WO2011118160A1 - 光輝性に優れた絞りしごき缶用樹脂被覆Al板及び絞りしごき缶の製造方法 - Google Patents
光輝性に優れた絞りしごき缶用樹脂被覆Al板及び絞りしごき缶の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011118160A1 WO2011118160A1 PCT/JP2011/001559 JP2011001559W WO2011118160A1 WO 2011118160 A1 WO2011118160 A1 WO 2011118160A1 JP 2011001559 W JP2011001559 W JP 2011001559W WO 2011118160 A1 WO2011118160 A1 WO 2011118160A1
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- resin
- coated
- resin layer
- plate
- thickness
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D24/00—Special deep-drawing arrangements in, or in connection with, presses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D1/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material or by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
- B65D1/12—Cans, casks, barrels, or drums
- B65D1/14—Cans, casks, barrels, or drums characterised by shape
- B65D1/16—Cans, casks, barrels, or drums characterised by shape of curved cross-section, e.g. cylindrical
- B65D1/165—Cylindrical cans
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D25/00—Details of other kinds or types of rigid or semi-rigid containers
- B65D25/34—Coverings or external coatings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2202/00—Metallic substrate
- B05D2202/20—Metallic substrate based on light metals
- B05D2202/25—Metallic substrate based on light metals based on Al
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2701/00—Coatings being able to withstand changes in the shape of the substrate or to withstand welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2439/00—Containers; Receptacles
- B32B2439/40—Closed containers
- B32B2439/66—Cans, tins
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a resin-coated Al plate for a squeezed iron can and a method for producing a squeezed iron can, which can exhibit excellent luster when formed into a can body by squeezing and ironing.
- the present invention relates to a resin-coated Al plate for a squeezed iron can and a method for producing a squeezed iron can suitable for forming a squeezed iron can excellent in glitter by dry lubrication without using a liquid coolant.
- a metal plate such as an Al plate or a tin plate is subjected to drawing processing of at least one stage between a drawing die and a punch. Then, the cup is formed into a cup composed of a body portion having a seamless side surface and a bottom portion integrally connected to the body portion, and then, if desired, the body portion is subjected to ironing between an ironing punch and a die.
- a squeezed iron can DI can
- a squeezing and ironing made of a resin-coated metal plate obtained by coating a resin on a metal plate is also known.
- Patent Document 1 discloses drawing ironing under such dry conditions.
- a coated metal plate is described in which the coating amount on the surface of the plate material, plating conditions, coating strength, and the like are studied.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a diaphragm having excellent luminosity in the appearance of the side wall of the can formed by squeezing and molding a precoat material in which an Al plate is a metal plate and a resin layer is formed on the outer and inner surfaces thereof under dry conditions. It is to provide a method for producing a resin-coated Al plate for ironing cans and a drawn ironing can.
- the resin-coated Al plate for a drawn and ironed can with excellent luster of the present invention It is a resin-coated Al plate for a drawn iron can, which is made into a can body by drawn ironing, An outer surface resin layer having a thickness of 0.02 ⁇ m to 6 ⁇ m is coated on an Al surface having an arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) of 0.5 ⁇ m or less on the surface that becomes the outer surface of the can, (1) The arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of the Al surface is less than 0.2 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the resin layer is 6 ⁇ m or less, (2) The arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) of the Al surface is 0.2 ⁇ m to less than 0.3 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the resin layer is 4 ⁇ m or less, (3) The arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) of the Al surface is 0.3 ⁇ m to 0.5 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the resin layer is 2 ⁇ m or less, Any
- the resin-coated Al plate for a drawn and ironed can with excellent luster according to the present invention is the above (A).
- the arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of the Al surface is less than 0.2 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the outer resin layer is 0.1 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m.
- the resin-coated Al plate for a squeezed ironing can excellent in glitter of the present invention is the above (A) or (B).
- the glass transition temperature of the outer resin layer is 40 ° C. or higher.
- the resin-coated Al plate for a squeezed and ironing can excellent in glitter of the present invention is any one of the above (A) to (C),
- the number of peaks of recesses having a peak height of 0.1 ⁇ m or more on the Al surface is 10 pieces / mm or less.
- (E) A method for producing a squeezed iron can with excellent luster according to the present invention, An outer surface resin layer having a thickness of 0.02 ⁇ m to 6 ⁇ m is coated on an Al surface having an arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) of 0.5 ⁇ m or less on the surface that becomes the outer surface of the can, (1) The arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of the Al surface is less than 0.2 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the resin layer is 6 ⁇ m or less, (2) The arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of the Al surface is 0.2 ⁇ m to less than 0.3 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the resin layer is 4 ⁇ m or less, (3) The arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) of the Al surface is 0.3 ⁇ m to 0.5 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the resin layer is 2 ⁇ m or less, A method for producing a can body by processing a resin-coated Al plate satisfying any of the above, by drawing and ironing, The drawing process and the
- the crystal grain on the Al surface has a resin layer on the upper layer during squeezing and ironing, so it causes rough skin caused by free movement and deformation, resulting in a surface that irregularly reflects light, and after ironing It was difficult to obtain a molded can excellent in glitter.
- the present invention is effective not only in suppressing the movement of crystal grains on the Al surface and allowing the surface to be greatly subjected to the ironing action, not only in optimizing the thickness and physical properties of the outer surface resin layer, but also in the metal plate before molding. In consideration of the roughness, the condition of the resin layer formed on the upper layer is relaxed, and excellent glitter is obtained.
