WO2011155379A1 - アルミニウム銅クラッド材 - Google Patents
アルミニウム銅クラッド材 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011155379A1 WO2011155379A1 PCT/JP2011/062651 JP2011062651W WO2011155379A1 WO 2011155379 A1 WO2011155379 A1 WO 2011155379A1 JP 2011062651 W JP2011062651 W JP 2011062651W WO 2011155379 A1 WO2011155379 A1 WO 2011155379A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/04—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a rolling mill
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/02—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a press ; Diffusion bonding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/017—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of aluminium or an aluminium alloy, another layer being formed of an alloy based on a non ferrous metal other than aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/14—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/16—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with magnesium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/18—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with zinc
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/04—Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/053—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12736—Al-base component
- Y10T428/1275—Next to Group VIII or IB metal-base component
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an aluminum copper clad material in which an aluminum layer and a copper layer are diffusion bonded.
- Lithium ion battery packs installed in hybrid vehicles and various electronic devices are used by connecting lithium ion batteries in series as necessary and further connecting battery groups connected in series in parallel. For this reason, many wiring materials which connect batteries are used.
- the lithium ion battery has a positive electrode terminal made of an aluminum material and a negative electrode terminal made of a copper material.
- the aluminum copper clad material with which the aluminum material and the copper material were joined as the raw material is used suitably for the wiring material provided for series connection. That is, the aluminum layer of the wiring material (lead wire) manufactured from the clad material is connected to the positive electrode terminal of one battery, and the copper layer is connected to the other negative electrode terminal.
- the aluminum copper clad material is suitable not only as a battery connection wiring material but also as a capacitor wiring material, a material for an intermediate part for connecting a copper part on which a semiconductor element is mounted and an aluminum part such as a radiator. Used for.
- the aluminum copper clad material is usually an aluminum plate that is the base of the aluminum layer and a copper plate that is the base of the copper layer, the superposed material is pressed through a rolling roll, and the obtained press contact material It is manufactured by subjecting to a diffusion annealing. Since the aluminum plate and the copper plate improve the press contact property, an annealed material is usually used. During the diffusion annealing, a brittle intermetallic compound layer formed of an Al—Cu intermetallic compound is inevitably formed at the boundary between the aluminum layer and the copper layer. When the annealing temperature is 350 ° C.
- the formation and growth of the intermetallic compound layer becomes remarkable, so that it becomes difficult to control the thickness of the intermetallic compound layer by adjusting the holding time, and the bonding strength between the aluminum layer and the copper layer. Deteriorates. For this reason, conventionally, when an aluminum layer and a copper layer are directly joined, diffusion annealing has been performed under annealing conditions that are maintained at a low temperature of 300 ° C. or lower for several hours.
- an aluminum copper clad material obtained by diffusion bonding an aluminum layer and a copper layer by diffusion annealing at a low temperature has a problem that sufficient bonding strength cannot be obtained.
- an aluminum copper clad material that can be diffusion-annealed at a high temperature and has good bonding strength between the aluminum layer and the copper layer is disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 62-46278 (Patent Document 1) and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-15695 ( This is proposed in Patent Document 2).
- This clad plate is obtained by subjecting an aluminum layer and a copper layer to pressure contact with each other through a nickel layer and performing diffusion annealing.
- the pressure contact material in which the aluminum layer, nickel layer and copper layer are laminated can be diffusion-annealed at high temperature, and diffusion The bonding strength of the annealed clad material is also improved.
- the aluminum copper clad material provided with the nickel layer can obtain good bonding strength between the aluminum layer and the copper layer if the holding time is appropriate even at a high temperature of about 500 ° C. for diffusion annealing.
- nickel it is necessary to provide an originally unnecessary nickel layer, and nickel has problems that it is inferior in conductivity and thermal conductivity as compared with aluminum and copper and is expensive.
