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WO2011106180A1 - Thérapie par rayonnement électromagnétique - Google Patents

Thérapie par rayonnement électromagnétique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011106180A1
WO2011106180A1 PCT/US2011/024619 US2011024619W WO2011106180A1 WO 2011106180 A1 WO2011106180 A1 WO 2011106180A1 US 2011024619 W US2011024619 W US 2011024619W WO 2011106180 A1 WO2011106180 A1 WO 2011106180A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
energy
electromagnetic radiation
kidney
applicator
kidney tissue
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2011/024619
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English (en)
Inventor
Jack W. Lasersohn
Michael Horzewski
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YELLOW BRICK MEDICAL Inc
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YELLOW BRICK MEDICAL Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of WO2011106180A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011106180A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N5/0613—Apparatus adapted for a specific treatment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N5/067—Radiation therapy using light using laser light
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N7/00—Ultrasound therapy
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N2/00—Magnetotherapy
    • A61N2/002—Magnetotherapy in combination with another treatment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N2005/0626—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods
    • A61N2005/0627—Dose monitoring systems and methods
    • A61N2005/0628—Dose monitoring systems and methods including a radiation sensor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N2005/0635—Radiation therapy using light characterised by the body area to be irradiated
    • A61N2005/0643—Applicators, probes irradiating specific body areas in close proximity
    • A61N2005/0645—Applicators worn by the patient
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N2005/065—Light sources therefor
    • A61N2005/0651—Diodes
    • A61N2005/0652—Arrays of diodes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N2005/0658—Radiation therapy using light characterised by the wavelength of light used
    • A61N2005/0659—Radiation therapy using light characterised by the wavelength of light used infrared
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N2005/0664—Details
    • A61N2005/0665—Reflectors
    • A61N2005/0666—Reflectors for redirecting light to the treatment area

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the use of electromagnetic radiation for the prevention and treatment of injury to and disorders of biological issues, and more specifically to novel apparatuses and methods for the prevention and treatment of kidney injury and failure.
  • Acute renal failure or acute kidney injury is characterized by a rapid reduction in renal function.
  • the causes are numerous and are commonly categorized as pre-renal, renal or intrinsic, and post-renal.
  • Pre-renal causes are characterized by inadequate blood perfusion to the kidneys. These include volume depletion; examples include hemorrhage, loss of intravascular fluid due to ascities, peritonitis, and burns; low cardiac output due to cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, cardiac tamponade, and pulmonary embolism, among others; low systemic vascular resistance due to shock, liver failure, or antihypertensive drugs; increased vascular resistance caused by hypercalcemia, anaphylaxis, anesthetics, renal artery obstruction, renal vein thrombosis, sepsis, and hepatorenal syndrome; and decreased efferent arteriolar tone.
  • Renal causes involve intrinsic renal disease or damage to the kidney itself, most commonly from renal ischemia and nephrotoxins.
  • Causes include acute tubular injury due to ischemia; from surgery (blood loss, blood flow reduction— cross clamping), hemorrhage, arterial or venous obstruction, and cyclosporine, tacrolimus, and amphotericin B; and toxins, such as radiopaque contrast agents which lead to contrast-induced nephropathy,
  • Aminoglycosides amphotericin B, foscarnet, ethylene glycol, hemoglobinuria, myoglobinuria, ifosfamide, and heavy metals.
  • Acute glomerulonephritis ANCA associated, anti-GBM glomerulonephritis, and immune complex
  • acute tubulointerstitial nephritis due to drug reactions, pyelonephritis, and papillary necrosis
  • infiltrative diseases such as lymphoma, sarcoidosis, and leukemia constitute renal causes as well.
  • Post-renal causes are due to various types of obstruction within the urinary system. Obstruction can also occur within the tubules when crystalline or proteinaceous material precipitates. Examples include: renal calculi; retroperitoneal fibrosis; prostatic hypertrophy; carcinoma and cervical carcinoma; urethral stricture; and bladder, pelvic, and/or retroperitoneal neoplasm.
  • the primary treatment for acute kidney injury is correcting the fluid and electrolyte balances from either fluid depletion or fluid overload; treatment of the underlying medical condition and restoration of blood perfusion to the kidneys; and the discontinuation of potentially deleterious medications.
  • Non-ICU acute kidney injury carries a mortality rate of up to 10%.
  • ICU acute kidney injury carries a mortality rate of over 50%.
  • Contrast-induced nephropathy is associated with both short- and long-term adverse outcomes, including the need for renal replacement therapy, increased length of hospital stay, major cardiac adverse events, and mortality.
  • the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy is estimated to be 1% to 6% in the general population. However, in patient subgroups with multiple comorbidities, the risk grows to as high as 50%.
  • Electromagnetic radiation systems of many different types are used in a wide variety of medical procedures. Some of the many types of electromagnetic radiation systems are visible light systems and infrared systems; some are intended for diagnostic purposes, such as infrared spectroscopy, and some for therapeutic purposes including chronic pain management, wound healing, cosmetic surgery, and dentistry.
  • Electromagnetic radiation in the red/near infrared range has been shown to modulate various biological processes such as increasing mitochondrial respiration, adenosine triphosphate synthesis, and preventing apoptosis. This effect has been applied clinically to facilitate wound healing; promote skeletal muscle regeneration and angiogenesis; and improve neurologic function in ischemic brain tissue.
  • the mechanism of action in these uses is not well understood.
  • the problem of nephropathy caused by contrast agents is distinct from these prior uses and is itself not well understood.
  • One preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a method for treating kidney tissue.
  • the method comprises introducing electromagnetic radiation of at least one efficacious wavelength and energy to at least a portion of kidney tissue.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for treating kidney tissue.
  • the method comprises introducing electromagnetic radiation of at least one efficacious wavelength and energy to abdomen, to irradiate at least a portion of kidney tissue.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for treating kidney tissue.