- the application condition of the outer surface resin layer is not narrowed more than necessary, and the same level of radiance as that of a conventional non-pre-coated squeezing iron can, or even more excellent luminosity is required.
- the composite Al material for squeezing and ironing cans of the present invention is a resin-coated Al plate used for forming squeezing and ironing cans, and the outer surface Ra is 0.5 ⁇ m or less on an Al surface of 0.02 ⁇ m. An outer surface resin layer of ⁇ 6 ⁇ m is coated. If the Ra exceeds 0.5 ⁇ m, and if the thickness of the outer resin layer exceeds 6 ⁇ m, the glitter tends to decrease rapidly, which is not preferable.
- the important point in the present invention is not only that the thickness of the outer resin layer needs to be constant or less in order for the composite Al material for molded cans to exhibit good glitter, but also covers the outer resin layer. It has been found that Ra of Al needs to be kept below a certain level. Furthermore, in order to obtain a molded can having stable glitter, it is necessary to determine the upper limit thickness of the outer resin layer in three stages according to the Ra of Al covering the outer resin layer. That is what I found.
- the upper limit thickness of the outer surface resin layer from which the intended glitter can of the present invention is obtained is 6 ⁇ m, but when the Ra exceeds 0.2 ⁇ m, the desired glitter can
- this specific determination method as shown below, if the Ra of the Al surface is divided into three stages and the upper limit thickness of the outer surface resin layer is determined accordingly, the target brightness can be obtained most stably and easily. It was found that cans were obtained.
- the arithmetic average roughness (Ra) referred to in the present invention refers to a value measured in a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction of the Al plate according to ISO-'97.
- the glass transition temperature of the outer resin layer used in the present invention is preferably 40 ° C. or higher, more preferably 70 ° C. or higher.
- the temperature of the outer resin layer is increased by molding heat. It may rise and soften, and the ironing action exerted on Al via the outer resin layer between the punch and the die is almost eliminated, the smoothing effect becomes poor, and the non-ironing action state in which the glitter is not expressed may be observed. Even if the glass transition temperature of the outer surface resin layer is 20 ° C.
- the glass transition temperature is preferably 40 ° C. or higher. Further, considering the production rate and considering stable can production at a rate of 100 cans / minute or more, the glass transition temperature of the outer resin layer is more preferably 70 ° C. or more.
- the glass transition temperature referred to in the present invention is measured by using a TAS-300 TMA apparatus manufactured by Rigaku Denki Co., Ltd. according to JIS C 6481-1996 and using the measured material as the resin layer studied in the present invention. Say the value you did.
- the outer surface resin layer that can be used in the present invention is a protective layer for a squeezed iron can, and the resin layer itself is subjected to severe ironing, so it is desirable to have a certain degree of elongation, especially ASTM, D It preferably has a breaking elongation of at least 5% at 25 ° C as measured by -882. Further, the resin layer preferably has a Martens hardness at 28 ° C. of 50 N / mm 2 or more, more preferably 100 N / mm 2 or more. The smoothing effect can be further improved, and the regular reflectance of the squeezed iron can, that is, the glitter can be further improved.
- the Martens hardness referred to here is that the indentation depth of the Belkovic indenter is 1/10 or less of the measured coating film according to ISO14577-2002 using an ultra-fine indentation hardness tester ENT-1100a manufactured by Elionix Co., Ltd. A value obtained by measuring the Martens hardness of the resin layer under the maximum load that satisfies the conditions.
- the Belkovic indenter one having a correction length ( ⁇ hc) indicating wear of the indenter of 15 nm or less is used.
- ⁇ hc correction length
- the resin that can be used for the first resin layer of the present invention is not limited to this, but may include the following, but should be determined in consideration of requirements and economy. .
- the outer resin layer is formed by coating a resin component in which the resin component is dissolved in an Al plate, an aqueous dispersion in which the resin component is dispersed, or a 100% solid component such as an ultraviolet curable type.
- a resin component in which the resin component is dissolved in an Al plate an aqueous dispersion in which the resin component is dispersed, or a 100% solid component such as an ultraviolet curable type.
- the most preferable Ra from the viewpoint of glitter and stable moldability, and the thickness range of the resin layer to be coated on the outer surface of the can the Ra is less than 0.2 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the resin layer to be coated is 0.
- a molded can having a stable, uniform and excellent glitter appearance can be obtained.
- Ra exceeds 0.2 ⁇ m it is difficult to obtain a high-gloss molded can with a regular reflectance of 40% or more, which is obtained when the conventional Al plate is drawn and ironed instead of the precoat material.
- the outer surface resin layer condition range becomes very narrow.
- the thickness of the resin layer to be coated is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more.
- the Al condition before coating the outer surface resin layer, which determines the glitter of the molded can is mainly Ra described above, but the quality, that is, the smaller the number of minute irregularities, the more the glitter is the same Ra. It turns out that it tends to be good. In particular, it is necessary to pay attention to the number of concave portions that tend to remain after iron molding from the convex portions that are easily smoothed by iron molding. In order to reduce the number of minute recesses, mechanical roll rolling is possible to some extent, but chemical etching of the Al surface is effective. Control of micro unevenness by chemical etching is more difficult than control of mere Ra by mechanical roll rolling, and there is a risk that productivity may be reduced due to time consuming, so it may not be economical.
- Chemical etching is not more suitable for controlling the Al surface than mechanical roll rolling.
- the number of minute unevennesses, especially the number of recesses, due to chemical etching is reduced. It is an effective way to reduce.
- the effect of the glitter is clear.
- the number of peaks of the recesses having a peak height of 0.1 ⁇ m or more is 10 / mm or less, clear glitter It was found that an improvement effect was observed.