- the present invention has been made in view of such problems, and is capable of diffusion annealing at a high temperature, and without being provided with a nickel layer, an aluminum copper clad material excellent in bondability between an aluminum layer and a copper layer, and the production thereof It aims to provide a method.
- the inventor directly press-contacts the aluminum layer and the copper layer, and by observing the structure of the interface portion between the aluminum layer and the copper layer in detail using an electron microscope, for the clad material diffusion-bonded at a low temperature, The reason why the bonding strength between the aluminum layer and the copper layer was not sufficient was investigated.
- the intermetallic compound layer can be formed relatively thin, but there is a continuous thin film of aluminum oxide along the bonding interface in the intermetallic compound layer. It has been found that the aluminum layer and the copper layer are easy to peel along this continuous film.
- the aluminum oxide film was presumed to be caused by aluminum oxide generated by natural oxidation on the surface of an aluminum plate used as a material for the aluminum layer when the clad material was manufactured. Based on the above knowledge, the present invention has been completed with the idea that the joining strength can be improved by dividing and dispersing the continuous film of aluminum oxide.
- the aluminum copper clad material of the present invention is an aluminum copper clad material in which an aluminum layer and a copper layer are diffusion-bonded through an Al—Cu intermetallic compound layer, and the center of the copper layer in the thickness direction.
- the average crystal grain size of the crystal grains in the portion is Dcc
- the average crystal grain size in the vicinity of the interface in the copper layer 0.5 ⁇ m away from the interface between the copper layer and the intermetallic compound layer is Dcs ⁇ Dcs ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ Dcc, preferably Dcs ⁇ 0.4 ⁇ Dcc
- the average thickness of the intermetallic compound layer is 0.5 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, preferably 1.0 ⁇ m to 5.0 ⁇ m. .
- the average crystal grain size of the crystal grains at the center in the thickness direction of the aluminum layer is Dac, and the interface between the aluminum layer and the intermetallic compound layer
- the average crystal grain size in the vicinity of the interface in the aluminum layer separated by 0.5 ⁇ m is Das, it is possible to satisfy Das ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ Dac, preferably Das ⁇ 0.4 ⁇ Dac.
- the intermetallic compound layer is set to a predetermined thickness that does not deteriorate the bonding strength.
- the average crystal grain size Dcs in the vicinity of the copper layer interface is Dcs ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ Dcc, preferably Dcs ⁇ 0.4 ⁇ Dcc, or the average crystal grain size Das in the vicinity of the aluminum layer interface is Das ⁇ 0. 5 ⁇ Dac, preferably Das ⁇ 0.4 ⁇ Dac. That is, the crystal grains are refined at a predetermined ratio at the interface between the copper layer and the intermetallic compound layer or between the aluminum layer and the intermetallic compound layer as compared with the crystal grains in the central portion of the copper layer or the aluminum layer.
- the annealing temperature during diffusion annealing is not limited to a low temperature.
- the aluminum layer may be formed of pure aluminum or an aluminum alloy having a conductivity of 10% IACS or more
- the copper layer may be formed of pure copper or a copper alloy having a conductivity of 10% IACS or more.
- the conductivity of the clad material can be improved.
- the thicknesses of the aluminum layer and the copper layer can be 0.1 to 2 mm, respectively.
- the manufacturing method of this invention is a manufacturing method of the said aluminum copper clad material, Comprising: The preparatory process which prepares the aluminum plate which becomes the origin of the said aluminum layer, and the copper plate which becomes the origin of the said copper layer, and the prepared aluminum A pressure welding step in which the plate and the copper plate are overlapped and pressure-welded, and a diffusion annealing step in which the pressure-welded pressure-welded material is diffusion-annealed, and an average surface hardness of the pressure-contact side surface of the copper plate is Hc (Hv), When the average surface hardness of the material is Hca (Hv), Hc ⁇ 1.6 ⁇ Hca, preferably Hc ⁇ 1.7 ⁇ Hca, and the diffusion annealing is performed at an annealing temperature T (° C.) of 150 ° C.
