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WO2011109885A1 - Enceinte isolée préfabriquée de stockage d'énergie thermique - Google Patents

Enceinte isolée préfabriquée de stockage d'énergie thermique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011109885A1
WO2011109885A1 PCT/CA2010/000327 CA2010000327W WO2011109885A1 WO 2011109885 A1 WO2011109885 A1 WO 2011109885A1 CA 2010000327 W CA2010000327 W CA 2010000327W WO 2011109885 A1 WO2011109885 A1 WO 2011109885A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
enclosure
aforementioned
thermal energy
ptesm
structural
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CA2010/000327
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English (en)
Inventor
Daniel Callaghan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to CA2789343A priority Critical patent/CA2789343C/fr
Priority to PCT/CA2010/000327 priority patent/WO2011109885A1/fr
Priority to US13/579,511 priority patent/US20130025817A1/en
Publication of WO2011109885A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011109885A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/0056—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using solid heat storage material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/80—Solar heat collectors using working fluids comprising porous material or permeable masses directly contacting the working fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
    • F24S60/10—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors using latent heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F28D20/021—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material and the heat-exchanging means being enclosed in one container
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2270/00—Thermal insulation; Thermal decoupling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates generally to enclosures for the storage of thermal energy, and more specifically to such enclosures utilizing solid phase storage medium or media as opposed to a liquid phase storage medium.
  • Said enclosures are constructed of prefabricated insulated sandwich panel assemblies forming the walls, floor and roof sections, suitable for manufacture as pre-assembled units and/or in kit form, with varying options in terms of ancillary components, such as internal heat transfer coils as described herein.
  • ancillary components such as internal heat transfer coils as described herein.
  • the benefits of such systems are in a reduction in the consumption of traditional non-renewable energy resources such as fossil fuels, in direct energy cost savings, or as an aid in enabling the deferral of construction of new capital-intensive electric generating facilities through the increased use of off-peak generation, an advantage that also benefits the consumer in the form of lower power rates.
  • PCMs phase change materials
  • PCMs do have one advantage over the particulate solid materials proposed herein, but they also typically have some disadvantages, including relatively high costs and the potentially problematic trait of experiencing relatively significant magnitudes of expansion and contraction in passing through the phase change temperature, a trait that must be physically accommodated in the apparatuses of the energy storage method employed.
  • inventive containers of the aforementioned patents that hold the PCMs also collect the solar energy directly, and are not particularly well-suited to the utilization of high efficiency conventional solar collectors, or off-peak electrical generation as sources for said energy, as proposed in the current invention.
  • Thermal storage capacity limitations of water tanks as discussed above can impose restrictions on the capabilities of potential installations, such as in restricting residential and institutional solar heating systems to the supply of domestic hot water (DHW) alone, rather than being supportive to the design of said systems to also provide supplemental thermal energy for space heating.
  • DHW domestic hot water
  • the enclosure should be of a design that can be varied in size to cover a range of thermal energy storage capacities and applications.
  • the enclosure should be adaptable to either interior or exterior installations, with the latter being in a form suitable for mounting of solar collectors on the roof of said enclosure if advantageous in a solar-based system, and also one that satisfies the aesthetic requirements of the installation.
  • This latter consideration namely aesthetics, can be significant in establishing an embodiment of the thermal energy storage enclosure as the preferred alternative in an outside setting to other energy-saving and/or cost-saving options that may be available, but that may not offer as great an economic advantage through reduced energy costs.
  • the present invention is a prefabricated insulated enclosure for the storage of thermal energy in solid phase particulate storage medium or media (PTESM) at temperatures up to 125 deg C and possibly higher, that provides a practical alternative to a single or multiple water storage tank(s) typically used for this application, such as in solar- heated DHW and space heating installations, and also as an alternative to other methods and enclosures that utilize a solid phase storage medium, but that lack the innovations and advantages featured in the current invention.
  • PTESM solid phase particulate storage medium or media
  • the PTESM used to fill the enclosure can be sand, gravel, or other powder or granulated material, or, as described later in this section, a combination of particulate media grades, with the different grades separated by a cylindrical metallic structural partition, thereby benefiting the heat transfer processes involved due to specific properties characteristic of each grade as discussed herinafter.
