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WO2011113301A1 - 紫杉烷类化合物的自乳化制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

紫杉烷类化合物的自乳化制剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011113301A1
WO2011113301A1 PCT/CN2011/000398 CN2011000398W WO2011113301A1 WO 2011113301 A1 WO2011113301 A1 WO 2011113301A1 CN 2011000398 W CN2011000398 W CN 2011000398W WO 2011113301 A1 WO2011113301 A1 WO 2011113301A1
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Prior art keywords
oil
pharmaceutical composition
paclitaxel
composition according
lecithin
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王国强
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BEIJING YINGU CENTURY PHARMACY CO Ltd
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BEIJING YINGU CENTURY PHARMACY CO Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/10Dispersions; Emulsions
    • A61K9/107Emulsions ; Emulsion preconcentrates; Micelles
    • A61K9/1075Microemulsions or submicron emulsions; Preconcentrates or solids thereof; Micelles, e.g. made of phospholipids or block copolymers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/335Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
    • A61K31/337Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having four-membered rings, e.g. taxol
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0019Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a self-emulsifying pharmaceutical composition of a taxane compound, and more particularly to a docetaxel self-emulsifying pharmaceutical composition which can be administered intravenously.
  • Taxanes a class of taxoids and molecularly similar isomers of taxoids, isoforms, analogs and derivatives of taxoids, are currently used for the treatment of metastatic ovarian cancer, lung cancer, esophagus First-line treatment for cancer, including paclitaxel, docetaxel, erythromycin, erythromycin diacetate, paclitaxel B, etc.
  • paclitaxel the most commonly used taxanes in the clinic are paclitaxel and docetaxel. Paclitaxel.
  • Paclitaxel has the structure of formula I, is a white crystalline powder, odorless, tasteless, its English name is Paclitaxel or Taxol, and its molecular formula is C 47 H 51 N0 14 , molecule
  • Docetaxel is a semi-synthetic taxane, also known as taxotere, docetaxel, English name Docetaxel or Taxotere, molecular formula C 43 H 53 N0 14 , white powder, insoluble in water, soluble In methylene chloride, methanol, with the structure of formula II:
  • paclitaxel injection is a colorless, transparent or slightly yellow viscous solution containing 6 mg of paclitaxel, 527 mg of polyoxyethylene castor oil (or polyoxyethylated castor oil, per gram of paclitaxel injection, Cremophor).
  • EL polyoxyethylene castor oil
  • Cremophor polyoxyethylated castor oil
  • EL 49.7% absolute ethanol
  • the problems of the preparation are mainly: 1
  • the toxicity and sensitization of the solvent cause a high proportion of allergic reactions, including bronchospasm caused by allergic reaction caused by the auxiliary polyoxyethylene castor oil. Shortness of breath, fatigue, hypotension, etc.
  • Paclitaxel injection is unstable after dilution: When the preparation is diluted, if it exceeds 24 h, a granular precipitate will appear, and the analysis indicates that the precipitate is not paclitaxel, so a filter is used in the infusion set during intravenous drip.
  • 3 compatibility changes 60 commonly used drugs in combination with paclitaxel injection can cause infusion turbidity, some drugs and paclitaxel competition with plasma protein will increase toxicity. 4 severe pain at the injection site, severe or potential permanent damage at the injection site or surrounding blood vessels.
  • paclitaxel injection in order to prevent the above adverse reactions, oral dexamethasone was given 12 hours and 6 hours before the paclitaxel injection treatment, diphenhydramine was administered 30 to 60 minutes before the treatment, and cimetidine was given intravenously. 300mg or ranitidine 50mg.
  • the single dose of paclitaxel injection is controlled to 135 ⁇ 200mg/m 2 , and the dose can reach 250mg/m 2 with the support of granulocyte colony stimulating factor, and the paclitaxel injection is diluted to the final concentration with normal saline or 5% glucose saline.
  • the skilled person has carried out extensive research on the adverse reactions caused by polyoxyethylene castor oil, increasing the solubility and stability of paclitaxel, reducing toxicity, and increasing bioavailability for many years.
  • the methods tried include prodrug method, emulsification method, and preparation of micelles, liposomes, nanoparticles, microemulsions, microspheres, cyclodextrin inclusion compounds, and topical administration, among which promising Paclitaxel is made into microemulsion.
  • the current paclitaxel microemulsion is still in the laboratory stage, and some have strict requirements on the production machinery and equipment, especially the need for high pressure emulsification, or the need for high temperature emulsification, or the need for high speed stirring emulsification, this method is complicated, high cost It is not conducive to industrial production, and the prepared emulsion has poor stability and cannot meet clinical needs.
  • WO2006037089 discloses a paclitaxel emulsion comprising paclitaxel, vegetable oil, medium chain triglyceride, glycerin, phospholipid, water, etc., however, it requires a high shear mixer to be stirred during preparation, and then at 18,000-23000 psi.
  • the microfluidizer homogenizer is operated 5 times under the operating pressure, and the process cost is high, and industrial production cannot be performed.
  • Chinese patent application CN101450040A also discloses a taxane emulsion containing paclitaxel, PEG-(CH 2 ) n-cholesterol, soybean oil, oleic acid, poloxamer, glycerin, phospholipid and water, in preparation,
  • the colostrum needs to be stirred at a high speed at 50 ° C - 80 ° C, then transferred to a high pressure milk homogenizer, repeatedly emulsified to a droplet of an average particle size of 1 ⁇ m, and the production process needs to be filled with nitrogen for protection.
  • the preparation method of the emulsion is also complicated, and industrial production is difficult.
  • Chinese patent application CN100341485C discloses a self-emulsifying preconcentrate of paclitaxel, which is composed of a surfactant such as paclitaxel, polyoxyethylene castor oil, an oil phase such as medium chain triglyceride, ethanol or propylene glycol, however, the technology implemented therefrom It can be seen that the product prepared is unstable after forming an emulsion, and therefore can only be administered orally and cannot be administered to a patient in the form of intravenous injection.
  • a surfactant such as paclitaxel, polyoxyethylene castor oil
  • an oil phase such as medium chain triglyceride, ethanol or propylene glycol
  • Chinese patent application CN1822859A also discloses a self-emulsifying preparation of paclitaxel, which comprises paclitaxel, POE hydrogen Castor oil, medium chain triglyceride and co-surfactant, wherein the co-surfactant is glycerol monooleate, PG monolaurate or the like.
  • the formulation cannot be stabilized for a long period of time after the addition of water to form an emulsion, and therefore it can only be administered orally and cannot be used as an intravenous product.
  • Chinese patent application CN1602854A discloses a self-emulsifying preparation comprising paclitaxel, Cremophor EL, Pluronic F68, phospholipid, soybean oil and ethanol, which can be self-emulsified after being added to glucose injection. An emulsion is formed. However, after the emulsion is formed, the stabilization time is not long, paclitaxel is easily precipitated from the solution, affecting clinical use, and since the amount of the surfactant is large, the irritation is still large when used.
  • the inventors of the present invention have developed a delivery system of docetaxan compounds through repeated experiments under the circumstance of a lot of creative labor.
  • the preparation is a clear liquid, simple to prepare, easy to industrialize, and the preparation is added to the water. Thereafter, the emulsion can be self-emulsified, and the formed emulsion can be kept stable for a long period of time, and can be safely and conveniently used in the clinic, thereby completing the present invention.
  • the composition of the present invention has the following advantages: (1) for clinical injectable use; (2) the formed emulsion can be used directly and maintains stability of >24 hours; (3) can be filtered and sterilized; 4)
  • the ingredients used are all the components for intravenous injection allowed by FSDA; (5)
  • the production process is simple, no high-speed shearing device is adopted, and it is easy to industrialize production; (6) It does not stimulate blood vessels; (7) Hypoallergenicity (8) no hemolysis; (9) adverse reactions are lower than existing paclitaxel preparations.
  • the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for delivering a taxane drug, which is a self-emulsifying preparation comprising an effective amount of a taxane compound, an oil component, a surfactant, and Ethanol, wherein the surfactant is a combination of a phospholipid and a polyoxyethylene castor oil (Cremophor EL).
  • a taxane drug which is a self-emulsifying preparation comprising an effective amount of a taxane compound, an oil component, a surfactant, and Ethanol, wherein the surfactant is a combination of a phospholipid and a polyoxyethylene castor oil (Cremophor EL).
  • the weight ratio of the taxane compound, the oil component, the phospholipid and the polyoxyethylene castor oil is within a certain range, so as to achieve the technical effect described in the present application, otherwise, after the emulsification, the microemulsion The stability is poor, and it is difficult to satisfy the effect of clinical use.
  • the weight ratio of the taxane compound, the oil component, the phospholipid to the polyoxyethylene castor oil is 1:3-10:30-80:20-50, preferably 1:3-8:30-50:20-40, particularly preferably 1: 4-6: 35-45: 25-30.
  • the taxane compound of the present invention encompasses isomers, analogs or derivatives of taxoid drugs or taxane drugs, including but not limited to paclitaxel, docetaxel, paclitaxel, taxane , snake chrysanthemum, cedarol, paclitaxel-2,13-dione, 5 ⁇ , 9 ⁇ , 10 ⁇ -trihydroxy-cyclo-9,10-acetal with acetone or acetate, paclitaxel-2 ,13-dione, 5 ⁇ ,9 ⁇ ,] 0 ⁇ -trihydroxy-cyclo-9, 10-acetal with acetone or acetate, paclitaxel-2 ⁇ , 15 ⁇ , 9 ⁇ , 10 ⁇ -tetraol -cyclo- 9,10-acetal with acetone or acetate, hydrazine-debenzoyl valerate, paclitaxel, cephalosporin-7-xyloside, 7-
  • paclitaxel B cyclic paclitaxel, 10-deacetyl-7-cyclopaclavin, 0-deacetylpaclitaxel, 10-deacetylpacificol 8 Or, 7-xylose-10-deacetylpaclitaxel and 10-deacetylpaclitaxel-7-xyloside.
  • preferred docetaxel compounds of the present invention are paclitaxel and docetaxel, and most preferably paclitaxel.
  • compositions have suitable viscosities and can be conveniently packaged for clinical use.
  • the composition of the present invention is added to a glucose injection solution to form a microemulsion by self-emulsification, and the microemulsion has a particle diameter of In-100 nm, preferably has a particle diameter of 10 to 800 nm, more preferably 50.
  • the particle size of -500 nm, most preferably having a particle size of 50-300 nm can be directly used for patient administration.
  • the formed microemulsion can be precipitated without precipitation at room temperature, and is stable for 8 hours or more, preferably for 12 hours or more, more preferably for 18 hours or more, most preferably for 24 hours or more, and particularly preferably for 30 hours or more.
  • the oil component of the present invention may be selected from pharmaceutically conventional oil phase ingredients including, but not limited to, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, or mixtures thereof.
  • the oil component is a "vegetable oil.”
  • the vegetable oil is an oil derived from plant seeds or nuts. Vegetable oils are usually "long-chain triglycerides" which consist of tri-fatty acids (typically from about 14 to about 22 carbons in length, depending on the source of the oil, with different numbers and positions of unsaturated bonds) and three on glycerol. The hydroxyl group is formed by forming an ester bond.
  • Vegetable oils include, but are not limited to, soybean oil, almond oil, borage oil, blackcurrant seed oil, castor oil, corn oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, cottonseed oil, peanut oil, olive oil, rapeseed oil, cocoa butter, palm oil , canola oil, linseed oil, tea oil, safflower oil, cottonseed oil, evening primrose oil, etc., preferably soybean oil.
  • high purity vegetable oils are typically used to ensure the safety and stability of the formulation.
