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WO2011106803A1 - Amorceur de détonateur - Google Patents

Amorceur de détonateur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011106803A1
WO2011106803A1 PCT/ZA2011/000008 ZA2011000008W WO2011106803A1 WO 2011106803 A1 WO2011106803 A1 WO 2011106803A1 ZA 2011000008 W ZA2011000008 W ZA 2011000008W WO 2011106803 A1 WO2011106803 A1 WO 2011106803A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tinder
thermite
shell
detonator
open
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/ZA2011/000008
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Kolela Ilunga
Elmar Muller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
African Explosives Ltd
Original Assignee
African Explosives Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=43937562&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=WO2011106803(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by African Explosives Ltd filed Critical African Explosives Ltd
Priority to AU2011220386A priority Critical patent/AU2011220386A1/en
Priority to AP2012006417A priority patent/AP3479A/xx
Priority to BR112012020907A priority patent/BR112012020907A2/pt
Publication of WO2011106803A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011106803A1/fr
Priority to ZA2012/05851A priority patent/ZA201205851B/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
    • C06C7/00—Non-electric detonators; Blasting caps; Primers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
    • C06B33/12—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide the material being two or more oxygen-yielding compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
    • C06C9/00—Chemical contact igniters; Chemical lighters

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a detonator and to an initiating system for a detonator.
  • detonators can use thermite-based compositions as initiators that will preclude the use of primary explosives.
  • a thermal shock generated by a suitable thermite charge can under certain circumstances (e.g. narrow particle size distribution, confinement and specific tamped pressures) initiate an explosive such as pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) from deflagration to detonation in a very short period of time.
  • PETN pentaerythritol tetranitrate
  • a difficulty with a thermite-based initiator is that ignition thereof requires a high temperature, for example about 940°C for an AI-CuO thermite comprising coarse particles.
  • Known techniques to ignite thermite compositions include the use of a propane torch, magnesium metal strips, and a reaction between KMnO 4 and glycerine. These approaches are however unreliable and are not suited for use in a commercial detonator. Ignitors such as exploding bridge wires and laser techniques are effective but are expensive to implement. [0005] It has been proposed to add a tinder mixture to the thermite to address the problems of the high temperature, and of the relatively long delay to ignition time periods. Barium nitrate and sulphur have been used as tinder for pyrotechnic compositions because of their excellent sensitivity to heat.
  • barium nitrate to a thermite composition increases the thermal effect, creates flame in burning and reduces the ignition temperature.
  • a drawback, however, is that a barium compound also has a high toxicity that is exacerbated when inhalation occurs.
  • Sulphur also acts as a tinder to facilitate ignition of a pyrotechnic but the presence of the low-melting volatile sulphur fuel tends to retard the burning rate because the melting and vaporization steps of the endotherms absorb heat that would otherwise be available to raise the temperature of the unreacted mixture.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a detonator initiator in which the ignition temperature is significantly reduced.
  • the invention provides a detonator which includes an explosive and an initiator for igniting the explosive, wherein the initiator includes a thermite composition and a tinder mixture which includes silicon and dibismuth trioxide.
  • the thermite composition is preferably AI-CuO, in a stoichiometric ratio.
  • thermite is formed primarily from micron-sized particles.
  • the aluminium may be provided in powder form with the particles being smaller than 25 pm (800 mesh).
  • the CuO is preferably micron-sized particles, typically less than 25 pm.
  • the Bi 2 0 3 and the Si may also be micron-sized particles at less than 34 ⁇ and 64 ⁇ , respectively.
  • thermite composition may be present in a weight percentage range of from 70% to 90% and the tinder may be present in a weight percentage range of from 10% to 30%.
  • thermite composition constitutes approximately 80 wt % of the initiator and the tinder approximately 20 wt %.
  • Figures 1 and 2 are DTA responsive curves as a function of temperature produced upon ignition of respective thermite compositions.
  • FIGS 3 and 4 illustrate respectively from one side and in cross-section detonators according to different forms of the invention.
  • the invention is concerned with a detonator which includes an initiator which is readily initiated by the application of heat.
  • the applicant has selected the pyrotechnic Si-Bi 2 O 3 system as tinder for the thermite AI-CuO system because of the excellent sensitivity of the tinder to fire.