  • the method comprises introducing electromagnetic radiation of at least one efficacious wavelength and energy to at least a portion of kidney tissue, to prevent, reduce, or eliminate injury to the kidney tissue.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for treating kidney tissue.
  • the method comprises introducing electromagnetic radiation of at least one efficacious wavelength and energy to at least a portion of kidney tissue prior to kidney injury, to prevent, reduce, or eliminate injury to the kidney tissue.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for treating kidney tissue.
  • the method comprises introducing electromagnetic radiation of at least one efficacious wavelength and energy to at least a portion of kidney tissue at least during a portion of the time of kidney injury, to prevent, reduce, or eliminate injury to the kidney tissue.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for treating kidney tissue.
  • the method comprises introducing electromagnetic radiation of at least one efficacious wavelength and energy to at least a portion of kidney tissue, at least during a portion of the time of and/or after the kidney injury, to prevent, reduce, or eliminate injury to the kidney tissue.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for treating kidney tissue.
  • the method comprises introducing electromagnetic radiation of at least one efficacious wavelength and energy to at least a portion of kidney tissue, prior to and/or at least during a portion of the time of and/or after the kidney injury, to prevent, reduce, or eliminate injury to the kidney tissue.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for treating kidney tissue.
  • the method comprises introducing electromagnetic radiation of at least one efficacious wavelength and energy to at least a portion of kidney tissue, prior to and/or at least during a portion of the time of a diagnostic procedure, to prevent, reduce, or eliminate injury to the kidney tissue.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for treating kidney tissue.
  • the method comprises introducing electromagnetic radiation of at least one efficacious wavelength and energy to at least a portion of kidney tissue, prior to and/or at least during a portion of the time of an interventional procedure, to prevent, reduce, or eliminate injury to the kidney tissue.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for treating kidney tissue.
  • the method comprises introducing electromagnetic radiation of at least one efficacious wavelength and energy to at least a portion of kidney tissue, concurrently or independently applying acoustic energy of at least one efficacious energy to at least a portion of kidney tissue, prior to and/or at least during a portion of the time of and/or after the kidney injury, to prevent, reduce, or eliminate injury to the kidney tissue.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for treating kidney tissue.
  • the method comprises introducing electromagnetic radiation of at least one efficacious wavelength and energy to at least a portion of kidney tissue, concurrently or independently applying acoustic energy of at least one efficacious energy to at least a portion of kidney tissue, prior to and/or at least during a portion of the time of and/or after the kidney injury, to prevent, reduce, or eliminate contrast-induced nephropathy.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for treating kidney tissue.
  • the method comprises introducing electromagnetic radiation of at least one efficacious wavelength and energy to at least a portion of kidney tissue, concurrently or independently applying acoustic energy of at least one efficacious energy to at least a portion of kidney tissue, prior to and/or at least during a portion of the time of and/or after the introduction of contrast media to the patient, to prevent, reduce, or eliminate contrast-induced nephropathy.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for treating kidney tissue.
  • the method comprises introducing electromagnetic radiation of at least one efficacious wavelength and energy to at least a portion of kidney tissue, concurrently or independently applying a magnetic field of at least one efficacious field strength to at least a portion of kidney tissue, prior to and/or at least during a portion of the time of and/or after the kidney injury, to prevent, reduce, or eliminate injury to the kidney tissue.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for treating kidney tissue.
  • the method comprises introducing electromagnetic radiation of at least one efficacious wavelength and energy to at least a portion of kidney tissue, prior to and/or at least during a portion of the time of and/or after the kidney injury, and administering a pharmacologic agent (e.g. hydration, volume expansion, N-acetylcysteine, sodium bicarbonate, ascorbic acid) prior to and/or at least during a portion of the time of and/or after electromagnetic radiation, to prevent, reduce, or eliminate injury to the kidney tissue.
  • a pharmacologic agent e.g. hydration, volume expansion, N-acetylcysteine, sodium bicarbonate, ascorbic acid
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for treating kidney tissue.
  • the method comprises introducing electromagnetic radiation of at least one efficacious wavelength and energy to at least a portion of kidney tissue, prior to and/or at least during a portion of the time of an interventional procedure, and administering a pharmacologic agent (e.g. hydration, volume expansion, N-acetylcysteine, sodium bicarbonate, ascorbic acid) prior to and/or at least during a portion of the time of and/or after electromagnetic radiation, to prevent, reduce, or eliminate injury to the kidney tissue.
  • a pharmacologic agent e.g. hydration, volume expansion, N-acetylcysteine, sodium bicarbonate, ascorbic acid
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for treating kidney tissue.
  • the method comprises introducing electromagnetic radiation of at least one efficacious wavelength and energy to at least a portion of kidney tissue.
  • the electromagnetic radiation source comprising a laser and/or at least one light emitting diode.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for treating kidney tissue.
  • the method comprises introducing electromagnetic radiation of at least one efficacious wavelength and energy to at least a portion of kidney tissue. Introducing the electromagnetic radiation through an element in contact with the skin.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for treating kidney tissue.
  • the method comprises introducing electromagnetic radiation of at least one efficacious wavelength and energy to at least a portion of kidney tissue. Reducing thermal changes near the skin.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for treating kidney tissue.
  • the method comprises introducing electromagnetic radiation of at least one efficacious wavelength and energy to at least a portion of kidney tissue. Sensing for thermal changes and modifying or ceasing delivery of the electromagnetic radiation if predetermined thermal changes are detected.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for treating kidney tissue.
  • the method comprises introducing electromagnetic radiation of at least one efficacious wavelength and energy to at least a portion of kidney tissue. Sensing for electromagnetic radiation of at least one efficacious wavelength and ceasing delivery of the electromagnetic radiation if electromagnetic radiation of at least one efficacious wavelength is detected.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for treating kidney tissue.