  • hydrogenated vegetable oils can also be used, which are prepared by controlled hydrogenation of vegetable oils.
  • the oil refers to "medium chain triglycerides”.
  • Medium chain triglycerides are another type of triglyceride oil, which may be natural or synthetic, made from fatty acids typically having a length of from about 8 to about 2 carbons.
  • MCT's have been widely used in emulsions designed for injection as a source of calories for patients requiring parenteral nutrition.
  • oils are commercially available, such as Miglyol 210 and Miglyol 812, CRODAMOL GTCC-PN, Neobees M-5 oil, and the like.
  • the oil component can also be an oil from an animal. It also includes triglycerides, but the length of its three fatty acid chains differs from the unsaturated bonds in it and vegetable oils.
  • the animal fat obtained from solid oil sources at room temperature eg, butter, lard, etc.
  • Other forms of animal fat which are liquid at room temperature include various fish oils, for example, ordinary fish oil, salmon oil, salmon oil or tuna oil, and the like.
  • the phospholipid in the present invention may be a phospholipid or a mixture of two or more phospholipids.
  • the phospholipid refers to a triglyceride having two fatty acids and one phosphate ion.
  • Phospholipids useful in the present invention include, but are not limited to, lecithin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, having from about 4 to about 22 carbon atoms, and more typically from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms. And different degrees of saturation of phosphatidic acid.
  • the phospholipids useful in the present invention may be phospholipids of natural origin.
  • Naturally occurring phospholipids include soy lecithin, egg Phospholipids, hydrogenated soy lecithin, hydrogenated egg lecithin, sphingosine, gangliosides and phytosphingosine, and combinations thereof.
  • Natural lecithin is a mixture of choline esters of stearic acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid linked to phosphoric acid, commonly known as phosphatidylcholine, and is available from a variety of sources, such as eggs and soy beans.
  • Soy lecithin and egg lecithin have a long history of safety, have comprehensive emulsification and solubility characteristics, and are more likely to disintegrate into harmless substances faster than most synthetic surfactants. Products are commercially available.
  • a preferred phospholipid of the invention is egg lecithin.
  • the phospholipid may also be a synthetic phospholipid, including but not limited to: diglycerides, such as 1, 2. Dilauroyl-sn-glycerol (DLG), 1 , 2- 2 S Decanoyl-sn-glycerol (DMG), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol (DPG), 1,2-distearoyl-s-glycerol (DSG); phosphatidic acid, such as 1, 2- Decanoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphatidic acid, sodium salt (DMPA, Na), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphatidic acid, sodium salt (DPPA, Na), 1, 2- Stearic-sn-glycerol-3-phosphatidic acid, sodium salt (DSPA, Na) ; phosphocholine, such as 1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DLPC), 1, 2-S-decanoyl
  • DMG Dilau
  • the ethanol in the composition of the present invention acts to adjust the viscosity of the composition, making the composition easy to dispense and filter for sterilization.
  • the compositions of the present invention further comprise lactic acid.
  • the applicant has found through extensive experimental research that the addition of lactic acid to the composition of the present invention can not only be used to adjust the pH value, increase the stability of paclitaxel, reduce the degradation of paclitaxel and the production of related substances, and more importantly, in the system of the present invention.
  • the addition of lactic acid allows the composition to be stabilized for a longer period of time after the addition of the glucose injection to form an emulsion than the addition of other pharmaceutically acceptable acids, resulting in those skilled in the art. Unexpected effect.
  • the present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition for delivering a docetaxel drug, which is a self-emulsifying formulation, comprising or consisting essentially of the following ingredients: an effective amount of a taxane compound An oil component, a surfactant, ethanol, and lactic acid, wherein the surfactant is a combination of a phospholipid and a polyoxyethylene castor oil.
  • a pharmaceutical composition for delivering a docetaxel drug which is a self-emulsifying formulation, comprising or consisting essentially of the following ingredients: an effective amount of a taxane compound An oil component, a surfactant, ethanol, and lactic acid, wherein the surfactant is a combination of a phospholipid and a polyoxyethylene castor oil.
  • the above pharmaceutical compositions have suitable viscosities and can be conveniently dispensed for clinical use.
  • the composition of the present invention is added to a glucose injection solution to form a microemulsion by self-emulsification, the microemulsion having a particle size of In-100 nm, preferably having a particle diameter of 10 to 800 nm, more preferably 50.
  • the particle size of -500 nm, most preferably having a particle size of 50-300 nm, can be directly used for patient injection administration.
  • the pharmaceutical composition containing the taxane compound, the oil component, the phospholipid, the polyoxyethylene castor oil, the ethanol and the lactic acid provided by the invention has excellent stability after forming the microemulsion, and can be used at room temperature.
  • the precipitate precipitates and remains stable for 12 hours or more, preferably for 18 hours or more, more preferably for 24 hours or more, and most preferably for 30 hours or more, far exceeding the formulation formed using other organic or inorganic acids, which is greatly advantageous for clinical use.
  • the weight ratio of the taxane compound, the oil component, the phospholipid to the polyoxyethylene castor oil is 1:3-10:30-80:20-50, preferably 1:3-8:30- 50: 20-40, particularly preferably 1: 4-6: 35-45: 25-30.
  • the taxane compound is preferably paclitaxel and docetaxel, most preferably paclitaxel.
  • the self-emulsifying composition of the taxane compound of the present invention comprises or consists of the following components, wherein each component is in weight percent:
  • the self-emulsifying composition of the taxane compound of the present invention comprises or consists of the following components, wherein each component is in a percentage by weight - a taxane compound 0.1 to 1%
  • the self-emulsifying composition of the taxane compound of the present invention comprises or consists of the following components, wherein each component is in weight percent:
  • Taxane compound 0.1 ⁇ 1% Soybean oil 2 to 3%
  • the taxane compound is preferably paclitaxel and docetaxel, most preferably paclitaxel.
  • the compositions of the present invention may further comprise other suitable pharmaceutically acceptable excipients including, but not limited to, acidification, alkalizing, buffering, chelating, complexing and stabilizing agents, antioxidants, and antimicrobial properties. Preservatives, suspending and / or viscosity modifiers, and other biocompatible substances or therapeutic agents.
  • the stabilizer may be selected from one or more of glycerin, oleic acid, linoleic acid, sodium cholate, sodium deoxycholate, monoglyceryl stearate, ethyl oleate, ethyl linoleate.
  • the antioxidant includes one or more of ascorbyl palmitate, butylhydroxyanisole (BHA), dibutylhydroxytoluene (BHT); the chelating agent includes but is not limited to EDTA, three One or more of an amine pentaacetic acid and a sulfite.
  • the paclitaxel self-microemulsion composition of the present invention can be prepared by injecting various media such as physiological saline or glucose into an injection, intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intrathecal, etc.; or can be further prepared into other types of liquid preparations. , solid preparations, suppositories, external preparations, or lyophilized preparations, and the like.
  • Specific dosage forms include, but are not limited to, injectable solutions, lyophilized powders, capsules, soft capsules, pills, emulsions, transdermal patches, and the like.
  • the present invention provides a microemulsion comprising an effective amount of a taxane compound, an oil component, a surfactant, an aqueous solution of ethanol and glucose, wherein the surfactant is a phospholipid and a polyoxyethylene castor oil. mixture.
  • the microemulsion of the invention further contains lactic acid.
  • the lactic acid contained in the emulsion of the present invention can be used not only to adjust the pH value, to increase the stability of the taxane compound, to reduce the degradation of the taxane compound and the production of related substances, and more importantly, with other pharmacies.
  • the addition of lactic acid stabilizes the microemulsion for a longer period of time than conventionally used acids, yielding unexpected effects to those skilled in the art.
  • the emulsion of the present invention can be precipitated without precipitation at room temperature, and is stable for 12 hours or more, preferably for 18 hours or more, more preferably for 24 hours or more, and most preferably for more than 30 hours, which is far more than that formed by using other organic or inorganic acids.
  • the preparation is greatly beneficial to clinical use.
  • the docetaxan compound of the present invention is preferably paclitaxel and docetaxel, and most preferably paclitaxel.
  • the oil component of the above emulsion may be selected from pharmaceutically conventional oil phase ingredients including, but not limited to, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, or mixtures thereof.
  • the oil component is a "vegetable oil.”
  • the vegetable oil is an oil derived from plant seeds or nuts. Vegetable oils are usually "long-chain triglycerides" which consist of tri-fatty acids (typically from about 14 to about 22 carbons in length, depending on the source of the oil, with different numbers and positions of unsaturated bonds) and three on glycerol. The hydroxyl group is formed by forming an ester bond.
  • Vegetable oils include, but are not limited to, soybean oil, almond oil, borage oil, blackcurrant seed oil, castor oil, corn oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, cottonseed oil, peanut oil, olive oil, rapeseed oil, cocoa butter, palm oil , canola oil, sub
  • soybean oil, tea oil, safflower oil, cottonseed oil, evening primrose oil, and the like are preferred.
  • high purity vegetable oils are typically used to ensure the safety and stability of the formulation.
  • hydrogenated vegetable oils can also be used, which are prepared by controlled hydrogenation of vegetable oils.
  • the oil refers to "medium chain triglycerides”.
  • Medium chain triglycerides are another class of triglyceride oils, which may be natural or synthetic, made from fatty acids typically having a length of from about 8 to about 12 carbons.
  • MCT's have been widely used in emulsions designed for injection as a source of calories for patients requiring parenteral nutrition.
  • oils are commercially available, such as Mi g ⁇ yoI 210 and Mig yo 812N , CRODAMOL GTCC-PN , Neobees M-5 oil and the like.
  • the oil component can also be an oil from an animal. It also includes triglycerides, but the length of its three fatty acid chains differs from the unsaturated bonds in it and vegetable oils.
  • the animal fat obtained from a solid source of oil at room temperature eg, butter, lard, etc.
  • Other forms of animal fat which are liquid at room temperature include various fish oils, for example, ordinary fish oil, oyster sauce, salmon oil or tuna oil, and the like.
  • the phospholipid may be a phospholipid or a mixture of two or more phospholipids.
  • Phospholipid refers to a triglyceride having two fatty acids and one phosphate ion.
  • Phospholipids useful in the present invention include, but are not limited to, lecithin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, having from about 4 to about 22 carbon atoms, and more typically from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms. And different degrees of saturation of phosphatidic acid.
  • the phospholipids useful in the present invention may be phospholipids of natural origin.
  • Naturally occurring phospholipids include soy lecithin, egg lecithin, hydrogenated soy lecithin, hydrogenated egg lecithin, sphingosine, gangliosides and phytosphingosine, and combinations thereof.
  • Natural lecithin is a mixture of choline esters of stearic acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid linked to phosphoric acid, commonly known as phosphatidylcholine, and is available from a variety of sources, such as eggs and soy beans.
  • Soy lecithin and egg lecithin have a long history of safety, have comprehensive emulsification and solubility characteristics, and are more likely to disintegrate into harmless substances faster than most synthetic surfactants. Products are commercially available.
  • a preferred phospholipid of the invention is egg lecithin.
  • the phospholipid may also be a synthetic phospholipid, including but not limited to: diglycerides, such as 1, 2. Dilauroyl-sn-glycerol (DLG), 1, 2-di Decanoyl-sn-glycerol (DMG), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol (DPG), 1,2-distearoyl-s-glycerol (DSG); phosphatidic acid, for example 1, 2 ⁇ Decanoyl-sn-glycerol-3-picuric acid, sodium salt (DMPA, Na), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphatidic acid, sodium salt (DPPA, Na), 1 , 2- Stearic-sn-glycerol-3-ylic acid, sodium salt (DSPA, Na) ; phosphorylcholine, such as 1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DLPC), 1, 2-decanoyl
  • DMG Dilau
  • the weight ratio of the taxane compound, the oil component, the phospholipid to the polyoxyethylene castor oil is 1:3-10:30-80:20-50, preferably 1:3-8:30 -50: 20-40, particularly preferably 1:4-6:35-45:25-30. .