  • the Si-Bi 2 O3 is sensitive to fire and can also be used as a short period delay with a burning speed of 150 mm per second in a composition comprising 80 wt % B12O3 and 20 wt % Si.
  • the temperature of the tinder reaction is sufficient to ignite a thermite reaction.
  • Experimental work was conducted to determine an optimal composition of an AI-CuO thermite system mixed with Si and B12O3 (the tinder).
  • Table 1 reflects ignition temperature data which were obtained for specific mixtures of thermite (80 wt %) and tinder (20 wt %) formed from particles of different sizes.
  • "coarse” denotes micrometer-sized ( ⁇ ) particles for all types.
  • “nano” applies only to the thickness dimension of the flakes. This type of aluminium material is referred to in Table 1 as fine.
  • the nano silicon has a surface weighted mean particle size of 910 nm and a BET surface area of 10,1 m 2 /g. The sizing boundaries of the nano CuO particles were established as being less than 10 nm. Mixing of the thermite with the tinder in each case was accomplished using standard techniques. After adequate processing the initiator compositions were ignited. Appropriate instruments were used to perform a differential thermal analysis (DTA).
  • DTA differential thermal analysis
  • Figure 1 is a DTA response curve as a function of temperature for a stoichiometric AI-CuO mixture comprising coarse aluminium and nano-sized CuO particles.
  • a first endotherm has an onset temperature of 647°C - this corresponds to the melting of the aluminium metal (literature Al mp. 660.45°C).
  • a second endotherm which occurred with an onset temperature of about 880°C is presumed to correspond to the melting and dissolution of the CuO in the aluminium melt (literature CuO mp. 1326°C). This is followed by a fast exotherm with an onset temperature of about 939°C which is associated with the ignition temperature of the composition leading to the aluminium oxidation reaction.
  • Figure 2 is a curve of a DTA response of an initiator mixture, according to the invention which, as shown in Table 1 , contains 80 wt % thermite (AI-CuO) and 20 wt % of the tinder mixture (Si-Bi 2 03).
  • AI-CuO thermite
  • Si-Bi 2 03 the tinder mixture
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a detonator 20 according to a first form of the invention which is based on the inventive principles described herein.
  • the detonator includes a metallic tube 22, e.g. of aluminium, with an inner holder 24, also of aluminium.
  • a charge 26 of PETN is located at a blind end of the tube and tamped in position at 130kg.
  • the holder 24 includes an outlet 30 and an inlet 32.
  • a charge 34 of PETN, pressed at 70kg, is adjacent the outlet.
  • a charge 36 made up of the thermite/tinder composition referred to and pressed at 90kg, is adjacent the charge 34.
  • a time delay element 40 is loaded into the holder.
  • a starter 42 typically a mixture of red lead and silicon, is adjacent the inlet 32 and pressed at 130kg.
  • the detonator 20 is used substantially in a conventional manner in that the starter 42 is fired by means of the energy output from a shock tube, not shown. If the delay element 40 is used then, after a predetermined delay period, the thermite/tinder composition 36 is ignited. The firing impulse from the thermite composition leads to deflagration to detonation of the smaller PETN charge 34 which causes initiation of the larger PETN charge 26.
  • FIG. 4 shows a detonator 50 which does not include a delay element.
  • the detonator has an aluminium tubular shell 52 with an open upper end and a closed lower end 54. Contained in the shell is base charge 56 made up of 400mg of PETN pressed at 130kg (56A) and 400mg of loose PETN (56B).
  • An initiating element in the form of a tubular steel sleeve 60, is positioned inside the aluminium shell.
  • the sleeve has an open first end which opposes the open upper end of the shell 52, and an opposed open second end.
  • the sleeve contains a starter composition 62 which is similar to the starter 42 shown in Figure 3, a mixture 64 of tinder, thermite and PETN and a transition portion 66 of PETN.
  • the mixture 64 consists of 20% AI-CuO thermite/tinder and 80% PETN (75 to 180 micron particle size). The constituents are dry mixed and pressed at 90kg.
  • the transition portion 66 comprises 140mg of PETN (75 to 180 micron particle size) pressed at 70kg.
  • the detonator 50 illustrates similar desirable characteristics as the detonator 20.
  • the ignition temperature of the detonator is reduced, for the reasons which have been given and, although the starter in each case includes red lead, overall the lead requirement is also reduced.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un détonateur qui comprend un explosif et un amorceur pour amorcer l'explosif, l'amorceur comprenant une composition de thermite et un mélange d'amadou qui comprend du silicium et du trioxyde de dibismuth.
PCT/ZA2011/000008 2010-02-24 2011-02-18 Amorceur de détonateur Ceased WO2011106803A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2011220386A AU2011220386A1 (en) 2010-02-24 2011-02-18 Detonator initiator
AP2012006417A AP3479A (en) 2010-02-24 2011-02-18 Detonator initiator
BR112012020907A BR112012020907A2 (pt) 2010-02-24 2011-02-18 iniciador de detonador
ZA2012/05851A ZA201205851B (en) 2010-02-24 2012-08-03 Detonator intiator

