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WO2011116831A1 - Traitement de signaux relais dans des communications sans fil - Google Patents

Traitement de signaux relais dans des communications sans fil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011116831A1
WO2011116831A1 PCT/EP2010/054002 EP2010054002W WO2011116831A1 WO 2011116831 A1 WO2011116831 A1 WO 2011116831A1 EP 2010054002 W EP2010054002 W EP 2010054002W WO 2011116831 A1 WO2011116831 A1 WO 2011116831A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
soft
estimate
transmission
relay
communication signal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2010/054002
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English (en)
Inventor
Wei Li
Jorma Lilleberg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nokia Solutions and Networks Oy
Original Assignee
Nokia Siemens Networks Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nokia Siemens Networks Oy filed Critical Nokia Siemens Networks Oy
Priority to PCT/EP2010/054002 priority Critical patent/WO2011116831A1/fr
Publication of WO2011116831A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011116831A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/155—Ground-based stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0041—Arrangements at the transmitter end
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0045—Arrangements at the receiver end
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L2001/0092—Error control systems characterised by the topology of the transmission link
    • H04L2001/0097—Relays

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of radio telecommunica ⁇ tions and, particularly, to relayed radio telecommunica ⁇ tions where a radio signal is transmitted from a source to a destination via a relay link.
  • a wireless connection between a source device and a target device may be routed through two paths: one path directly from the source device to the target device, and another path through a relay device relaying a communication signal received from the source device to the target device.
  • a relay device relaying a communication signal received from the source device to the target device.
  • two types of relay schemes have been used: an amplify-and-forward (AF) scheme and a decode-and-forward (DF) scheme.
  • AF amplify-and-forward
  • DF decode-and-forward
  • the relay device decodes the signal received from the source device, re-encodes the de ⁇ coded signal, and transmits the re-encoded signal to the target device.
  • the decoding operation makes hard bit decisions of the received symbols and, thus, it is prone to error propagation in case of errone ⁇ ous decisions.
  • the most recent development in the relay schemes relates to an estimate-and-forward scheme, where the relay device decodes the signal received from the source device by mak ⁇ ing soft decisions (symbol/bit probabilities) and trans- mits a relay signal carrying information on the soft deci ⁇ sions to the target device.
  • an apparatus as specified in claim 11 there is provided an apparatus as specified in claim 21. According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus as specified in claim 23. According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a computer program product embodied on a computer readable distribution medium as specified in claim 24.
  • Figures 1A and IB illustrate transmission phases of an ex ⁇ emplary relayed communication scheme
  • Figure 2 illustrates a general process for utilizing a plurality of estimates in relay signal processing accord ⁇ ing to embodiments of the invention
  • Figure 3A illustrates components of a transmission signal processing circuitry comprised in an apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 3B illustrates soft modulation that may be used in the relay transmission according to embodiments of the in ⁇ vention ;
  • Figure 4 illustrates a structure of a Turbo encoder cir ⁇ cuitry applicable to re-encoding in the relay signal proc ⁇ essing according to an embodiment of the invention;
  • Figure 5 illustrates a state transition diagram for a re- cursive encoder illustrated in Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 illustrates relay transmission signal processing according to another embodiment of the invention combining a plurality of relay transmission schemes.
  • FIG. 1 A general concept of cooperative radio communication in the form of relayed transmission is illustrated in Figure 1.
  • Transfer of information from a source communication de- vice 100 to a target communication device 104 may be en ⁇ sured by providing a relayed signal path via a relay com ⁇ munication device 102.
  • a direct signal path between the source device 100 and the target device 104 may also be provided.
  • the present invention is applicable to any relayed transmission scheme, i.e. it is not limited to a two-phase scheme now described. Referring to Figures 1A and IB, the cooperative communication is divided into two phases.
  • the source device 100 trans ⁇ mits a communication signal to the target device 104, and both the target device 104 and the relay device 102 re ⁇ ceive the communication signal.
  • the relay device 102 transmits the communication signal re- ceived from the source device 100 to the target device 104, and the target device receives the communication sig ⁇ nal.
  • the target device 104 combines the two communi ⁇ cation signals, namely the one received from the source device and the one received from the relay device.
  • the source device 100 may send the same communication signal to both the target and the relay device, or it may send encoded payload information to the target device and par ⁇ ity bits to the relay device, for example.
  • the par ⁇ ity bits the target device receives from the relay device may be used as additional information to improve the cor ⁇ rect decoding of the payload information.
  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to relay transmission in the relay device 102.