  • the method comprises introducing electromagnetic radiation of at least one efficacious wavelength and energy to at least a portion of kidney tissue. Sensing for electromagnetic radiation of at least one efficacious wavelength and ceasing delivery of the electromagnetic radiation if electromagnetic radiation of at least one efficacious wavelength is detected above a threshold level.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for treating kidney tissue.
  • the method comprises introducing electromagnetic radiation of at least one efficacious wavelength and energy to at least a portion of kidney tissue, to prevent, reduce, or eliminate injury to the kidney tissue. Concurrently or independently of the delivery of electromagnetic radiation effecting a decrease in the absorption and/or blood flow and/or blood vessel diameter in at lease a portion of the area exposed to the electromagnetic radiation.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for treating kidney tissue.
  • the method comprises introducing electromagnetic radiation of at least one efficacious wavelength and energy to at least a portion of kidney tissue, to prevent, reduce, or eliminate injury to the kidney tissue. Concurrently or independently of the delivery of electromagnetic radiation effecting an increase in the transmission of the electromagnetic radiation.
  • the methods encompass using electromagnetic radiation having at least one wavelength of about 635 nm to about 1560 nra.
  • the methods encompass using electromagnetic radiation having at least one wavelength of about 635 nm to about 980 nm.
  • the methods encompass using electromagnetic radiation having at least one wavelength of about 700 nm to about 980 nm.
  • the methods encompass using electromagnetic radiation having a power density of at least 0.01 mW/cm 2 at the kidney tissue.
  • the methods encompass delivering electromagnetic radiation in at least continuous wave mode.
  • the methods encompass delivering electromagnetic radiation in at least pulsed wave mode.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for treating kidney tissue.
  • the apparatus comprises at least one electromagnetic radiation source of at least one efficacious wavelength and energy, positioned to irradiate at least a portion of kidney tissue.
  • 0047] Another embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for treating kidney tissue.
  • the apparatus comprises at least one electromagnetic radiation source of at least one efficacious wavelength and energy, positioned to irradiate at least a portion of kidney tissue.
  • the apparatus further comprising a laser and/or at least one light emitting diode as one electromagnetic radiation source.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for treating kidney tissue.
  • the apparatus comprises at least one electromagnetic radiation source of at least one efficacious wavelength and energy, positioned to irradiate at least a portion of kidney tissue.
  • the apparatus further comprises an element in contact with the skin.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for treating kidney tissue.
  • the apparatus comprises at least one electromagnetic radiation source of at least one efficacious wavelength and energy, positioned to irradiate at least a portion of kidney tissue.
  • the apparatus further comprises an element in contact with the skin. The element adapted to reduce thermal changes near the skin.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for treating kidney tissue.
  • the apparatus comprises at least one electromagnetic radiation source of at least one efficacious wavelength and energy, positioned to irradiate at least a portion of kidney tissue.
  • the apparatus further comprises and element in contact with the skin. The element adapted to reduce the temperature near the skin at or near the region of irradiation.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for treating kidney tissue.
  • the apparatus comprises introducing electromagnetic radiation of at least one efficacious wavelength and energy to at least a portion of kidney tissue.
  • the apparatus further comprises a sensor for sensing thermal changes and modifying or ceasing delivery of the electromagnetic radiation if predetermined thermal changes are detected.
  • the apparatus comprises at least one electromagnetic radiation source of at least one efficacious wavelength and energy, positioned to irradiate at least a portion of kidney tissue.
  • the apparatus further comprises an element to reduce or eliminate electromagnetic radiation of at least one efficacious wavelength from being emitted in at least one undesirable direction.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for treating kidney tissue.
  • the apparatus comprises at least one electromagnetic radiation source of at least one efficacious wavelength and energy, positioned to irradiate at least a portion of kidney tissue.
  • the apparatus further comprises an element to reduce or eliminate electromagnetic radiation of at least one efficacious wavelength from being emitted away from the patient.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for treating kidney tissue.
  • the apparatus comprises at least one electromagnetic radiation source of at least one efficacious wavelength and energy, positioned to irradiate at least a portion of kidney tissue.
  • the apparatus further comprises an element for constraining the electromagnetic radiation of at least one efficacious wavelength being emitted between the emitting source and the patient.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for treating kidney tissue.
  • the apparatus comprises at least one electromagnetic radiation source of at least one efficacious wavelength and energy, positioned to irradiate at least a portion of kidney tissue.
  • the apparatus further comprises an element for maintaining position of at least on element of the apparatus in relation to the patient.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for treating kidney tissue.
  • the apparatus comprises at least one electromagnetic radiation source of at least one efficacious wavelength and energy, positioned to irradiate at least a portion of kidney tissue.
  • the apparatus further comprises a sensor to sense electromagnetic radiation of at least one efficacious wavelength.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for treating kidney tissue.
  • the apparatus comprises at least one electromagnetic radiation source of at least one efficacious wavelength and energy, positioned to irradiate at least a portion of kidney tissue.
  • the apparatus further comprises a sensor to sense electromagnetic radiation of at least one efficacious wavelength.
  • the apparatus further comprises an element or component for ceasing delivery of the electromagnetic radiation if electromagnetic radiation of at least one efficacious wavelength is detected.
  • the apparatus comprises at least one electromagnetic radiation source of at least one efficacious wavelength and energy, positioned to irradiate at least a portion of kidney tissue.
  • the apparatus further comprises a sensor to sense electromagnetic radiation of at least one efficacious wavelength.
  • the apparatus further comprises an element or component for ceasing delivery of the electromagnetic radiation if electromagnetic radiation of at least one efficacious wavelength is detected above a threshold level.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for treating kidney tissue.
  • the apparatus comprises at least one electromagnetic radiation source of at least one efficacious wavelength and energy and at least one acoustic energy source of at least one efficacious energy.
  • the apparatus further comprising the delivery of the efficacious energies either concurrently or independently to at least a portion of kidney tissue.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for treating kidney tissue.
  • the apparatus comprises at least one electromagnetic radiation source of at least one efficacious wavelength and energy and at least one magnetic field source of at least one efficacious field strength.
