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WO2011121623A1 - Dispositif pour transformer une matière organique à chaînes moléculaires longues - Google Patents

Dispositif pour transformer une matière organique à chaînes moléculaires longues Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011121623A1
WO2011121623A1 PCT/IT2010/000140 IT2010000140W WO2011121623A1 WO 2011121623 A1 WO2011121623 A1 WO 2011121623A1 IT 2010000140 W IT2010000140 W IT 2010000140W WO 2011121623 A1 WO2011121623 A1 WO 2011121623A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
chamber
organic matter
transformation
chain organic
molecular chain
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IT2010/000140
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Giorgio Pecci
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to PCT/IT2010/000140 priority Critical patent/WO2011121623A1/fr
Priority to EP10718299A priority patent/EP2552581A1/fr
Publication of WO2011121623A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011121623A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/08—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles
    • B01J8/10—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles moved by stirrers or by rotary drums or rotary receptacles or endless belts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/0015—Feeding of the particles in the reactor; Evacuation of the particles out of the reactor
    • B01J8/002—Feeding of the particles in the reactor; Evacuation of the particles out of the reactor with a moving instrument
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B19/00—Heating of coke ovens by electrical means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00433—Controlling the temperature using electromagnetic heating
    • B01J2208/00469—Radiofrequency
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00513—Controlling the temperature using inert heat absorbing solids in the bed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00743—Feeding or discharging of solids
    • B01J2208/00752—Feeding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00743—Feeding or discharging of solids
    • B01J2208/00761—Discharging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00796—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material
    • B01J2208/00823—Mixing elements
    • B01J2208/00831—Stationary elements
    • B01J2208/0084—Stationary elements inside the bed, e.g. baffles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/143—Feedstock the feedstock being recycled material, e.g. plastics