  • PCMs as a portion of the PTESM used, thereby benefiting from latent heat capacity of the PCMs in addition to the sensible heat capacity of the PTESM.
  • the inventive enclosure is adaptable to both interior installations, and exterior installations with appropriate weather protection elements added to the enclosure as further described hereinafter.
  • the inventive enclosure is constructed of a set of panel-type envelope components forming the two side walls, two end walls, roof and floor.
  • Said envelope panel components are designed as prefabricated composite "sandwich” type assemblies with rigid facing panels and a core of sheet or board-type insulation, or alternately, a foamed- in-place type of insulation.
  • these components are bonded to each other to act compositely in providing flexural and shear strength in resisting the lateral loading imposed on the walls by the PTESM, as well as gravity loading, both due to the weight of the PTESM and other interior components as further described hereinafter, and also of external environmental loading in the instances of exterior installations of the inventive enclosure. Said external environmental loadings are discussed further hereinafter.
  • This design concept for said embodiment of the sandwich panel is similar to that employed in structural insulated panels, commonly known as SIPs, as used in the exterior envelope construction of some buildings.
  • the aforementioned sandwich panel envelope components have the thermal insulative resistance required to restrict heat loss from the PTESM to acceptable values, as determined though economic analyses that generally consider the following; cost savings though reduced purchase requirements of conventional energy, enclosure and system construction and installation costs, and calculated rates of thermal energy loss though enclosure envelope components.
  • Maximum anticipated exposure temperature from contact with the heated PTESM impacts on the aforementioned materials used for said sandwich panel construction, namely, the interior facing panels, combination structural and insulative core, and bonding adhesive(s).
  • the panels for the inventive enclosure combine the structural characteristics of the aforementioned SIP panels along with a high temperature resistance necessitated by the relatively high temperature potentially attainable in the storage medium, the said panels for the inventive enclosure shall hereinafter be referred to as HTSIP ("high temperature structural insulated panel”) as an abbreviated form of identification.
  • HTSIP high temperature structural insulated panel
  • the flexural and shear strength requirements of the wall sections of the insulative enclosure are provided by external structural framing against which the sandwich wall panels are braced.
  • the floor panel can be provided with additional structural support in the form of a prefabricated but conventional floor framing assembly, or alternately, a base slab, typically of concrete construction.
  • HTSANIP high temperature sandwich insulated panel
  • the insulative core of said sandwich panels are constructed of multiple bonded layers of different insulative materials such that adequate structural and thermal performance is provided by the core in achieving the required structural performance of said sandwich panels. Less costly materials can then be used where maximum temperature resistance requirements through the thickness of said insulative core are reduced as a result of the temperature gradient that naturally occurs through the sandwich panel assemblies with increasing distance from the aforementioned and heated PTESM.
  • additional sandwich panel layered components comprising a high temperature insulative layer and high temperature protective liner panel in contact with the PTESM, are bonded to the prefabricated insulated sandwich panel assemblies of the walls, floor and roof of the enclosure, thereby providing added protection against deterioration in the structural and/or thermal performance of the sandwich panel assemblies as a result of the aforementioned temperature gradient, and thus avoiding similar deterioration in the structural and/or thermal performance of the enclosure as a whole assembly.
  • the enclosure is provided with two separate prefabricated internal heat transfer systems, with the "input” system consisting of one or more heat transfer coils to transfer the thermal energy from the energy source to the PTESM in the inventive enclosure, and the "output” system consisting of one or more heat transfer coils to transfer said stored energy to the end use application, or in some cases to one or more intermediate energy transfer devices, such as an inside water tank with relatively small thermal storage capacity in comparison to the inventive enclosure.
  • Said "input" heat transfer systems can be one of a range of alternative designs, namely in the form of piping for containment of liquid as the heat transfer medium, ducting for containment of hot air as the heat transfer medium, or electric resistance wiring.
  • Said "output" heat transfer systems are generally in the form of piping for containment of liquid as the heat transfer medium.
  • the heat transfer system type is in the form of piping
  • external fins attached to said piping may be provided to improve the efficiency of energy transfer to or from the PTESM.
  • Configuration and construction of these heat transfer system elements are designed to facilitate the placement of the PTESM with minimal risk of damage to said elements during the process of filling the inventive enclosure with said medium (media), and also to preferentially transfer heat from storage areas of higher temperature of said medium (media) within the inventive enclosure rather than from storage areas of lower temperature of said medium (media).