  • the apparatus further comprising the delivery of the efficacious energies either concurrently or independently to at least a portion of kidney tissue.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for treating kidney tissue.
  • the apparatus comprises at least one electromagnetic radiation source of at least one efficacious wavelength and energy, positioned to irradiate at least a portion of kidney tissue.
  • the apparatus further affecting, concurrently or independently of the delivery of
  • Another embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for treating kidney tissue.
  • the apparatus comprises at least one electromagnetic radiation source of at least one efficacious wavelength and energy, positioned to irradiate at least a portion of kidney tissue.
  • the apparatus further affecting, concurrently or independently of the delivery of
  • the apparatus encompasses using electromagnetic radiation having at least one wavelength of about 635 nm to about 1560 nm.
  • the apparatus encompasses using electromagnetic radiation having at least one wavelength of about 635 nm to about 980 nm.
  • the apparatus encompasses using electromagnetic radiation having at least one wavelength of about 700 nm to about 980 nm.
  • the apparatus encompasses using electromagnetic radiation having a power density of a power density of at least 0.01mW/cm 2 at the kidney tissue.
  • the apparatus encompasses using electromagnetic radiation having an energy density of at least 0.01 J/cm 2 at the kidney tissue.
  • the apparatus encompasses using electromagnetic radiation in at least continuous wave mode. [0069
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a system 10 for applying electromagnetic radiation energy for the prevention, reduction, or elimination of acute kidney injury and/or kidney failure.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates an embodiment of the system 10 with multiple applicators 30.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a view of the patient side of an applicator 30.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of the system 10 with a cooling system 90.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates an embodiment of a combination system 100.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment of a multiple source system 200.
  • the electromagnetic radiation energy is desirably indicated, e.g., for the prevention, reduction, or elimination of acute kidney injury and/or kidney failure; and/or before, during, or after the acute kidney injury and/or kidney failure has begun; and/or before, during, or after a new kidney injury and/or insult has occurred, e.g. angiographic procedures, surgical procedures, contrast-enhanced imaging procedures, any introduction of contrast media to a patient, etc.
  • injury or "insult” as they relate to the kidneys shall mean any tissue injury, insult, or damage resulting from any or all of the following causes: pre-renal, renal or intrinsic, and post-renal.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a compact, portable electromagnetic energy system 10 that makes it possible to apply electromagnetic energy to a patient.
  • the system 10 enables the application of electromagnetic radiation energy to a patient at a designated treatment location.
  • the system 10 will be described herein for irradiation of the kidneys for the prevention, reduction, or elimination of acute kidney injury and/or kidney failure,
  • system 10 may be modified for irradiation of other tissues within the body.
  • the system 10 includes at least one electromagnetic radiation energy generating machine 15.
  • the system 10 also includes at least one electromagnetic radiation energy applicator 30, which is coupled to the machine 15 via at least one interconnect 40.
  • the machine 15 can be sized and shaped to provide a lightweight and portable unit suited for use in varying locations, e.g. bedside, catheterization laboratory, surgical suite, etc.
  • the machine 1 5 includes a housing 16 which houses an electromagnetic radiation energy generating source 20 (not shown).
  • the electromagnetic radiation energy is delivered to the applicator 30 by an interconnect 40.
  • One or more controllers 50 may also be housed within the housing 16 (but which could be external of the housing 16, if so desired). Further desirable technical features of the applicator 30, interconnect 40, and controller(s) 50 will be described later.
  • the source 20 may be, for example at least one light emitting diode, laser, and/or laser diode, or multiples and/or a combination of sources, e.g. laser and light emitting diodes.
  • Power for the machine 15 may be supplied from an internal battery (rechargeable and/or removable, if so desired), external battery, and/or line source.
  • the provision of battery power frees the machine 15 from dependency upon electrical service. This feature makes it possible for the machine 15 to operate in multiple locations and while the patient is being transported between locations, e.g. from the holding area to the catheterization laboratory, from the catheterization laboratory to the holding area or hospital room, etc.
  • the applicator 30 can be sized and shaped to provide a suitable profile and area to enable irradiation of the intended tissue.
  • the applicator will be described herein for irradiation of the kidneys, understanding it is within the scope of this invention that the applicator may be sized and shaped for irradiation of other tissues within the body.
  • two or more applicators may be used to provide irradiation of each kidney and/or other target tissues as shown in Fig. 2.
  • the applicator 30 is sized to irradiate at least both kidneys, taking into account the size and location of the kidneys, as well as the divergence of the electromagnetic energy within the tissue. For example, given the average kidney size of about 1 1 cm in height, by 6 cm in width, by 5 cm thick, at a depth of 7.5 cm, with a separation of 1 1 cm, a location asymmetry of 1 cm (the right kidney generally being lower than the left), and divergence of the electromagnetic radiation within the tissue of 15 degrees, an average applicator 30 would be about 20 cm by 9 cm. Applicators of varying sizes may be provided based on the patient's characteristics and/or the desired area of irradiation. The desired area of irradiation may be greater, equal to, or less than the size of the target tissue.
  • the applicator 30 may comprise a separate component within the energy path that is either reusable or disposable, or contain one or more components that are reusable or disposable.
  • a disposable membrane or component may be used for the portion of the applicator 30 that is in contact with the patient. This disposable membrane or component may also include the seal 60 and/or seal sensor 65.
  • the applicator may have the ability to maintain attachment to the patient, e.g. have an adhesive, to minimize or eliminate movement of the applicator in relation to the patient, which may be called the seal 60.
  • the seal 60 may be the entire surface in contact with the patient or just a region, e.g. the outer edge as shown in Fig.3.
  • Additional embodiments may comprise a strap, band, or wrap around the patient to secure the applicator 30, or a separate component (not shown) that covers at least a portion of the applicator 30 and secures it to the patient, e.g. an adhesive strip.