  • the emulsions of the present invention may further comprise other suitable pharmaceutically acceptable excipients including, but not limited to, acidification, alkalizing, buffering, chelating, complexing and stabilizing agents, antioxidants, and antimicrobial properties. Preservatives, suspending and / or viscosity modifiers, and other biocompatible substances or therapeutic agents.
  • the emulsion of the present invention can be formed by self-emulsification by adding the above-mentioned self-emulsifying composition containing an effective amount of a taxane compound, an oil component, a surfactant, and ethanol to a glucose injection solution, and does not require a high shearing device.
  • the surfactant is a phospholipid and a polyoxyethylene castor oil.
  • the emulsion of the present invention can be formed by self-emulsification by adding the above-mentioned self-emulsified composition containing an effective amount of a taxane compound, an oil component, a surfactant, ethanol, or lactic acid to a glucose injection solution, without requiring high Shearing device.
  • the surfactant is a phospholipid and a polyoxyethylene castor oil.
  • taxane compound is preferably paclitaxel and docetaxel, most preferably paclitaxel.
  • the emulsion has a particle size of Inm-100 Onm, preferably has a particle size of 10-800 nm, more preferably has a particle size of 50-500 nm, and most preferably has a particle size of 50-300 nm.
  • the emulsion has an average diameter of less than about 500 nm, 400 nm, 300 ran, 200 nm, 150 nm or 100 nm, preferably less than 400 nm, more preferably less than 300 nm, and most preferably less than 200 nm.
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned paclitaxel self-emulsifying composition, comprising the steps of: mixing paclitaxel, oil component, phospholipid, polyoxyethylene castor oil, ethanol and lactic acid, stirring and hooking, filtering, Dispense.
  • the composition of the composition of the present invention may have a paclitaxel content of 10 to 300 mg, preferably 20 to 200 mg, more preferably 30 to 100 mg.
  • the composition of the composition of the present invention may have a paclitaxel content of 10, 20, 30, 50, 60, 100, 150, 180, 200, 300 mg.
  • the volume of the unit preparation may be 2 to 60 ml, preferably 3 to 30 ml, and most preferably 5 to 20 ml.
  • the volume of the composition unit preparation of the present invention may be 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 ml.
  • the amount of polyoxyethylene castor oil is greatly reduced compared with the original paclitaxel injection, which is only 50% or less of the original paclitaxel injection, preferably less than 30% of the original paclitaxel injection, and soybean oil and lecithin are both It has good biocompatibility and is widely used as a main component of fat emulsion for injection. No serious side effects have been reported. Therefore, this prescription is expected to greatly reduce the probability and extent of allergic reactions.
  • composition of the present invention can be used for the treatment of cancer, and preferably the cancer to be treated is ovarian cancer, breast cancer, non-small cell cancer, head cancer or neck cancer.
  • Example 1 A particle size measurement chart of an emulsion formed by self-emulsification of a composition.
  • Fig. 2 is a graph showing the stability after dilution of each composition in Experimental Example 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a quantitative standard for the observation of paclitaxel crystals used in Experimental Example 5 of the present invention. detailed description
  • the lecithin is egg lecithin unless otherwise specified.
  • the lecithin used in the specific embodiment of the present invention is commercially available Lipod E80.
  • other commercially available lecithins and lecithins prepared by those skilled in the art according to the prior art can also be used in the present invention and achieve the same.
  • Technical effects The particle size of the emulsion formed from the emulsification of the product of the following examples was measured by a laser scatterometer.
  • the above ingredients were mixed, stirred well, and then filtered through a microporous membrane having a pore size of 0.22 ⁇ m, and dispensed.
  • the product is a clear liquid.
  • the above ingredients are mixed, stirred and hooked, and then filtered through a microporous membrane having a pore size of 0.22 ⁇ m, and dispensed.
  • the product is a clear liquid.
  • the above components were mixed, stirred well, and then filtered through a microporous membrane having a pore size of 0.22 ⁇ m, and separately obtained.
  • the product is a clear liquid.
  • the above ingredients were mixed and stirred uniformly, and then filtered through a microporous membrane having a pore size of 0.22 ⁇ m to be dispensed.
  • the product is a clear liquid.
  • the above ingredients are mixed: After stirring uniformly, the membrane is filtered through a microporous membrane having a pore size of 0.22 ⁇ m, and is obtained by dispensing. The product is a clear liquid.
  • the above ingredients were mixed, stirred well, and then filtered through a microporous membrane having a pore size of 0.22 m, and dispensed.
  • the product is a clear liquid.
  • the above ingredients are mixed: After stirring uniformly, the mixture is filtered through a microporous membrane having a pore size of 0.22 ⁇ m, and is obtained by dispensing. The product is a clear liquid.
  • Example 10 After stirring uniformly, the membrane is filtered through a microporous membrane having a pore size of 0.22 ⁇ m, and is obtained by dispensing. The product is a clear liquid.
  • Example 10 After stirring uniformly, the membrane is filtered through a microporous membrane having a pore size of 0.22 ⁇ m, and is obtained by dispensing. The product is a clear liquid.
  • the above ingredients are mixed, after mixing with a pore size microporous membrane 0.22 ⁇ filtration, dispensing, i.e. for t as a clear liquid product.
  • the above components were mixed, stirred well, and then filtered through a microporous membrane having a pore size of 0.22 ⁇ m, and separately obtained.
  • the product is a clear liquid.
  • the above ingredients were mixed, stirred well, and then filtered through a microporous membrane having a pore size of 0.22 ⁇ m, and dispensed.
  • the product is a clear liquid.
  • Soybean oil for injection 90g Soybean oil for injection 90g
  • the above ingredients were mixed, stirred well, and then filtered through a microporous membrane having a pore size of 0.22 ⁇ m to be dispensed.
  • the product is a clear liquid.
  • the above components were mixed, stirred well, and then filtered through a microporous membrane having a pore size of 0.22 ⁇ !, and then dispensed. Production The product is a clear liquid.
  • the composition of the composition was indicated by the constant volume of anhydrous ethanol instead of the weight of ethanol.
  • the weight of the ethanol added in the above examples was not significantly changed, and was about 3000 g depending on the actual situation.
  • the ingredients and ultrasonic were stirred and dissolved at 35 ° C and mixed.
  • compositions of Examples 1-3, Comparative Examples 1 and 2, and 5 ml of each commercially available Taxol were emulsified by injecting into 50 ml of a 5 % glucose solution, and the concentration of paclitaxel in the microemulsion was measured as a control. Leave at 25 ° C for 24 hours, respectively, at 1.5, 6, The above microemulsion was taken at 9, 12, and 24 hours, and the content of paclitaxel in the microemulsion was measured after filtration, and compared with the control, the change of paclitaxel content was calculated. The results are shown in Figure 2. Experimental Example 2 Tolerance of the compositions of the present invention to various harsh environments
  • Example 1 The composition prepared in Example 1 was placed under the exposure of 4500 luminescence, and the appearance color of the injection after 5 days and 10 days (before emulsification, after emulsification), pH value, clarity before emulsification, related substances, peroxide value, emulsification There was no significant change in 24-hour stability, main drug content, etc. compared to 0 days.
  • Appearance color (before emulsification) Yellow clear viscous liquid Yellow clear viscous liquid Yellow clear viscous liquid Appearance color (after emulsification;) Milky white liquid Milky white liquid Milky white liquid
  • Example II The composition prepared in Example I was placed at a high temperature of 60 ° C, and was measured after 0 days, 5 days, and 10 days. The data are shown in Table 2. Table 2. The tolerance of paclitaxel microemulsion injection to high temperature (6(TC)
  • Appearance color (before emulsification) Yellow clear viscous liquid Dark yellow clear viscous liquid Brown clear viscous liquid Appearance color (after emulsification) Milky white liquid Milky white liquid Milky white liquid Acidity 4.01 3.80 3.72
  • Microemulsion particle size (nm;) 155 154 153 Emulsification 24 hours stability 99.0 99.4 99.3
  • Example 3 Tolerance of paclitaxel microemulsion injection to low temperature
  • Appearance color (before emulsification) Yellow clear viscous liquid Yellow clear viscous liquid Yellow clear viscous liquid Appearance color (after emulsification) Milky white liquid Milky white liquid Milky white liquid
  • compositions of Examples 1-3 were placed in a 2-8 hr cold room, and the relevant indexes were measured at 0, 3, 6, 9, and 24 months.
  • Male guinea pigs were randomly divided into 4 groups, 7 in each group, respectively, commercially available paclitaxel injection (Taxol®), the self-emulsified paclitaxel microemulsion injection of the composition of Example 1, and the composition of Comparative Example 3.
  • the sensitized dose of the emulsified paclitaxel microemulsion injection, the negative control (5% glucose solution), the commercially available paclitaxel injection, and the paclitaxel microemulsion injection was 2 mg/kg, and the excitation dose was 5 mg/kg.
  • the sensitization was performed by intraperitoneal injection for 3 times, 0, 2, and 4 days, respectively, and the 14th sputum after the last injection was stimulated by the anterior iliac vein of the guinea pig.
  • the crystals of paclitaxel in microemulsions are usually needle-like or cluster-like, have obvious characteristics, and are easily distinguished from other substances under a microscope. According to this characteristic, the microscopic observation standard of paclitaxel crystal was established, and the degree of crystallization of paclitaxel was quantified as "-, +/-, +, ++ , +++ , ++++ ", and "+” was judged to be positive. In order to avoid sampling differences and miss detection as much as possible, the observation area was enlarged by about 25 fields of view, the number of observed crystals was counted, and the grades were classified according to the criteria shown in Table 8 and Figure 3. The results are shown in Table 9.
  • the number is less than the number of crystals in a single field of view.
  • the number is between 3-8, 8-20, more than 20, equal to 10, less than 3, and the stability of the microemulsion.
  • the self-emulsified pharmaceutical composition for transporting a taxane drug mainly comprises a taxane compound, an oil component, a surfactant, ethanol and lactic acid, has a safe composition, is simple to prepare, and is easy to be industrially produced. After being added to water, it can be self-emulsifying to form an emulsion, and it can be used for clinical use safely and conveniently for a long time.
  • the composition of the present invention can be used for cancers such as ovarian cancer, breast cancer, non-small cell cancer, head cancer or neck cancer. Treatment.