  • the relay device 102 may be a mobile communication device assisting the source device (s) 100 in cooperative transmission, but the relay device may also function as the source device when it transmits data originating from itself.
  • the pre ⁇ sent invention is applicable to dedicated relay devices having the relaying as the only communication functional- ity.
  • the radio access scheme utilized in the cooperative transmission may be practically any radio access scheme known in the art, e.g. OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) , SC-FDMA (single-carrier frequency division multiple access) , CDMA (code division multiple access) , Bluetooth, IEEE 802. llx (WiFi), IEEE 802.15, IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) and its long-term evolution versions (LTE, LTE-Advanced) , etc .
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
  • SC-FDMA single-carrier frequency division multiple access
  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to estimate- and-forward (EF) relay scheme where the relay device com ⁇ putes soft estimates of a communication signal received from the source device and, then, reproduces a replica of the communication signal by using the soft estimates.
  • the present computes at least two estimates from the received signal and combines the estimates so as to improve the re- liability of relaying the contents of the communication signal.
  • At least one of the at least two estimates is a soft estimate, wherein a soft estimate is defined as a probability of a given information element having a cer- tain value, e.g. bit value 1.
  • soft value 0.8 defines that the received bit is 1 with 80-% probability and 0 with 20-% probability.
  • the relay device receives a communication signal from the source device.
  • the relay device may perform necessary re ⁇ ception processing so as to convert the communication signal into a digital form, the processing including RF (ra- dio frequency) filtering, amplification, frequency conversion, and analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion.
  • RF radio frequency
  • a reception circuitry of the relay device computes a first soft estimate of the transmitted signal and a second estimate of the transmitted signal from the communication signal received in block 202. In an embodiment, both the first and the second estimate are computed from the same received signal. If the relay device util ⁇ izes diversity reception, diversity combining may be car ⁇ ried out before block 204. As a result of reception signal processing of the communication signal to be relayed to the target device, soft values of the received communica ⁇ tion signal are obtained as the first estimate, and the second estimate also obtained in the reception signal processing may include soft or hard bit/symbol decisions or it may include the received communication signal in an ⁇ other form, as will be described in greater detail below with reference to Figure 6.
  • transmission signal processing is carried out where the first soft es ⁇ timate is combined with the second estimate.
  • bit/symbol estimates related to the same bit/symbol ob- tained through different estimation processes are combined synchronously. After the combining, the transmission of the relay signal to the target device is caused in block 208.
  • the process of Figure 2 may be carried out in a processor of the relay device, wherein the processor may be config ⁇ ured by a computer program product embodied on a computer- readable physical storage medium.
  • the processor is configured by other means, e.g. it may comprise one or more ASICs (application-specific inte ⁇ grated circuit) .
  • the two estimates of the trans- mitted signal the relay device received from the source device are combined in soft encoding process.
  • the received signal has already been A/D- converted and demodulated but no hard bit/symbol decisions have been made.
  • an input to a soft de- coder circuitry 300 of Figure 3A is a demodulated signal.
  • the soft decoder may in practice be any SISO (soft input soft output) decoder known in the art, outputting probabilities of decoded information bits.
  • SISO soft input soft output
  • the structure of the soft decoder circuitry is a corresponding Turbo decoder.
  • the same analogy applies to other codes, e.g. low-density parity check (LDPC) codes.
  • the reception processing may be considered as ending in the soft decoding, and transmission signal processing may be started by re-encoding the output of the soft decoder.
  • Other procedures may still be carried out between the soft decoding and the soft re-encoding, but the decoding is still understood to belong to the reception signal proc ⁇ essing, and the re-encoding is understood to be an opera ⁇ tion of the transmission signal processing.
  • the soft estimates received from the soft decoder circuitry 300 are combined with the other estimates obtained from the same received communication signal.
  • the soft en ⁇ coder circuitry 300 may output soft values for payload (information) bits, and the second estimate may comprise soft decision values for parity bits associated with the payload bits.
  • the soft encoder circuitry 302 may encode new soft parity bits from the soft payload bits received from the soft decoder circuitry by using a similar encoding scheme as was used for the payload bits in the source device and, then, combine the new soft parity bits with soft parity bits received as an input in the form of the second estimate.
  • the soft decoder circuitry 300 may be used to determine soft prob ⁇ ability values for the parity bits contained in the re- ceived communication signal, and these soft parity bit values may be used as the second estimate, wherein both the first estimate (the soft payload bits) and the second estimate (soft parity bits) contain soft values. Such an embodiment is described in greater detail with reference to Figures 4 and 5.