  • the aforementioned prefabricated structural sandwich panel assemblies are provided with insulative sleeves (16) at the locations where the aforementioned piping, wiring, and ducting of the associated aforementioned thermal energy transfer device(s) penetrate said sandwich panels, thus providing protection to portions of the insulative core that may otherwise be damaged if exposed to direct contact with the heated inlets and outlets of the heat transfer devices.
  • the enclosure is provided with one or more heretofore identified cylindrical metallic fabrication(s) extending vertically between the interior faces of the floor and roof sandwich panels of the inventive enclosure to allow separation of different PTESM grades, thereby providing additional benefits as summarized below;
  • a preferred grade of PTESM for placement inside the confines of said cylindrical fabrication(s) is one such that a balance is provided in the cost of the medium and in reducing the potential for damage to the heat transfer coils positioned within said fabrication(s) during the PTESM filling process, or during the removal of the PTESM in the event servicing of said coils is required, while still providing adequate heat transfer capabilities, such as with sand.
  • a preferred grade of PTESM for placement outside the confines of said cylindrical fabrication(s) is one, different from the aforementioned "inside" grade, such that a balance is provided in the cost of the medium and in maximizing both heat transfer efficiency and thermal energy storage capacity, such as with gravel.
  • the enclosure is provided with conduit propitiously positioned within the interior space to accommodate wiring and temperature sensor devices for the purpose of recording process data and providing data to the process control system employed in managing the heat transfer processes involved.
  • the inventive enclosure can be pre-assembled, or made available in kit form, with the previously described HTSIP and/or HTSANIP components prefabricated for ready assembly in a location remote from the area of said fabrication.
  • the other heretofore-described ancillary components can be included in said kit.
  • the inventive enclosure is suitable for use in a variety of environments, including residential, institutional, commercial and industrial, the anticipated highest demand is in residential applications, and more specifically, in active solar heating systems, for either DHW heating or space heating, or both combined.
  • the PTESM in the enclosure is heated by conventional solar collectors, with temperature regulation by a compatible conventional control system as typically used in solar heating systems employing storage tanks for containment of water or other liquids as the means of storing the thermal energy.
  • the PTESM is able to take greater advantage of the higher temperature capabilities of some designs of collectors, such as "vacuum tube-” or “evacuated tube” - type solar collectors, in comparison to what is practical in the storage of water in conventional hot water storage tanks.
  • the enclosure is also able to provide thermal energy in powering the refrigeration cycle by means of thermally-driven coolers in space cooling systems.
  • ancillary components can be varied and thus accordingly impact thermal energy storage capacity and efficiency. These parameters include overall enclosure size and thermal insulative resistance of the HTSIP envelope, thermal characteristics of the PTESM, and design specifications of the internal heat transfer coils.
  • a common reference ambient temperature of 35 °C was assumed as the minimum useful temperature for heating purposes. Based on the foregoing parameters and including an allowance for reduced thermal storage capacity due to the space occupied within the inventive enclosure by heat transfer coils and other peripherals, the theoretical thermal energy storage capacities were determined to be 866 MJ (240 kw-hr) and 170 MJ (47 kw- hr) for the inventive enclosure and water storage tank respectively relative to the base thermal energy content at the assumed common ambient temperature in the two sample systems as described. Obviously the difference in thermal energy storage capacities would be even greater for a smaller water storage tank more typical for this application, particularly in a residential system.
  • the size of the inventive enclosure and associated volume of PTESM can be varied over a wide range with minimal increased risk resulting from the increased thermal storage capacities, in contrast to the situation with water storage based systems, as discussed heretofore, and further hereinafter.
  • the enclosure is adaptable to either an interior or exterior site installation. In an exterior installation, the basic inventive enclosure structure is typically protected from weather elements by means of conventional roof and wall sheathing and other conventional cover materials.
  • the said enclosure In the case of the enclosure being constructed of HTSIP elements, as heretofore defined, the said enclosure also forms the base structural element in resisting the additional imposed design loadings of an environmental nature. Aesthetic requirements can be met in those instances through the selection of appropriate cover materials and trim elements, including facade-style window and door elements, and by tailoring the shape of the visible "building" as desired, thereby providing an appearance that is complementary to the site and adjoining buildings.
