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WO2011153818A1 - 一种原料预热射击加料系统 - Google Patents

一种原料预热射击加料系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011153818A1
WO2011153818A1 PCT/CN2011/000799 CN2011000799W WO2011153818A1 WO 2011153818 A1 WO2011153818 A1 WO 2011153818A1 CN 2011000799 W CN2011000799 W CN 2011000799W WO 2011153818 A1 WO2011153818 A1 WO 2011153818A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
raw material
furnace
silo
feeding system
preheating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2011/000799
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
于树金
任勇
边仁杰
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HEBEI WENFENG STEEL AND IRON CO Ltd
Original Assignee
HEBEI WENFENG STEEL AND IRON CO Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201010196693A external-priority patent/CN101851696B/zh
Priority claimed from CN2010202227040U external-priority patent/CN201704352U/zh
Application filed by HEBEI WENFENG STEEL AND IRON CO Ltd filed Critical HEBEI WENFENG STEEL AND IRON CO Ltd
Publication of WO2011153818A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011153818A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/46—Details or accessories
    • C21C5/466—Charging device for converters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/0033—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge charging of particulate material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
    • C21C5/32—Blowing from above
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/38—Removal of waste gases or dust
    • C21C5/40—Offtakes or separating apparatus for converter waste gases or dust

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a raw material preheating shot feeding system, which is especially used for an oxygen top blowing converter. Background technique
  • the raw material addition system of the existing oxygen top-blown steel converter is analyzed, wherein the raw material inlet is disposed at the lower side of the flue.
  • the disadvantage of this arrangement is that the raw material falls obliquely in the reverse direction of the rapidly rising airflow, so that the kinetic energy of the falling material is unevenly offset by the rising airflow, so that the stable parabolic trajectory cannot be maintained to the high temperature of the strong airflow stirring.
  • the zone but a part of the S-shaped curved trajectory, drifts to the low-temperature weak agitation zone of the furnace wall and forms a slag bond accumulation in this zone, which is not easy to melt, thereby causing uneven slag concentration and segregation in the entire furnace cavity, and
  • the slag speed is slow, does not meet the basic technical requirements of converter steelmaking early slag, good slag, and slag permeable slag, affecting dephosphorization, desulfurization effect and production capacity, especially not suitable for slag operation of small converter double low temperature dephosphorization smelting , thus affecting the quality of production and smelting.
  • the presence of the raw material inlet port has a certain blocking effect on the circulation of the cooling water of the hood structure, resulting in uneven cooling, causing overheating in the local area of the flue, uneven interlocking stress, water leakage, short service life, etc. .
  • the material feeding port makes the manufacturing process of the flue complicated and the manufacturing cost is high; 2)
  • the small and medium-sized converter has a narrow space, and the maintenance area has a high temperature and environment. It is very bad, and the narrow slope of the feeding port is easy to block the leakage. The average leakage of 2-3 kg/ton of steel is extremely difficult to solve.
  • the invention provides a raw material preheating and shooting feeding system capable of solving the above problems, the raw material preheating and shooting feeding system greatly improves the smelting efficiency and the smelting quality, and has the advantages of simple structure and low cost.
  • the present invention provides such a preheating shot feeding system, particularly for use in an oxygen top-blown converter, comprising: at least one shooter for initializing a feed tube to an oxygen top-blown converter (ie, so-called Small flue)
  • the material injected inside is accelerated and uniformly mixed, the at least one shot is disposed on the inner wall of the initial section of the feed pipe, or is disposed above the initial section of the feed pipe; the spiral ingredient chute Provided above the initial section of the feed pipe; and a raw material bin, a raw material heating furnace and a metering hopper; wherein a discharge opening of the weighing hopper is opposite to the dosing chute, and a center line of the dosing chute is The tangential line of the initial section of the feed tube is parallel or tangentially coincident.