- tmin ⁇ 0.19 ⁇ T + 86
- the conditions for the diffusion annealing are preferably such that the annealing temperature T (° C.) is 300 ° C. to 550 ° C., and the annealing time t (min) is in a range satisfying the following formula.
- the average surface hardness of the pressure contact side surface of the copper layer is Ha (Hv)
- the average surface hardness of the fully annealed material of the aluminum plate is Haa (Hv )
- Ha ⁇ 1.6 ⁇ Haa preferably Ha ⁇ 1.7 ⁇ Haa.
- the pressure hardness on the pressure contact side of a copper plate or an aluminum plate is set to Hc ⁇ 1.6 ⁇ Hca or Ha ⁇ 1.6 ⁇ Haa.
- Metal having fine crystal grains formed in the vicinity of the interface between the copper layer and the aluminum layer so as to satisfy Dcs ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ Dcc or Das ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ Dac and having a thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m
- An intermetallic compound layer can be formed.
- the annealing temperature T (° C.) is more preferably 450 ° C. or higher and 550 ° C. or lower in terms of productivity. By setting such a relatively high annealing temperature, the annealing time can be shortened, and the productivity can be improved.
- the aluminum plate may be formed of pure aluminum or an aluminum alloy having a conductivity of 10% IACS or more, and the copper plate may be formed of pure copper or a copper alloy having a conductivity of 10% IACS or more. A good clad material can be manufactured.
- fine crystal grains are formed so as to satisfy a predetermined grain size ratio.
- the crystal grains that make up the intermetallic compound layer during diffusion annealing also have fine and random crystal orientations, and the continuous film of aluminum oxide that has existed in the conventional intermetallic compound is divided and dispersed. can get.
- the cladding material can be easily manufactured over a wide range of diffusion annealing temperatures from 150 ° C to 550 ° C.
- the outstanding productivity can be obtained by performing diffusion annealing on the high temperature side of 450 degreeC or more.
- the clad material is formed by press-contacting an aluminum layer 1 and a copper layer 2 and performing diffusion annealing to perform diffusion bonding.
- an intermetallic compound layer 3 made of an Al—Cu based intermetallic compound mainly composed of Al and Cu is formed during diffusion bonding.
- the intermetallic compound layer 3 has an average thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, preferably 1.0 ⁇ m to 5.0 ⁇ m.
- the plate thickness of the clad material is determined as necessary.
- the aluminum layer 1 and the copper layer 2 are each set to about 0.1 mm to 2 mm. In many cases, both layers are set to substantially the same thickness.
- the central portion in the thickness direction of the copper layer 2 is referred to as a copper layer central portion, and a portion 0.5 ⁇ m away from the interface between the copper layer 2 and the intermetallic compound layer 3 toward the copper layer side is referred to as a copper layer interface vicinity portion.
- the central portion of the aluminum layer 1 in the thickness direction is referred to as an aluminum layer central portion, and a portion 0.5 ⁇ m away from the interface between the aluminum layer 1 and the intermetallic compound layer 3 toward the aluminum layer is near the aluminum layer interface. This is called the department.
- the average crystal grain size in the central portion of the copper layer is represented by Dcc
- Dcs the average crystal grain size in the vicinity of the copper layer interface
- the average crystal grain size in the central portion of the aluminum layer is represented by Dac
- the average crystal grain size in the vicinity of the aluminum layer interface is represented by Das.
- the clad material according to the embodiment satisfies Dcs ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ Dcc, preferably Dcs ⁇ 0.4 ⁇ Dcc.
- Das ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ Dac, preferably Das ⁇ 0.4 ⁇ Dac may be satisfied.
- both the aluminum layer 1 and the copper layer 2 may satisfy the particle size conditions of Dcs and Das.
- the reason why the vicinity of the copper layer interface is set at a position 0.5 ⁇ m away from the interface is to avoid the influence of the interface when measuring the crystal grain size.