  • An additional benefit of an exterior setting for a solar energy installation utilizing the inventive enclosure as noted above is that of the roof providing a convenient and preferential location for solar collector mounting that is more-readily accessible than is often typically the case, in turn allowing for improved access for inspection and maintenance of said collectors, along with the possibility of adjusting the orientation of said roof to maximize the solar radiation collection efficiency of said collectors.
  • the invention provides several advantages over existing hot water storage systems in many potential applications
  • thermal energy storage capacity can be more easily varied over a larger range thereby increasing the potential for greater storage for periods of darkness and low solar radiation, thereby yielding increased savings through greater reductions in conventional energy costs.
  • the maximum temperature of the storage medium can typically be increased in comparison to water-based storage, although it is recognized that this advantage is offset to some degree by the lower specific heat capacity of many potential common medium materials, such as sand, in comparison to water.
  • the inventive enclosure incorporates other features that increase the practicality of the form of thermal energy storage it affords to many potential users of said energy as follows: -
  • the invention can be readily retrofitted to existing houses.
  • the enclosure can be installed in either an interior or exterior setting.
  • site selection options it can be located inside an existing or proposed building that is outside the main residence, such as a detached garage structure, with the connective piping to the end use structure typically insulated and routed through burial in a trench or in some other effective manner.
  • the enclosure can accommodate a range of PTESM materials. Sand and gravel are considered the most economical relative to initial cost, however other materials may prove to be more cost effective taking into consideration thermal capacity and alternative energy costs. As previously noted one alternative to further increase storage capacity for a given enclosure is in the use of PCMs as a replacement fraction of the PTESM mass.
  • the prefabricated nature of the construction including the integral and appropriately-configured heat transfer system assemblies, utilizing materials specifically selected to meet necessary thermal, structural, and aesthetic requirements, along with the other advantages afforded by the inventive enclosure, as heretofore outlined, in satisfying the energy demands of the heating and/or cooling system(s) of the end use application are considered key elements in the novelty of the invention.
  • the enclosure system thus has considerably greater practicality, including economic viability, for construction by the typical end-user, either with assistance from a contractor, or as a "do it yourself project, than the alternative of attempting to construct a system utilizing similar concepts but without the benefit of the engineering design or prefabrication of required components
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view taken at a vertical plane through the basic embodiment of the invention with a single grade of core insulation (2) and depicting heretofore described "input” heat transfer coil (14) and "output” heat transfer coil (15) in schematic form along with the insulative sleeves (16) of the penetrations of the supply and return piping (14a, 15a) for said heat transfer coils where penetrating the HTSIP or HTSANIP of the enclosure wall
  • Figure 2 is a sectional view taken at a horizontal plane through another embodiment of the current invention with a dual grade of core insulation (2, 5) in the heretofore described HHTSIP, and depicting heretofore described "input" and
  • Figure 3 is a sectional view through the same embodiment of the current invention as in Figure 2 above but with the view taken at a vertical plane through the invention.
  • Figure 4 is a sectional view through an abutting corner of vertical and horizontal HHTSIP panels illustrating the dual grade nature of core insulations (2, 5), and the thermal break detail (l ib) heretofore described at said corner.
  • Figure 5 is a sectional view at the junction of connecting side edges of abutting HHTSIP panels illustrating the thermal break detail (11a) heretofore described at said junction, and also depicting the embodiment of said panel where two grades of insulation (2a, 2b) are bonded to form a structural core such that adequate structural and thermal performance is provided by the core in achieving the required structural performance of said sandwich panels as a whole, but permitting less costly insulative material to be used where maximum temperature resistance requirements through the thickness of said insulative core are reduced as heretofore described.
  • Figure 6 is a sectional view taken at a vertical plane through an embodiment of the current invention as in Figure 3 above but depicting the installation in an exterior location with weatherproofing additions to the inventive enclosure, and in this embodiment depicting separate external structural floor support (26) as heretofore described as a possible preferred or required element.
  • Figure 7 is an elevation view depicting the installation of the inventive enclosure in an exterior location as in Figure 6 but with the inventive enclosure hidden by standard "outbuilding" type features such as wall siding (23), roof structure and facade style window (24) and door (25) elements, in satisfying additional aesthetic preferences, in addition to contributing to the weather resistant functionality of said building.