  • the firer comprises a combustion device, a combustion chamber and a Lafar nozzle, wherein fuel injected into the initial section of the feed pipe enters from within the combustion device. Further preferably, the fuel used by the firer is burned by the fuel injected into the initial section of the feed pipe and having the ignition temperature, and then combusted into the combustion chamber to achieve ignition, and then the fuel
  • the material bin and the feedstock furnace are separately fed to the metering hopper or simultaneously to the metering hopper.
  • the raw material heating furnace is a drum furnace
  • the drum furnace may include: a drum shell and an end cover, the drum shell is disposed obliquely and driven to rotate by a motor reducer, The lower end is located on one side of the oxygen top blowing steel converter, and the upper end of the upper end is provided with a feeding port, the hopper is fixed on the higher end and the chute of the hopper faces the feeding port, the burner And an outlet chute is mounted on the upper end of the burner, the fire vent of the burner being opposite the center of the drum, the outlet chute being located at a lower portion of the end cap and aligned with the metering hopper.
  • the raw material heating furnace is a silo furnace
  • the silo furnace may include: a funnel-shaped silo configured to obliquely discharge; Controlling the amount of raw material in the silo; the spout; the shaped hopper, which is disposed at the lower portion of the funnel-shaped silo for receiving the discharge of the silo; and the secondary shutter for controlling the silo
  • the raw material discharge amount wherein the fire spout of the fire spout is facing the cavity of the shaped hopper and forms a secondary discharge port with the shaped hopper, and the secondary ram and the control board
  • the controlled output is equal
  • the shooter according to the present invention can also be used separately for an LF furnace (ladle refining furnace), an electric furnace or a mixed iron furnace or the like.
  • the shooter is disposed above a shooting tube and is in tangential communication with the shooting tube, the shooting tube has a curved section and is disposed in a ladle refining furnace, an electric furnace or a mixed iron furnace.
  • one of the hoppers is disposed above the firing tube and at a lower portion of the Lafar nozzle.
  • the present invention can be applied not only to an oxygen top-blown steel converter, but also to a metallizer, a mixed iron furnace, a granular metal magnesium desulfurization and molten iron pretreatment operation, and a ladle and a tundish according to the present invention. Liquid metal shot metallurgical operations of certain metals or alloys.
  • the kinetic energy of the raw material is accelerated into the molten steel to support the thermodynamics of the slag and slag involved in the chemical reaction.
  • the slagging speed is obviously 30-50 seconds faster than the existing feeding method (to recover the raw material to the gas concentration).
  • the standard time length calculation), the slag speed and chemical reaction speed are also faster than the existing methods.
  • the raw material can be heated to a certain temperature through the preheating drum or the silo furnace, which ensures that the raw material can melt at the moment of contact with the molten steel and the iron oxide, and dephosphorization and dehydration reaction occurs.
  • the mixed iron furnace is an ideal environment for desulfurization using granular metal magnesium.
  • the mixed iron furnace has a depth of molten iron of 4 to 5 meters or more.
  • the magnesium metal greatly improves the desulfurization efficiency.
  • the strength and operating cost of the existing desulfurization gun are difficult to achieve a depth of 3 to 4 meters below the molten iron, and the shooter in the embodiment of the present invention can shoot the particulate metal magnesium as long as the shooting speed is large enough.
  • the shooter used is equivalent to the rocket thruster, so the propulsion speed is easily multiplied by the speed of sound (theoretically greater than the speed of the universe), so the shooter can (equivalent to the bullet).
  • the granular magnesium metal is shot into the molten iron of 4-5 meters deep. So it can completely replace the desulfurization gun to take off Sulfur, and the size and investment of the shooter is less than one-tenth of that of the desulfurization gun, while the operating cost is less than one-third of the desulfurization gun.
  • the biggest advantage of preheating of raw materials is that it not only satisfies the purpose of rapid melting, but also compensates for the problem of insufficient physical heat in smelting and the problem of hydrogen in the steel caused by moisture in the raw materials.
  • the temperature range higher than that before the tapping is cooled by iron ore or sinter, oxygen in the iron ore or sinter (iron oxide) and in the steel.