- the peak number of the recessed part which has a peak height of 0.1 micrometer or more said by this invention means the value measured below.
- ⁇ Measurement method of the number of peaks of recesses having a peak height of 0.1 ⁇ m or more> Using SURFCOM 1400D-3DF manufactured by Tokyo Seimitsu Co., Ltd., writing a roughness curve with a measurement length of 1 mm under the following measurement conditions, and exceeding the center line from the peak count level lower limit of -0.1 ⁇ m from the center line Was 1 count.
- an Al plate or the like that has been conventionally used in the production of a drawn iron can be used as the metal plate used as the substrate of the resin-coated Al plate of the present invention.
- the plate thickness is generally in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 mm, but it should be arbitrarily selected according to the application and is not particularly limited here.
- the Al plate may be subjected to post-treatment such as chromate treatment, phosphoric acid chromate treatment, and zirconium treatment.
- the resin-coated Al plate of the present invention has an outer surface resin layer having an upper limit thickness of 6.0 ⁇ m on one surface of the Al plate, when Ra of the outer surface of the Al plate is less than 0.2 ⁇ m, the Ra When the thickness is 0.2 ⁇ m to less than 0.3 ⁇ m, an outer surface resin layer with an upper limit thickness of 4.0 ⁇ m is formed. When the Ra is 0.3 ⁇ m to 0.5 ⁇ m, an outer surface resin layer with an upper limit thickness of 2.0 ⁇ m is formed. And a step of forming an inner surface resin layer in contact with the can filling content on the other surface of the Al plate.
- the thickness of the inner surface resin layer is not particularly limited here, but should be determined in consideration of not only the corrosiveness of the contents, storage conditions, and required performance, but also economics.
- the inner and outer resin layers can be formed either by laminating a film or by applying a paint, either by laminating a film and by the other by applying a paint.
- the method of forming is not particularly limited.
- the surface treatment layer can also be formed on the Al plate from the viewpoint of improving adhesion and corrosion resistance.
- Surface treatment includes immersion treatment in an aqueous solution of dichromate or electrolytic treatment to form a hydrated chromium oxide film on the metal plate, and electrolytic treatment in an aqueous solution of chromic anhydride on the metal plate.
- a drawn and ironed can of the present invention In the composite Al material for a drawn and ironed can of the present invention, it can be suitably used for forming a conventionally known drawn and ironed can, and when using a liquid coolant, of course, without using a coolant, under dry conditions Also in the molding with, a drawn and ironed can can be molded with good moldability. That is, a blank punched from the resin-coated Al plate of the present invention is drawn into a cup-shaped body using a single-stage or multi-stage drawing die.
- the body of the cup-like body is forcibly pushed into the clearance between the ironing die and the punch set smaller than the thickness of the body of the cup-like body.
- the ironing process is applied to increase the body height while reducing the wall thickness.
- DI can drawn and ironed can
- Regular reflectance (%) Total reflectance (%)-Diffuse reflectance (%)
- the average value of the regular reflectance of the samples of 8 equal parts was calculated by rounding off the decimals, and was used as the regular reflectance of the body part described in the examples and comparative examples.
- a specular reflectance of 15% or more, preferably 25% or more is practical.
- molding cans by the conventional non-precoat material will be obtained, and it is more preferable.
- Example 1 Ra of the surface that becomes the outer surface of the aluminum plate (plate thickness: 0.28 mm, 3104 alloy material) phosphoric acid chromate treatment (16 mg / cm 2 as Cr) is 0.50 ⁇ m, 0.1 ⁇ m or more
- Example 2 As shown in Table 1, a resin-coated Al plate produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the outer coating film was 0.25 ⁇ m was drawn and ironed in the same manner as in Example 1. A squeezed can was obtained. The results of evaluating the regular reflectance of the drawn and ironed can in the same manner as in Example 1 are as shown in Table 1. The can body portion is 38.2% higher than Example 1 due to the thinning of the outer coating film. And a good glitter appearance was obtained.
- Example 3 A resin-coated Al plate produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an Al plate having an Ra of 0.3 ⁇ m and a peak number of 45 / mm was used, and was drawn and ironed in the same manner as in Example 1. A squeezed can was obtained. The results of evaluating the regular reflectance of the drawn and ironed can in the same manner as in Example 1 are as shown in Table 1. The can body portion is higher than that in Example 1 by smoothing the Al plate and is 22.5% positive. The reflectivity was exhibited and a good glitter appearance was obtained.
- Example 4 A resin-coated Al plate prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an Al plate having an Ra of 0.25 ⁇ m and a peak number of 43 / mm was used, and was drawn and ironed in the same manner as in Example 1. A squeezed can was obtained. The results of evaluating the regular reflectance of the drawn and ironed can in the same manner as in Example 1 are as shown in Table 1. The can body portion is higher than that in Example 1 by smoothing the Al plate, which is 25.8% positive. The reflectivity was exhibited and a good glitter appearance was obtained.
- Example 5 A resin-coated Al plate prepared in the same manner as in Example 4 except that an Al plate having an outer resin layer thickness of 4 ⁇ m was used was drawn and ironed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a drawn iron can.
- the results of evaluating the regular reflectance of the drawn and ironed can in the same manner as in Example 1 are as shown in Table 1.
- the can body portion has a regular reflectance lower than that of Example 4 due to the thickened outer coating film. However, it still showed a regular reflectance of 20.5%, and a good glitter appearance was obtained.