  • the securement of the applicator 30 may be designed to apply pressure to the patient's skin in the region of the applicator 30. Securement of applicator 30 by the seal 60, band, or other methods may serve as to direct the electromagnetic radiation energy to the patient and/or from eliminating any electromagnetic radiation of emanating into the surrounding area or environment.
  • the shape and size of the applicator 30 may also be provided such that it applies pressure to the patient in the region of the applicator 30.
  • the thickness of the applicator may be such that when the patient is laying on their back, e.g. on a catheterization laboratory table or surgical table, the applicator 30 applies pressure to the patient's skin.
  • Additional methods and apparatuses to decrease the absorption and/or amount of blood and/or the blood vessel diameter in at least a portion of the area of electromagnetic irradiation is to decrease the temperature in at least a portion of the area. For example, this can be effected by cooling at least a portion of the applicator 30, or by use of an independent cooling apparatus, prior to and/or concurrently with the delivery of electromagnetic radiation.
  • Additional methods to decrease the absorption and/or amount of blood and/or the blood vessel diameter in at least a portion of the area of electromagnetic irradiation are to apply an agent to at least a portion of the area. For example, this can be effected by applying a vasoconstrictive agent to at least a portion of the area prior to and/or concurrently with the delivery of electromagnetic radiation.
  • Additional methods to decrease the absorption and/or amount of blood and/or the blood vessel diameter in at least a portion of the area of electromagnetic irradiation are to apply an agent to at least a portion of the area. For example, this can be effected by administering a vasoconstrictive agent to the patient prior to and/or concurrently with the delivery of electromagnetic radiation.
  • Additional methods and apparatuses to decrease the absorption and/or amount of blood and/or the blood vessel diameter in at least a portion of the area of electromagnetic irradiation are to apply an energy source to at least a portion of the area. For example, this can be effected by applying a vasoconstrictive energy, e.g. electrical stimulation, to at least a portion of the area prior to and/or concurrently with the delivery of electromagnetic radiation.
  • a vasoconstrictive energy e.g. electrical stimulation
  • Additional methods of providing pressure are to fill at least a portion of the applicator 30 or space between the applicator 30 and patient with a fluid.
  • This fluid could be used, for example, thermal maintenance or cooling, to enhance transmission of the electromagnetic energy, etc.
  • the region 70 not covered by the seal 60 may contain a transmission gel (not shown) to both enhance electromagnetic radiation transmission and apply pressure to the patient in the region of the applicator 30.
  • the transmission gel may be cooled and/or contain a vasoconstrictive agent.
  • the applicator 30 may contain a reflective component 80 or surface to direct electromagnetic radiation energy towards the patient, e.g. a reflective surface on the applicator 30 as shown in Fig. 1.
  • the applicator 30 may be constructed of materials such that the applicator 30 is partially or wholly translucent or transparent under fluoroscopy, as to not completely inhibit visualization in the catheterization laboratory.
  • the applicator 30 and a portion of the interconnect 40 may be constructed of materials that enable use within a magnetic field, e.g. an MRI machine.
  • the interconnect 40 couples the machine 15 to the applicator 30.
  • the interconnect 40 may be a separate component or it may be part of the machine 15 and/or part of the applicator 30.
  • the interconnect 40 enables the transmission of electromagnetic radiation from the machine 15 to the applicator 30.
  • the interconnect 40 may also include electrical and optical components, as will be described herein.
  • the interconnect 40 may be sized to enable the applicator 30 to remain within a sterile field while the machine 15 is outside the sterile field, when used in sterile settings.
  • a controller 50 may have one or more functions. These functions may include but are not limited to, power on/off control, set and/or track the time of electromagnetic radiation delivery, initiate and/or cease electromagnetic radiation delivery, change the energy of the source 20 based on the applicator connected to it, control operation of multiple sources 20 (e.g. laser and light emitting diode sources), monitor and/or control thermal and/or cooling components and/or modify source 20 output parameters and/or energy delivery based on feedback from one or more sensors (e.g. thermal and/or optical sensors), and control continuous and/or pulsed mode operation.
  • a controller 50 or other component may also recognize the status of the system 10 connections (e.g.
  • a controller 50 or other component may also recognize the type and/or status of the applicator 30 and only allow electromagnetic energy delivery when the proper applicator 30 is connected.
  • Total power output may be adjusted to provide for similar power density at the target tissue.
  • the source could deliver a lower amount of power for a smaller applicator for the same target tissue. This could be manually changed at a controller 50 or preprogrammed from recognition of the applicator size and appropriate adjustment of the output power by a controller 50.
  • Power level may also be adjusted based on the patient's characteristics, e.g. size, weight, body mass index, body surface area, etc.
  • Thermal sensing at or near the patient interface may be desirable. Additionally, thermal control of and/or near the applicator 30 and/or patient interface may also be desirable.
  • the thermal control may, for example, be a sensor to monitor the temperature at and/or near the applicator 30, and/or whereby a controller 50 adjusts the power output of the source 20, operates an active cooling system (Fig. 4), changes output mode (to/from continuous to/from pulsed to/from cycled off and on in either mode), ceases power output.
  • a cooling system 90 as shown in Fig. 4, may be incorporated into the system 10 or be a separate system.
  • the cooling system 90 may be provided to reduce or eliminate thermal increases of at least a portion of the patient's tissue and/or to maintain a desirable thermal range.
  • the cooling system 90 may also be used to decrease the amount of blood and/or the blood vessel diameter in at least a portion of the region of electromagnetic radiation.
  • Thermal control may be passive, for example, a fluid filled applicator 30 being filled with and/or incorporating a cold liquid, solid, or gel.
  • the decreased temperature may be from cold storage of the component, through a chemical reaction, or other mechanism.
  • the thermal control may be active, e.g. circulating cold fluid through at least a portion of the applicator 30 or the region of the patient interface.
  • a sensor may be used as feedback to control the cooling system to maintain certain parameters, e.g. a specific temperature or a temperature range.
