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WO2011119823A2 - Appareil de chauffage solaire - Google Patents

Appareil de chauffage solaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011119823A2
WO2011119823A2 PCT/US2011/029780 US2011029780W WO2011119823A2 WO 2011119823 A2 WO2011119823 A2 WO 2011119823A2 US 2011029780 W US2011029780 W US 2011029780W WO 2011119823 A2 WO2011119823 A2 WO 2011119823A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lateral tube
end portion
heating coil
cylindrical
coil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2011/029780
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2011119823A3 (fr
Inventor
Rick Pare
Thomas Medaj
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GreenOutlet LLC
Original Assignee
GreenOutlet LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GreenOutlet LLC filed Critical GreenOutlet LLC
Publication of WO2011119823A2 publication Critical patent/WO2011119823A2/fr
Publication of WO2011119823A3 publication Critical patent/WO2011119823A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
    • F24S10/75—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits with enlarged surfaces, e.g. with protrusions or corrugations
    • F24S10/755—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits with enlarged surfaces, e.g. with protrusions or corrugations the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. zig-zag
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
    • F24S2010/71—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems

Definitions

  • the subject matter herein relates generally to solar heating systems. More particularly, the subject matter disclosed herein relates to an improved heating coil for use in flat panel solar collectors.
  • An apparatus for heating a fluid using solar energy comprising an absorption plate exposed to the solar energy, and a heating coil, the heating coil comprising a first lateral tube comprising a cylindrical first end portion, a cylindrical second end portion, a flattened top portion, and a flattened bottom portion, the flattened bottom portion being in contact with the absorption plate, a second lateral tube comprising a cylindrical first end portion, a cylindrical second end portion, a flattened top portion, and a flattened bottom portion, the flattened bottom portion being in contact with the absorption plate, and a cylindrical end cap connecting the second end portion of the first lateral tube to the second end portion of the second lateral tube such that fluid flowing through the first lateral tube in a first direction is redirected by the end cap into the second lateral tube in a second direction.
  • the heating coil can be comprised of a single piece of continuous conduit, while in other embodiments the heating coil can be comprised of multiple pieces of conduit that have been joined together.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary solar heating system in one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an exemplary flat panel solar collector in one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary solar heating system with heat exchanger in one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross section of an exemplary heating coil in one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exemplary solar heating system 10 in one embodiment of the invention.
  • Solar heating system 10 can comprise a cold fluid inlet 220 that can allow cold (unheated) fluid, for example water, to enter a storage tank 200.
  • Storage tank 200 can be a thermally insulated tank that minimizes heat loss from its contents.
  • storage tank 200 can provide fluid heating capabilities of its own through, for example, a natural gas burner or electric heating element (not shown).
  • System control 280 can be a timer, a thermostat, a photodetector for detecting sunlight 250 incident on solar collector 100, or a combination of one or more of these elements, and can be in electrical communication with both storage tank 200 and a pump 210.
  • Pump 210 can be an electrically powered pump that forces fluid out of storage tank 200 through a cold fluid outlet 260, through a solar panel inlet 265, through a coil inlet 165, through a solar collector 100, through a coil outlet 175, through a hot fluid inlet 270, and back into storage tank 200.
  • System control 280 can monitor various physical parameters and active and deactivate pump 210 in response to those parameters.
  • pump 210 can be located along storage outlet 260, and can be activated by system control 280 when it senses either that the temperature within storage tank 200 is below an established threshold, when sunlight 250 is detected as being incident on solar collector 100, when a given time period has expired, or any combination of these factors. Heated water exits storage tank 200 through hot fluid outlet 230.
  • Cold fluid inlet 220, cold fluid outlet 260, solar panel inlet 265, hot fluid inlet 270, and hot fluid outlet 230 can be any hollow conduit, for example a tube or pipe made from either metallic or nonmetallic materials, for example copper or polyvinyl chloride. Connections between the various components that guide fluid through the solar heating system can be made physically, for example by brazing, or chemically, for example by applying polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cement.
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • FIG. 2 shows an exemplary perspective view of a solar collector 100 in one embodiment of the invention.
  • Solar collector 100 can comprise a frame 110 that forms the sides of solar collector 100, and to which the components of solar collector 100 can be attached.