- Example 6 An Al plate having a Ra of 0.2 ⁇ m and a peak number of 40 / mm was used, and the thickness of the outer resin layer was set to 2 ⁇ m, 4 ⁇ m, and 0.25 ⁇ m, respectively, as shown in Table 1.
- the resin-coated Al plate thus prepared was drawn and ironed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a drawn iron can.
- the results of evaluating the regular reflectance of the drawn and ironed can in the same manner as in Example 1 are as shown in Table 1, and the can body portions are 27.8%, 18.7%, and 42.2% positive, respectively.
- the reflectivity was exhibited and a good glitter appearance was obtained.
- Example 9 As in Example 1, except that an Al plate with an Ra of 0.15 ⁇ m and a peak number of 38 / mm was used, and the thickness of the outer resin layer was 6 ⁇ m, 2 ⁇ m, and 0.25 ⁇ m, respectively, as shown in Table 1.
- the resin-coated Al plate thus prepared was drawn and ironed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a drawn iron can.
- the results of evaluating the regular reflectance of the drawn and ironed can in the same manner as in Example 1 are as shown in Table 1.
- the can body portions are 16.5%, 28.4%, and 45.3% positive. The reflectivity was exhibited and a good glitter appearance was obtained.
- Example 12 to 13 As shown in Table 1, a resin-coated Al plate produced in the same manner as in Example 11 except that an Al plate having an Ra of 0.03 ⁇ m and peaks of 17 / mm and 3 / mm was used. Drawing and ironing was performed in the same manner as in No. 1 to obtain a drawn iron can. The results of evaluating the regular reflectance of the drawn and ironed can in the same manner as in Example 1 are as shown in Table 1, and the can body portions exhibit regular reflectances of 50.4% and 56.5%, respectively. A very good glitter appearance was obtained.
- Example 14 to 17 As shown in Table 1, the outer surface resin layer was the same as in Example 12 except that a polyester resin having a glass transition temperature of 84 ° C., 40 ° C., and 18 ° C., respectively, or a polyether sulfone having a glass transition temperature of 225 ° C. was used.
- the resin-coated Al plate prepared as described above was drawn and ironed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a drawn iron can.
- the results of evaluating the regular reflectance of the drawn and ironed can in the same manner as in Example 1 are as shown in Table 1.
- the can body portions are 44.3%, 31.6%, 21.5%, 52, respectively.
- the specular reflectance of 2% was exhibited. When the glass transition temperature was high, a high regular reflectance was obtained. When the glass transition temperature was low, the regular reflectance was liable to be lowered, but a good glitter appearance was obtained.
- Example 18 As shown in Table 1, the thickness of the outer surface resin layer was 0.1 ⁇ m, and a resin-coated Al plate prepared in the same manner as in Example 12 was drawn and ironed in the same manner as in Example 1 to draw and iron. I got a can. The results of evaluating the regular reflectance of the drawn and ironed can in the same manner as in Example 1 are as shown in Table 1. The can body portion exhibits a regular reflectance of 53.8% and very good glitter. Appearance was obtained.