  • the basic embodiment of the previously-defined HTSIP assembly as illustrated in Figure 1 consists of a minimum of three layers, namely an outside facing panel (1), a middle insulative core (2), and an interior liner panel (3).
  • the layers are bonded together with adhesive (4) with the strength required to allow the layered assembly to act compositely in resisting the imposed structural loadings as heretofore described.
  • the insulative core is self-bonding to the facing panels, as in the case of a foamed-in-place polyurethane grade insulation, and said adhesive is thereby not required. It is critical that the composite assembly maintains adequate strength at the maximum exposure temperatures anticipated at each interface and depth throughout the thickness of the assembly.
  • the most severe (ie highest) exposure temperature occurs at the interface of the PTESM and the interior liner panel (3), and decreases through the thickness of the various layers in the HTSIPs of the inventive enclosure to a minimum at the exterior surface of the outside facing (1).
  • the interior facing (3) can be a rigid panel such as fiber-reinforced cement board, or other panel product with adequate strength properties at the higher temperatures anticipated from exposure to the heated PTESM.
  • the insulating core (2) can be one of a variety of products that provides the desired combination of mechanical and insulative properties at the maximum design operating temperature, such as polyisocyanurate foam and cellular glass rigid insulations.
  • the exterior facing (1) can be a rigid panel such as plywood, or other engineered wood product, fiber-reinforced cement board, or other similar product with adequate mechanical properties. This embodiment of the HTSIP shall hereinafter be identified as the basic HTSIP.
  • the basic HTSIP assembly described above (1, 2, 3, 4) is provided with additional protection against said temperature consisting of an additional layer of high-temperature-resistant insulation (5), such as cellular glass or mineral fiber type and a separate high temperature liner panel (6) in direct contact with the PTESM (19).
  • additional layers are bonded together with suitable high temperature adhesive (7), and to the internal facing panel of said basic HTSIP with heretofore described adhesive (4).
  • the rigid structural panel thereby positioned in the interior of the sandwich panel assembly (3), and provided with the additional thermal protection heretofore described can in some cases be a wood-based product such as plywood or OSB whereby required strength properties are maintained at the maximum anticipated operating temperature at that location in the assembly.
  • a polystyrene or other grade of insulation with lower maximum operating temperature capability but also less costly grade can be used as the structural core element (2), or as the outer layer (2b) in a bonded multi-layer structural core in the heretofore described HTSIP assembly and contributing to the strength requirements of said panel.
  • This bonded multi-layer structural core (2a, 2b) is illustrated in the embodiment depicted in Figure 5.
  • This structural sandwich panel assembly with even higher temperature resistance then becomes another embodiment of the HTSIP assembly, and is hereinafter identified as HHTSIP (Higher High Temperature SIP).
  • the panels are connected along their edges using structural angle sections (8) predrilled at pre-determined spacings and fastened to adj oining panels along their edges with conventional screw type fasteners (9) of the design size and strength required to resist the loading imposed by the PTESM.
  • a wood spacer (10) is installed along the edges of the panel assembly to further stabilize this connection when required
  • edge of the foam core is shaped (11) to minimize thermal bridging though the thickness of the panel assemblies in this connecting corner region of abutting panels of the inventive enclosure.
  • a strip of high temperature blanket-type insulation (12) in the range of 3 mm thick is inserted in said corner region during the assembly process of the inventive enclosure.
  • a thermal break is also incorporated in the HHTSIP assembly (1 lb) as illustrated in Figure 4 in the layer of high-temperature insulation (5) as a means of reducing the maximum temperature exposure to the basic HTSIP assembly component of the HHTSIP assembly heretofore described.
  • the outer panel facing (lb) of the horizontal roof HTSIP or HHTSIP is extended beyond the outermost contact edge of the outer vertical panel facing of the side wall (1), with said extension (lc) being in the range of 10 mm.
  • a horizontal spacer strip (13) typically of wood or plastic material, is installed against the top and bottom edges of the vertical HTSIPs and secured by the aforementioned structural angle sections (8) and attendant securing fasteners (9) to maintain the necessary relative positioning of the roof and floor panels with the vertical wall panels of the inventive enclosure.