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to an apparatus for transforming long molecular chain organic matter.
  • mixtures of organic compounds of low molecular weight are employed in various practical applications and constitute the basic components of the fuels used to power vehicles such as aircraft, automobiles and the like.
  • Such organic matter is also available in the form of various waste materials, such as plastic materials, polymeric materials, wood shavings, paper, cardboard, wood, and so on.
  • processing plants are known in which the carbonaceous bonds are broken by the action of heat, which is applied from the outside to the material to be treated, which is in turn contained in a special transformation chamber.
  • This heating makes it possible to bring heat to the organic matter introduced previously into the transformation chamber, thus raising the temperature to values such as to induce the desired breakage of the long molecular chains.
  • the aim of the present invention is to solve the above mentioned drawbacks, by devising an apparatus that can achieve the transformation of molecular chain organic matter with high thermal exchange efficiency.
  • an object of the invention is to devise an apparatus with a solution that is simple in structure, without imposing excessive stresses and high operating speeds upon the elements involved.
  • Another object of the invention is to devise an apparatus that ensures a high level of reliability in operation.
  • a further object of the invention is to devise an apparatus that can be easily obtained from elements and materials that are readily available on the market.
  • a further object of the invention is to devise an apparatus that can be made at low cost and applied safely.
  • an apparatus for transforming long molecular chain organic matter comprising at least one transformation chamber provided with at least one inlet, for the introduction of long molecular chain organic matter, and with at least one outlet for short molecular chain organic mixtures, obtained from the transformation of the long chain organic matter, characterised in that it comprises at least one emitter of electromagnetic waves, located outside said chamber in a position facing said chamber and proximate to a peripheral region inside said chamber which is affected by the passage of the organic matter, at least one heating body being located in said internal peripheral region, said heating body being movable by rolling substantially about itself and made of a material selected from a paramagnetic material and a ferromagnetic material, said chamber being provided with the possibility of rotation about one of its axes of symmetry, with the rotation of said chamber, about said axis, said emitter being adapted to generate induced currents in said heating body which is movable, by rolling about itself, within the magnetic field generated by the "
  • Figure 1 schematically illustrates an apparatus according to the invention, in a side elevation view
  • Figure 2 is a sectional view of Figure 1, taken along the line I-I.
  • an apparatus is adapted to transform long molecular chain organic matter and comprises at least one transformation chamber 2: inside the chamber 2, according to the methods which will be illustrated below, the breakage of the carbonaceous bonds of the long molecular chains is achieved and this permits the transformation of the introduced organic matter into short molecular chain organic mixtures.
  • the long molecular chain organic matter that can be transformed by means of the apparatus 1 according to the invention can be any: by way of example, it is possible for it to be substantially constituted by heterogeneous waste materials such as plastic materials, polymeric materials, wood shavings, paper, cardboard, wood, and so on.
  • the possibility of employing the apparatus 1 according to the invention for the transformation of different types of organic matter, according to the specific requirements and necessities, is not excluded.
  • the chamber 2 is provided with at least one inlet 3, for the introduction of the organic matter, and at least one outlet 4 for the organic mixtures produced, which typically separate by gravity, following the transformation, into the three phases, solid, liquid and gaseous.
  • the chamber 2 is preferably isolated from the atmosphere, for preventing atmospheric oxygen from accidentally penetrating into the chamber 2; in such an eventuality the oxygen could combine with the organic matter undergoing transformation, leading to bursts or explosions.
  • the apparatus 1 comprises at least one emitter of electromagnetic waves 5, which is located outside the chamber 2 in a position facing the chamber 2 and proximate to a peripheral region inside the chamber 2 which in turn is affected by the passage of the organic matter.
  • the emitter 5 can be of any type, for example, for purely illustrative and non-limiting purposes, it is possible for the emitter 5 to be constituted by a field generator of the type based on a coil with a current running through it-
  • At least one heating body 6 is located that is movable by rolling substantially about itself and is made of a material selected from a paramagnetic material and a ferromagnetic material (for reasons that will be made clear in the next paragraph).
  • the chamber 2 is provided with the possibility of rotation about one of its axes of symmetry: with the chamber 2 in rotation, the body 6 moves by rolling within the magnetic field generated by the waves; consequently, according to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, induced currents are generated inside the body 6 which are capable of heating it (because of the Joule effect) to a preset temperature.
  • the heating enables the transmission of heat to the long molecular chain organic matter (which travels through the chamber 2 and splashes against the body 6), until its transformation, by scission, into short chain organic mixtures.
  • the apparatus 1 comprises a plurality of heating bodies 6, which are substantially constituted by spheres made of a material selected from a paramagnetic material and a ferromagnetic material.
  • the chamber 2 has a substantially cylindrical shape with a horizontal axis and the source of electromagnetic waves 5 faces the bottom 2a of the chamber and is proximate thereto. It is therefore inside the bottom 2a that the above mentioned plurality of heating bodies 6 can move, by rolling. These bodies 6 roll, when the chamber 2 is made to rotate about its horizontal axis, on the bottom 2a of the chamber 2 and they maintain their position on the bottom 2a by gravity (and therefore in proximity to the emitter of electromagnetic waves 5).
  • the apparatus 1 comprises a first screw feeder 7, which is located substantially coaxially with the chamber 2 and which is adapted to move the organic matter to be transformed along a feeder conduit 8 which feeds the inlet 3.
  • the organic matter can be introduced inside a first feeder tank 9 which communicates, at an opening 10 formed in its base 9a, with the feeder conduit 8: the organic matter, introduced at the top 9b of the tank 9, falls into it by gravity, and in this way the matter is introduced, through the opening 10, into the feeder conduit 8, where the first feeder screw 7 pushes it into the transformation chamber 2.