  • frame 110 can be made of aluminum and consist of two frame sides 111 and 113 that are substantially the same size, and a frame top 112 and a frame bottom 113 that are substantially the same size.
  • Frame sides 111 and 113 can be aligned in a substantially parallel configuration and their ends attached to frame top 112 and frame bottom 113 to form a rectangular structure that provides support to the solar collector 100.
  • frame 110 can be approximately twenty inches wide by six feet long.
  • the shape and size of solar collector 100 as defined by the frame 110 can be chosen from any number of configurations to suit a particular design requirement.
  • An absorption plate 120 can be attached to one of the open sides of the frame 110 so that the side the absorption plate 120 is attached to is enclosed while the opposite side is left open, forming an open box-like structure. Energy from sunlight 250 incident on the solar collector 100 is absorbed by absorption plate 120, which converts the light energy into heat.
  • Located within the frame 110 and on the surface of absorption plate 120 that faces the open portion of the solar collector 100 can be a heating coil 150.
  • heating coil 150 can be a single, hollow conduit that can have a coil inlet 165 on one end, and that can extend longitudinally in a serpentine pattern between the frame bottom 114 and the frame top 112 to a coil outlet 175 located on the opposite end of the heating coil 150 from the coil inlet 165.
  • heating coil 150 can extend in a serpentine pattern between frame sides 111 and 113, or in other geometries within the solar panel 100. Heating coil 150 can be held in place by one or more braces 140 that, in one embodiment, can be laid over the heating coil 150 and physically or chemically attached to the frame and/or the absorption plate 120 by, for example, rivets, screws, or epoxy, such that the heating coil 150 is securely held in place between the brace 140 and the absorption plate 120.
  • heating coil 150 can comprise two or more lateral tubes 158 aligned in a substantially parallel spaced apart arrangement, for example, with the spacing between the lateral tubes 158 being two and one-half to three inches.
  • the size and spacing of the coils can be varied to alter the amount of sunlight 250 incident on the absorption plate 120, thereby altering the performance characteristics of the solar panel 100 to meet specific design
  • closer spacing of the lateral tubes 158 will reduce the amount of sunlight incident on the absorption plate 120 and vary the amount of sunlight 250 incident directly on the lateral tubes 158, thereby increasing heat absorption on the tops of the lateral tubes 158 and decreasing the amount of heat absorption from the absorption plate 120 on the bottom of the lateral tubes 158.
  • the coil inlet 165 which can be a rounded pipe or tube, interconnects with one end of the first lateral tube 158 in the heating coil 150.
  • the ends of each of the lateral tubes 158 are connected by a rounded end cap 155 so that fluid flowing in one direction through a lateral tube 158 can be routed in a different direction and into an adjacent lateral tube 158.
  • the free end of the last lateral tube in the coil is
  • the coil outlet 175, can be a rounded hollow conduit, such as a pipe or tube.
  • the coil inlet 165 passes through a collector inlet 160, which can be a hole extending through one of the sides of the frame 110, while the coil outlet passes through a collector outlet 170, which can also be a hole extending through one of the sides of the frame 110. Accordingly, fluid can enter the heating coil 150 through the coil inlet 165, travel in a first direction along the first lateral tube 158, exit the opposite end of the first lateral tube 158, and flow through the end cap 155 which routes the fluid in a different direction into the adjacent lateral tube 158.
  • a hot fluid inlet returns the heated fluid to the storage tank 200, where the heated fluid is stored until needed, at which time the hot water can exit the storage tank 200 through a hot fluid outlet.
  • solar heating system 10 can further comprise a heat exchanger located between the solar collector 100 and the storage tank 200 through which heated fluid from the solar collector 100 travels in order to transfer heat to the fluid contained in storage tank 200.
  • Figure 3 shows one embodiment in which fluid is circulated by pump 210 within an enclosed system formed by the pump 210, the solar panel inlet 265, the solar panel 100, a solar panel outlet 275, a heat exchanger 290, and a heat exchanger outlet 295.
  • the circulating fluid transfers heated fluid from the solar panel 100 into the heat exchanger 290 where the heat is transferred to another medium.
  • another fluid can be brought into the heat exchanger 290 through cold fluid outlet 260 from storage tank 200.
  • the heated fluid can circulate out of the heat exchanger 290 and can then returned to storage tank 200 through the hot fluid inlet 270.
  • FIG. 4 shows an exemplary cross section of a portion of the heating coil 150 in one embodiment of the invention.
  • a portion of lateral tube 158 has a top 152 and a bottom 154, with both the top 1 2 and bottom 154 being substantially flat.
  • edges 156 Connecting top 152 and bottom 154 are edges 156, which are rounded to give a portion of the lateral tube 158 an elliptical profile.
  • a majority portion of the lateral tubes 158 can have an elliptical cross section, while a portion of each of the ends of the lateral tubes that interconnect with the coil inlet 165, coil outlet 175, and end caps 155 can have a rounded cross section.
  • lateral tube 158 can be formed from a continuous piece of round tubing or pipe that have been compressed to form the flattened top 152 and bottom 154 portions and rounded sides 156.