  • a strip of high temperature blanket type insulation (12a) in the range of 3 mm thick is also inserted in the joint of said connecting side edges as added insurance against thermal bridging.
  • the flexural and shear strength requirements of the HTSANIP wall sections of the inventive enclosure are provided by external structural framing (13a) against which the sandwich wall panels are braced, as illustrated in Figure 3.
  • Said framing can be conventional construction, as in the use of lumber components, with the loading from the inventive enclosure transferred from said sandwich wall panels by some standard structural element as a filler panel (13b) possessing sufficient compressive rigidity.
  • FIG. 14, 15 are selectively positioned and spaced to optimize heat transfer into and from the PTESM.
  • said heat transfer coils are shown schematically as coiled piping, however the input heat transfer coil(s) (14) can alternately be ductwork or electric resistance wiring as heretofore noted.
  • Said heat transfer coil piping, ductwork or electric resistance wiring penetrate the inventive enclosure walls in heretofore described insulative sleeves (16) terminating at ends (14a) for input heat transfer coil(s) and ends (15a) for output heat transfer coil(s), with said terminations suitable for connection to the process system services external to the inventive enclosure.
  • Said insulative sleeves (16) serve to minimize heat loss from the inventive enclosure, and as with the HTSIP or HHTSIP assembly previously described, thereby maintain adequate performance at the maximum design exposure temperature anticipated.
  • one or more metallic cylindrical fabrication(s) (17) is provided to allow the use of two separate grades of PTESM, typically a finer grade, such as sand (18), within the boundary of said fabrication(s), and a coarser grade, such as gravel (19), outside the boundary of said fabrication(s).
  • a finer grade such as sand (18
  • a coarser grade such as gravel (19)
  • one or more roof HTSIP or HHTSIP assembly(ies) is designed to be removable to facilitate access to the aforementioned heat transfer coils for servicing without the dismantling of the entire inventive enclosure thereby minimizing the amount of PTESM to be removed.
  • the adjacent roof and wall HTSIPs or HHTSIPs that remain in position adjacent to the temporarily removed panel(s), and reinforced as required provide the necessary stiffness and strength in maintaining the overall dimensions and structural integrity of the enclosure under the applied loadings that remain during said servicing procedure.
  • conduits (20) are positioned within the enclosure to accommodate wiring and enable the secure embedment of temperature sensor devices within the PTESM (18, 19) and within the insulative layers of the envelope of the inventive enclosure itself (2, 5) if desired, for the purpose of recording operating data and providing data to the process control system that manages the heat transfer processes involved.
  • Fittings (21) are installed in said conduit at the embedment locations for said sensors, as shown in Figures 3 and 6.
  • Said conduits penetrate the walls of the inventive enclosure in insulative sleeves similar to those heretofore described for heat transfer device enclosure wall penetrations (16), with end terminations (20a) compatible with exterior data collection and control system wiring.
  • a weather resistant envelope consisting of a roof structure (22), siding and associated strapping (23), and with windows (24) and doors (25) of a facade nature, all contributing to the presentation of desired appearance in the form of a site-compatible "outbuilding" as illustrated in Figures 6 and 7.
  • a separate extemal structural floor support frame (26) as heretofore described is depicted in place under the HHTSANIP floor panel assembly.
  • exposed roof space thus provided can serve as a preferred area for mounting of solar collectors (27).
  • the roof structure in such construction can be made asymmetrical as shown schematically in said figures to preferentially increase space available to said collectors in a solar heating system.
  • the inventive enclosure is designed as the structural core of the structure in withstanding the additional environmental loadings imposed in an exterior setting, as a means of eliminating the need for additional structural elements and their associated costs, thus contributing to the economic viability of the inventive enclosure- based energy storage system.
  • other embodiments of the current invention achieving similar functionality of the energy storage process are achievable using HTSANIP panels in which exterior structural framing is employed to resist the interior loading imposed by the PTESM and also exterior loading on the structure from environmental effects.
  • Construction of the inventive HTSIP and HTSANIP enclosure panels as heretofore described is accomplished using methods essentially as employed in the construction of sandwich panels, including structural insulated panels, such as are typically used in the envelope construction of some buildings. These methods include assembly of the sandwich panel layers, including the insulative core sheet(s) and facings, and typically either using adhesives and possibly heat in joining said components under pressure, or in the utilization of a self-bonding grade of insulation, as in the case of a foamed-in-place urethane grade.