  • the soft encoder circuitry 302 outputs the encoded soft bits obtained by encoding the output of the soft decoder circuitry 300 and utilizing the second (soft) estimate to improve the reliability of the first soft estimate pro- vided by the soft decoder circuitry 300.
  • the encoded soft bit values are then modulated in a soft modulator cir ⁇ cuitry 304 configured to derive soft symbol values from the soft input bit values.
  • the soft modulator circuitry 304 may employ the Bayesian estimation method when comput- ing soft symbol values. According to the Bayesian estima ⁇ tion method, a bit sequence to be modulated is divided into sub-groups according to the symbol constellation be ⁇ ing used.
  • a soft symbol value is calculated for every symbol in the symbol con ⁇ stellation.
  • a probability value for each symbol in the 16QAM constellation is calculated from the soft bit values of the sub-group.
  • an expectation value over all the soft symbol values associ ⁇ ated with the same sub-group is computed as ⁇ . ⁇ .).
  • the expectation value denotes the actual soft symbol value within the boundaries of the symbol constellation (see dotted line in Figure 3B) .
  • the soft symbol value is not necessarily any specific symbol in the symbol constella ⁇ tion, but the soft symbol may equally be any point between the symbol points of the symbol constellation (see Figure 3B for transmission symbol) .
  • This soft modulator structure is discussed in greater detail in PCT Patent Application No. PCT/IB2009/050585, entitled: "Method and Apparatus for Providing Transmission Relay using Soft Symbol Estimation", the content of which is incorporate by reference (see particularly soft symbol estimation processes on pages 11 to 15) .
  • the soft bit sequence may be mapped to virtually any symbol con ⁇ stellation. Therefore, the relay device may even use a different symbol constellation than that used for modulat ⁇ ing the received communication signal, i.e.
  • Output of the soft modulator circuitry 304 is the modulated soft symbols that are then transmit ⁇ ted to the target device.
  • FIG 4 illustrates an embodiment of a turbo encoder cir ⁇ cuitry that may be used in the soft encoder circuitry 302 for producing parity bits from input soft payload bits.
  • the turbo encoder in Figure 4 has two branches, each com ⁇ prising a recursive systematic convolutional (RSC) en ⁇ coder.
  • RSC recursive systematic convolutional
  • the RSC encoders in Figure 4 have a polynomial generator (13, 11) 8 ⁇
  • the outputs of the RSC encoders are interlaced by selecting an output parity bit alternately from the RSC encoders.
  • Figure 5 illustrates a state transition diagram for the RSC encoder of Figure 4.
  • Figure 5 shows relations of the state transfers and corresponding input/output bit pairs. For example, transition from state 0 to state 0 is affected by input bit 0, and the resulting output bit is
  • the transition from state 4 to state 2 is affected by input bit 0, and the resulting out- put bit is 1.
  • the next output parity bit Oi + i and the next state Si + i are thus affected by the current state Si and the current input bit ⁇ + ⁇ .
  • the prob ⁇ abilities for the next state and the output parity bit may be calculated.
  • the computation of the soft parity bits may comprise :
  • the first six bits suffer from noise which is represented by their probabilities being closer to 0.5 than zero or one.
  • the following soft output parity bits are obtained:
  • the additional input may be soft estimates for received parity bits computed from the received communica- tion signal.
  • the soft decoder circuitry may compute soft estimates (probabilities) for the re ⁇ ceived parity bits before the soft bit values for the pay- load bits are calculated.
  • the computation of the soft payload bits may utilize the soft parity bit values and, therefore, computing the soft values of the parity bits for the re-encoding process does not complicate the soft decoder circuitry in any other way than that the soft parity bits are stored in a memory unit (not shown) for use in the re-encoding.
  • Si k' ) of equation (4) may now be used in the above equations (1) to (3) .
  • the output soft parity bits thus acquired are then multiplexed with the soft payload bits according to a de ⁇ termined rule to obtain a transmission bit sequence input to the soft modulator for modulation and, ultimately, transmission to the target device.
  • BER bit error rate
  • SNR signal-to-noise ratio
  • the SNR between the source and the relay device is estimated.
  • This SNR is typically estimated for different purposes, e.g. link adaptation.
  • the relay device makes hard bit de ⁇ cisions for the received parity bits.
  • the soft de ⁇ coder may convert the hard parity bits to soft parity bits by retrieving the BER mapped to the estimated current SNR related to the reception of the parity bits and converting the hard parity bits into soft parity bits on the basis of the hard bit value of the parity bits and the retrieved BER.