  • Oxidation of carbon not only saves oxygen, but also directly adds iron ore or sinter to steel. It saves the process of high energy consumption in iron making and realizes direct steelmaking of iron ore or sinter. Process.
  • the structure of the hood is cylindrical, and the circulation of the cooling water is evenly cooled, so that the flue does not have problems such as water leakage due to uneven interlocking stress caused by uneven localized areas, and short service life.
  • the manufacturing process simplifies manufacturing costs.
  • the heating furnace can directly burn limestone into white ash as a raw material for smelting, omitting the production and transportation process of lime, simplifying the process and increasing the physical heat in the converter, and also solving the shortage of physical heat of the small and medium-sized converters. problem.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of a raw material preheating shot feeding system according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of a raw material preheating shot feeding system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is an A-direction view of the system shown in Figures 1 and 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a silo furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a shooter according to an embodiment of the present invention (wherein the shooter is used alone in an LF furnace, an electric furnace or a mixed iron furnace);
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of an oxygen top-blown converter with a material shooting system of the present invention
  • Figure 6 (b) is a schematic view showing the relationship between the initial stage of the feed tube and the position of the shooter in Figure 6 (a);
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the raw material preheating shot feeding system according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention. Schematic, wherein the shooter is placed above the initial section of the feed tube. detailed description
  • a feedstock preheating shot feeding system for an oxygen top-blown converter in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention, comprising: at least one firer 12 for making a blow to the oxygen top converter
  • the material injected in the initial section 13 of the tube i.e., the so-called "small flue" is accelerated and mixed, and the at least one shooter 12 is disposed on the inner wall of the initial section 13 of the feed tube, as shown in Fig. 6.
  • the shooter 12 includes a combustion device 23, a combustion chamber 26, and a Lafar nozzle 24, wherein fuel injected into the initial section 13 of the feed tube enters from within the combustion device 23.
  • the fuel used by the shooter 12 is burned by the fuel injected into the initial section 13 of the feed pipe and having the ignition temperature, and then combusted into the combustion chamber 26 to achieve ignition, and then the fuel is
  • the combustion chamber 26 is again injected after combustion to promote the acceleration of the feedstock, wherein the fuel flow at the time of ignition is about 5% to 15% of the normal flow rate or the pressure is less than about 1.
  • OMpa and the fuel is preferably high pressure 0 2 and high pressure. CH fuel source.
  • the raw material silo 5 and the raw material heating furnace 2 are separately supplied to the weighing hopper 9, or simultaneously to the weighing hopper 9.
  • the raw material heating furnace 2 is a drum furnace
  • the drum furnace may include: a drum shell and an end cover, the drum shell is disposed obliquely and driven to rotate by the motor reducer 8,
  • the lower end is located on one side of the oxygen top blowing steel converter, and the upper end of the upper end is provided with a feeding port, the hopper 1 is fixed on the higher end and the chute of the hopper 1 faces the feeding port
  • the burner 4 and the outlet chute 6 are mounted on the end cap 3 of the upper end, the burner port of the burner 4 faces the center of the drum, and the outlet chute 6 is located at the lower portion of the end cap 3 and
  • the metering hopper 9 is aligned.
  • the raw material heating furnace 2 is a silo furnace, as shown in FIG. 4, the silo furnace may include: a funnel-shaped silo 17 which is arranged to be obliquely discharged; a shutter 16 for controlling the amount of raw material discharged in the silo; a spout 19; a shaped hopper 20 disposed at a lower portion of the funnel-shaped silo 17 for receiving the discharge of the silo 17;
  • the sluice gate 21 is configured to control the amount of material discharged in the silo, wherein the blast port of the blast nozzle 19 faces the cavity of the shaped hopper 20 and forms a secondary discharge port with the shaped hopper 20 And the secondary interlayer plate 21 is equal to the discharge amount controlled by the control shutter 16.
  • the heating principle of the silo furnace is that the flame combustion heat flows through the gap flow of the raw material, gradually heating the raw material, and
  • the raw material preheating shot feeding system of the present invention will be described below with reference to Figs. 1 and 6(a). It should be understood that the following description with reference to FIG. 1 is merely exemplary and does not limit the scope of the invention.