  • the apparatus 1 comprises a second feeder screw 11, also arranged substantially coaxially with the chamber 2.
  • the second feeder screw 11 substantially extends from the outlet 4 and thus it is able to move the organic mixtures obtained by transformation, in the solid and liquid states, along an evacuation conduit 12. More precisely, at an end section 2b of the chamber 2, which is adjacent to the outlet 4 (as can be seen in Figure 1), the inside " walls of the chamber 2 have a plurality of radial paddles 13, pointing inward and rotating integrally with the chamber 2 (because they are fixed to it).
  • the rotation of the paddles 13 permits them to lift the organic mixtures, obtained by transformation, in the solid and liquid states, and then permits their release onto a first end portion 1 1 a of the second feeder screw 11.
  • the first portion 11a extends inside the chamber 2 at the above mentioned end section 2b, precisely for the purpose of receiving the organic mixtures to be evacuated, by a falling operation.
  • the apparatus 1 comprises pneumatic sealing means 14 (such as sleeves, gaskets or the like, of substantially known types) which are located at the inlet 3 and at the outlet 4.
  • the means 14 are operatively associated with the feeder conduit 8 and with the evacuation conduit 12, respectively, to prevent the undesired exit of gases and vapours of various kinds and, in the same way, to prevent the entry of atmospheric oxygen from the outside (an eventuality, as mentioned above, that is extremely hazardous for the entire apparatus 1).
  • the apparatus 1 comprises an aspiration outlet 15 for the organic mixtures, in the gaseous state, obtained by the transformation.
  • the aspiration outlet 15 feeds the gaseous organic mixtures to a transport channel 16: the channel 16 is substantially parallel and adjacent to the feeder conduit 8, for heating the organic matter to be introduced into the chamber 2, in a counter-current manner.
  • the operation of the apparatus according to the invention is as follows.
  • the long molecular chain organic matter can be introduced into the apparatus 1 through the tank 9, from which it can fall into the feeder conduit 8 to be pushed subsequently, by the first feeder screw 7, inside the transformation chamber 2.
  • the heating action of the bodies 6 is due to the generation of induced currents in them, because they are bombarded with electromagnetic waves that propagate from the emitter 5, while they roll on the bottom 2a of the chamber 2 (and it is precisely this rolling that ensures the generation of induced currents of high intensity).
  • the organic matter to be transformed therefore accumulates precisely at the heating bodies 6 (which are in turn proximate to the emitter 5) and this ensures the minimal dispersion of energy (other than what happens in known apparatuses), because the heat is directly transmitted by the bodies 6 to the organic matter that is in contact with them (or in the immediate vicinity), without requiring transmission between different and distant parts of the chamber 2.
  • the adoption of a chamber with a horizontal axis, as well as the high heat exchange efficiency obtained with the selected embodiment, enable low rotation speeds to be maintained for the chamber 2, with consequent possibilities of devising apparatuses 1 which are subjected to reduced stresses, without the risk of dangerous overheating owing to operation at high speed, and in general therefore are rather simple in structure.
  • the organic mixtures obtained, in the solid and liquid states, pushed by the progressive arrival of further organic matter to be transformed, are brought in proximity to the end section 2b of the chamber 2, where the paddles 13 (fixed to the inside walls of the chamber 2 and therefore rotating integrally with it) lift the mixtures and then let them fall into the central zone of the chamber 2, into which the end portion 1 la of the second feeder screw 11 protrudes.
  • the feeder screw 11 can then take the organic mixtures (solid and liquid) and draw them along the evacuation conduit 12, and then deliver them downstream to further collectors or containers, for subsequent treatments or to be sent to the users.
  • the organic mixtures in the gaseous state obtained by the transformation are evacuated through the aspiration outlet 14 and the transport channel 16, to be sent (possibly after being subjected to refrigeration and/or condensation treatments) to the users as well.
  • the transport channel 16 can be located next to the feeder conduit 8, to exploit, under conditions of capacity operation, the heat emanated by the gaseous organic mixtures to preheat the organic matter being introduced into the chamber 2.
  • the apparatus according to the invention fully achieves the intended aim, since the adoption of heating bodies, which roll and are located in a peripheral region inside the transformation chamber affected by the action of an emitter of electromagnetic waves, makes it possible to generate currents in the heating bodies and hence to heat them and cause the consequent transmission of heat, with high heat exchange efficiency, to the long chain organic matter that travels through the chamber, transforming it into short chain organic mixtures.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de transformation d'une matière organique à chaînes moléculaires longues, qui comprend au moins une chambre de transformation (2) pourvue d'au moins un orifice d'entrée (3) pour l'introduction de matière organique à chaînes moléculaires longues, et d'au moins un orifice de sortie (4) destiné à des mélanges organiques à chaînes moléculaires courtes, qui sont obtenus par la transformation de la matière organique à chaînes moléculaires longues. Le dispositif comprend au moins un émetteur d'ondes électromagnétiques (5) qui se situe à l'extérieur de la chambre (2), face à celle-ci (2) et à proximité d'une région périphérique se situant à l'intérieur de la chambre (2), et qui est sensible au passage de la matière organique; dans la région périphérique interne, au moins un corps de chauffe (6) prévu, qui peut se déplacer en roulant sensiblement sur lui-même, est fait d'une matière sélectionnée entre une matière paramagnétique et une matière ferromagnétique. La chambre (2) peut tourner autour d'un de ses axes de symétrie, et, pendant la rotation de la chambre (2) autour de son axe, l'émetteur (5) produit des courants induits dans le corps de chauffe (6), lequel peut se déplacer en roulant à l'intérieur du champ magnétique produit par les ondes, afin de chauffer ainsi à une température préétablie et de transmettre la chaleur à la matière organique à chaînes longues, de manière à transformer celle-ci en mélanges organiques à chaînes courtes.
PCT/IT2010/000140 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 Dispositif pour transformer une matière organique à chaînes moléculaires longues Ceased WO2011121623A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/IT2010/000140 WO2011121623A1 (fr) 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 Dispositif pour transformer une matière organique à chaînes moléculaires longues
EP10718299A EP2552581A1 (fr) 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 Dispositif pour transformer une matière organique à chaînes moléculaires longues

