guerbet-, C24 Guerbet-containing hydrocarbyl alkoxylates |
| US10155900B2 (en) | 2011-10-24 | 2018-12-18 | Basf Se | Process for producing mineral oil using surfactants based on a mixture of C24 guerbet, C26 guerbet, C28 guerbet-containing hydrocarbyl alkoxylates |
| US9475977B2 (en) | 2011-10-24 | 2016-10-25 | Basf Se | Process for producing mineral oil using surfactants based on a mixture of C28 Guerbet, C30 Guerbet, C32 Guerbet-containing hydrocarbyl alkoxylates |
| US20160376493A1 (en) * | 2011-10-24 | 2016-12-29 | Basf Se | Process for producing mineral oil using surfactants based on a mixture of c24 guerbet, c26 guerbet, c28 guerbet-containing hydrocarbyl alkoxylates |
| EA028023B1 (ru) * | 2011-10-24 | 2017-09-29 | Басф Се | Смесь пав, способ ее получения и ее применение, водная композиция пав, ее применение и способ добычи нефти с применением композиции пав |
| CN102517146A (zh) * | 2011-12-22 | 2012-06-27 | 江南大学 | 一种表面活性剂辅助水相提取藻油的方法 |
| EP2970752B1 (de) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-12-13 | Chevron U.S.A., Inc. | Synthese von primären guerbetalkoholen mit gemischter kohlenstoffkettenlänge |
| CN106590606A (zh) * | 2015-10-20 | 2017-04-26 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 耐温抗盐低张力泡沫及其在泡沫封堵中的应用 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2561036A1 (de) | 2013-02-27 |
| CA2795104C (en) | 2018-05-15 |
| ECSP12012267A (es) | 2012-11-30 |
| CA2795104A1 (en) | 2011-10-27 |
| US20150353818A1 (en) | 2015-12-10 |
| AR081332A1 (es) | 2012-08-08 |
| US9701893B2 (en) | 2017-07-11 |
| US20110263467A1 (en) | 2011-10-27 |
| US9145509B2 (en) | 2015-09-29 |
| MX2012012130A (es) | 2012-11-22 |
| EA201291037A1 (ru) | 2013-05-30 |
| ZA201208750B (en) | 2014-01-29 |
| AU2011244452A1 (en) | 2012-11-01 |
| CN102869746A (zh) | 2013-01-09 |
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