- Comparative Example 1 is the same as Example 3 except that the thickness of the outer resin layer is 3 ⁇ m.
- Comparative Example 2 is the same as Example 7 except that the thickness of the outer resin layer is 5 ⁇ m. Except for the thickness of the outer surface resin layer being 7 ⁇ m, the same as in Example 9, and in Comparative Example 4, the outer surface resin layer having a thickness of 7 ⁇ m was the same as in Example 17, and the squeezing and squeezing was performed. I got a can.
- the results of evaluating the regular reflectance of the drawn and ironed can in the same manner as in Example 1 are shown in Table 2, and the can body portions show regular reflectances of 13%, 12%, 9%, and 9%, respectively. In either case, a sufficient glittering appearance was not obtained.
- a squeezed iron can having an excellent brilliant body can be formed by dry lubrication without using a liquid coolant. Industrial applicability is extremely high.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Rigid Containers With Two Or More Constituent Elements (AREA)
- Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
また、金属板に樹脂を被覆した樹脂被覆金属板を素材とした絞りしごき缶も知られている。このような樹脂被覆金属板の絞りしごき成形においては、金属板では液体のクーラントを使用して金属板と工具との摩擦を低減させているのに対し、ワックス等を潤滑剤として塗布し、ドライの状態で樹脂被覆金属板の絞りしごき成形が行われている。
しかし、このようなドライ状態でのしごき加工を行うためには、樹脂被覆金属板は厳しい加工に耐えることが必要であり、例えば、特許文献1には、このようなドライ条件での絞しごき加工を目的として、板材表面の塗膜量、めっき条件、皮膜強度等を検討した塗装金属板が記載されている。
従って、本発明の目的は、Al板を金属板とし、その外面及び内面に樹脂層を形成したプレコート材料をドライ条件で絞りしごき成形してなる缶側壁部外観が優れた光輝性を有した絞りしごき缶用樹脂被覆Al板及び絞りしごき缶の製造方法を提供することである。
絞りしごき成形により缶体とされる、絞りしごき缶用樹脂被覆Al板であって、
缶外面となる面の算術平均粗さ(Ra)が0.5μm以内のAl表面に、0.02μm~6μmの厚みを有する外面樹脂層が被覆されており、
(1)Al表面の算術平均粗さ(Ra)が0.2μm未満であって、樹脂層の厚みが6μm以下、
(2)Al表面の算術平均粗さ(Ra)が0.2μm~0.3μm未満であって、樹脂層の厚みが4μm以下、
(3)Al表面の算術平均粗さ(Ra)が0.3μm~0.5μmであって、樹脂層の厚みが2μm以下、
のうちのいずれかを満たすことを特徴とする。
(B)本発明の光輝性の優れた絞りしごき缶用樹脂被覆Al板は、前記(A)において、
Al表面の算術平均粗さ(Ra)が0.2μm未満であり、外面樹脂層の厚みが0.1μm~2μmであることを特徴とする。
(C)本発明の光輝性の優れた絞りしごき缶用樹脂被覆Al板は、前記(A)又は(B)において、
外面樹脂層のガラス転移温度が40℃以上であることを特徴とする。
(D)本発明の光輝性の優れた絞りしごき缶用樹脂被覆Al板は、前記(A)~(C)のいずれかにおいて、
Al表面の0.1μm以上のピーク高さを有す凹部のピーク数が10個/mm以下であることを特徴とする。
(E)本発明の光輝性の優れた絞りしごき缶の製造方法は、
缶外面となる面の算術平均粗さ(Ra)が0.5μm以内のAl表面に、0.02μm~6μmの厚みを有する外面樹脂層が被覆されており、
(1)Al表面の算術平均粗さ(Ra)が0.2μm未満であって、樹脂層の厚みが6μm以下、
(2)Al表面の算術平均粗さ(Ra)が0.2μm~0.3μm未満であって、樹脂層の厚みが4μm以下、
(3)Al表面の算術平均粗さ(Ra)が0.3μm~0.5μmであって、樹脂層の厚みが2μm以下、
のうちのいずれかを満たす樹脂被覆Al板を、絞り加工、及び、しごき加工をすることにより、缶体に加工する缶体の製造方法であって、
加工後の缶体の胴部の正反射率が15%以上になるように前記絞り加工、及び、しごき加工をすることを特徴とする。
本発明はAl表面の結晶粒の動きを抑制し、表面がしごき作用を大きく受けるようにすることに効果がある、外面樹脂層の厚み及び物性を適性化するだけでなく、成形前の金属板の粗度を考慮すれば、その上層に形成する樹脂層の条件も緩和され、また優れた光輝性も得られることを見出したものである。
本発明によれば、必要以上に外面樹脂層の適用条件を狭くすること無く、また従来の非プレコート材の絞りしごき成形缶と同等な光輝性、あるいはさらに優れた光輝性の要求に対しても対応可能となり、成形後缶内面をスプレーコートしなくて済む等の大きな利点を有すプレコート材を提供出来る。
さらには、安定した光輝性を有した成形缶を得るには、外面樹脂層を被覆するAlのRaに応じて、該外面樹脂層の上限厚みを3段階にて決定することが必要なことを見出したことである。
<樹脂被覆Al板の缶外面となるAl表面に被覆する樹脂層の上限厚み>
1)Al表面のRaが0.2μm未満の時、被覆する樹脂層の上限厚みは6μm、
2)Al表面のRaが0.2μm~0.3μm未満の時、被覆する樹脂層の上限厚みは4μm、