  • the partially preheated raw material preferably further comprises lime (calcium oxide) Limestone (carbonic acid), strontium ore or sinter and pellets (main component iron oxide); then, the raw materials mixed together enter via the metering hopper 9 into the initial section 13 of the feed inlet, preferably located in the oxygen top-blown converter
  • the spiral chute 11 the raw material is rotatably dropped during the descending of the spiral chute 11 to obtain a certain centrifugal acceleration; then, the fuel, preferably the high pressure 0 2 and the high pressure CH fuel source, is introduced into
  • reaction gas is discharged through the flue 103 through the small hood 101 and the hood 102 in the furnace body, and after further subsequent treatment, it can be used for various purposes such as dust removal or use as a gas, and can also be used for preheating in the raw material heating furnace.
  • the shooter 12 may also be disposed above the initial section 13 of the feed tube, as shown in FIG.
  • the shooter according to the present invention can also be used separately for a ladle refining furnace, an electric furnace or a mixed iron furnace or the like.
  • the shot 12 is disposed on a firing tube 25 and communicates with the fire tube 25 in a tangential manner, the firing tube 25 with curved segment 15 and is disposed
  • the top of, for example, a ladle refining furnace one of the hoppers 14 is disposed above the firing tube 25 and at a lower portion of the Lafar nozzle 24.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Description

一种原料预热射击加料系统 技术领域
本发明涉及一种原料预热射击加料系统，该原料预热射击加料系统 尤其用于氧气顶吹转炉。 背景技术
