WO2011148669A1 - 大腸がんマーカービトロネクチン、及び採血試料中のビトロネクチン濃度の分析方法 - Google Patents
大腸がんマーカービトロネクチン、及び採血試料中のビトロネクチン濃度の分析方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011148669A1 WO2011148669A1 PCT/JP2011/051763 JP2011051763W WO2011148669A1 WO 2011148669 A1 WO2011148669 A1 WO 2011148669A1 JP 2011051763 W JP2011051763 W JP 2011051763W WO 2011148669 A1 WO2011148669 A1 WO 2011148669A1
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- vitronectin
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/574—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for cancer
- G01N33/57407—Specifically defined cancers
- G01N33/57419—Specifically defined cancers of colon
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
- G01N2333/435—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from animals; from humans
- G01N2333/78—Connective tissue peptides, e.g. collagen, elastin, laminin, fibronectin, vitronectin, cold insoluble globulin [CIG]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a colorectal cancer marker vitronectin and a method for analyzing the concentration of vitronectin in a collected blood sample (Colon Cancer Marker Vitronectin and Method A of Analyzing Vitronectin Concentration in Blood Collected Blood Specimen).
- the present invention relates to the field of clinical diagnosis in which colorectal cancer diagnosis and prognosis determination are performed.
- Blood tests can be performed as one of the methods for diagnosis, screening, and follow-up of colorectal cancer (CRC).
- CRC colorectal cancer
- cancer detection, progression estimation, and prognosis determination are made possible by measuring the concentration of a certain protein (cancer marker) present in the blood of a patient.
- cancer marker The marker for colorectal cancer is described in, for example, Anticancer Research, 2004, 24 (4), 2519-2530 (Non-patent Document 1).
- typical colon cancer markers include carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9). None of these markers is suitable as a “presence diagnosis marker” because the positive rate is particularly low in the early stage. However, it exhibits excellent performance as a “disease marker” used for follow-up after surgery, etc., and in Japan, insurance coverage for colorectal cancer patients is permitted.
- the ASCO American Society of Clinical Oncology recommends that CEA be used as a “disease marker” for prognosis, staging, and drug efficacy assessment rather than as a diagnostic marker.
- CA19-9 it is concluded that it is not suitable for use as a colorectal cancer marker alone because it is insufficiently supported by current data.
- the US FDA has also approved CEA as a colorectal cancer marker.
- CEA and CA19-9 are used as “disease markers” throughout the world, including Japan and the United States. It is because it is reflected in.
- the cancer state can be expressed, for example, by the difference in the degree of cancer progression determined by the total amount of cancer in the body and the degree of metastasis.
- these marker values exceeded the threshold value by blood test, the value decreased greatly after surgery (ie, returned to below the threshold value), and when the metastasis or recurrence occurred, these marker values increased. (Ie, above the threshold).
- Vitronectin is one of the extracellular matrix proteins produced in the liver and exhibits strong cell adhesion activity similar to fibronectin and laminin, and is thought to be involved in the blood coagulation system, fibrinolytic system, and complement immune system. .
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-14937 (Patent Document 1), it is reported that high expression of vitronectin is detected in a cancer site as compared with a non-cancer site in a large intestine tissue.
- CEA and CA19-9 concentrations in blood samples that exceed the threshold, and the cancer that can be monitored with these markers is at most 30- In the case of CA19-9, 60% is said to be 11-34% at most. In this way, CEA and CA19-9 are practically used as “disease markers”, but some of these marker values may not be positive depending on the colorectal cancer patient. In order to achieve observation, there is a strong demand in the clinical field for new markers that can be applied to many patients who are not applicable to these markers. Regarding CEA and CA19-9, there are also known examples in which the marker value varies depending on factors other than cancer.
- the present invention provides a “presence diagnosis marker” for detecting colorectal cancer, and a “disease marker” capable of complementing CEA and CA19-9, which can be used for actual use in clinical settings. With the goal.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a blood sample analysis method using these markers.
- the present inventors have found the effectiveness of measuring vitronectin in a collected blood sample and the usefulness of vitronectin as a disease state marker, presence diagnostic marker and prognostic marker, thereby completing the present invention.
- pathological marker refers to a tumor marker whose concentration increases with the progression of cancer pathology.
- the disease state marker can be used for the purpose of determining the degree of progression and observing the progress of a disease state for a cancer already known to be present.
- the “presence diagnosis marker” refers to a tumor marker whose concentration is higher when cancer is present than when it is absent.