3)Al表面のRaが0.3μm~0.5μmの時、被覆する樹脂層の上限厚みは2μm、
なお、本発明で言う算術平均粗さ(Ra)とは、ISO-‘97に準じてAl板の圧延方向と直角の方向で測定した値を言う。
さらに生産速度も考慮して100缶/分以上の速度で安定して製缶しようと考えれば、外面樹脂層のガラス転移温度は70℃以上であることがより好ましい。
なお、本発明で言うガラス転移温度とは、理学電気(株)製TAS-300のTMA装置を用いてJIS C 6481-1996に準じて、測定物を本発明にて検討の樹脂層にして測定した値を言う。
また、該樹脂層は、28℃でのマルテンス硬さが50N/mm2以上あることが好ましく、より好ましくは100N/mm2以上であることが好ましく、これにより樹脂層を介してのAl板の平滑効果をより向上させることができ、絞りしごき缶の正反射率、すなわち光輝性をさらに向上させることが可能となる。
なお、ベルコビッチ圧子は、圧子の摩耗を示す補正長さ(Δhc)が15nm以下のものを使用する。
さらに、金属素材への接着性、特に熱接着性に優れていることが望ましく、樹脂中のカルボニル基の濃度が10meq/100g樹脂以上であることが好ましい。
すなわち、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンテレフタレート/イソフタレート、ポリテトラメチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレン/テトラメチレンテレフタレート、ポリテトラメチレンテレフタレート/イソフタレート、ポリテトラメチレン/エチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレン/テトラメチレンテレフタレート/イソフタレート、ポリエチレン/オキシベンゾエート或いはこれらのブレンド物等のポリエステル類;ポリ-p-キシリレングリコールビスカーボネート、ポリ-ジオキシジフェニル-メタンカーボネート、ポリ-ジオキシジフェノル2,2-プロパンカーボネート、ポリ-ジオキシジフェニル1,1-エタンカーボネート等のポリカーボネート類;ポリ-ω-アミノカプロン酸、ポリ-ω-アミノヘプタン酸、ポリ-ω-アミノカプリル酸、ポリ-ω-アミノペラゴイン酸、ポリ-ω-アミノデカン酸、ポリ-ω-アミノウンデカン酸、ポリ-ω-アミノドデカン酸、ポリ-ω-アミノトリデカン酸、ポリヘキサメチレンアジパミド、ポリヘキサメチレンセバカミド、ポリヘキサメチレンドデカミド、ポリヘキサメチレントリデカミド、ポリデカメチレンアジパミド、ポリデカメチレンセバカミド、ポリデカメチレンドデカミド、ポリデカメチレントリデカミド、ポリドデカメチレンアジパミド、ポリドデカメチレンセバカミド、ポリドデカメチレンドデカミド、ポリトリデカメチレンアジパミド、ポリトリデカメチレンセバカミド、ポリトリデカメチレンドデカミド、ポリドデカメチレンアゼラミド、ポリドリデカメチレンアゼラミド、或いはこれらのコポリアミド等のポリアミド類;ポリアミドイミド樹脂、アクリル樹脂、ウレタンアクリレート樹脂、エポキシ樹脂等を挙げることができる。
これらの樹脂は、ブレンドあるいは複層しても用いることもでき、また、単独のものを積層した構造とすることもできる。
また、いくらRaが0.2μm未満であっても、該被覆する樹脂層の厚みが2μmを超えれば40%以上の正反射率を示す、高光輝性を有した成形缶を得るのは困難となる。また、該被覆する樹脂層の厚みが0.1μm未満となると、異物付着の影響を受けやすくなり、成形缶に異物付着等により外面樹脂被膜が削られて縦筋が入りやすくなり注意が必要であり、安定性成形性を得るには被覆する樹脂層の厚みは0.1μm以上であることが好ましい。
<0.1μm以上のピーク高さを有す凹部のピーク数の測定法>
株式会社 東京精密製 SURFCOM 1400D-3DFを用い、下記測定条件にて、1mmの測定長で粗さ曲線を書き、中心線から-0.1μmのピークカウントレベル下限値から、中心線を越えたものを1カウントとした。
<測定条件>
算出規格:ISO-’97規格
測定種別:粗さ測定
カットオフ種別:ガウシアン
傾斜補正:最小二乗曲線補正
測定速度:0.30mm/s
λc/λs:30
λc:0.08mm
測定長さ:1mm
ピークカウントレベル上限値:0μm
ピークカウントレベル下限値:-0.1μm
なお、Al板には、クロメート処理、燐酸クロメート処理、ジルコニウム処理等の後処理が施されていてもよい。
本発明の樹脂被覆Al板は、Al板の一方の面上に、該Al板の外面となる面のRaが0.2μm未満の場合は上限厚みを6.0μmとする外面樹脂層、該Raが0.2μm~0.3μm未満の場合は上限厚みを4.0μmとする外面樹脂層、該Raが0.3μm~0.5μmの場合は上限厚みを2.0μmとする外面樹脂層を形成する工程及びAl板の他の面に缶充填内容物と接する内面樹脂層を形成する工程、により製造することができる。内面樹脂層の厚みについては、ここでは特に限定しないが、内容物の腐食性、保存条件、要求性能ばかりでなく経済性を考慮して決定すべきである。また、内面及び外面樹脂層の形成は両者ともフィルムをラミネートする方法でも、塗料を塗装する方法でも良く、またどちらか一方がフィルムをラミネートする方法で、もう一方が塗料を塗装する方法でも良く、形成する方法は特に限定しない。
表面処理としては、重クロム酸塩の水溶液中における浸漬処理、または電解処理により、金属板上にクロム水和酸化物皮膜を形成させる方法、無水クロム酸の水溶液中における電解処理により、金属板上に金属クロムとクロム水和酸化物からなる2層皮膜を形成させる方法、金属板上にポリアクリル酸やエポキシ樹脂等の有機樹脂の薄層を形成させる方法、
金属板上にシランカップリング処理を施す方法等がある。
これらの表面処理は従来公知の方法で行うことができる。
本発明の絞りしごき成形缶用複合Al材においては、従来公知の絞りしごき缶の成形に好適に用いることができ、液体のクーラントを使用する場合は勿論、クーラントを使用することなく、ドライ条件下での成形においても成形性よく、絞りしごき缶を成形することができる。
すなわち、本発明の樹脂被覆Al板から打ち抜いたブランクを1段又は複数段の絞りダイスを用いてカップ状体に絞り加工する。次いで1段又は複数段のしごきダイスを用い、カップ状体の胴部の厚さよりも小さく設定したしごきダイスとパンチの間のクリアランス部分にカップ状体の胴部を強制的に押し込んで、胴部を薄肉化しながら胴高さを高めるしごき加工を施す。このようにして、比較的缶径が小さく、缶胴部高さが高く、かつ胴部の厚さが薄い絞りしごき缶(DI缶)を成形することができる。
(評価項目)
[胴部正反射率]
成形した絞り缶の缶底から高さ方向に60mmの位置から20mm幅で円周方向に胴部を切り取り、該切り取った20mm幅の胴部を8等分になるように缶高さ方向に切断して測定サンプルとした。
該測定サンプルの中央部を分光測色計(コニカミノルタ(株)製、型式:CM-3500)を用いて、全反射率と拡散反射率を測定し、下記式にて正反射率を算出した。
正反射率(%)=全反射率(%)-拡散反射率(%)