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Description

紫杉垸类化合物的自乳化制剂及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种紫杉垸类化合物的自乳化药用组合物, 特别涉及一种可经静脉给药的 紫杉垸类自乳化药用组合物。
背景技术
紫杉垸类化合物一类紫杉碱类和分子结果类似紫杉碱类的紫杉碱类的异构体、 类似物 和衍生物的总称, 是目前用于治疗转移性卵巢癌、 肺癌、 食管癌的一线治疗药物, 包括紫 杉醇、 多西紫杉醇、 赤果浆霉素、 赤果浆霉素二醋酸酯、 太平洋紫杉醇 B等, 其中, 临床 中最常用的紫杉烷类化合物为紫杉醇和多西紫杉醇。
紫杉醇具有式 I的结构,为白色结晶粉末,无臭,无味,其英文名称为 Paclitaxel或 Taxol, 分子式为 C47H51N014, 分子
Figure imgf000002_0001
式 I
多西紫杉醇是一种半合成的紫杉烷类, 又名紫杉特尔, 多西他赛, 英文名为 Docetaxel 或 Taxotere, 分子式 C43H53N014, 白色粉末, 不溶于水, 可溶于二氯甲烷、 甲醇, 具有式 II结构:
Figure imgf000002_0002
式 II
由于紫杉烷药物极难溶于水, 因此将其制备成静脉内注射或输注的制剂存在着较大的- 技术难度。 目前上市的紫杉醇注射液是一种无色透明或略带黄色的粘性溶液, 每毫升紫杉 醇注射液中含有 6 mg紫杉醇、 527 mg聚氧乙烯蓖麻油 (或称聚氧乙基代蓖麻油, Cremophor EL )和 49.7%无水乙醇, 但该制剂存在的问题主要有: ①溶剂的毒性和致敏性导致的高比例 的过敏反应, 包括由辅料聚氧乙烯蓖麻油导致的过敏反应所引起支气管痉挛、 呼吸急促、 疲倦、 低血压等; 此外在生产过程中容器以及临床应用中的注射器、 输液袋与聚氧乙烯蓖 麻油接触可浸出大量的增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二乙基乙酯, 导致过敏反应。 ②紫杉醇注射液稀 释后不稳定: 当该制剂被稀释后, 若超过 24 h, 会出现颗粒性沉淀, 而且分析表明该沉淀 不是紫杉醇, 因此在静滴时在输液器中要使用过滤器。 ③配伍变化: 临床常用的 60种药物 与紫杉醇注射液配伍会引起输液混浊, 某些药物与紫杉醇竞争结合血浆蛋白会使毒性增加。 ④注射部位的重度疼痛、 注射点处或周围血管的严重或潜在性的永久损害。
临床在使用以上紫杉醇注射液时, 为了预防发生以上不良反应, 在紫杉醇注射液治疗 前 12小时和 6小时口服地塞米松,治疗前 30〜60分钟给予苯海拉明,静注西咪替丁 300mg 或雷尼替丁 50mg。 而且, 紫杉醇注射液单药剂量控制为 135〜200mg/m2, 在粒细胞集落刺 激因子支持下, 剂量可达 250mg/m2, 将紫杉醇注射液用生理盐水或 5%葡萄糖盐水稀释至 最后浓度为 0.3〜1.2 mg/mL, 经过直径不超过 0.22 u m的微孔膜滤过后, 静滴 3小时; 联 合用药剂量为 135〜175mg/m2, 3〜4周重复。
为解决目前上市的紫杉醇注射剂存在的以上技术问题, 技术人员多年来针对聚氧乙烯 蓖麻油引起的不良反应、 增加紫杉醇的溶解度、 稳定性, 降低毒性、 增加生物利用度而展 开了大量的研究, 同时也对所釆用的技术方案能否产业化幵展了深入的探索。 目前所尝试 的方法包括前药法、 乳化法以及制成胶束、 脂质体、 纳米粒、 微乳、 微球、 环糊精包合物 及局部给药等方法, 其中比较有前途的是将紫杉醇制成微乳。
然而, 目前的紫杉醇微乳还停留在实验室阶段, 有些对生产机械设备有严格要求, 特 别是需要高压乳化、 或是需要高温乳化、 或是需要高速搅拌乳化, 这种方法工艺复杂, 成 本高, 不利于产业化生产, 而且所制备的乳剂稳定性差, 不能满足临床的需要。
WO2006037089 公幵了一种紫杉醇的乳剂, 包含紫杉醇、 植物油、 中链三酸甘油酯、 甘油、 磷脂、 水等, 然而, 其在制备时需要高剪切力混拌器搅拌, 然后在 18000-23000psi 的操作压力下通过微射流均质机 5次, 工艺成本高, 无法进行产业化生产。
中国专利申请 CN101450040A 也公开了一种紫杉烷乳剂, 含有紫杉醇、 PEG-(CH2)n- 胆甾醇、 大豆油、 油酸、 泊洛沙姆、 甘油、 磷脂和水, 在制备时, 也需要先在 50°C-80°C下 高速搅拌得初乳, 然后转移至高压乳均机中, 反复乳化至平均粒径 1微米的乳滴, 而且生 产过程需要充氮气进行保护。 该乳剂的制备方式也较复杂, 产业化生产比较困难。
中国专利申请 CN100341485C公开了一种紫杉醇的自乳化预浓缩物, 由紫杉醇、 聚氧 乙烯蓖麻油等表面活性剂、 中链甘油三酯等油相、 乙醇或丙二醇组成, 然而, 从其实施的 技术方案可以看出, 其所制备的产品在形成乳剂后不稳定, 因此仅能口服给药, 不能以静 脉注射的形式给予患者。
中国专利申请 CN1822859A也公幵了一种紫杉醇的自乳化制剂, 包含紫杉醇、 POE氢 化蓖麻油、 中链甘油三酯和助表面活性剂, 其中的助表面活性剂为单油酸甘油酯、 PG单月 桂酸酯等。 然而, 该制剂在加入水形成乳剂后, 也不能长时间稳定, 因此也只能口服给药, 不能作为静脉注射产品使用。
中国专利申请 CN1602854A 公幵了一种自乳化制剂, 包含紫杉醇、 聚氧乙烯蓖麻油 (Cremophor EL), Pluronic F68, 磷脂、 大豆油和乙醇, 该制剂在加入到葡萄糖注射液中后, 可自乳化形成乳剂。 然而, 在形成乳剂后, 稳定时间不长, 紫杉醇容易从溶液中析出, 影 响临床使用, 而且由于表面活性剂用量大, 使用时刺激性仍然很大。
因此可见, 目前的技术方案还远远不能满足紫杉醇临床用药需求, 现有技术仍然需要 一种制备简单、 使用方便、 刺激性小、 成本低、 可以产业化生产的稳定的紫杉烷注射制剂。 发明内容
本发明的发明人在付出大量创造性劳动的情况下, 通过反复实验, 研究出一种紫杉垸 类化合物的递送系统, 该制剂为澄清的液体, 制备简单, 易于产业化生产, 制剂加入到水 中后即可以自乳化形成乳剂, 并且形成的乳剂可长时间保持稳定, 可以安全方便地用于临 床, 从而完成了本发明。
本发明的组合物具有以下优点: (1)可供临床注射性使用; (2)形成的乳剂可直接使用, 并保持 >24小时的稳定性; (3) 可采用过滤除菌的方式; (4)其所采用的成分均为 FSDA允许 采用的静脉注射用成分; (5)生产工艺简单, 不采用高速剪切装置, 易于产业化生产; (6)不 刺激血管; (7)低过敏性; (8)不产生溶血; (9)不良反应较现有的紫杉醇制剂低。
一方面, 本发明提供了一种用以输送紫杉烷药物的医药组合物, 为澄明液体, 是一种 自乳化制剂, 包含有效量的紫杉垸类化合物、 油类成分、 表面活性剂和乙醇, 其中所述的 表面活性剂为磷脂和聚氧乙烯蓖麻油 (Cremophor EL)的组合。
本发明的组合物中紫杉垸类化合物、 油类成分、 磷脂与聚氧乙烯蓖麻油的重量比要达 到一定范围之内, 才能达到本申请所述的技术效果, 否则在乳化后, 微乳的稳定性差, 难 以满足临床使用的效果, 本发明中紫杉垸类化合物、 油类成分、 磷脂与聚氧乙烯蓖麻油的 重量比为 1 :3-10:30-80:20-50, 优选 1:3-8:30-50:20-40, 特别优选 1 : 4-6: 35-45: 25-30。
本发明中所述的紫杉烷类化合物, 涵盖的紫杉碱药物或紫杉碱药物的异构体、 类似物 或衍生物, 包括但不限于紫杉醇、 多西紫杉醇、 太平洋紫杉醇、 紫杉醚、 蛇鞭菊种素、 云 南杉醇、 紫杉醇 -2,13-二酮, 5 β , 9 β ,10 β -三羟基-环 -9,10-乙缩醛与丙酮或醋酸酯、 紫杉醇 -2,13-二酮, 5 β,9 β ,】0 β -三羟基-环 -9, 10-乙缩醛与丙酮或醋酸酯、 紫杉醇 -2 β ,15 β ,9 β ,10 β—四醇-环—9,10-乙缩醛与丙酮或醋酸酯、 Ν-脱苯甲酰基太平洋紫杉醇 Α、 三尖杉宁碱、 三 尖杉宁碱 -7-木糖苷、 7-环 -10-脱乙酰基-三尖杉宁碱、 10-脱乙酰基-三尖杉宁碱、赤果浆霉素、 赤果浆霉素二醋酸酯、 赤果浆霉素 I-VI、 7-环 -赤果浆霉素 III、 赤果浆霉素 A、 7-(4-叠氮- 苯甲酰基) -赤果浆霉素 ΙΠ、 0-乙酰基赤果浆霉素 IV、 7- (三乙基硅基) -赤果浆霉素 III、 7,10- 二 -0- [(2,2,2-三氯乙氧)-羰基] -赤果浆霉素 III、 13-(2,,3'-二羟基 -3'-苯基丙酰基) -赤果浆霉素 III、 赤果浆霉素 III 13-0-醋酸酯、 太平洋紫杉醇 B、 环太平洋紫杉醇、 10-脱乙酰基 -7-环太 平洋紫杉醇、 〗0-脱乙酰太平洋紫杉醇、 10-脱乙酰太平洋紫杉醇 8或 、 7-木糖 -10-脱乙酰 太平洋紫杉醇和 10-脱乙酰太平洋紫杉醇 -7-木糖苷。其中,本发明优选的紫杉垸化合物为紫 杉醇和多西紫杉醇, 最优选是紫杉醇。
以上医药组合物具有适宜的粘度, 可以方便地进行分装, 以供临床使用。 在临床使用 时, 将本发明的组合物加入到葡萄糖注射液中, 即可自乳化形成微乳, 该微乳剂具有 Inm-lOOOnm的粒径,优选具有 10-800nm的粒径, 更优选具有 50-500nm的粒径, 最优选具 有 50-300nm的粒径,可直接用于患者给药。所形成的微乳剂可以在室温条件下不析出沉淀, 保持稳定 8时以上, 优选稳定 12小时以上, 更优选稳定 18小时以上, 最优选稳定 24小时 以上, 特别优选稳定 30小时以上。
本发明中的油类成分可以选自药学上常规的油相成分, 包括但不限于单甘油酯、 双甘 油酯、 三酸甘油酯, 或其混合物。