  • the coil inlet 165, lateral tubes 158, end caps 155 and coil outlet 175 can be made out of a variety of metallic or non-metallic materials, for example copper tubing or PVC pipe, and can be of varying size.
  • the components can be made out of half inch or three quarter inch copper tubing.
  • End caps 155 can be hollow rounded conduits, for example tubes or pipes having a rounded cross section that, in one embodiment, are semi-circular in shape such that fluid entering one end of the end cap 155 is directed in a different direction upon exiting the end cap 155.
  • the diameter of each end cap 155 can be such that it either fits snugly within or around the ends of each of the lateral tubes 158 to facilitate easy interconnection of the two parts by physical or chemical means, for example brazing or PVC cementing.
  • end caps 255 can be a single piece of conduit.
  • end caps 155 can be comprised of more than one piece of hollow conduit joined by physical or chemical means to redirect the fluid flow, for example, combinations of elbow joints and straight sections that render a shape to the end cap 155 that may not be semi-circular.
  • coil inlet 165 and coil outlet 175 can be rounded hollow tubes of such a diameter that they can be fit snugly within or around the ends of lateral tubes 158 to facilitate easy interconnection of the two parts by physical or chemical means, for example brazing or cementing.
  • the rounded ends of lateral tubes 158 and rounded cross sections of end caps 155 facilitate easy and reliable interconnection of the components without the need for specialized components requiring expensive custom designs and manufacturing.
  • heating coil 150 can be a single, continuous piece of conduit with selectively flattened regions in the locations corresponding to where the lateral tubes 158 would be. In other embodiments, heating coil 150 can be a single, continuous piece of flattened conduit in which the entire coil exhibits an elliptical cross section.
  • the flattened bottom 154 of the lateral tube 158 provides maximum surface area for heat transfer between the absorption plate 120 and the heating coil 150.
  • the flattened top 152 of the lateral tube 158 provides maximum surface area for exposure to sunlight 250, thereby providing maximum heating of the top surface of the heating coil 150.
  • the elliptical cross section of lateral tube 158 also increases the surface area of fluid that is exposed to a heated interior wall surface within the heating coil 150. Accordingly, the flattened serpentine heating coil 150 not only maximizes the surface area of the heating coil 150 that is heated by the solar collector, but also maximizes the surface area of the fluid within the coil that is exposed to the heated coil, thereby improving the overall heat transfer efficiency of the solar collector.
  • the serpentine path in which the fluid within the heating coil travels within the solar collector 100 keeps the fluid within the solar collector 100 for a longer period of time, increasing heat absorption by the fluid.
  • the novel structure of the heating coil 150 therefore exposes a high volume of water to a high amount of heated surface area for a long period of time, thereby improving the heating efficiency of the solar collector 100.
  • a conventional flat panel solar collector of average size typically provides about 750 BTU of heating output per square foot of panel coverage, resulting in an average rise in fluid temperature of about 2° F per pass through the solar collector.
  • sized flat panel solar collectors embodying the present design can produce up to 1,600 BTU per square foot of panel coverage, resulting in an average rise in fluid temperature of about 8° F per pass through the solar collector 100. This increased performance and heating efficiency can reduce the amount of coverage needed to produce the same degree of fluid heating.
  • a typical conventional system requires approximately four twenty inch by six foot solar collectors to provide sufficient hot water for one to two adults.
  • Embodiments of the present design can produce the same hot water output using only two solar collectors of the same size, thereby reducing initial installation costs, reducing long term maintenance costs, and reducing the aesthetic impact of the solar collectors being installed on the owner's property, typically the roof.
  • Different embodiments of the invention can incorporate additional features to improve the performance of the invention, including coating the absorption plate 120 and heating coil with materials to increase sunlight absorption, such as black paint, insulating the solar collector 100 with thermally protective materials, and enclosing the side of the solar collector 100 through which sunlight enters with a transparent covering, such as glass, to reduce thermal loss from wind and other environmental factors.
  • the solar collector 100 can be configured in an inverted manner such that the bottom of the absorption plate 120 faces the incident sunlight 250.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un appareil de chauffage solaire comprenant, dans un mode de réalisation, un serpentin de chauffage ayant une efficacité de chauffage améliorée comprenant un premier tube latéral comportant des extrémités arrondies et une section transversale elliptique pour une partie s'étendant entre les extrémités, raccordé par un capuchon à extrémité arrondie à un second tube latéral comportant également des extrémités arrondies et une section transversale elliptique pour une partie s'étendant entre les extrémités.
PCT/US2011/029780 2010-03-25 2011-03-24 Appareil de chauffage solaire Ceased WO2011119823A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/731,851 US20110232634A1 (en) 2010-03-25 2010-03-25 Solar heating apparatus
US12/731,851 2010-03-25