- the average crystal grain is determined from an average value of equivalent circle diameters of the crystal grains.
- the equivalent circle diameter means a diameter of a circle assuming a crystal grain of a circular grain boundary having an area equal to the area of the crystal grain observed with a microscope.
- the procedure for measuring the average crystal grain size will be described below using the copper layer 2 as an example.
- An observation piece having a width of 10 mm was taken from the clad material, and as shown in FIG. 2, it was 0 on the center line (C1) of the thickness L of the copper layer 2 and from the interface line between the copper layer 2 and the intermetallic compound layer 3.
- the average value of the equivalent circle diameter is Dcc.
- an observation visual field having a width of 10 ⁇ m is defined so as to include the interface vicinity line C2, and the grain size of a crystal grain having a grain boundary intersecting with the interface vicinity line C2 is obtained as an equivalent circle diameter and included in the entire field of view.
- Dcs be the average value of equivalent circle diameters of crystal grains.
- the average thickness of the intermetallic compound layer 3 is the average value of the thicknesses measured at five observation sites set in the width direction, excluding the ends, as in the measurement of the average crystal grain size.
- the grain size (equivalent circle diameter) and the average value of the crystal grains in the central part and in the vicinity of the interface can be obtained by analyzing the image observed with a TEM (transmission electron microscope) using computer software.
- the average crystal grain size Dcs in the vicinity of the copper layer interface is set to Dcs ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ Dcc, preferably Dcs ⁇ 0.4 ⁇ Dcc, as described above. That is, the particle size ratio Dcs / Dcc in the vicinity of the interface with respect to the center is 0.5 or less, preferably 0.4 or less.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional view when the interface portion of the copper layer 3 is not miniaturized.
- the aluminum oxide continuous film F present in the intermetallic compound layer 3 remains without being divided. For this reason, the aluminum layer 1 and the copper layer 2 are easily peeled off, and the bonding strength is deteriorated.
- the thickness of the intermetallic compound layer 3 also affects the bonding strength. If the thickness of the intermetallic compound layer 3 is as small as less than 0.5 mm, the growth of the intermetallic compound is insufficient during the diffusion annealing, the continuous film of aluminum oxide is not sufficiently divided, and the bonding strength is deteriorated. Become. On the other hand, when the thickness exceeds 10 ⁇ m, the intermetallic compound is a brittle material, and microcracks generated in the intermetallic compound layer tend to be continuous cracks, so that the bonding strength also deteriorates. Therefore, the thickness of the intermetallic compound layer 3 is set to 0.5 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, preferably 1.0 to 7.5 ⁇ m, more preferably 1.0 to 5.0 ⁇ m.
- an Al alloy containing 50 mass% or more of Al can be used.
- the clad material is a conductive material, it is desirable to use pure Al or an Al alloy having a conductivity of 10% IACS or more, preferably 20% or more as the aluminum material.
- % IACS International Annealed Copper Standard
- the conductivity (% IACS) of a material is calculated by the following formula. For example, pure Cu is 100% and pure Al is 65%.
- Conductivity (% IACS) (A / B) ⁇ 100
- B Volume resistivity of a certain material
- the aluminum material having good conductivity is preferably 90 mass% (hereinafter simply referred to as “%”) or more, more preferably 95.
- % aluminum materials of A1050, A1060, A1070, A1080, A1100, A1200, A3003, A5005, A5052, A6063, and A6101 specified in JIS can be exemplified.
- the A5005 alloy is a solid solution strengthened alloy of Al- (0.5 to 1.1%) Mn and has a conductivity of 52%.
- a Cu alloy containing 50 mass% or more of Cu can be used in addition to pure Cu.
- the copper material is preferably pure Cu such as oxygen-free copper, tough pitch copper, or phosphorus deoxidized copper, or a Cu alloy having a conductivity of 10% or more, preferably 20% or more. Since the Cu alloy has a higher conductivity as the Cu content is higher, a Cu alloy with a Cu content of preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more is desirable.