目前， 中小转炉采用双联法冶炼时的热损失很大， 冶炼过程物理热 不足， 且综合计算比理想的出钢温度大约低 10-1210。 为了弥补这部分 热， 除加强保温外， 还可探索在炉温比较低时开始脱磷或考虑在冶炼前 期增加转炉内的物理热而减少使用燃烧热，尽可能多留些炭以用于最终 的升温。 然而， 众所周知， 不化好渣是不能进行脱磷的。 因此， 需要一 种系统能够在炉温比较低时就开始化好渣或快速化渣，尤其是对于中小 转炉而言。
首先， 分析现有氧气顶吹炼钢转炉的原料加入系统， 其中原料加入 口设置在烟道下侧位置。这种设置的缺点是： 原料是在快速上升的气流 的逆向方向上倾斜地下落，使得原料下降的动能被上升的气流不均匀地 抵消， 因此不能保持稳定的抛物线轨迹下落到强气流搅拌的高温区， 而 是部分形成 S形的曲线轨迹，向炉壁低温弱搅拌区漂移并在此区域形成 渣料粘结堆积，不易熔化，从而造成整个炉腔的熔渣浓度不均勾和偏析， 并且化渣速度慢， 不符合转炉炼钢早化渣、 化好渣、 化透渣的基本技术 要求， 影响脱磷、 脱硫效果和产能， 尤其不适应小转炉双联低温脱磷冶 炼的化渣操作， 从而影响产能和冶炼质量。
其次，原料加入口的存在对烟罩结构冷却水的循环有一定的阻挡作 用，造成冷却不均匀，使烟道的局部区域产生过热现象而连锁应力不均， 有易漏水、 使用寿命短等问题。
此外， 原料加入口设置在烟道侧下方还有两方面的缺陷： 1 ) 下料 口使烟道的制造工艺复杂， 制造成本高； 2 ) 中小转炉这个部位空间狭 窄，维修区域温度高、环境恶劣，而且下料口狭窄斜度小容易堵塞漏料， 平均漏料 2-3公斤 /吨钢， 是极难解决的问题。
因此， 需要设计一种新颖的原料加料系统。 发明内容
本发明提供一种能够解决上述问题的原料预热射击加料系统，该原 料预热射击加料系统极大地改善了冶炼效率和冶炼质量， 且结构简单、 成本低《
具体地，本发明提供这样一种尤其用于氧气顶吹转炉原料预热射击 加料系统， 其包括： 至少一个射击器， 用于使向氧气顶吹转炉的进料管 初始段（即， 所谓的小烟道） 内喷射的原料加速并混合均匀， 该至少一 个射击器被设置在所述进料管初始段的内壁上，或者被设置在所述进料 管初始段的上方；螺旋状配料溜槽，其被设置在所述进料管初始段上方； 以及原料仓、原料加热炉和计量斗； 其中所述计量斗的下料口与所述配 料溜槽相对，并且所述配料溜槽的中心线与所述进料管初始段切线平行 或切线重合。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中， 所述射击器包括燃烧装置、 燃烧 室和拉法尔喷管，其中向所述进料管初始段内喷射的燃料从燃烧装置内 进入。 进一步优选地， 所述射击器使用的燃料由喷射到进料管初始段内 具备点火温度的燃料燃烧后再回燃到所述燃烧室内实现点火，接着燃料
(优选为高压 02和高压 CH燃料源）在所述燃烧室燃烧后再次地喷射， 以推动原料加速； 点火时燃料流量为正常流量的约 5%-15%或压力小于 约 1. 0Mpa„
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中，所述原料仓和所述原料加热炉单 独向所述计量斗供料， 或者同时向所述计量斗供料。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中， 所述原料加热炉为滚筒炉， 并且 所述滚筒炉可包括： 滚筒壳和端盖， 所述滚筒壳倾斜地设置且由电机减 速机驱动旋转， 其较低的一端位于氧气顶吹炼钢转炉的一侧， 其较高一 端的端盖上设置有加料口，料斗被固定在该较高一端上且该料斗的溜槽 对着所述加料口， 烧嘴和出口溜槽被安装在该较高一端的端盖上， 所述 烧嘴的喷火口正对滚筒的中心，所述出口溜槽位于所述端盖的下部且与 所述计量斗对准。
在本发明的另一个优选实施方案中， 所述原料加热炉为料仓炉， 所 述料仓炉可包括： 漏斗形料仓， 其被设置为斜向出料； 控制闹板， 用于 控制料仓内的原料下料量； 喷火嘴； 异形料斗， 其被设置在所述漏斗形 料仓的下部， 用于接收料仓出料； 以及二级闸板， 用于控制料仓内的原 料出料量， 其中， 所述喷火嘴的喷火口正对所述异形料斗的斗腔且与该 异形料斗形成二级出料口，并且所述二级闸板与所述控制闹板所控制的 出料量相等，