在一些实施方案中, 所述油类成分为 "植物油"。 所述植物油为衍生自植物种子或坚果 的油。植物油通常为 "长链三酸甘油酯类", 其由三脂肪酸 (根据油的的来源不同, 通常长度 约 14至约 22个碳, 具有不同数目和位置的不饱和键) 与甘油上的三个羟基形成酯键而生 成。 植物油包括但不限于大豆油、 杏仁油、 琉璃苣油、 黑醋栗种子油、 蓖麻油、 玉米油、 红花油、 芝麻油、 棉籽油、 花生油、 橄榄油、 油菜籽油、 可可油、 棕榈油、 芥花籽油、 亚 麻子油、 茶油、 红花油、 棉子油、 月见草油等, 优选大豆油。
在一些实施方案中, 通常使用高纯度植物油以确保制剂的安全性和稳定性。 在一些实 施方案中, 还可以使用氢化植物油, 其通过植物油的可控氢化制得。
在另一些实施方案中, 所述油指 "中链三酸甘油酯类"。 中链三酸甘油酯类 (MCT's)为 另一类三酸甘油酯油, 其可为天然或合成品, 是自长度通常为约 8至约】 2个碳的脂肪酸制 得。 与植物油一样, MCT's 已被广泛应用在设计用于注射的乳剂中, 作为需要非经肠营养 的患者的热量来源。 这类油可通过商业渠道获得, 如 Miglyol 210 和 Miglyol 812, CRODAMOL GTCC-PN, Neobees M-5油等。
在另外一些实施方案中, 油类成分还可以是来自动物的油。 其亦包括三酸甘油酯类, 但其三个脂肪酸链的长度与其中的不饱和键与植物油不同。 自室温下为固态的油源 (例如: 牛油、 猪油, 等) 所得的动物脂肪可视需要加工成液态。 其它形式的在室温下本为液态的 动物脂包括各种鱼油, 例如, 可以是普通鱼油、 鲱鱼油、 鲑鱼油或金枪鱼油, 等等。
本发明中的磷脂可以是一种磷脂或二种以上磷脂的混合物。
所述磷脂是指具有两个脂肪酸和一个磷酸离子的甘油三酯。 可使用于本发明的磷脂包 括但不限于卵磷脂、 磷脂酰胆碱、 磷脂酰乙醇胺、 磷脂酰甘油、 具有约 4至约 22个碳原子 且更通常为约 1 0至约 1 8个碳原子且不同饱和度的磷脂酸。
可用于本发明的磷脂可以是天然来源的磷脂。 天然存在的磷脂包括大豆卵磷脂、 蛋卵 磷脂、 氢化大豆卵磷脂、 氢化蛋卵磷脂、 神经鞘氨醇、 神经节苷脂和植物鞘氨醇, 及其组 合。 天然的卵磷脂是为硬脂酸、 棕榈酸和油酸的双甘油酯连接于磷酸的胆碱酯的混合物, 通称为磷脂酰胆碱, 且可得自各种来源, 例如: 蛋和黄豆。 大豆卵磷脂和蛋卵磷脂 (包括 这些化合物的氢化产物) 具有长久的安全性历史, 拥有综合的乳化和溶解特性, 且比大部 分合成表面活性剂更容易较快崩解成无害物质, 以上产品均在市场上可购得。 本发明优选 的磷脂为蛋卵磷脂。
在本发明的某些实施方式中, 磷脂也可为合成磷脂, 包括但不限于: 双酸甘油酯类, 例如 1, 2. 二月桂酰 -sn-甘油 (DLG)、 1 , 2-二 S蔻酰 -sn-甘油 (DMG)、 1 , 2-二棕榈酰- sn- 甘油 (DPG)、 1, 2-二硬脂酰 - sn-甘油 (DSG); 磷脂酸类, 例如 1, 2-寛蔻酰 -sn-甘油 -3- 磷脂酸, 钠盐 (DMPA, Na)、 1 , 2-二棕榈酰 -sn-甘油 -3-磷脂酸, 钠盐 (DPPA, Na), 1, 2-硬 脂酰 -sn-甘油 -3-磷脂酸, 钠盐 (DSPA, Na); 磷酸胆碱类, 例如 1, 2-二月桂酰 -sn-甘油 -3-磷 酸胆碱 (DLPC)、 1, 2-S蔻酰 -sn-甘油 -3-磷酸胆碱 (DMPC)、 1, 2-二棕榈酰 -sn-甘油 -3-磷酸胆 碱 (DPPC)、 1, 2-二硬脂酰 -sn-甘油 -3-磷酸胆碱 (DSPC);磷酸乙醇胺类,例如 1, 2-月桂酰 -sn- 甘油 -3-磷酸乙醇胺 (DLPE)、 1, 2-苴蔻酰 -sn-甘油 -3-磷酸乙醇胺 (DMPE)、 1, 2-二棕榈酰 -sn- 甘油 -3-磷酸乙醇胺 (DPPE)、 1, 2 -二硬脂酰 -sn-甘油 -3-磷酸乙醇胺 (DSPE); 磷酸甘油酯类, 例如 1, 2-二月桂酰 -sn-甘油 -3-磷酸甘油, 钠盐 (DLPG)、 1, 2-竟蔻酰 -sn-甘油 -3-憐酸甘油, 钠盐 (DMPG)、 1, 2-S蔻酰 -sn-甘油 -3-磷酸 -sn小甘油, 铵盐 (DMP-sn-l-G, NH4)、 1, 2-棕榈 酰 -sn-甘油 -3-磷酸甘油,钠盐 (DPPG, Na)、 1, 2-二硬脂酰 -sn-甘油 -3-磷酸甘油,钠盐 (DSPG, Na)、 1, 2---硬脂酰 -sn-甘油 -3-磷酸 -sn-1-甘油, 钠盐 (DSP-sn- 1G, Na); 磷酸丝氨酸类, 例如 1, 2-二棕榈酰 -sn-甘油 -3-磷酸 -L-丝氨酸, 钠盐 (DPPS, Na); 混合链磷脂类, 例如 1-棕榈酰 -2-油酰 -sn-甘油 -3-磷酸胆碱 (POPC)、 1-棕榈酰 -2-油酰 -sn-甘油 -3-磷酸甘油, 钠盐 (POPG, Na), 1-棕榈酰 -2-油酰 -sn-甘油 -3-憐酸甘油, 铵盐 (POPG, NH4); 溶血磷脂类, 例如 1 -棕榈 酰 -2-溶血 -sn-甘油 -3-磷酸胆碱 (P-lyso-PC)、 1-硬脂酰 -2-溶血 -sn-甘油 -3-磷酸胆碱 (S-lyso-PC); 乙二醇化磷脂类, 例如 N- (羰基-甲氧基聚乙二醇 2000)-MPEG-2000-DPPE、 1, 2-二棕榈酰 -sn-甘油- 3-磷酸乙醇胺, 钠盐、 N- (羰基-甲氧基聚乙二醇 5000)-MPEG-5000-DSPE、 1 , 2- 二硬脂酰 -sn-甘油 -3-磷酸乙醇胺,钠盐、 N- (親基-甲氧基聚乙二醇 5000)-MPEG-5000-DPPE、 1, 2-棕榈酰 -sn-甘油 -3-磷酸乙醇胺,钠盐、 N- (羰基-甲氧基聚乙二醇 750)-MPEG-750-DSPE、 1 , 2-二硬脂酰 -sn-甘油 -3-磷酸乙醇胺, 钠盐、 N- (羰基-甲氧基聚乙二醇 2000)-MPEG-2000-DSPE, 1, 2-二硬脂酰 -sn-甘油 -3-磷酸乙醇胺, 钠盐等。
本发明组合物中的乙醇起着调节组合物粘度的作用, 使组合物易于分装和过滤除菌。 在某些实施方式中, 本发明组合物还进一步含有乳酸。 申请人经大量的实验研究, 发 现本发明组合物中加入乳酸, 不仅能用来调节 pH值, 增加紫杉醇的稳定性, 减少紫杉醇的 降解和有关物质的产生, 更重要的是, 本发明体系中加入乳酸, 与加入其它药学上常用酸 相比, 能使组合物在加入葡萄糖注射液形成乳剂后稳定更长的时间, 产生了本领域技术人 员意想不到的效果。
因此, 本发明还提供了一种用以输送紫杉垸药物的医药组合物, 为澄明液体, 是一种 自乳化制剂, 包含或基本上由下列成分所组成: 有效量的紫杉垸类化合物、 油类成分、 表 面活性剂、 乙醇和乳酸, 其中所述的表面活性剂为磷脂和聚氧乙烯蓖麻油的组合。 以上医 药组合物具有适宜的粘度, 可以方便地进行分装, 以供临床使用。 在临床使用时, 将本发 明的组合物加入到葡萄糖注射液中, 即可自乳化形成微乳剂,该微乳剂具有 Inm-lOOOnm的 粒径, 优选具有 10-800nm的粒径, 更优选具有 50-500nm的粒径, 最优选具有 50-300nm的 粒径, 可直接用于患者注射给药。 本发明所提供的含有紫杉烷类化合物、 油类成分、 磷脂、 聚氧乙烯蓖麻油、 乙醇和乳酸的药物组合物在形成微乳剂后, 具有非常优越的稳定性, 可 以在室温条件下不析出沉淀, 保持稳定 12小时以上, 优选稳定 18小时以上, 更优选稳定 24小时以上, 最优选稳定 30小时以上, 远远超过使用其它有机或无机酸所形成的制剂, 大 大有利于临床的使用。
在以上组合物中, 紫杉烷类化合物、 油类成分、 磷脂与聚氧乙烯蓖麻油的重量比为 1 :3-10:30-80:20-50, 优选 1 :3-8:30-50:20-40, 特别优选 1 : 4-6: 35-45: 25-30。 其中, 所述 的紫杉垸类化合物优选是紫杉醇和多西紫杉醇, 最优选是紫杉醇。
在一些具体的实施方式中, 本发明的紫杉烷类化合物的自乳化组合物包含以下成分或 由以下成分组成, 其中各成分以重量百分比计:
紫杉类化合物 0.1〜1%
大豆油 0.2〜10%
卵磷脂 10〜55%
聚氧乙烯蓖麻油 5〜55%
乳酸 0.01〜0.3%
乙醇 30〜70% 。
优选地, 本发明的紫杉类化合物的自乳化组合物包含以下成分或由以下成分组成, 其 中各成分以重量百分比计- 紫杉类化合物 0.1〜1%
大豆油 1〜10%
卵磷脂 15〜40%
聚氧乙烯蓖麻油 10〜30%
乳酸 0.02〜0.2%
乙醇 40〜70 % 。
最优选地, 本发明的紫杉类化合物的自乳化组合物包含以下成分或由以下成分组成, 其中各成分以重量百分比计:
紫杉类化合物 0.1〜1% 大豆油 2〜3%
卵磷脂 18〜25%
聚氧乙烯蓖麻油 10〜20%
乳酸 0.05〜0.2%
乙醇 50〜70% 。
其中, 所述的紫杉垸类化合物优选是紫杉醇和多西紫杉醇, 最优选是紫杉醇。 在某些实施方案中, 本发明组合物还可以进一步包含其他适宜的药学上可接受的辅料, 包括但不限于酸化、 碱化、 缓冲、 螯合、 复合及稳定剂、 抗氧化剂和抗微生物性防腐剂、 悬浮及 /或黏度改性剂, 和其它生物兼容性物质或治疗剂等。 所述的稳定剂可以选自甘油、 油酸、 亚油酸、 胆酸钠、 去氧胆酸钠、 硬脂酸单甘油酯、 油酸乙酯、 亚油酸乙酯中的一种 或几种; 所述的抗氧化剂包括抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、 丁基羟基茴香醚( BHA)、 二丁基羟基甲 苯 (BHT)中的一种或几种; 所述的螯合剂包括但不限于 EDTA、 三胺五乙酸和亚硫酸盐中的 一种或几种。
本发明所述的紫杉醇自微乳组合物可用生理盐水或葡萄糖等各种介质分散后制成注射 剂, 进行静脉、 皮下、 肌肉、 鞘内等注射; 也可制成进一步制成其他类型的液体制剂、 固 体制剂、 栓剂、 外用制剂、 或冻干制剂等等。 具体的剂型包括但不限于注射液、 冻干粉针 剂、 胶囊、 软胶囊、 滴丸剂、 乳剂、 透皮贴片等。