- Cu alloys examples include C1020, C1100, C1201, and C14500 Cu alloys specified in JIS, as well as Cu—Be alloys and Cu—Cr alloys that conform to JISZ3234 (copper alloy electrode material).
- Other applicable Cu alloys include Cu-2% Ni alloy (conductivity 33%), Cu-6% Ni alloy (conductivity 17%), Cu-9.5% Ni alloy (conductivity 11%), Cu-30% Zn alloy (conductivity 27.4%), Cu-34% Zn alloy (conductivity 26.5%), Cu-Fe-P (Fe + P: 0.13%) alloy (conductivity 93%) Cu-Fe-P (Fe + P: 2.48%) alloy (conductivity 69%), Cu-0.2% Zr alloy (conductivity 93%).
- an aluminum plate as a base for the aluminum layer 1 and a copper plate as a base for the copper layer 2 are prepared (this step is referred to as a preparation step).
- the prepared aluminum plate and the copper plate are overlapped, and the overlapped material is passed through a rolling roll and pressed and pressed (this step is referred to as a pressing step).
- the pressing is performed by one rolling, and the rolling reduction is about 45 to 70%, preferably 50 to 60%.
- the pressure contact material is subjected to diffusion annealing (this process is called diffusion annealing process).
- the surface hardness of the pressure-contact side surface of the copper plate prepared in the preparation step is increased. That is, Hc ⁇ ⁇ 1.6 ⁇ Hca, preferably Hc ⁇ 1.
- Hc (Hv) is the average surface hardness of the bonding side surface of the copper plate
- Hca (Hv) is the average surface hardness of the fully annealed material of the copper plate. 7 ⁇ Hca, more preferably Hc ⁇ 1.8 ⁇ Hca.
- Hc is less than 1.6 ⁇ Hca, crystal grain refinement at the joint side interface portion is insufficient, and as a result, it becomes difficult to refine the intermetallic compound layer during diffusion annealing, and the cladding material is joined. Strength decreases.
- the fully annealed material refers to a state in which the working strain introduced into the material has completely disappeared by recrystallization, and the complete anneal is, for example, 3 of the melting point (temperature at which a liquid phase is generated) of a copper material that uses the annealing temperature. / 4 and the retention time is about 3 minutes.
- the reason why Hc is defined with respect to Hca of the fully annealed material is that the hardness of the base differs depending on the type of copper material forming the copper plate, and the surface hardness value to be secured also differs. Specifically, when the material of the copper plate is pure Cu (Cu ⁇ 99.9%), the average surface hardness of the copper plate completely annealed at 812 ° C.
- the average surface of the bonding side surface of the aluminum plate is the same as the case where the bonding interface portion of the copper layer is made fine.
- Ha hardness
- Haa average surface hardness of the fully annealed aluminum plate
- Ha ⁇ 1.6 ⁇ Haa preferably Ha ⁇ 1.7 ⁇ Haa, more preferably Hc ⁇ It may be 1.8 ⁇ Hca.
- the material of the aluminum plate is pure Al (Al ⁇ 99.5%)
- the average surface hardness of the aluminum plate completely annealed at 495 ° C. for 3 minutes is about Hv20.
- Ha may be set to Hv32 or higher, preferably Hv34 or higher, more preferably Hv36.
- the annealing temperature of the diffusion annealing is 150 ° C. to 550 ° C.
- the temperature is lower than 150 ° C., the formation and growth of the intermetallic compound layer is remarkably reduced, and the intermetallic compound layer having a necessary thickness cannot be obtained.
- the temperature exceeds 550 ° C., the growth of the intermetallic compound becomes remarkable, so that it becomes difficult to control the thickness, and an intermetallic compound layer having a predetermined thickness cannot be obtained.