  • the system may enable the detection of specific wavelengths, and/or multiple wavelengths, and/or a range and/or ranges of wavelengths and/or the detection of the intensity of the electromagnetic radiation.
  • at least one additional operation may be conducted by the system 10, e.g. cease energy delivery and/or provide a warning indicator (light, tone).
  • FIG. 3 An example of a detection system is partially shown in Fig. 3, where an optical seal sensor 65 is placed within the seal 60 of the applicator 30.
  • the seal sensor 65 is connected the machine 15 via the interconnect 40 or a separate interconnect (not shown).
  • the system 10 conducts an additional operation.
  • an electromagnetic radiation sensor 66 shown in Fig. 1 , which detects the delivered wavelength(s) should the system 10 irradiate an undesirable area, e.g. towards persons other than the patient, into the catheterization laboratory, surgical suite, environment, etc.
  • Minimum threshold energy level may be determine by sensing ambient energy levels prior to the delivery of electromagnetic radiation, and having the threshold level set at a value greater than ambient, e.g. 10% above ambient.
  • the electromagnetic radiation may also be delivered either in continuous mode, pulsed mode, or both.
  • the output for example, may alternate between continuous mode and pulsed mode, or may begin as continuous mode and in the case of thermal increases, switch to pulsed mode.
  • sources 20 may operate in continuous mode and/or pulsed mode and switch between the two.
  • Various combinations of continuous mode and pulsed mode operation are within the scope of the present invention.
  • the machine 15 provides efficacious electromagnetic radiation energy preferably at a wavelength within the visible and/or infrared range, about 380 nm to 1560 nm, and more preferably within the red and/or near infrared range, about 635 nm to 980 nm. Most preferably the wavelength is in the near infrared range at about 808 nm.
  • Multiple sources 20 may generate electromagnetic radiation energy at the same or different wavelengths and the same or different energy levels, e.g. light emitting diode(s) operating at 635 nm and a laser operating at 808 nm with similar of different energy levels. Irradiation of the tissue from each source 20 may occur at separate time points and/or at the same time and/or combinations thereof. Operating modes for the delivery of electromagnetic radiation energy may be continuous wave, pulsed wave, and/or a combination within each source and between sources.
  • the efficacious power density at the target tissue be at least 0.01 mW/cm 2 . More preferably the power density at the target tissue is 1 mW/cm 2 to 300 mW/cm 2 . Most preferably the power density at the target tissue is 1 mW/cm 2 to 50 mW/cm 2 in continuous mode and in pulsed mode the peak power density is 5 mW/cm 2 to 250 mW/cm 2 .
  • the power density was measured at the opposite side of the kidney from the applicator.
  • the efficacious power density range applies to power densities delivered to the surface of the kidney and/or within the kidney and/or at the opposite side of the kidney from the applicator.
  • the efficacious wavelength and power density ranges are suitable to prevent, decrease, or eliminate tissue injury or damage resulting from, for example, ischemia and/or an ischemic event and/or external and/or intrinsic toxicity.
  • these efficacious wavelength and power density ranges are suitable to prevent, decrease, or eliminate tissue injury or damage resulting from pre-renal, renal or intrinsic, and post-renal causes.
  • An alternative embodiment is to introduce electromagnetic radiation to at least a portion of kidney tissue, prior to and/or at least during a portion of the time of and/or after the kidney injury, and administering a pharmacologic agent (e.g. hydration, volume expansion, N- acetylcysteine, sodium bicarbonate, ascorbic acid) prior to and/or at least during a portion of the time of and/or after electromagnetic radiation, to prevent, reduce, or eliminate injury to the kidney tissue.
  • a pharmacologic agent e.g. hydration, volume expansion, N- acetylcysteine, sodium bicarbonate, ascorbic acid
  • An alternative embodiment is to introduce electromagnetic radiation to at least a portion of kidney tissue, prior to and/or at least during a portion of the time of and/or after an interventional procedure, and administering a pharmacologic agent (e.g. hydration, volume expansion, N-acetylcysteine, sodium bicarbonate, ascorbic acid) prior to and/or at least during a portion of the time of and/or after electromagnetic radiation, to prevent, reduce, or eliminate injury to the kidney tissue.
  • a pharmacologic agent e.g. hydration, volume expansion, N-acetylcysteine, sodium bicarbonate, ascorbic acid
  • An alternative embodiment is to provide a combination system 100 with the electromagnetic radiation energy source near and/or adjacent to, and/or being part of the applicator.
  • This combination source/applicator 130 as shown in Fig. 5, is for example, a light emitting diode array as part of the applicator.
  • Combination system 100 may contain and/or a combination controller 150, source/power supply 1 17 (internal or external), source/power interconnect 140. All features described as part of the present invention are applicable to a combination system 100.
  • An alternative embodiment is to provide a multiple source system 200 with two sources, e.g. a laser and a light emitting diode array as shown in Fig. 6.
  • the multiple source system 200 may comprise an applicator containing or near or adjacent to at least one electromagnetic radiation energy source and/or at least one source not at, near, or adjacent the applicator.
  • This multiple source/applicator 230 is for example, a light emitting diode array 226 as part of the applicator and a laser source 220 with an output window 225 located at, near, or adjacent the patient.
  • Multiple source/applicator 230 would provide for irradiation of the patient by both sources, from the light emitting diode array 226 and from the laser source through the output window 225.
  • Multiple source system 200 may contain and/or at least one multiple source controller 250, multiple source power supply 217,
  • Electromagnetic radiation energy may be used with other energy delivery sources at separate time points and/or at the same time and/or combinations thereof. Examples of such sources are, but not limited to, acoustic energy (including ultrasound) and magnetic energy, and electrical energy. Application of multiple energies may provide an enhanced effect compared to electromagnetic energy alone.
  • Example 1 Angiography: A patient requires an angiogram. Prior to the angiogram, the patient is determined to be at high risk for kidney injury due to the use of contrast media. It is determined to use system 10 to prevent, reduce, or eliminate kidney injury.