另一方面, 本发明还提供了一种微乳剂, 包含有效量的紫杉垸类化合物、 油类成分、 表面活性剂、 乙醇和葡萄糖水溶液, 其中的表面活性剂为磷脂和聚氧乙烯蓖麻油的混合物。 优选地,本发明的微乳剂还含有乳酸。本发明的乳剂中所含有的乳酸不仅能用来调节 PH值, 增加紫杉垸类化合物的稳定性, 减少紫杉垸类化合物的降解和有关物质的产生, 更重要的 是, 与其它药学上常用酸相比, 乳酸的加入能使该微乳剂稳定更长的时间, 产生了本领域 技术人员意想不到的效果。本发明乳剂可以在室温条件下不析出沉淀,保持稳定 12时以上, 优选稳定 18小时以上, 更优选稳定 24小时以上, 最优选稳定 30小时以上, 远远超过使用 其它有机或无机酸所形成的制剂, 大大有利于临床的使用。 其中, 本发明所述的紫杉垸类 化合物优选是紫杉醇和多西紫杉醇, 最优选是紫杉醇。
上述乳剂中的油类成分可以选自药学上常规的油相成分, 包括但不限于单甘油酯、 双 甘油酯、 三酸甘油酯, 或其混合物。
在一些实施方案中, 所述油类成分为 "植物油"。 所述植物油为衍生自植物种子或坚果 的油。 植物油通常为 "长链三酸甘油酯类", 其由三脂肪酸 (根据油的的来源不同, 通常长度 约 14至约 22个碳, 具有不同数目和位置的不饱和键) 与甘油上的三个羟基形成酯键而生 成。 植物油包括但不限于大豆油、 杏仁油、 琉璃苣油、 黑醋栗种子油、 蓖麻油、 玉米油、 红花油、 芝麻油、 棉籽油、 花生油、 橄榄油、 油菜籽油、 可可油、 棕榈油、 芥花籽油、 亚 麻子油、 茶油、 红花油、 棉子油、 月见草油等, 优选大豆油。
在一些实施方案中, 通常使用高纯度植物油以确保制剂的安全性和稳定性。 在一些实 施方案中, 还可以使用氢化植物油, 其通过植物油的可控氢化制得。
在另一些实施方案中, 所述油指 "中链三酸甘油酯类"。 中链三酸甘油酯类 (MCT's)为 另一类三酸甘油酯油, 其可为天然或合成品, 是自长度通常为约 8至约 12个碳的脂肪酸制 得。 与植物油一样, MCT's 已被广泛应用在设计用于注射的乳剂中, 作为需要非经肠营养 的患者的热量来源。 这类油可通过商业渠道获得, 如 Mig】yoI 210 和 Mig】yo】 812N , CRODAMOL GTCC-PN, Neobees M-5油等。
在另外一些实施方案中, 油类成分还可以是来自动物的油。 其亦包括三酸甘油酯类, 但其三个脂肪酸链的长度与其中的不饱和键与植物油不同。 自室温下为固态的油源(例如: 牛油、 猪油, 等) 所得的动物脂肪可视需要加工成液态。 其它形式的在室温下本为液态的 动物脂包括各种鱼油, 例如, 可以是普通鱼油、 鲱油、 鲑鱼油或金枪鱼油, 等等。
所述的磷脂可以是一种磷脂或二种以上磷脂的混合物。 磷脂是指具有两个脂肪酸和一 个磷酸离子的甘油三酯。 可使用于本发明的磷脂包括但不限于卵磷脂、 磷脂酰胆碱、 磷脂 酰乙醇胺、 磷脂酰甘油、 具有约 4至约 22个碳原子且更通常为约 1 0至约 1 8个碳原子且 不同饱和度的磷脂酸。
可用于本发明的磷脂可以是天然来源的磷脂。 天然存在的磷脂包括大豆卵磷脂、 蛋卵 磷脂、 氢化大豆卵磷脂、 氢化蛋卵磷脂、 神经鞘氨醇、 神经节苷脂和植物鞘氨醇, 及其组 合。 天然的卵磷脂是为硬脂酸、 棕榈酸和油酸的双甘油酯连接于磷酸的胆碱酯的混合物, 通称为磷脂酰胆碱, 且可得自各种来源, 例如: 蛋和黄豆。 大豆卵磷脂和蛋卵磷脂 (包括 这些化合物的氢化产物) 具有长久的安全性历史, 拥有综合的乳化和溶解特性, 且比大部 分合成表面活性剂更容易较快崩解成无害物质, 以上产品均在市场上可购得。 本发明优选 的磷脂为蛋卵磷脂。
在本发明的某些实施方式中, 磷脂也可为合成磷脂, 包括但不限于: 双酸甘油酯类, 例如 1, 2. 二月桂酰 -sn-甘油 (DLG)、 1, 2-二莖蔻酰 -sn-甘油 (DMG)、 1, 2-二棕榈酰- sn- 甘油 (DPG)、 1 , 2-二硬脂酰 - sn-甘油 (DSG); 磷脂酸类, 例如 1, 2 苴蔻酰 -sn-甘油 -3- 憐脂酸, 钠盐 (DMPA, Na)、 1, 2-二棕榈酰 -sn-甘油 -3-磷脂酸, 钠盐 (DPPA, Na)、 1 , 2-硬 脂酰 -sn-甘油 -3-ί粦脂酸, 钠盐 (DSPA, Na); 磷酸胆碱类, 例如 1, 2-二月桂酰 -sn-甘油 -3-磷 酸胆碱 (DLPC)、 1 , 2-茛蔻酰 -sn-甘油 -3-磔酸胆碱 (DMPC)、 1, 2-二棕榈酰 -sn-甘油 -3-磷酸胆 碱 (DPPC)、 1, 2-二硬脂酰 -sn-甘油 -3-磷酸胆碱 (DSPC);磷酸乙醇胺类,例如 1, 2-月桂酰 -sn- 甘油- 3-磷酸乙醇胺 (DLPE)、 1, 2-莧蔻酰 -sn-甘油 -3-磷酸乙醇胺 (DMPE)、 1, 2-二棕榈酰 -sn- 甘油 -3-磷酸乙醇胺 (DPPE)、 1 , 2 -二硬脂酰 -sn-甘油 -3-磷酸乙醇胺 (DSPE); 磷酸甘油酯类, 例如 1, 2-二月桂酰 -sn-甘油 -3-磷酸甘油, 钠盐 (DLPG)、 1, 2- S蔻酰 -sn-甘油 -3-磷酸甘油, 钠盐 (DMPG)、 1, 2-茛蔻酰 -sn-甘油 -3-磷酸 -sn-1-甘油, 铵盐 (DMP-s^l-G, NH4)、 1, 2-棕榈 酰- sn-甘油 -3-磷酸甘油,钠盐 (DPPG, Na)、 1, 2-二硬脂酰 -sn-甘油 -3-磷酸甘油,钠盐 (DSPG, Na)、 1, 2—硬脂酰 -sn-甘油 -3-磔酸 -sn-1-甘油, 钠盐 (DSP-sn-lG, Na); 磷酸丝氨酸类, 例如 1, 2-二棕榈酰 -sn-甘油 -3-憐酸 -L-丝氨酸, 钠盐 (DPPS , Na); 混合链磷脂类, 例如 1-棕榈酰 -2-油酰 -sn-甘油 -3-磷酸胆碱 (POPC)、 1-棕榈酰 -2-油酰 -sn-甘油 -3-磷酸甘油, 钠盐 (POPG, Na)、 1-棕榈酰 -2-油酰 -sn-甘油 -3-磷酸甘油, 铵盐 (POPG, NH4); 溶血磷脂类, 例如 棕榈 酰 -2-溶血 -sn-甘油 -3-磷酸胆碱 (P-lyso-PC)、 1-硬脂酰 -2-溶血 -sn-甘油 -3-憐酸胆碱 (S-lyso-PC); 乙二醇化磷脂类, 例如 N- (羰基-甲氧基聚乙二醇 2000)-MPEG-2000-DPPE、 1, 2-二棕榈酰 -sn-甘油 -3-磷酸乙醇胺, 钠盐、 N- (羰基-甲氧基聚乙二醇 5000)-MPEG-5000-DSPE、 1, 2- 二硬脂酰 -sn-甘油 -3-磷酸乙醇胺,钠盐、 N- (羰基-甲氧基聚乙二醇 5000)-MPEG-5000-DPPE、 1, 2-棕榈酰 -sn-甘油 -3-磷酸乙醇胺,钠盐、 N- (羰基-甲氧基聚乙二醇 750)-MPEG-750-DSPE、 1, 2-二硬脂酰 -sn-甘油 -3-磷酸乙醇胺, 钠盐、 N- (羰基-甲氧基聚乙二醇 2000)-MPEG-2000-DSPE, 1 , 2-二硬脂酰 -sn-甘油 -3-隣酸乙醇胺, 钠盐等。
本发明的微乳剂中, 紫杉烷类化合物、 油类成分、 磷脂与聚氧乙烯蓖麻油的重量比为 1 :3-10:30-80:20-50, 优选 1 :3-8:30-50:20-40, 特别优选 1 :4-6:35-45:25-30。。
在某些实施方案中, 本发明的乳剂还可以进一步包含其他适宜的药学上可接受的辅料, 包括但不限于酸化、 碱化、 缓冲、 螯合、 复合及稳定剂、 抗氧化剂和抗微生物性防腐剂、 悬浮及 /或黏度改性剂, 和其它生物兼容性物质或治疗剂等。
本发明的乳剂可通过将上述含有有效量的紫杉垸类化合物、 油类成分、 表面活性剂、 乙醇的自乳化组合物加入到葡萄糖注射液中自乳化形成, 不需要高剪切装置。 其中, 所述 表面活性剂为磷脂和聚氧乙烯蓖麻油。
优选的, 本发明的乳剂可通过将上述含有有效量的紫杉垸类化合物、 油类成分、 表面 活性剂、 乙醇、 乳酸的自乳化组合物加入到葡萄糖注射液中自乳化形成, 不需要高剪切装 置。 其中, 所述表面活性剂为磷脂和聚氧乙烯蓖麻油。
其中, 所述的紫杉垸类化合物优选是紫杉醇和多西紫杉醇, 最优选是紫杉醇。
- 在一些实施方案中, 该乳剂具有 Inm-lOOOnm的粒径, 优选具有 10-800nm的粒径, 更 优选具有 50-500nm的粒径, 最优选具有 50-300nm的粒径。
在另一些具体的实施方式中,该乳剂的平均直径小于约 500nm、400nm、300ran、200nm、 150nm或 100nm, 优选小于 400nm , 更优选小于 300nm,最优选小于 200 nm。
最后, 本发明还提供了一种上述紫杉醇自乳化组合物的制备方法, 包括以下步骤: 将 紫杉醇、 油类成分、 磷脂、 聚氧乙烯蓖麻油、 乙醇和乳酸混合, 搅拌均勾后, 过滤, 分装。
本发明的组合物单位制剂的紫杉醇含量可以是 10〜300mg, 优选 20〜200mg , 更优选 30〜100mg。 例如, 本发明的组合物单位制剂内紫杉醇含量可以是 10、 20、 30、 50、 60、 100、 150、 180、 200、 300mg。单位制剂的体积可以是 2〜60ml, 优选 3〜30ml, 最优选 5〜 20ml。 例如, 本发明的组合物单位制剂的体积可以是 2、 2.5、 3、 3.5、 4、 4.5、 5、 5.5、 6、 6.5、 7、 7.5、 8、 8.5、 9、 9.5、 10、 20、 30、 40、 50、 60 ml 。 本领域技术人员根据临床需 要和本领域公知技术调整单位制剂的体积和药物的含量。 本发明的组合物中, 聚氧乙烯蓖 麻油用量较原紫杉醇注射液大幅减少, 仅为原紫杉醇注射液的 50%以下, 优选为原紫杉醇 注射液的 30%以下, 而大豆油、 卵磷脂均具有很好的生物相容性, 作为注射用脂肪乳的主 要组成分被广泛使用, 未见严重毒副作用的报道, 因此本处方可望大幅降低过敏反应发生 的概率和程度。
本发明的组合物可以用于癌症的治疗, 优选治疗的癌症为卵巢癌、 乳腺癌、 非小细胞 癌、 头癌或颈癌。
附图说明
附图 1 本发明实施例 1组合物自乳化后形成的乳剂的粒径测定图。
附图 2 本发明实验例 1中各组合物稀释后稳定性对比图。
附图 3 本发明实验例 5所采用的紫杉醇结晶显微镜观测量化标准。 具体实施方式