- the tendency for the crystal grain in a junction side interface part to coarsen arises.
- a preferable annealing temperature is 300 ° C. to 550 ° C., more preferably 450 ° C. to 550 ° C.
- the holding time t (min) at the annealing temperature (T ° C.) is given by the following equation. This equation is obtained by subjecting a pressure-bonding material in which an aluminum plate and a copper plate are pressed to each other to diffusion annealing at various holding times (annealing time) at an annealing temperature of 150 ° C. to 550 ° C. The result is obtained. If it is less than tmin, the thickness of the intermetallic compound layer becomes insufficient. On the other hand, if it exceeds tmax, the thickness of the intermetallic compound layer becomes excessive, and the crystal grains become coarse.
- tmax and tmin are preferably set so as to satisfy the following formulas.
- the annealing temperature is preferably 300 ° C. to 550 ° C., more preferably 450 ° C. to 550 ° C.
- Table 1 shows the average surface hardness on the pressure contact side of the base plate before press contact with the material of the base plate (aluminum plate, copper plate) for the clad material of each sample.
- the average surface hardness marked with “*” is obtained by cold rolling a fully annealed material to harden the surface.
- the average surface hardness is an average value of the surface hardness measured at five measurement sites provided at equal intervals in the plate width direction excluding the end portion.
- the measurement load of the surface hardness (Vickers hardness) was 300 g.
- the symbol (number) of the aluminum material of the base plate shown in Table 1 is a material symbol defined in JIS, “A1050” is pure Al (Al: 99.50 mass%), “A3003” is a corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy (Al: 96.75 mass%), “A5052” is a corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy (Al: 95.75 mass%), and “A2014” is a high-strength aluminum alloy (Al: 90.25 mass%).
- the symbols of the copper materials are “OFC” for oxygen-free copper, “TPC” for tough pitch copper, “PDC” for phosphorus deoxidized copper, and brass for Zn content of 30%.
- the pressure contact material was subjected to diffusion annealing under the conditions shown in Table 1 to obtain a clad material.
- the annealing conditions are shown in the graph of FIG.
- “ ⁇ ” indicates an example that satisfies the invention conditions
- “X” indicates an example that does not satisfy the invention conditions.
- the annealing temperature T (° C.) is used as a variable, and the upper limit formula A1, the lower limit formula A2 (where t ⁇ 0.5), the preferred upper limit formula B1, and the preferred lower limit formula for the annealing time t (min) shown below.
- a straight line indicating B2 (however, t ⁇ 1.0) is also described.
- A1 ⁇ 1.03 ⁇ T + 567
- A2 ⁇ 0.19 ⁇ T + 86
- the length of the laminated portion W in which both layers are joined to the central portion in the length direction of the aluminum layer 1 and the copper layer 2 is 1 mm.
- a tensile test piece having a slit S having a width of 0.25 mm was manufactured.
- the tensile test piece was pulled at a speed of 1 mm / min until it broke, and the bonding strength per 1 cm width and the fracture site were examined.
- peeling in the breaking mode means peeling at the bonding interface portion of the laminated portion W and breaking
- Al breaking means breaking at the slit portion of the aluminum layer.
- Specimen No. 2 was obtained by curing the pressure-contact surface of the aluminum plate. However, since the degree of curing is too small, Das / Dac is larger than 0.5. For this reason, good bondability was not obtained, and peeling occurred at the bonding interface. Similarly, Sample No. 5 also had insufficient curing on the pressure-contacting surface of the copper plate, resulting in a decrease in bonding strength and peeling at the interface. Sample Nos. 16 and 17 sufficiently cured the pressure-contact surface of the copper plate, but the diffusion annealing conditions were inappropriate, so the thickness of the intermetallic compound layer was too small or too large. It broke.