  • the general methods employed in this process are thus well practiced and understood, except that the various component materials must be specifically selected for anticipated maximum design temperatures and loadings, and other details such as connections and penetrations require consideration of the end use application for the current invention.
  • inventive enclosure with attendant ancillary components can be pre-assembled to various stages of completion, or the various components prefabricated in a centralized manufacturing facility suitable for final assembly in the field.
  • the inventive enclosure and associated ancillary components have many potential applications where thermal energy is required, whether that be in residential, commercial, institutional or industrial applications. It is anticipated however that the most widely targeted application will be for space heating systems and DH W heating systems in single- and multi-residential, institutional and light commercial situations and also for heating the water of swimming pools and similar facilities.
  • the energy source most widely anticipated to be utilized with the inventive enclosure applications is solar, although said enclosure is also suitable for use in storage of thermal energy from an electrical source, generally in off-peak generation / time-of-use applications.
  • the thermal energy retained in the enclosure can also be used in powering the refrigeration cycle by means of thermally-driven coolers in space cooling systems.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur une enceinte isolée thermiquement, fabriquée sous forme pré-assemblée ou en kit, et construite à partir de panneaux sandwiches isolés préfabriqués ou à partir de panneaux sandwiches isolés structuraux dans certains modes de réalisation, prévue pour des températures de fonctionnement relativement élevées et conçue pour le stockage d'énergie thermique dans un ou des milieux de stockage particulaires en phase solide jusqu'à 125°C et éventuellement au-delà. Ledit ou lesdits milieux de stockage d'énergie seront typiquement du sable, du gravier ou un autre matériau pulvérulent ou granulaire, ou une combinaison de ceux-ci, et, de manière facultative, une certaine proportion de matériau à changement de phase. Ladite enceinte isolée est conçue pour contenir une diversité de conceptions de dispositifs de transfert de chaleur pour le stockage d'énergie solaire et d'énergie électrique générée en période hors pointe. Les applications principales pour l'invention sont prévues pour être dans le domaine du chauffage de l'eau chaude domestique, le chauffage individuel et la production de chaleur industrielle, en outre cependant, l'énergie thermique retenue dans l'enceinte peut également être utilisée pour l'alimentation du cycle de réfrigération dans certains systèmes de climatisation des locaux d'habitation.
PCT/CA2010/000327 2010-03-12 2010-03-12 Enceinte isolée préfabriquée de stockage d'énergie thermique Ceased WO2011109885A1 (fr)

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CA2789343A CA2789343C (fr) 2010-03-12 2010-03-12 Enceinte isolee prefabriquee de stockage d'energie thermique
PCT/CA2010/000327 WO2011109885A1 (fr) 2010-03-12 2010-03-12 Enceinte isolée préfabriquée de stockage d'énergie thermique
US13/579,511 US20130025817A1 (en) 2010-03-12 2010-03-12 Prefabricated insulated thermal energy storage enclosure

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PCT/CA2010/000327 WO2011109885A1 (fr) 2010-03-12 2010-03-12 Enceinte isolée préfabriquée de stockage d'énergie thermique

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CN105444601A (zh) * 2015-12-24 2016-03-30 北京工业大学 带级联式相变蓄热结构的单罐蓄、放热装置及其使用方法
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WO2017055409A1 (fr) * 2015-09-30 2017-04-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Système d'échange de chaleur à chambre d'échange de chaleur à couche d'isolation thermique, procédé de fabrication d'un système d'échange de chaleur et procédé d'échange de chaleur en utilisant le système d'échange de chaleur