  • Transmission gel is cooled and applied to the region 70 of the applicator 30.
  • Applicator 30 is secured to patient's back using seal 60, in the region of the kidneys (generally located between T12 to L3).
  • the applicator 30 is connected to interconnect 40 and machine 15.
  • the patient lies on their back on the catheterization laboratory table and by design of the applicator 30, pressure is applied to the patient's skin in the area covered the applicator 30.
  • Continuous mode transmission of electromagnetic energy from laser source 20 at 808 nm and a power density of 2 mW/cm 2 at the far side of the kidneys is initiated 15 minutes prior to first contrast injection and is delivered for a duration of 10 minutes.
  • Example 2 Angiography 2: A patient requires an angiogram. Prior to the angiogram, the patient is determined to be at high risk for kidney injury due to the use of contrast media. It is determined to use system 10 to prevent, reduce, or eliminate kidney injury.
  • the patient receives and angiogram. After the angiogram, a vasoconstrictive agent is applied to the patient contact surface of the source/applicator 230. Transmission gel is cooled and applied to the region 70 of the applicator 30. Applicator 30 is secured to patient's back using seal 60, in the region of the kidneys (generally located between T12 to L3) and by design of the applicator 30, pressure is applied to the patient's skin in the area covered the applicator 30. The applicator 30 is connected to interconnect 40 and machine 1 . Pulsed mode transmission of electromagnetic energy from laser source 20 at 635 nm and a power density of 10 mW/cm 2 at the surface of the kidneys is delivered for a duration of 2 minutes.
  • Additional irradiations may occur at various intervals. These include but are not limited to once only or one or more times per day for one or more days or one or more times per day with a day or days without irradiation interspersed between irradiation days, e.g. skip days.
  • Example 3 Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: A patient requires percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Prior to the PTCA, the patient is determined to be at high risk for kidney injury due to the use of contrast media. It is detennined to use system 10 to prevent, reduce, or eliminate kidney injury.
  • PTCA percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
  • Continuous wave electromagnetic radiation energy is delivered again at 6 hours post procedure and twice per day with a 6 hour separation between irradiations for one or more days following the procedure.
  • System 10 operates on battery power while patient is moved between areas, where the machine 15 may be plugged back into wall power.
  • the controller 50 if operating in continuous mode, may switch to pulsed mode and deliver pulsed mode electromagnetic radiation energy, e.g. if there is an increase in temperature. Based on the patient's status, delivery of electromagnetic radiation energy may be cycled on and off by the controller 50 .
  • Example 4 Coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A patient requires a coronary artery bypass graft surgery. It is determined to use combination system 200, incorporating cooling system 90, to prevent, reduce, or eliminate kidney injury.
  • Transmission gel is applied to the region 70 of the multiple source/applicator 230.
  • Multiple source/applicator 230 is secured to patient's back using seal 60, in the region of the kidneys (T12 to L3).
  • the multiple source/applicator 230 is connected to the
  • Disposable membrane of multiple source/applicator 230 is fluid filled to exert pressure on the patient's skin.
  • a transmission gel containing a vasoconstrictive agent is applied to the patient contact surface of the source/applicator 230.
  • electromagnetic radiation energy from light emitting diode array 226 at 635 nm and 25 mW/cm 2 and pulsed mode electromagnetic radiation energy is delivered through output window 225 at 808 nm and a power density of 25 mW/cm 2 at the kidneys.
  • Two minutes of electromagnetic radiation is delivered 24 hours prior to the procedure, during which electromagnetic radiation sensor 66 continuously monitors for electromagnetic radiation in the 600nm to 900 nm range, does not detect any amount above the threshold level, and allows delivery of energy.
  • System 10 operates on battery power in case the patient needs to be moved until the multiple source power supply 217 is plugged back into wall power.
  • the multiple source controller 250 may switch off the 808 nm source and continue delivery of the 635 nm electromagnetic radiation energy, now switched to pulsed mode.
  • the cooling system 90 is cycled by the multiple source controller 250 to maintain a preset temperature and reduce blood flow in the area.
  • electromagnetic radiation energy may be delivered from either or both sources at a variety of power levels and modes of operation, or discontinued.
  • an additional 2 minutes of electromagnetic radiation is delivered to the patient during the procedure and every 24 hours post procedure for an additional three days.
  • Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is a method for preventing, reducing, or eliminating acute kidney injury and/or kidney failure by the application of electromagnetic radiation energy. At least a portion of one kidney is irradiated with
  • electromagnetic radiation energy at an efficacious wavelength and power density and/or before, during, or after the acute kidney injury and/or kidney failure has begun; and/or before, during, or after a new kidney injury and/or insult has occurred.
  • a method for preventing, reducing, or eliminating acute kidney injury and/or kidney failure by the application of electromagnetic radiation energy. At least a portion of one kidney is irradiated with electromagnetic radiation energy at an efficacious wavelength and power density and/or before, during, or after surgery.
  • a method for preventing, reducing, or eliminating acute kidney injury and/or kidney failure by the application of electromagnetic radiation energy. At least a portion of one kidney is irradiated with electromagnetic radiation energy at an efficacious wavelength and power density and/or before, during, or after the introduction of contrast media to the patient.
  • a method for preventing, reducing, or eliminating contrast-induced nephropathy by the application of electromagnetic radiation energy. At least a portion of one kidney is irradiated with electromagnetic radiation energy at an efficacious wavelength and power density and/or before, during, or after the introduction of contrast media to the patient.
  • a method for preventing, reducing, or eliminating contrast-induced nephropathy by the application of electromagnetic radiation energy. At least a portion of one kidney is irradiated with electromagnetic radiation energy at an efficacious wavelength and power density and/or before, during, or after angiography.