- the thickness of the intermetallic compound layer is in the range of 0.5 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m and Das / Dac or Dcs / Dcc, or Das / Dac and Dcs / Dcc is 0. Since it was 5 or less, the joining strength was 392 N / cm or more, all the fractures occurred in the aluminum layer, and no peeling occurred at the joining interface.
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Abstract
Description
tmin ≦t≦tmax
tmax =-1.03×T+567
-0.19×T+86<0.5のとき、tmin =0.5
-0.19×T+86≧0.5のとき、tmin =-0.19×T+86
tmin ≦t≦tmax
tmax =-0.90×T+478
-0.36×T+168<1のとき、tmin =1.0
-0.36×T+168≧1.0のとき、tmin =-0.36×T+168
2 銅層
3 金属間化合物層
導電率(%IACS)=(A/B)×100
A:標準軟銅(純銅)の体積抵抗率(1.7241μΩ・cm)
B:ある材料の体積抵抗率
tmin ≦t≦tmax
tmax =-1.03×T+567
-0.19×T+86<0.5のとき、tmin =0.5
-0.19×T+86≧0.5のとき、tmin =-0.19×T+86
tmax =-0.90×T+478
-0.36×T+168<1のとき、tmin =1.0
-0.36×T+168≧1.0のとき、tmin =-0.36×T+168
A1=-1.03×T+567
A2=-0.19×T+86
B1=-0.90×T+478
B2=-0.36×T+168
Claims (12)
- アルミニウム層と銅層とがAl-Cu系金属間化合物層を介して拡散接合されたアルミニウム銅クラッド材であって、
前記銅層の厚さ方向の中心部における結晶粒の平均結晶粒径をDccとし、前記銅層と金属間化合物層との界面から0.5μm 離れた銅層内の界面近傍部の平均結晶粒径をDcsとするとき、Dcs≦0.5×Dccとされ、かつ前記金属間化合物層の平均厚さが0.5μm ~10μm とされた、アルミニウム銅クラッド材。 - 前記界面近傍部の平均結晶粒径Dcsが、Dcs≦0.4×Dccとされた、請求項1に記載したアルミニウム銅クラッド材。
- アルミニウム層と銅層とがAl-Cu系金属間化合物層を介して接合されたアルミニウム銅クラッド材であって、
前記アルミニウム層の厚さ方向の中心部における結晶粒の平均結晶粒径をDacとし、前記アルミニウム層と金属間化合物層との界面から0.5μm 離れたアルミニウム層内の界面近傍部の平均結晶粒径をDasとするとき、Das≦0.5×Dacとされ、かつ前記金属間化合物層の平均厚さが0.5μm ~10μm とされた、アルミニウム銅クラッド材。 - 前記界面近傍部の平均結晶粒径Dasが、Das≦0.4×Dacとされた、請求項3に記載したアルミニウム銅クラッド材。
- 前記金属間化合物層の厚さが1.0μm ~5.0μm とされた、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載したアルミニウム銅クラッド材。
- 前記アルミニウム層は純アルミニウム又は導電率が10%IACS以上のアルミニウム合金で形成され、前記銅層は純銅又は導電率が10%IACS以上の銅合金で形成された、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載したアルミニウム銅クラッド材。
- 前記アルミニウム層および銅層の厚さがそれぞれ0.1mm~2mmである、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載したアルミニウム銅クラッド材。
- アルミニウム層と銅層とがAl-Cu系金属間化合物層を介して接合されたアルミニウム銅クラッド材の製造方法であって、
前記アルミニウム層の元になるアルミニウム板と前記銅層の元になる銅板とを準備する準備工程と、準備したアルミニウム板と銅板とを重ね合わせて圧接する圧接工程と、圧接した圧接材を拡散焼鈍する拡散焼鈍工程を備え、
前記銅板の圧接側表面の平均表面硬度をHc (Hv)とし、前記銅板の完全焼鈍材の平均表面硬度をHca(Hv)とするとき、Hc ≧1.6×Hcaとし、
前記拡散焼鈍は、焼鈍温度T(℃)を150℃~550℃とし、焼鈍時間t(min )を下記式を満足する範囲とする、アルミニウム銅クラッド材の製造方法。