DE102011014641B4 (de) * 2010-03-26 2017-10-26 Jürgen Falkenstein In einen Wärmespeicher integrierte Wärmetauscher-Vorrichtung
AT520644A4 (de) * 2018-07-24 2019-06-15 Ing Dr Techn Josef Masswohl Dipl Wärmespeicher mit Rohrwärmetauscher in wärmeleitendem Granulat
CN112105883A (zh) * 2018-01-29 2020-12-18 法雷奥自动系统公司 具有包括内部框架和外部框架的壳体的热交换模块
EP3988886A1 (fr) * 2020-10-21 2022-04-27 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy GmbH & Co. KG Installation de cellules de charge pour la mesure de forces dans des stockages d'énergie thermique

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CN111121293B (zh) * 2020-02-21 2021-09-28 中国人民解放军陆军勤务学院 相变蓄热的节水自恒温热水供应装置
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CN114636338A (zh) * 2022-02-28 2022-06-17 东南大学 强化换热的可承压蓄冷蓄热器及方法
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DE102011014641B4 (de) * 2010-03-26 2017-10-26 Jürgen Falkenstein In einen Wärmespeicher integrierte Wärmetauscher-Vorrichtung
WO2013037045A1 (fr) * 2011-09-16 2013-03-21 Shec Energy Corporation Système de stockage d'énergie thermique comprenant un liquide d'entrée conservé à une température supérieure à 650°c
WO2013110804A3 (fr) * 2012-01-28 2013-10-24 Georg-Simon-Ohm-Hochschule Für Angewandte Wissenschaften Procédé de conversion de courant en chaleur et de stockage de ladite chaleur
WO2014031605A1 (fr) * 2012-08-20 2014-02-27 Phase Change Energy Solutions, Inc. Systèmes de stockage d'énergie thermique
US10012451B2 (en) 2012-08-20 2018-07-03 Phase Change Energy Solutions, Inc. Thermal energy storage systems including a shipping container, a heat exchange apparatus, and a phase change material
EP2976579A4 (fr) * 2013-03-20 2016-11-23 Brenmiller Energy Ltd Stockage thermique, échange de chaleur et génération de vapeur intégrés
US10145365B2 (en) 2013-03-20 2018-12-04 Brenmiller Energy Ltd. Integrated thermal storage, heat exchange, and steam generation
CN103528414A (zh) * 2013-10-24 2014-01-22 镇江新梦溪能源科技有限公司 一种太阳能储热器
US10837716B2 (en) 2015-09-30 2020-11-17 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S Heat exchange system with a heat exchange chamber in with a thermal insulation layer, method for manufacturing the heat exchange system and method for exchanging heat by using the heat exchange system
WO2017055409A1 (fr) * 2015-09-30 2017-04-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Système d'échange de chaleur à chambre d'échange de chaleur à couche d'isolation thermique, procédé de fabrication d'un système d'échange de chaleur et procédé d'échange de chaleur en utilisant le système d'échange de chaleur
CN108139168A (zh) * 2015-09-30 2018-06-08 西门子股份公司 具有带有热绝缘层的热交换腔室的热交换系统、用于制造热交换系统的方法和通过使用热交换系统用于交换热的方法
CN108139168B (zh) * 2015-09-30 2022-04-29 西门子歌美飒可再生能源公司 具有带有热绝缘层的热交换腔室的热交换系统、用于制造热交换系统的方法和通过使用热交换系统用于交换热的方法
CN105444601A (zh) * 2015-12-24 2016-03-30 北京工业大学 带级联式相变蓄热结构的单罐蓄、放热装置及其使用方法
CN112105883A (zh) * 2018-01-29 2020-12-18 法雷奥自动系统公司 具有包括内部框架和外部框架的壳体的热交换模块
US11747096B2 (en) 2018-01-29 2023-09-05 Valeo Autosystemy Sp. Z O.O. Heat exchanging module having a housing comprising an inner frame and an outer frame
AT520644B1 (de) * 2018-07-24 2019-06-15 Ing Dr Techn Josef Masswohl Dipl Wärmespeicher mit Rohrwärmetauscher in wärmeleitendem Granulat
AT520644A4 (de) * 2018-07-24 2019-06-15 Ing Dr Techn Josef Masswohl Dipl Wärmespeicher mit Rohrwärmetauscher in wärmeleitendem Granulat
EP3988886A1 (fr) * 2020-10-21 2022-04-27 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy GmbH & Co. KG Installation de cellules de charge pour la mesure de forces dans des stockages d'énergie thermique
WO2022084084A1 (fr) * 2020-10-21 2022-04-28 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy Gmbh & Co. Kg Installation de cellules de charge pour mesurer des forces dans des dispositifs de stockage d'énergie thermique

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