8等分のサンプルの該正反射率の平均値を小数点以下四捨五入で算出し、実施例及び比較例記載の胴部正反射率とした。
本発明では、最近の強い光輝性要求を考慮し、正反射率が15%以上、好ましくは25%以上あるものを実用性があると判断した。また、40%以上あれば、従来の非プレコート材による成形缶の内、良光輝性を示す缶と同等の光輝性が得られ、より好ましい。
Al板(板厚:0.28mm、3104合金材)の缶内外面となる面に燐酸クロメート処理(Crとして16mg/cm2)した、外面となる面のRaが0.50μm、0.1μm以上の凹部のピーク数が52個/mmのAl板を220℃の板温まで加熱して、未延伸の東洋鋼鈑(株)製イソフタル酸/テレフタル酸共重合ポリエステルフィルム(融点=210℃、膜厚=12μm)を缶内面となる面に被覆して、冷却して内面樹脂層とし、缶外面となる面に表1に示すガラス転移温度が106℃のウレタン変性ポリエステル樹脂を塗料にして乾燥厚みが2μmになる様に塗装した後、150℃で30秒乾燥して外面樹脂層とした、樹脂被覆Al板を得た。
この樹脂被覆Al板の両面にグラマーワックスを50mg/m2塗布後、該樹脂被覆Al板を缶内面が東洋鋼鈑(株)製共重合ポリエステルフィルム被覆面になるようにして下記の成形条件でドライ雰囲気で絞りしごき成形を行い、絞りしごき缶を得た。
該絞りしごき缶の外面の正反射率を前記方法にて測定した結果は表1に示す通りであり、缶胴部の正反射率は17.2%を示し、良好な光輝性外観が得られた。
1.成形温度:成形直前のポンチの温度:45℃
2.ダイス温度:40℃
3.ブランク径:142mm
4.絞り条件:1st絞り比:1.56、2nd絞り比:1.38
5.しごきポンチ径:66mm
6.総しごき率:63%(側壁中央部)
7.製缶速度:200cpm
表1に示す様に、外面塗膜の厚みをそれぞれ0.25μmとした他は実施例1と同様にして作成した樹脂被覆Al板を、実施例1と同様にして絞りしごき成形を行い、絞りしごき缶を得た。
この絞りしごき缶の正反射率を実施例1と同様にして評価した結果は表1に示す通りであり、缶胴部は外面塗膜の薄膜化で実施例1よりさらに高い、38.2%の正反射率を示し、良好な光輝性外観が得られた。
Raが0.3μmでピーク数が45個/mmのAl板を用いた他は実施例1と同様にして作成した樹脂被覆Al板を、実施例1と同様にして絞りしごき成形を行い、絞りしごき缶を得た。
この絞りしごき缶の正反射率を実施例1と同様にして評価した結果は表1に示す通りであり、缶胴部はAl板の平滑化で実施例1より高い、22.5%の正反射率を示し、良好な光輝性外観が得られた。
Raが0.25μmでピーク数が43個/mmのAl板を用いた他は実施例1と同様にして作成した樹脂被覆Al板を、実施例1と同様にして絞りしごき成形を行い、絞りしごき缶を得た。
この絞りしごき缶の正反射率を実施例1と同様にして評価した結果は表1に示す通りであり、缶胴部はAl板の平滑化で実施例1より高い、25.8%の正反射率を示し、良好な光輝性外観が得られた。
(実施例5)
外面樹脂層の厚みが4μmのAl板を用いた他は実施例4と同様にして作成した樹脂被覆Al板を、実施例1と同様にして絞りしごき成形を行い、絞りしごき缶を得た。
この絞りしごき缶の正反射率を実施例1と同様にして評価した結果は表1に示す通りであり、缶胴部は外面塗膜の厚膜化で実施例4より低い正反射率であったが、なお20.5%の正反射率を示し、良好な光輝性外観が得られた。
Raが0.2μmでピーク数が40個/mmのAl板を用い、外面樹脂層の厚みを表1に示す様に、各々2μm、4μm、0.25μmとした他は実施例1と同様にして作成した樹脂被覆Al板を、実施例1と同様にして絞りしごき成形を行い、絞りしごき缶を得た。
この絞りしごき缶の正反射率を実施例1と同様にして評価した結果は表1に示す通りであり、缶胴部は、各々27.8%、18.7%、42.2%の正反射率を示し、良好な光輝性外観が得られた。
Raが0.15μmでピーク数が38個/mmのAl板を用い、外面樹脂層の厚みを表1に示す様に、各々6μm、2μm、0.25μmとした他は実施例1と同様にして作成した樹脂被覆Al板を、実施例1と同様にして絞りしごき成形を行い、絞りしごき缶を得た。
この絞りしごき缶の正反射率を実施例1と同様にして評価した結果は表1に示す通りであり、缶胴部は、各々16.5%、28.4%、45.3%の正反射率を示し、良好な光輝性外観が得られた。
表1に示す様に、Raが0.03μmでピーク数が17個/mm及び3個/mmのAl板を用いた他は実施例11と同様にして作成した樹脂被覆Al板を、実施例1と同様にして絞りしごき成形を行い、絞りしごき缶を得た。
この絞りしごき缶の正反射率を実施例1と同様にして評価した結果は表1に示す通りであり、缶胴部は、各々50.4%、56.5%の正反射率を示し、非常に良好な光輝性外観が得られた。
表1に示す様に、外面樹脂層がガラス転移温度が各々84℃、40℃、18℃のポリエステル樹脂、あるいはガラス転移温度が225℃のポリエーテルサルフォンを用いた他は実施例12と同様にして作成した樹脂被覆Al板を、実施例1と同様にして絞りしごき成形を行い、絞りしごき缶を得た。
この絞りしごき缶の正反射率を実施例1と同様にして評価した結果は表1に示す通りであり、缶胴部は、各々44.3%、31.6%、21.5%、52,2%の正反射率を示し、ガラス転移温度が高いと高正反射率が得られ、低くなると正反射率は低下する傾向があるものの、いずれも良好な光輝性外観が得られた。
外面樹脂層の厚みを表1に示す様に、0.1μmとした他は実施例12と同様にして作成した樹脂被覆Al板を、実施例1と同様にして絞りしごき成形を行い、絞りしごき缶を得た。
この絞りしごき缶の正反射率を実施例1と同様にして評価した結果は表1に示す通りであり、缶胴部は、53.8%の正反射率を示し、非常に良好な光輝性外観が得られた。
比較例1は外面樹脂層の厚みが3μmである他は実施例3と同様にして、比較例2は外面樹脂層の厚みが5μmである他は実施例7と同様にして、比較例3は外面樹脂層の厚みが7μmである他は実施例9と同様にして、比較例4は外面樹脂層の厚みが7μmである他は実施例17と同様にして、絞りしごき成形を行い、絞りしごき缶を得た。
この絞りしごき缶の正反射率を実施例1と同様にして評価した結果は表2に示す通りであり、缶胴部は各々13%、12%、9%、9%の正反射率を示し、いずれも充分な光輝性外観は得られなかった。
Claims (5)
- 絞りしごき成形により缶体とされる、絞りしごき缶用樹脂被覆Al板であって、
缶外面となる面の算術平均粗さ(Ra)が0.5μm以内のAl表面に、0.02μm~6μmの厚みを有する外面樹脂層が被覆されており、
(1)Al表面の算術平均粗さ(Ra)が0.2μm未満であって、樹脂層の厚みが6μm以下、
(2)Al表面の算術平均粗さ(Ra)が0.2μm~0.3μm未満であって、樹脂層の厚みが4μm以下、
(3)Al表面の算術平均粗さ(Ra)が0.3μm~0.5μmであって、樹脂層の厚みが2μm以下、