以下实施方式仅仅是用来说明本发明, 并不对本发明的范围进行限制。 本领域技术人 员在理解本发明的精神后, 可根据所属领域公知常识进行各种相应的改变, 这些均应在本 发明的保护范围之内。 在其后的内容中, 除非特别指明, 所述的卵磷脂均为蛋卵磷脂。 在 本发明具体实施方式中使用的卵磷脂为市售的 Lipod E80, 当然, 采用其他市售的卵磷脂以 及本领域技术人员根据现有技术制备的卵磷脂也可以用于本发明并取得相同的技术效果。 以下实施例的产品自乳化后形成的乳剂的粒径采用激光散射仪测定。 实施例 1
紫杉醇 30g
注射用大豆油 147.5g
卵瞵脂 1250g
乳酸 5ml
聚氧乙烯蓖麻油 800g
无水乙醇 加至 6000ml
将以上成分混合, 搅拌均匀后, 用孔径为 0.22μπι的微孔滤膜过滤, 分装, 即得。 产 品为澄明液体。
实施例 2
紫杉醇 30g
注射用大豆油 120g
卵磷脂 1050g 乳酸 4ml
聚氧乙烯蓖麻油 750g
无水乙醇 加至 6000ml
将以上成分混合, 搅拌均勾后, 用孔径为 0.22μηι的微孔滤膜过滤, 分装, 即得。 产 品为澄明液体。
实施例 3
紫杉醇 30g
注射用大豆油 180g
卵磷脂 1350g
乳酸 6ml
聚氧乙烯蓖麻油 900g
无水乙醇 加至 6000ml
将以上成分混合, 搅拌均匀后, 用孔径为 0.22μιη的微孔滤膜过滤, 分装, 即得。 产 品为澄明液体。
实施例 4
紫杉醇 30g
注射用大豆油 147.5g
卵磷脂 1210g
乳酸 5ml
聚氧乙烯蓖麻油 800g
无水乙醇 加至 6000ml
将以上成分混合: 搅拌均匀后, 用孔径为 0.22μη!的微孔滤膜过滤, 分装, 即得。 产 品为澄明液体。
实施例 5
紫杉醇 30g
注射用大豆油 147.5g
卵磷脂 968g
乳酸 5ml
聚氧乙烯蓖麻油 lOOOg
无水乙醇 加至 6000ml
将以上成分混合 搅拌均匀后, 用孔径为 0.22μιη的微孔滤膜过滤, 分装' 即得。 产 品为澄明液体。
实施例 6
紫杉醇 30g
π 注射用大豆油 90g
卵磷脂 900g
乳酸 4ml
聚氧乙烯蓖麻油 600g
无水乙醇 加至 6000ml
将以上成分混合: 搅拌均匀后, 用孔径为 0.22μηι的微孔滤膜过滤, 分装, 即得。 产 品为澄明液体。
实施例 7
紫杉醇 30g
注射用大豆油 240g
卵磷脂 1500g
乳酸 6ml
聚氧乙烯蓖麻油 1200g
无水乙醇 加至 6000ml
将以上成分混合, 搅拌均匀后, 用孔径为 0.22 m的微孔滤膜过滤, 分装, 即得。 产 品为澄明液体。
实施例 8
紫杉醇 30g
注射用大豆油 300g
卵磷脂 2400g
乳酸 5ml
聚氧乙烯蓖麻油 1500g
无水乙醇 加至 6000ml
将以上成分混合: 搅拌均匀后, 用孔径为 0.22μιη的微孔滤膜过滤, 分装, 即得。 产 品为澄明液体。
实施例 9
紫杉醇 30g
注射用大豆油 156.8g
卵轔脂 1210g
乳酸 5ml
聚氧乙烯蓖麻油 790g
无水乙醇 加至 6000ml
将以上成分混合: 搅拌均匀后, 用孔径为 0.22μηι的微孔滤膜过滤, 分装, 即得。 产 品为澄明液体。 实施例 10
紫杉醇 30g
注射用大豆油 142.5g
卵磷脂 1250g
乳酸 5ml
聚氧乙烯蓖麻油 750g
无水乙醇 加至 6000ml
将以上成分混合, 搅拌均匀后, 用孔径为 0.22μηι的微孔滤膜过滤, 分装, 即得 t 产 品为澄明液体。
实施例 11
紫杉醇 30g
注射用大豆油 145g
卵磷脂 1300g
乳酸 5ml
聚氧乙烯蓖麻油 800g
无水乙醇 加至 6000ml
将以上成分混合, 搅拌均匀后, 用孔径为 0.22μιη的微孔滤膜过滤, 分装, 即得。 产 品为澄明液体。
实施例 12
紫杉醇 30g
注射用大豆油 147.5g
卵磷脂 1250g
聚氧乙烯蓖麻油 800g
无水乙醇 加至 6000ml
将以上成分混合, 搅拌均匀后, 用孔径为 0.22μηι的微孔滤膜过滤, 分装, 即得。 产品为澄 明液体。
实施例 13
紫杉醇 30g
注射用大豆油 147.5g
卵磷脂 1250g
2ml
聚氧乙烯蓖麻油 800g
无水乙醇 加至 6000ml
将以上成分混合, 搅拌均匀后, 用孔径为 0.22μιη的微孔滤膜过滤, 分装, 即得。 产品为澄 明液体。
实施例 14
紫杉醇 30g
注射用大豆油 128g
卵磷脂 1089g
乳酸 5ml
聚氧乙烯蓖麻油 900g
无水乙醇 加至 6000ml
将以上成分混合, 搅拌均匀后, 用孔径为 0.22μιη的微孔滤膜过滤, 分装, 即得 Ε 品为澄明液体。
:例 15
多西紫杉醇 30g
注射用大豆油 128g
卵磷脂 1089g
乳酸 5ml
聚氧乙烯蓖麻油 900g
无水乙醇 加至 6000ml
将以上成分混合, 搅拌均匀后, 用孔径为 0.22μπι的微孔滤膜过滤, 分装, 即得。 产 为澄明液体。
綱 16
紫杉醇 30g
注射用大豆油 90g
卵磷脂 900g
聚氧乙烯蓖麻油 600g
无水乙醇 加至 6000ml
将以上成分混合, 搅拌均匀后, 用孔径为 0.22μιη的微孔滤膜过滤, 分装' 即得。 产品为澄 明液体。
实施例 17
紫杉醇 30g
注射用大豆油 300g
卵磷脂 2400g
聚氧乙烯蓖麻油 1500g
无水乙醇 加至 6000ml
将以上成分混合, 搅拌均匀后, 用孔径为 0.22μη!的微孔滤膜过滤, 分装, 即得。 产 品为澄明液体。 注: 以上实施例 1-17中,采用了无水乙醇定容而非乙醇重量的方式表明组合物的组成。 实际上, 虽然在各实施例组合物中其它成分的用量有一定变化, 但经实际测定, 以上实施 例中加入的乙醇重量变化并不大, 根据实际情况, 为约 3000g左右。
对比实施例 1
紫杉醇 30g
注射用大豆油 100g
卵磷脂 500g
聚氧乙烯蓖麻油 1000g
无水乙醇 500g
将以上成分混合, 搅拌均匀后, 用孔径为 0.22μιη的微孔滤膜过滤, 分装, 即得。
对比实施例 2
紫杉醇 30g
中链脂肪酸甘油酯 138g
Cremophor- EL 126.5g
磷脂 83g
胆固醇硫酸钠 8g
维生素 E 12g
乙醇 60g
将各成分、 超声, 35°C搅拌溶解、 混匀。
对比实施例 3
紫杉醇 30g
注射用大豆油 80g
卵磷脂 562.5g
Pluronic F68 562.5g
聚氧乙烯蓖麻油 790g
无水乙醇 800g
将以上成分混合, 搅拌均匀后, 用孔径为 0.22μηι的微孔滤膜过滤, 分装, 即得 实验例 1
取实施例 1-3、对比实施例 1和 2的组合物以及市售 Taxol 各 5ml注入到 50ml 5 %葡萄 糖溶液中乳化, 测定微乳中紫杉醇浓度, 作为对照。 25°C下放置 24小时, 分别于 1.5、 6、 9、 12、 24小时取上述微乳, 过滤后测定微乳中紫杉醇含量, 与对照进行比较, 计算紫杉醇 含量变化。 结果见附图 2。 实验例 2本发明组合物对各种剧烈环境的耐受性
1. 紫杉醇微乳注射液对强光照射的耐受性
实施例 1制备的组合物在 4500LUX强光照射条件下放置, 5天、 10天后注射液外观色 泽 (乳化前、 乳化后)、 pH值、 乳化前澄明度、 有关物质、 过氧化物值、 乳化 24小时稳定 性、 主药含量等方面与 0天相比没有明显变化。
紫杉醇微乳注射液对强光照射的耐受性
放置天数
检査项目 -
0天 5天 10天
外观色泽 (乳化前) 黄色澄明粘稠液体 黄色澄明粘稠液体 黄色澄明粘稠液体 外观色泽 (乳化后;) 乳白色液体 乳白色液体 乳白色液体
酸度 4.01 3.98 3.90
澄明度 (乳化前) 合格 合格 合格
有关物质(%) 0.73 0.8】 0.88
过氧化物值 0.2 0.2 0.1
微乳粒径 (nm) 155 156 159
乳化 24小时稳定性 99.2 99.3 99.8
(%)
主药含量(°/。) 102.8 101.7 101.9 ,
2. 紫杉醇微乳注射液对高温的耐受性
实施例 I制备的组合物在 60°C高温条件下放置, 0天、 5天、 10天后进行测定, 数据 见表 2。 表.2紫杉醇微乳注射液对高温 (6(TC ) 的耐受性
放置天数
检査项目
0天 天 10天
外观色泽 (乳化前) 黄色澄明粘稠液体 深黄色澄明粘稠液体 棕色澄明粘稠液体 外观色泽 (乳化后) 乳白色液体 乳白色液体 乳白色液体 酸度 4.01 3.80 3.72
澄明度 (乳化前) 合格 合格 合格
有关物质(%;) 0.73 3.37 4.72
过氧化物值 0.2 0.5 0.6
微乳粒径 (nm;) 155 154 153 乳化 24小时稳定性 99.0 99.4 99.3
主药含量 (%) 102.8 101.8 97.9
3. 紫杉醇微乳注射液对低温的耐受性
实施例 1制备的组合物在 2-8°C条件下放置, 0天、 天、 10天后对其质量进行测定, 结果见表 3。 表 3 紫杉醇微乳注射液对低温的耐受性
放置天数
检查项目
0天 天 10天
外观色泽 (乳化前) 黄色澄明粘稠液体 黄色澄明粘稠液体 黄色澄明粘稠液体 外观色泽 (乳化后) 乳白色液体 乳白色液体 乳白色液体
酸度 4.01 4.10 4.05
澄明度 (乳化前) 合格 合格 合格
有关物质(%) 0.73 0.81 0.85
过氧化物值 0.2 0.4 0.5
微乳粒径 (nm) 155 157 158
乳化 24小时稳定性 99.1 98.2 100.7
主药含量 c¼) 102.8 103.3 102.1 实验例 3长期留样试验研究
将实施例 1-3 的药物组合物, 置于 2-8Ό冷藏室中, 于第 0、 3、 6、 9、 24个月测定有 关指标。
表 4.紫杉醇微乳注射剂 2-8°C长期留样试验结果 样品 考察项目 0月 3月 6月 9月 24月 黄色澄明 黄色澄明 黄色澄明 黄色澄明 黄色澄明 乳化前外观色泽
粘稠液体 粘稠液体 粘稠液体 粘稠液体 粘稠液体 乳白色液 乳白色液 乳白色液 乳白色液 黄色澄明 乳化后外观色泽
体 体 体 体 粘稠液体 pH 值 4.1 1 4.05 4.02 4.10 4.07 实施