tmin ≦t≦tmax
tmax =-1.03×T+567
-0.19×T+86<0.5のとき、tmin =0.5
-0.19×T+86≧0.5のとき、tmin =-0.19×T+86 - アルミニウム層と銅層とがAl-Cu系金属間化合物層を介して接合されたアルミニウム銅クラッド材の製造方法であって、
前記アルミニウム層の元になるアルミニウム板と前記銅層の元になる銅板とを準備する準備工程と、準備したアルミニウム板と銅板とを重ね合わせて圧接する圧接工程と、圧接した圧接材を拡散焼鈍する拡散焼鈍工程を備え、
前記アルミニウム板の圧接側表面の平均表面硬度をHa (Hv)とし、前記アルミニウム板の完全焼鈍材の平均表面硬度をHaa(Hv)とするとき、Ha ≧1.6×Haaとし、
前記拡散焼鈍は、焼鈍温度T(℃)を150℃~550℃とし、焼鈍時間t(min )を下記式を満足する範囲とする、アルミニウム銅クラッド材の製造方法。
tmin ≦t≦tmax
tmax =-1.03×T+567
-0.19×T+86<0.5のとき、tmin =0.5
-0.19×T+86≧0.5のとき、tmin =-0.19×T+86 - 焼鈍温度T(℃)を300℃~550℃とし、焼鈍時間t(min )を下記式を満足する範囲とする、請求項8又は9に記載したアルミニウム銅クラッド材の製造方法。
tmin ≦t≦tmax
tmax =-0.90×T+478
-0.36×T+168<1.0のとき、tmin =1.0
-0.36×T+168≧1.0のとき、tmin =-0.36×T+168 - 前記焼鈍温度T(℃)を450℃以上、550℃以下とする、請求項8から10のいずれか一項に記載したアルミニウム銅クラッド材の製造方法。
- 前記アルミニウム板は純アルミニウム又は導電率が10%IACS以上のアルミニウム合金で形成され、前記銅板は純銅又は導電率が10%IACS以上の銅合金で形成された、請求項8から11のいずれか一項に記載したアルミニウム銅クラッド材の製造方法。
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| JP2011549362A JP4961512B2 (ja) | 2010-06-08 | 2011-06-02 | アルミニウム銅クラッド材 |
| HK13104733.9A HK1177716B (en) | 2010-06-08 | 2011-06-02 | Aluminum copper clad material and manufacturing method thereof |
| US13/701,677 US9266188B2 (en) | 2010-06-08 | 2011-06-02 | Aluminum copper clad material |
| KR1020127029610A KR101276496B1 (ko) | 2010-06-08 | 2011-06-02 | 알루미늄 구리 클래드재 |
| CN201180027789.4A CN102947043B (zh) | 2010-06-08 | 2011-06-02 | 铝铜复合材料及其制造方法 |
| US14/991,255 US9890438B2 (en) | 2010-06-08 | 2016-01-08 | Aluminum copper clad material |
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| US14/991,255 Division US9890438B2 (en) | 2010-06-08 | 2016-01-08 | Aluminum copper clad material |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| US9266188B2 (en) | 2016-02-23 |
| CN102947043B (zh) | 2014-04-23 |
| JP4961512B2 (ja) | 2012-06-27 |
| US9890438B2 (en) | 2018-02-13 |
| JPWO2011155379A1 (ja) | 2016-05-26 |
| KR20120140258A (ko) | 2012-12-28 |
| HK1177716A1 (en) | 2013-08-30 |
| KR101276496B1 (ko) | 2013-06-18 |
| US20130071686A1 (en) | 2013-03-21 |
| US20160122842A1 (en) | 2016-05-05 |
| CN102947043A (zh) | 2013-02-27 |
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