のうちのいずれかを満たすことを特徴とする光輝性の優れた絞りしごき缶用樹脂被覆Al板。 - Al表面の算術平均粗さ(Ra)が0.2μm未満であり、外面樹脂層の厚みが0.1μm~2μmであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の光輝性の優れた絞りしごき缶用樹脂被覆Al板。
- 外面樹脂層のガラス転移温度が40℃以上であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の光輝性の優れた絞りしごき缶用樹脂被覆Al板。
- Al表面の0.1μm以上のピーク高さを有す凹部のピーク数が10個/mm以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の光輝性の優れた絞りしごき缶用樹脂被覆Al板。
- 缶外面となる面の算術平均粗さ(Ra)が0.5μm以内のAl表面に、0.02μm~6μmの厚みを有する外面樹脂層が被覆されており、
(1)Al表面の算術平均粗さ(Ra)が0.2μm未満であって、樹脂層の厚みが6μm以下、
(2)Al表面の算術平均粗さ(Ra)が0.2μm~0.3μm未満であって、樹脂層の厚みが4μm以下、
(3)Al表面の算術平均粗さ(Ra)が0.3μm~0.5μmであって、樹脂層の厚みが2μm以下、
のうちのいずれかを満たす樹脂被覆Al板を、絞り加工、及び、しごき加工をすることにより、缶体に加工する缶体の製造方法であって、
加工後の缶体の胴部の正反射率が15%以上になるように前記絞り加工、及び、しごき加工をする、ことを特徴とする光輝性の優れた絞りしごき缶の製造方法。
Priority Applications (3)
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201180015415.0A CN102883825B (zh) | 2010-03-26 | 2011-03-16 | 光泽性优异的深冲压罐用树脂被覆Al板及深冲压罐的制造方法 |
| US13/634,537 US9662699B2 (en) | 2010-03-26 | 2011-03-16 | Resin-coated A1 plate for drawn and ironed can with excellent luster and method for producing drawn and ironed can |
| EP11758971.3A EP2554277B1 (en) | 2010-03-26 | 2011-03-16 | Resin-coated al plate for drawn and ironed can with excellent luster and method for producing drawn and ironed can |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010071764A JP5827789B2 (ja) | 2010-03-26 | 2010-03-26 | 光輝性に優れた絞りしごき缶用樹脂被覆Al板及び絞りしごき缶の製造方法 |
| JP2010-071764 | 2010-03-26 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| WO2011118160A1 true WO2011118160A1 (ja) | 2011-09-29 |
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| PCT/JP2011/001559 Ceased WO2011118160A1 (ja) | 2010-03-26 | 2011-03-16 | 光輝性に優れた絞りしごき缶用樹脂被覆Al板及び絞りしごき缶の製造方法 |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9662699B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP2554277B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5827789B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN102883825B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2011118160A1 (ja) |
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| CN104755379A (zh) * | 2012-10-31 | 2015-07-01 | 东洋钢钣株式会社 | 拉深减薄罐用树脂包覆金属板、拉深减薄罐以及拉深减薄罐的制造方法 |
| US20230348143A1 (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2023-11-02 | Toyo Seikan Group Holdings, Ltd. | Method for producing drawn/ironed can and drawn/ironed can |
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| US8563113B2 (en) | 2010-04-20 | 2013-10-22 | Corning Incorporated | Multi-laminate hermetic barriers and related structures and methods of hermetic sealing |
| FR3013244B1 (fr) * | 2013-11-19 | 2015-11-20 | Constellium France | Procede de fabrication de capsules de bouchage metalliques brillantes |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2554277B1 (en) | 2019-06-19 |
| US9662699B2 (en) | 2017-05-30 |
| CN102883825B (zh) | 2016-06-15 |
| JP2011201198A (ja) | 2011-10-13 |
| US20130164497A1 (en) | 2013-06-27 |
| EP2554277A1 (en) | 2013-02-06 |
| CN102883825A (zh) | 2013-01-16 |
| EP2554277A4 (en) | 2014-06-18 |
| JP5827789B2 (ja) | 2015-12-02 |
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