乳化前澄明度 合格 合格 合格 合格 合格 例 1
有关物质 (%) 0.49 0.72 0.73 0.68 0.75 过氧化物值 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 乳化粒径 (ran) 155 156 155 159 159
9hr乳化稳定性(%) 98.8 99.0 98.9 100 99.2 含 量(%) 99.3 100.6 100.0 100.1 99.6 黄色澄明 黄色澄明 黄色澄明 黄色澄明 黄色澄明 乳化前外观色泽
粘稠液体 粘稠液体 粘稠液体 粘稠液体 粘稠液体 乳白色液 乳白色液 乳白色液 乳白色液 乳白色液 乳化后外观色泽
体 体 体 体 体 pH 值 3.88 3.90 3.95 3.90 3.96 实施
乳化前澄明度 合格 合格 合格 合格 合格 例 2
有关物质 (%) 0.39 0.86 0.86 0.69 0.89 过氧化物值 0 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.3 乳化粒径 (nm) 156 150 151 154 159
9hr乳化稳定性 «) 99.6 100.8 98.5 98.3 99.2 含 量(%) 】0〗.3 100.9 101.3 100.9 99.8 黄色澄明 黄色澄明 黄色澄明 黄色澄明 黄色澄明 乳化前外观色泽
粘稠液体 粘稠液体 粘稠液体 粘稠液体 粘稠液体 乳白色液 乳白色液 乳白色液 乳白色液 乳白色液 乳化后外观色泽
体 体 体 体 体 pH 值 4.02 4.05 4.01 3.95 4.07 实施
乳化前澄明度 合格 合格 合格 合格 合格 例 3
有关物质(%) 0.45 0.81 0.99 0.79 0.97 过氧化物值 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 乳化粒径 (ran) 】50 153 150 155 151
9hr乳化稳定性 (¾) 98.7 100.3 99.3 100.8 100.2 含 量(%) 100.9 100.8 100.2 100.2 99.9 实验例 4过敏试验
取雄性豚鼠随机分为 4组, 每组 7只, 分别为市售紫杉醇注射液 (Taxol®)、 实施例 1的 组合物自乳化后的紫杉醇微乳注射液、 对比实施例 3 的组合物自乳化后的紫杉醇微乳注射 液、 阴性对照 (5%葡萄糖溶液), 市售紫杉醇注射液、 紫杉醇微乳注射液的致敏剂量为 2mg/kg, 激发剂量为 5mg/kg。 腹腔注射致敏, 共 3次, 分别为 0、 2、 4天, 末次注射后第 14曰通过豚鼠胫前静脉给药一次激发。
观察指标及结果评价标准: 静脉注射后立刻至 30分钟, 按表表 5症状详细观察每只动 物的反应、 症状的出现及消失时间。 并按表 6判断过敏反应发生程度。 根据过敏反应发生 率和发生程度进行综合判断。 结果见表 7。
表 5 过敏反应症状
Figure imgf000020_0001
表 6. 全身致敏性评价标准
过敏反应症状 过敏反应强度
0 - 过敏反应阴性
】-4症状 + 过敏反应弱阳性
5-10症状 ++ 过敏反应阳性
1卜 19症状 +++ 过敏反应强阳性
20 ++++ 过敏反应极强阳性
表 7 豚鼠致敏性实验结果
No. 阴性 Taxol® 本发明 对比例 3
1 - ++ - +
2 - ++ + ++
3 - * + +
4 - ++ + ++
5 - ++ + ++
6 - ++ + ++
7 - ++ - ++
*于第一次致敏后第 8天死亡 实验例 5 自乳化形成后稳定性研究
取实施例 1、 4、 6、 7、 11、 12以及对比实施例 1-3制备的药物组合物各 5ml, 加入到 5%葡萄糖注射液 50ml中, 室温下放置, 采用显微镜观察法, 在显微镜下直接观察紫杉醇微 乳液中析出的紫杉醇结晶, 通过在不同时间点下观测的结果来判断处方的优劣。
紫杉醇在微乳中的结晶通常呈针状或簇状, 具有明显特征, 在显微镜下易与其他物质 区分。根据该特点建立紫杉醇结晶的显微镜观察标准, 将紫杉醇结晶程度量化为" -、 +/-、 +、 +++++++++"六级, 其中 "+"以上判断为阳性。 为了尽量避免取样差异和漏检, 将观察 区域扩大约 25个视野范围, 对观察到的结晶数量计数, 并根据表 8及附图 3所示标准划分 等级。 结果见表 9。
表 8 显微镜检测判断标准
级另 ij - +/- + ++ +++ ++++ 结晶 未见 在 25个视 在 25个视野中结晶 在单个视 在单个视野 在单个视野 数量 结晶
数量少于 单个视野中结晶数 数量在 3-8 在 8-20个之 量大于 20个 等于 10个 量少于 3个 个之间 间 表 9微乳稳定性的研究
时间 (hr) 5 6 8 10 12 15 18 21 24 30 实施例 1 - - - - - - - +/- +/- +/- 实施例 2 - - - - - - +/- +/ - +/- + 实施例 3 一 - - - - - +/- 十 /- +/- + 实施例 6 - - ― - +/- +/- + + 十 + ++ 实施例 12 ― - +/- +/- +/- + + ++ ++ +++ 实施例 13 - - +/- 十 /- + + + ++ ++ +++ 实施例 16 - +/- +/- + + ++ ++ ++ +++ +++ 实施例 17 - +/- +/- + + ++ 十 + ++ +++ +++ 对比实施例 1 + ++ ++ +++ +++ +++ +++ ++++ ++++ ++++ 对比实施例 2 + ++ ++ +++ +++ +++ +++ ++++ ++++ ++++ 对比实施例 3 +/- + ++ +十 ++ +++ +++ +++ ++++ ++++ 工业应用性
本发明提供了的用以输送紫杉烷药物的自乳化药物组合物主要包含紫杉垸类化合物、 油类成分、 表面活性剂、 乙醇和乳酸, 组成安全, 制备简单, 易于产业化生产, 制剂加入 到水中后即可以自乳化形成乳剂, 并且保持长时间稳定, 可以安全方便地用于临床, 本发 明组合物可以用于卵巢癌、 乳腺癌、 非小细胞癌、 头癌或颈癌等癌症的治疗。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1 · 一种紫杉烷类药物的自乳化药物组合物, 包含有效量的紫杉垸类化合物、油类成分、表 面活性剂和乙醇,其中所述表面活性剂为磷脂和聚氧乙烯蓖麻油,并且紫杉烷类化合物、 油类成分、 磷脂与聚氧乙烯蓖麻油的重量比为 1 :3-10:30-80:20-50。
2. 根据权利要求 1的药物组合物, 其中组合物中紫杉烷类化合物、油类成分、磷脂与聚氧 乙烯蓖麻油的重量比为 1 :3-8:30-50:20-40。
3. 根据权利要求 2的药物组合物, 其中组合物中紫杉垸类化合物、油类成分、磷脂与聚氧 乙烯蓖麻油的重量比为 1 :4-6:35-45:25-30。
4. 根据权利要求 1-3中任一项的药物组合物,其中的紫杉烷类化合物是紫杉醇或多西紫杉 醇。
5. 根据权利要求 4的药物组合物, 其中的紫杉垸类化合物是紫杉醇。
6. 根据以上任一项权利要求的药物组合物, 组合物中还进一步含有乳酸。
7. 根据以上任一项权利要求的药物组合物, 所述油类成分为植物油、 中链三酸甘油酯类、 动物油或其混合物。
8. 根据权利要求 7的药物组合物, 其中的植物油为大豆油、 杏仁油、 琉璃苣油、 黑醋栗种 子油、 蓖麻油、 玉米油、 红花油、 芝麻油、 棉籽油、 花生油、 橄榄油、 油菜籽油、 可可 油、 棕榈油、 芥花籽油、 亚麻子油、 茶油、 红花油、 棉子油、 月见草油或其混合物。
9. 根据权利要求 8的药物组合物, 其中的植物油为大豆油。
10. 根据以上任一项权利要求的药物组合物, 其中的磷脂为大豆卵磷脂、 蛋卵磷脂、 氢化大 豆卵磷脂、 氢化蛋卵磷脂、 神经鞘氨醇、 神经节苷脂和植物鞘氨醇。
1 1. 根据权利要求 10的药物组合物, 其中的磷脂为蛋卵磷脂。
12.根据以上任一项权利要求的药物组合物, 包含以下成分, 其中各成分以重量百分比计: 紫杉类化合物 0.1〜1%
大豆油 0.2〜10%
卵磷脂 10〜55%
聚氧乙烯蓖麻油 5〜55%
乳酸 0.01〜0.3%
乙醇 30〜70% 。
13. 根据权利要求 12物组合物, 包含以下成分, 其中各成分以重量百分比计:
紫杉类化合物 0.1〜1%
大豆油 1〜10%
卵磷脂 15〜40%
聚氧乙烯蓖麻油 10〜30% 乳酸 0.02〜0.2%
乙醇 40〜70 % 。
14. 根据权利要求 13的药物组合物, 包含以下成分, 其中各成分以重量百分比计:
紫杉类化合物 0.1〜1%
大豆油 2〜3%
卵磷脂 18〜25%
聚氧乙烯蓖麻油 10〜20%
乳酸 0.05〜0.2%
乙醇 50〜70% 。
15. 根据权利要求 14的药物组合物, 由以下成分制备而成:
紫杉醇 30g
注射用大豆油 147.5g
卵磷脂 (Lipod E80) 1250g
乳酸 5ml
聚氧乙烯蓖麻油 800g
无水乙醇 加至 6000ml
16. 一种紫杉垸类化合物的微乳, 包含有效量的紫杉烷类化合物、 油类成分、 表面活性剂、 乙醇和葡萄糖水溶液, 其中所述的表面活性剂为磷脂和聚氧乙烯蓖麻油, 并且紫杉垸类 化合物、 油类成分、 磷脂与聚氧乙烯蓖麻油的重量比为 1 :3-10:30-80:20-50。
17. 根据权利要求 16的微乳, 乳剂中还进一步包括乳酸。
18. 根据权利要求 16或 17的微乳, 该乳剂是将权利要求 1-15的自乳化药物组合物加入到 葡萄糖水溶液中自乳化形成的。
19. 根据权利要求 18的微乳,其中乳剂可以在室温条件下不析出沉淀, 保持稳定 12小时以 上。
20. 权利要求 1-16中自乳化组合物的制备方法, 包括以下步骤: 将各成分混合, 搅拌均匀 后, 过滤, 分装。
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