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011119823A2 true WO2011119823A2 (fr) 2011-09-29
WO2011119823A3 WO2011119823A3 (fr) 2012-02-02

Family

ID=44654929

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2011/029780 Ceased WO2011119823A2 (fr) 2010-03-25 2011-03-24 Appareil de chauffage solaire

Country Status (2)

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US (1) US20110232634A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011119823A2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
PL424618A1 (pl) * 2018-02-19 2019-08-26 Politechnika Białostocka Płaski kolektor słoneczny

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2704650A1 (fr) * 2009-05-19 2010-11-19 John Bradley Deforge Systeme asymetrique de capteurs solaires
JP6256788B2 (ja) * 2012-03-27 2018-01-10 株式会社リコー 冷却装置、及び画像形成装置
CN114623605B (zh) * 2020-12-14 2023-08-22 清华大学 太阳能集热器及太阳能热水器
CN114621621A (zh) 2020-12-14 2022-06-14 清华大学 光吸收体预制液及其制备方法
CN114622405A (zh) 2020-12-14 2022-06-14 清华大学 红外隐身布料及红外隐身服装
CN114689180B (zh) 2020-12-14 2025-11-28 清华大学 红外探测器及红外成像仪

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
PL424618A1 (pl) * 2018-02-19 2019-08-26 Politechnika Białostocka Płaski kolektor słoneczny

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2011119823A3 (fr) 2012-02-02
US20110232634A1 (en) 2011-09-29

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