优选地， 根据本发明的射击器还可以被单独地用于 LF炉 （钢包精 炼炉）、 电炉或混铁炉等。 在这种情况下， 所述射击器被设置在一个射 击管之上并与该射击管以切线方式连通，所述射击管带有弯曲段且被设 置在钢包精炼炉、 电炉或混铁炉的顶部， 其中一个加料斗被设置在所述 射击管上方且位于所述拉法尔喷管的下部。 有益效果
本发明的原料预热射击加料系统具有以下优点：
首先， 本发明不仅可用于氧气顶吹炼钢转炉， 而且根据本发明的射 击器还可以单独地被用于铁水罐、 混铁炉、颗粒金属镁脱硫及铁水预处 理操作以及钢包与中间包的钢液射击某些金属或合金的冶金操作。
其次，原料被加速射入钢液的动能支持熔渣和熔渣参与化学反应的 热力学的需求， 化渣速度比现有的加料方法明显要快 30-50秒（以投入 原料到煤气浓度达到回收标准时间长短计算）， 化渣速度和化学反应速 度也比现有方法要快。 此外， 原料经预热滚筒或料仓炉可被加热到一定 的温度， 保证了原料可在和钢水与氧化铁接触的瞬间融化并发生脱磷、 脱疏反应„
特别地， 混铁炉是利用颗粒金属镁脱硫的理想环境， 一般混铁炉都 具有 4- 5米以上的铁水深度，颗粒金属镁射击到这样的深度时， 镁金属 大改进了脱硫效率。 此外， 现有脱硫枪的强度和运行成本， 都难以实现 伸入到铁水 3- 4米以下的深度，而利用本发明实施方案中的射击器只要 射击速度足够大就能够把颗粒金属镁射击到 4-5米深的铁水里，其中采 用的射击器相当于火箭推进器，因此推进速度很容易成倍数的超过音速 (理论上大于宇宙速度）， 因此所述射击器能够把（相当于子弹的）颗 粒金属镁射击到 4-5米深的铁水里。所以完全可以替代脱硫枪来进行脱 硫， 且该射击器的体积和投资不足脱硫枪的十分之一， 同时运行成本不 足脱硫枪的三分之一。
原料预热的最大优点是不但满足快速融化的目的，而且还可弥补冶 炼中物理热不足的问题和原料潮湿使其含水造成钢中增氢的问题。尤其 是当由原料带入的物理热足够多的时候，出钢前高出的温度幅度用铁矿 石或烧结矿进行降温， 铁矿石或烧结矿（氧化铁）中的氧和钢中的碳发 生氧化反应， 不仅节约了氧气， 而且多加入的铁矿石或烧结矿被直接还 原成了钢， 省去了炼铁中高耗能的工艺过程， 实现了铁矿石或烧结矿直 接炼钢的工艺过程。
另外， 由于去掉了加料口的存在， 烟罩结构筒化， 冷却水的循环冷 却均匀，使烟道没有因局部区域产生过热现象使得连锁应力不均而导致 的易漏水、 使用寿命短等问题， 制造工艺简化制造成本降低。
再者， 加热炉可把石灰石直接烧制成白灰用作原料以进行冶炼， 省 略石灰的生产运输过程， 简化流程同时还增加转炉内的物理热， 也解决 了中小转炉双联冶炼物理热不足的问题。 附图说明
在下文中，本发明将通过非限制性的示例性实施方案参照附图来描 述， 在附图中， 相同的参考标号表示相同的部件或部分， 其中：
图 1 是根据本发明第一实施方案的原料预热射击加料系统的示意 图；
图 2 是根据本发明第二实施方案的原料预热射击加料系统的示意 图；
图 3是图 1、 图 2中所示系统的 A向视图；
图 4是根据本发明实施方案的料仓炉的结构示意图；
图 5是根据本发明实施方案的射击器的结构示意图（其中该射击器 被单独地用于 LF炉、 电炉或混铁炉） ；
图 6 )是带有本发明原料射击系统的氧气顶吹转炉的示意图； 图 6 ( b )是显示图 6 ( a ) 中进料管初始段和射击器位置关系的示 意图； 以及
图 7 是显示根据本发明替代实施方案的原料预热射击加料系统的 示意图， 其中射击器被设置在进料管初始段的上方。 具体实施方式
参考图 1， 示出了根据本发明第一实施方案的一种用于氧气顶吹转 炉的原料预热射击加料系统， 其包括： 至少一个射击器 12， 用于使向 氧气顶吹转炉的进料管初始段 13 (即， 所谓的 "小烟道" ） 内喷射的 原料加速并混合均勾， 该至少一个射击器 12被设置在所述进料管初始 段 13的内壁上， 如图 6 (b)最佳所示； 螺旋状配料溜槽 11 , 其被设置在 所述进料管初始段 13上方； 以及原料仓 5、 原料加热炉 2和计量斗 9; 其中所述计量斗 9的下料口与所述配料溜槽 11相对， 并且所述配料溜 槽 11的中心线与所述进料管初始段 13切线平行或切线重合，如图 3所 示。