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/IT2010/000140 WO2011121623A1 (fr) 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 Dispositif pour transformer une matière organique à chaînes moléculaires longues

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011121623A1 true WO2011121623A1 (fr) 2011-10-06

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IT2010/000140 Ceased WO2011121623A1 (fr) 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 Dispositif pour transformer une matière organique à chaînes moléculaires longues

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2552581A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011121623A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012001102A1 (de) * 2012-01-23 2013-07-25 Fritz Peter Verfahren zur Vergasung von Stoffen
WO2014068602A1 (fr) * 2012-10-31 2014-05-08 Giorgio Pecci Dispositif pour transformer des matières organiques
GB2574835A (en) * 2018-06-19 2019-12-25 Waste To Energy Tech Ltd Material transfer system

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5662052A (en) * 1995-11-13 1997-09-02 United States Department Of Energy Method and system including a double rotary kiln pyrolysis or gasification of waste material
US5914027A (en) * 1994-09-12 1999-06-22 Thermtech A/S Thermo-mechanical cracking and hydrogenation
US5961870A (en) * 1997-07-02 1999-10-05 Hogan; Jim S. Microwave rotating apparatus for continuously processing material
EP1106672A1 (fr) * 1999-12-07 2001-06-13 Donizetti Srl Procédé et appareillage pour la transformation de déchets en utilisant des courants induits
WO2006103668A2 (fr) * 2005-04-01 2006-10-05 Genova Ltd Procede et reacteur pour conversion pyrolytique de biomasse
US20070099039A1 (en) * 2005-11-02 2007-05-03 Galloway Terry R Appliance for converting household waste into energy
WO2008023246A2 (fr) * 2006-08-22 2008-02-28 Enercut S.R.L. Appareil pour le craquage de la structure moléculaire de substances organiques
DE102007059967A1 (de) * 2007-12-11 2009-06-18 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Verfahren zur Durchführung chemischer Reaktionen mit Hilfe eines induktiv erwärmten Heizmediums

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5914027A (en) * 1994-09-12 1999-06-22 Thermtech A/S Thermo-mechanical cracking and hydrogenation
US5662052A (en) * 1995-11-13 1997-09-02 United States Department Of Energy Method and system including a double rotary kiln pyrolysis or gasification of waste material
US5961870A (en) * 1997-07-02 1999-10-05 Hogan; Jim S. Microwave rotating apparatus for continuously processing material
EP1106672A1 (fr) * 1999-12-07 2001-06-13 Donizetti Srl Procédé et appareillage pour la transformation de déchets en utilisant des courants induits
WO2006103668A2 (fr) * 2005-04-01 2006-10-05 Genova Ltd Procede et reacteur pour conversion pyrolytique de biomasse
US20070099039A1 (en) * 2005-11-02 2007-05-03 Galloway Terry R Appliance for converting household waste into energy
WO2008023246A2 (fr) * 2006-08-22 2008-02-28 Enercut S.R.L. Appareil pour le craquage de la structure moléculaire de substances organiques
DE102007059967A1 (de) * 2007-12-11 2009-06-18 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Verfahren zur Durchführung chemischer Reaktionen mit Hilfe eines induktiv erwärmten Heizmediums

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012001102A1 (de) * 2012-01-23 2013-07-25 Fritz Peter Verfahren zur Vergasung von Stoffen
DE102012001102B4 (de) * 2012-01-23 2019-03-14 Fritz Peter Verfahren zur Vergasung von Stoffen
WO2014068602A1 (fr) * 2012-10-31 2014-05-08 Giorgio Pecci Dispositif pour transformer des matières organiques
GB2574835A (en) * 2018-06-19 2019-12-25 Waste To Energy Tech Ltd Material transfer system
GB2574835B (en) * 2018-06-19 2021-02-10 Waste To Energy Tech Ltd Pyrolysis and material transfer system

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