  • a method for preventing, reducing, or eliminating contrast-induced nephropathy by the application of electromagnetic radiation energy is provided. At least a portion of one kidney is irradiated with electromagnetic radiation energy at an efficacious wavelength and power density and/or before, during, or after contrast-enhanced imaging.
  • [001381 method for preventing, reducing, or eliminating acute kidney injury and/or kidney failure by the application of electromagnetic radiation energy.
  • the patient Prior to the introduction of contrast media to the patient, the patient is identified as being at risk of experiencing acute kidney injury and/or kidney failure.
  • Electromagnetic radiation energy at an efficacious wavelength and power density is delivered to at least a portion of the patient's kidney or kidneys before and/or during and/or after the introduction of contrast media to the patient.
  • a method for preventing, reducing, or eliminating acute kidney injury and/or kidney failure by the application of electromagnetic radiation energy Prior to a diagnostic and/or interventional procedure, the patient is identified as being at risk of experiencing acute kidney injury and/or kidney failure. Electromagnetic radiation energy at an efficacious wavelength and power density is delivered to at least a portion of the patient's kidney or kidneys before and/or during and/or after the diagnostic and/or interventional procedure.
  • a method for preventing, reducing, or eliminating acute kidney injury and/or kidney failure by the application of electromagnetic radiation energy Prior to surgery, the patient is identified as being at risk of experiencing acute kidney injury and/or kidney failure. Electromagnetic radiation energy at an efficacious wavelength and power density is delivered to at least a portion of the patient's kidney or kidneys before and/or during and/or after the surgery.
  • a method for preventing, reducing, or eliminating contrast-induced nephropathy by the application of electromagnetic radiation energy Prior to the introduction of contrast media to the patient, the patient is identified as being at risk of experiencing contrast- induced nephropathy. Electromagnetic radiation energy at an efficacious wavelength and power density is delivered to at least a portion of the patient's kidney or kidneys before and/or during and/or after the introduction of contrast media to the patient.
  • a method is provided for changing or maintaining the temperature of at least a portion of the patient's tissue prior to and/or during and/or after irradiating at least a portion of the patient's kidney with electromagnetic energy.
  • a method is provided for changing the pressure on at least a portion of the patient's skin and/or tissue prior to and/or during and/or after irradiating at least a portion of the patient's kidney with electromagnetic energy.
  • a method is provided for decreasing the absorption and/or amount of blood and/or the blood vessel diameter in at least a portion of the area of electromagnetic irradiation prior to and/or during and/or after irradiating at least a portion of the patient's kidney with electromagnetic energy.
  • a method for sensing at least one electromagnetic energy wavelength and performing an operation if that at least one wavelength is detected.
  • a method for preventing, reducing, or eliminating acute kidney injury and/or kidney failure by the application of electromagnetic radiation energy At least a portion of one kidney is irradiated with electromagnetic radiation energy at an efficacious wavelength and power density and at least one additional energy is delivered to at least a portion of one kidney and/or before, during, or after the acute kidney injury and/or kidney failure has begun; and/or before, during, or after a new kidney injury and/or insult has occurred.
  • a method for preventing, reducing, or eliminating acute kidney injury and/or kidney failure comprises introducing electromagnetic radiation of at least one efficacious wavelength and energy to at least a portion of kidney tissue, prior to and/or at least during a portion of the time of and/or after the kidney injury, and administering a pharmacologic agent prior to and/or at least during a portion of the time of and/or after electromagnetic radiation, to prevent, reduce, or eliminate injury to the kidney tissue.
  • a method for preventing, reducing, or eliminating acute kidney injury and/or kidney failure comprises introducing electromagnetic radiation of at least one efficacious wavelength and energy to at least a portion of kidney tissue, prior to and/or at least during a portion of the time of an interventional procedure, and administering a pharmacologic agent prior to and/or at least during a portion of the time of and/or after electromagnetic radiation, to prevent, reduce, or eliminate injury to the kidney tissue.

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Abstract

L'invention porte sur des appareils et sur des procédés de prévention, de réduction ou d'élimination de lésion tissulaire par l'application d'une énergie électromagnétique. Les appareils et les procédés présentent une application qui est destinée à être utilisée dans différents tissus dans différentes régions du corps, comprenant la prévention, la réduction ou l'élimination de lésion rénale aiguë, d'insuffisance rénale et de néphropathie induite par contraste.
PCT/US2011/024619 2010-02-25 2011-02-11 Thérapie par rayonnement électromagnétique Ceased WO2011106180A1 (fr)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030114902A1 (en) * 1994-03-21 2003-06-19 Prescott Marvin A. Laser therapy for foot conditions
US20040176805A1 (en) * 2003-03-06 2004-09-09 Whelan Andrew J. Electromagnetic therapy device and methods
US20080039746A1 (en) * 2006-05-25 2008-02-14 Medtronic, Inc. Methods of using high intensity focused ultrasound to form an ablated tissue area containing a plurality of lesions
US20080045865A1 (en) * 2004-11-12 2008-02-21 Hanoch Kislev Nanoparticle Mediated Ultrasound Therapy and Diagnostic Imaging
US20090088680A1 (en) * 2005-07-22 2009-04-02 Alexander Aravanis Optical tissue interface method and apparatus for stimulating cells

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030114902A1 (en) * 1994-03-21 2003-06-19 Prescott Marvin A. Laser therapy for foot conditions
US20040176805A1 (en) * 2003-03-06 2004-09-09 Whelan Andrew J. Electromagnetic therapy device and methods
US20080045865A1 (en) * 2004-11-12 2008-02-21 Hanoch Kislev Nanoparticle Mediated Ultrasound Therapy and Diagnostic Imaging
US20090088680A1 (en) * 2005-07-22 2009-04-02 Alexander Aravanis Optical tissue interface method and apparatus for stimulating cells
US20080039746A1 (en) * 2006-05-25 2008-02-14 Medtronic, Inc. Methods of using high intensity focused ultrasound to form an ablated tissue area containing a plurality of lesions

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