优选地， 参考图 5， 所述射击器 12包括燃烧装置 23、 燃烧室 26和 拉法尔喷管 24 , 其中向所述进料管初始段 13内喷射的燃料从燃烧装置 23内进入。 参考图 5 , 优选地， 所述射击器 12使用的燃料由喷射到所 述进料管初始段 13内具备点火温度的燃料燃烧后再回燃到所述燃烧室 26内实现点火， 接着燃料在所述燃烧室 26燃烧后再次地喷射以推动原 料加速， 其中点火时燃料流量为正常流量的约 5%-15%或压力小于约 1. OMpa , 且所述燃料优选地是高压 02和高压 CH燃料源。
优选地，所述原料仓 5和所述原料加热炉 2单独向所述计量斗 9供 料， 或者同时向所述计量斗 9供料。
在图 1示出的优选实施方案中， 所述原料加热炉 2为滚筒炉， 该滚 筒炉可包括： 滚筒壳和端盖， 所述滚筒壳倾斜地设置且由电机减速机 8 驱动旋转， 其较低的一端位于氧气顶吹炼钢转炉的一侧， 其较高一端的 端盖上设置有加料口，料斗 1被固定在该较高一端上且该料斗 1的溜槽 对着所述加料口，烧嘴 4和出口溜槽 6被安装在该较高一端的端盖 3上， 所述烧嘴 4的喷火口正对滚筒的中心， 所述出口溜槽 6位于所述端盖 3 的下部且与所述计量斗 9对准。
参考图 2， 示出了本发明另一个优选实施方案的原料预热射击加料 系统。 在该另一优选实施方案中， 所述原料加热炉 2为料仓炉， 如图 4 所示， 该料仓炉可包括： 漏斗形料仓 17， 其被设置为斜向出料； 控制 闸板 16 , 用于控制料仓内的原料下料量； 喷火嘴 19; 异形料斗 20， 其 被设置在所述漏斗形料仓 17的下部， 用于接收料仓 17出料； 以及二级 闸板 21， 用于控制料仓内的原料出料量， 其中， 所述喷火嘴 19的喷火 口正对所述异形料斗 20的斗腔且与该异形料斗 20形成二级出料口，并 且所述二级间板 21与所述控制闸板 16所控制的出料量相等。这种料仓 炉的加热原理是火焰燃烧热通过原料的空隙流动换热， 逐渐加热原料， 具有体积小、 效率高且节能的优点。
下面参考图 1和图 6 (a) , 来描述本发明的原料预热射击加料系统 的工作原理。 应理解， 以下参考图 1的描述仅是示例性的， 并不限制本 发明的范围。 首先， 部分原料通过原料仓 5经由加料运输皮带 7进入计 量斗 9， 同时部分预热的原料经由原料加热炉 2也进入剂量斗 9 , 其中 该部分预热的原料还优选地包括石灰（氧化钙） 、 石灰石 （碳酸 ） 、 铗矿石或烧结矿及球团 （主要成分氧化铁）； 接着， 混合在一起的原料 经由计量斗 9进入优选地设在氧气顶吹转炉的进料口初始段 13上的螺 旋状溜槽 11 , 原料在螺旋状溜槽 11下降的过程中旋转地下落， 获得一 定的离心加速度； 然后， 燃料——优选为高压 02和高压 CH燃料源—— 被通入射击器 12 , 并在射击器 12中被加速射击， 进入所述进料口初始 段 13之内， 这使得原料能够在加速的同时充分且均勾地混合在一起， 能够抵抗氧气顶吹转炉内快速上升的气流， 再结合氧枪 10的氧气射流 吸引的作用， 使得原料在钢液内的反应更为有效地进行。反应气体在炉 体内经由小烟罩 101和烟罩 102通过烟道 103排出，进行进一步后续处 理后， 可用于除尘或作为煤气使用等多种用途， 也可以用于原料加热炉 内的预热。
在本发明的替代实施方案中， 所述射击器 12还可以被设置在所述 进料管初始段 13的上方，如图 7所示。
优选地， 根据本发明的射击器还可以被单独地用于钢包精炼炉、 电 炉或混铁炉等。 在这种情况下， 参见图 5， 所述射击器 12被设置在一 个射击管 25之上并与该射击管 25以切线方式连通， 所述射击管 25带 有弯曲段 15且被设置在例如钢包精炼炉的顶部，其中一个加料斗 14被 设置在所述射击管 25上方且位于所述拉法尔喷管 24的下部。