  • the hard bit value is either converted directly to the BER value or to 1-BER value depending on the hard bit value (1 or 0) and on the bit value with respect to which the relay communication device denotes the probability values (1 or 0) . For example, if the relay device denotes the probabilities with respect to bit value 1, i.e.
  • Including soft raw bit estimate of the parity bits to the computation of the new parity bits reduces the error propagation significantly, because the effect of noisy bits is greatly reduced by the effect of using the soft parity bits as the second estimate, when the soft parity bits are less noisy than the noisy payload bits causing the error propagation.
  • equal weights are assigned to both soft input payload bits and the soft parity bits in equation (4), but the assigned weights may be unequal and determined according to a de ⁇ termined criterion, e.g. on the basis of the probability values. Less weight may be assigned to the soft value which is closer to 0.5 than to the soft value being closer to 0 or 1 of the two estimates (soft payload bit and soft parity bit) .
  • LDPC encoding when generating one parity bit a plural ⁇ ity of systematic (payload) bits are encoded together, which will finally result in the parity bit having a prob ⁇ ability closer to 0.5 than 0 or 1, if at least some of the systematic bits are noisy.
  • An embodiment of the present invention avoids this problem with a similar modification of combining the original received probability information of the parity bit with the encoded one to get the final output.
  • the computation of a probability of the parity bit is affected by the systematic bits through the soft LDPC re-encoding process and the raw probability information of the same parity bit computed in the soft decoding process in the reception signal process ⁇ ing .
  • Figure 6 illustrates another embodiment of the invention where two (or more) estimates of the transmitted signal derived by processing the received signal in the relay de ⁇ vice are combined.
  • This embodiment effectively combines signals derived by using at least two different relay schemes (AF, DF, EF) .
  • each relay scheme AF, DF, EF is suitable for different communication environment than another relay scheme.
  • Configuring the relay device to support only one relay scheme provides sub- optimal performance.
  • Configuring the relay device to sup ⁇ port multiple relay schemes and selecting a relay scheme for use may also provide sub-optimal performance, because an optimal relay scheme for each communication environment is not typically easily derivable.
  • the present embodiment computes weights for each relay scheme supported by the relay device and combines the signals processed through different relay schemes to provide a relay signal to be transmitted to the target device.
  • the received signal is input to an amplifier circuitry 600 configured to adopt the AF scheme by performing linear power scaling on the received signal.
  • the received signal may be buffered before or after the amplification so that the combining may occur synchronously with respect to the other relay scheme branches.
  • the received signal is also input to a hard decoder and re-encoder circuitry 602 configured to adopt the DF scheme by demodulating and decoding the received signal and mak ⁇ ing hard symbol/bit decisions.
  • the decoded signal is then re-encoded and modulated by using the modulation and cod ⁇ ing scheme as was used for the received signal, for exam ⁇ ple.
  • the received signal is also input to a soft decoder and re-encoder circuitry 604 configured to adopt the EF scheme by demodulating and soft decoding the received sig ⁇ nal and making soft symbol/bit decisions.
  • the decoded soft payload bit values are then re-encoded and modulated by using the soft encoding and modulation schemes described above with reference to Figures 3 to 5, for example.
  • a weighting factor Wl, W2, W3 is calculated for each branch.
  • This operation may first include determining a noise figure for a signal in each branch.
  • the noise figure may be variance of a signal from which the noise figure is calculated, as the variance of the signal is typically proportional to the noise power.
  • the noise figure may be calculated from a signal before or af ⁇ ter the amplification in the amplifier circuitry.
  • the noise figure may be calculated in a sepa- rate channel estimation process with respect to the source-to-relay and/or relay-to-target link(s), and the noise figure may be calculated from a pilot signal, for example.
  • the noise figure may be com ⁇ puted from an output signal of the soft re-encoder (or soft modulator) circuitry by assuming that the output signal consists of unknown true values (representing the ac ⁇ tual signal) and virtual Gaussian noise.
  • the weight ⁇ ing factors may be computed by utilizing maximal ratio combining (MRC) scheme, for example.
  • MRC maximal ratio combining
  • the present invention is applicable to a radio communica- tion device capable of functioning as a relay device re ⁇ laying radio communication signals between the other radio communication devices.
  • the relay communication device may be a mobile device, such as a mobile phone or a laptop, or it may be a fixed relay station, e.g. a relay base sta- tion.
  • the relay communication device may relay the radio communication signals between two mobile radio communica ⁇ tion devices or between a mobile radio communication device and a base station of a fixed radio access network.
  • the communication be ⁇ tween the two mobile radio communication devices may be carried out directly, i.e. without a fixed radio access network .