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA201001343 2010-02-24
ZA2010/01343 2010-02-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011106803A1 true WO2011106803A1 (fr) 2011-09-01

Family

ID=43937562

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/ZA2011/000008 Ceased WO2011106803A1 (fr) 2010-02-24 2011-02-18 Amorceur de détonateur

Country Status (6)

Country Link
AP (1) AP3479A (fr)
AU (1) AU2011220386A1 (fr)
BR (1) BR112012020907A2 (fr)
CL (1) CL2012002269A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011106803A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA201205851B (fr)

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2452091A (en) * 1942-11-23 1948-10-26 David L Woodberry Incendiary material
US3498857A (en) * 1966-12-06 1970-03-03 Ethyl Corp Aluminum iron oxide incendiary composition containing a (cyclopentadienyl) iron compound
US5035756A (en) * 1989-01-10 1991-07-30 United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Bonding agents for thermite compositions
EP0599792A1 (fr) * 1992-11-27 1994-06-01 Nitro Nobel Ab Charge à retard et élément, et détonateur contenant une telle charge
WO1997022571A1 (fr) * 1995-12-20 1997-06-26 Nitro Nobel Ab Charge pyrotechnique pour detonateurs
US5945627A (en) * 1996-09-19 1999-08-31 Ici Canada Detonators comprising a high energy pyrotechnic
WO2001018482A1 (fr) * 1999-09-06 2001-03-15 Dyno Nobel Sweden Ab Detonateur
WO2004011396A2 (fr) * 2002-07-29 2004-02-05 The Regents Of The University Of California Compositions d'allumage electrique exemptes de plomb
WO2006083379A2 (fr) * 2004-11-30 2006-08-10 South Dakota School Of Mines And Technology Materiaux nanoenergetiques a base d'aluminium et d'oxyde de bismuth
WO2007098271A2 (fr) * 2006-02-27 2007-08-30 Ensign-Bickford Aerospace & Defense Company Elements solides de combustible a base d'hydrogene et leurs procedes de fabrication

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2452091A (en) * 1942-11-23 1948-10-26 David L Woodberry Incendiary material
US3498857A (en) * 1966-12-06 1970-03-03 Ethyl Corp Aluminum iron oxide incendiary composition containing a (cyclopentadienyl) iron compound
US5035756A (en) * 1989-01-10 1991-07-30 United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Bonding agents for thermite compositions
EP0599792A1 (fr) * 1992-11-27 1994-06-01 Nitro Nobel Ab Charge à retard et élément, et détonateur contenant une telle charge
WO1997022571A1 (fr) * 1995-12-20 1997-06-26 Nitro Nobel Ab Charge pyrotechnique pour detonateurs
US5945627A (en) * 1996-09-19 1999-08-31 Ici Canada Detonators comprising a high energy pyrotechnic
WO2001018482A1 (fr) * 1999-09-06 2001-03-15 Dyno Nobel Sweden Ab Detonateur
WO2004011396A2 (fr) * 2002-07-29 2004-02-05 The Regents Of The University Of California Compositions d'allumage electrique exemptes de plomb
WO2006083379A2 (fr) * 2004-11-30 2006-08-10 South Dakota School Of Mines And Technology Materiaux nanoenergetiques a base d'aluminium et d'oxyde de bismuth
WO2007098271A2 (fr) * 2006-02-27 2007-08-30 Ensign-Bickford Aerospace & Defense Company Elements solides de combustible a base d'hydrogene et leurs procedes de fabrication

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR112012020907A2 (pt) 2016-05-03
AP3479A (en) 2015-12-31
ZA201205851B (en) 2013-05-29
CL2012002269A1 (es) 2013-03-08
AP2012006417A0 (en) 2012-08-31
AU2011220386A1 (en) 2012-08-30

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