应理解， 在不偏离本发明的实质精神的情况下， 任何对于本发明的 改进、 变型或修改， 都旨在被包括在本发明所附的权利要求书的保护范 围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1.一种原料预热射击加料系统， 其特征在于， 包括：
至少一个射击器（ 12 ),用于使向氧气顶吹转炉的进料管初始段（ 13) 内喷射的原料加速并混合均勾， 该至少一个射击器（ 12 )被设置在所述 进料管初始段（13) 的内壁上， 或者被设置在所述进料管初始段（13) 的上方；
螺旋状配料溜槽（ 11 ) , 其被设置在所述进料管初始段（ 13 )上方； 以及
原料仓（5) 、 原料加热炉 （2)和计量斗 （9)；
其中所述计量斗（9) 的下料口与所述配料溜槽（11 )-相对， 并且 所述配料溜槽（11)的中心线与所述进料管初始段（13)切线平行或切 线重合。
2.根据权利要求 1所述的原料预热射击加料系统， 其特征在于： 所 述射击器（ 12 )包括燃烧装置（ 23 )、燃烧室（ 26 )和拉法尔喷管（ 24 )， 其中向所述进料管初始段（13)内喷射的燃料从燃烧装置（ 23)内进入。
3.根据权利要求 2所述的原料预热射击加料系统， 其特征在于： 所 述射击器（12)使用的燃料由喷射到所述进料管初始段（13) 内具备点 火温度的燃料燃烧后再回燃到所述燃烧室（26)内实现点火， 接着燃料 在所述燃烧室（26)燃烧后再次地喷射， 以推动原料加速； 点火时燃料 流量为正常流量的 5%-15%或压力小于 1.0Mpa。
4.根据权利要求 2或 3所述的原料预热射击加料系统，其特征在于： 所述燃料是高压 02和高压 CH燃料源。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的原料预热射击加料系统， 其特征在于： 所述原料仓（ 5 )和所述原料加热炉（ 2 )单独向所述计量斗（ 9 )供料， 或者同时向所述计量斗（9)供料。
6.根据权利要求 1所述的原料预热射击加料系统， 其特征在于： 所 述原料加热炉 （2) 为滚筒炉或料仓炉。
7.根据权利要求 1所述的原料预热射击加料系统， 其特征在于： 所 述原料加热炉 （2)为滚筒炉， 并且所述滚筒炉包括： 滚筒壳和端盖， 所述滚筒壳倾斜地设置且由电机减速机（8)驱动旋转， 其较低的一端 位于氧气顶吹炼钢转炉的一侧， 其较高一端的端盖上设置有加料口， 科 斗 （1)被固定在该较高一端上且该料斗（1) 的溜槽对着所述加料 烧嘴（4)和出口溜槽（6)被安装在该较高一端的端盖 （3)上，一所述 烧嘴（4)的喷火口正对滚筒的中心， 所述出口溜槽（6)位于所述端盖 ( 3 ) 的下部且与所述计量斗 （ 9 )对准。
8.根据权利要求 1所述的原料预热射击加料系统， 其特征在于： 所 述原料加热炉 （2)为料仓炉， 所述料仓炉包括：
漏斗形料仓（17) ， 其被设置为斜向出料；
控制闸板（16) ， 用于控制料仓内的原料下料量；
喷火嘴（19) ；
异形料斗（20) ， 其被设置在所述漏斗形料仓（17)的下部， 用于 接收料仓（17) 出料； 以及
二级闸板（21) ， 用于控制料仓内的原料出料量，
其中， 所述喷火嘴（19)的喷火口正对所述异形料斗（20)的斗腔 且与该异形料斗（ 20 )形成二级出料口， 并且所述二级闸板（ 21 )与所 述控制闸板（16)所控制的出料量相等。
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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JPH03140409A (ja) * 1989-10-27 1991-06-14 Nippon Steel Corp 加圧型転炉に於ける副原料投入装置
CN1280628A (zh) * 1997-12-03 2001-01-17 西德马公司 用于还原氧化铁和熔炼铁的方法及其装置
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