  • An embodiment of an apparatus is a signal processing circuitry of the relay communication device carrying out the operations according to the present invention.
  • the signal processing circuitry may be transmit signal processing circuitry carrying out at least part of the transmission signal processing opera- tions in the relay device.
  • the (transmit) signal process ⁇ ing circuitry may be realized by one or more digital sig ⁇ nal processors, wherein each digital signal processor may comprise one or more core units and each processor may be configured by software.
  • the soft re-encoder circuitry 302 which performs the operations of the invention by combining two estimates of the transmitted communication signal from the communi ⁇ cation signal received in the relay device so as to re- encode and relay the received signal to the target device.
  • relay communication device e.g. the mobile communication device or the relay base station
  • the relay communication device comprises other components than the transmission signal processing circuitry and other functionalities than the transmission signal processing and/or re-encoding.
  • Additional components in the apparatus according to the present invention may include a user interface (display unit, input device, speaker, microphone, etc.), one or more memory units, RF components (antenna, RF amplifiers, filters, frequency mixers, an I/Q modulator, etc.), power source, etc.
  • x circuitry refers to all of the following: (a) hardware-only circuit imple ⁇ mentations, such as implementations in only an analog and/or digital circuitry, and (b) to combinations of cir- cuits and software (and/or firmware), such as (as applica ⁇ ble) : (i) a combination of processor (s) or (ii) portions of processor ( s ) /software including digital signal proces ⁇ sor (s), software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus to perform various functions, and (c) to circuits, such as a microprocessor ( s ) or a portion of a microprocessor ( s ) , that require software or firmware for operation, even if the software or firmware is not physi ⁇ cally present.
  • circuitry would also cover an implementation of merely a processor (or multiple processors) or a portion of a processor and its (or their) accompanying software and/or firmware.
  • circuitry would also cover, for example and if applicable to the particular element, a baseband integrated circuit or applications processor integrated circuit for a mobile phone or a similar integrated circuit in a server, a cel ⁇ lular network device, or another network device.
  • the processes or methods described above in connection with Figures 2 to 6 may also be carried out in the form of a computer process defined by a computer program.
  • the computer program may be in source code form, object code form, or in some intermediate form, and it may be stored in some sort of carrier, which may be any entity or device capable of carrying the program.
  • Such carriers include a record medium, computer memory, read-only memory, electrical carrier signal, telecommunications signal, and soft- ware distribution package, for example.
  • the computer program may be executed in a single electronic digital processing unit or it may be distributed amongst a number of processing units.
  • the present invention is applicable to radio telecommuni- cation systems utilizing the radio access schemes listed above but also to other suitable telecommunication sys ⁇ tems.
  • the protocols used, the specifications of mobile telecommunication systems, their network elements and subscriber terminals develop rapidly. Such development may require extra changes to the described embodiments. There ⁇ fore, all words and expressions should be interpreted broadly and they are intended to illustrate, not to re ⁇ strict, the embodiment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte à un traitement de signaux relais dans des communications sans fil. La présente invention se rapporte également à un procédé, à un appareil et à un programme d'ordinateur permettant la transmission d'un traitement de signaux dans un dispositif de communication relais. Le procédé consiste à : acquérir une première estimation souple d'un signal de communication reçu dans un dispositif de communication relais en provenance d'un dispositif de communication source et une seconde estimation du signal de communication reçu, la première estimation souple comprenant des valeurs de probabilité pour des éléments d'information compris dans le signal de communication reçu ; combiner la première estimation souple et la seconde estimation lors de la réalisation du traitement de signaux de transmission relais afin de relayer le signal de communication reçu à un dispositif de communication cible ; et provoquer la transmission d'un signal de communication relais au dispositif de radiocommunication cible.
PCT/EP2010/054002 2010-03-26 2010-03-26 Traitement de signaux relais dans des communications sans fil Ceased WO2011116831A1 (fr)

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WO2016083764A1 (fr) * 2014-11-28 2016-06-02 Orange Procede et dispositif de relayage souple et selectif ssdf
CN109983832A (zh) * 2016-11-28 2019-07-05 华为技术有限公司 用于d2d通信的发射器通信设备和中继通信设备
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WO2016083764A1 (fr) * 2014-11-28 2016-06-02 Orange Procede et dispositif de relayage souple et selectif ssdf
FR3029375A1 (fr) * 2014-11-28 2016-06-03 Orange Procede et dispositif de relayage souple et selectif ssdf
US10313052B2 (en) 2014-11-28 2019-06-04 Orange Method and device for flexible, selective SSDF relaying
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