- the presence diagnostic marker can be used for the purpose of identifying the presence or absence of cancer when the presence of cancer in the body is unknown.
- the presence diagnosis markers those whose blood concentration is increased from the early stage of cancer are preferable in that they are suitable for early diagnosis.
- the “prognostic marker” refers to a marker used for predicting the prognosis of a disease (for example, 5 years after the start of treatment) from a certain time (for example, the start of treatment).
- Vitronectin is used as a marker for colorectal cancer.
- Vitronectin is used as a diagnostic marker for colorectal cancer.
- Vitronectin is used as a prognostic marker for colorectal cancer.
- the following is directed to a method for analyzing the concentration of vitronectin in a blood sample.
- the measured value of vitronectin in the collected blood sample is compared with the reference value of vitronectin.
- the reference value of vitronectin includes a measured value of vitronectin obtained in another blood sample and a threshold specific to vitronectin.
- P n The process of obtaining the measured value C n from the reference value C and comparing it with the reference value C ref is denoted as P n .
- the threshold of vitronectin and C th the positive rate in the text refers to the ratio (%) of patients showing a value (positive) higher than Cth among all patients to be analyzed.
- the step P n for analysis by comparing the reference value C ref of the vitronectin and the measured value C n A method for analyzing vitronectin concentration in a collected blood sample.
- vitronectin measurement value in the blood sample is compared with the vitronectin measurement value and / or the vitronectin threshold value in the sample sampled prior to that.
- the reference value C ref to be compared the the measured value C n in the step P n is a value selected from the group consisting of a threshold C th of the measured value C n-1 and vitronectin, as described in (4) Method.
- An example of the aspect (5) is schematically shown in FIG. In the above (5), the individual may have been treated for colorectal cancer prior to the step Pn .
- the following is directed to a method using at least surgical treatment in a method using vitronectin as a “disease marker”.
- the curative degree is A or B
- blood is collected before colorectal cancer treatment.
- the measured value of vitronectin in the obtained sample exceeded the threshold value, and the measured value of vitronectin in the sample collected after the treatment fell below the threshold value. Under this condition, the measured value of vitronectin in the sample collected after that is compared with the threshold value.
- the step P of obtaining the blood sample S n the same individual concentrations of vitronectin blood sample S 1 derived from measured measurement values C 1, which is bled prior to blood sampling timing of 1 and the step P 0 of measuring the concentration of vitronectin in the blood sample S 0 derived from the same individual collected before the time of blood collection of the blood sample S 1 to obtain a measurement value C 0
- the individual, which underwent surgery for colorectal cancer in between the step P 0 and step P 1 The measured value C 0 in the step P 0 exceeds the threshold value C th vitronectin, measurements C 1 in the step P 1 is lower than the threshold value C th,
- the step P n the reference value C ref to be compared with the measured value C n in is the said threshold value C th, the method described in (5).
- the following is directed to a method using at least non-surgical therapy (for example, radiotherapy or chemotherapy) in the method using vitronectin as a “disease marker”.
- at least undergoing non-surgical treatment for colorectal cancer means both the case where the individual has received non-surgical treatment alone and the case where the individual has received surgical treatment prior to non-surgical treatment. including.
- non-surgical therapy is performed once, and vitronectin measurement values (C n-1 ) in a sample collected before treatment with non-surgical therapy for colorectal cancer (T n-1 ) ) Exceeds the threshold.
- vitronectin measurement values (C n-1 ) in a sample collected before treatment with non-surgical therapy for colorectal cancer (T n-1 ) Exceeds the threshold.
- the vitronectin measurement value (C n-1 ) is still above the threshold after surgical therapy (T n-1 ) is applicable.
- the vitronectin measurement value (C n ) in the sample collected after (T n ) is compared with the measurement value (C n-1 ) and the threshold value (C th ).
- the individual has undergone at least non-surgical therapy for colorectal cancer between Step P n-1 and Step P n ;
- the measured value C n-1 in the step P n-1 exceeds the threshold value C th of vitronectin, the reference value C ref to be compared the the measured value C n in the step P n is, the threshold value C th and the measured
- non-surgical therapy was performed multiple times, and the vitronectin measurement value in the sample collected before the non-surgical therapy for colorectal cancer (T 0 ) exceeded the threshold value.
- the vitronectin measurement value in the sample collected before the non-surgical therapy for colorectal cancer (T 0 ) exceeded the threshold value.
- the measured value (C n ) of vitronectin in the sample collected at T n ) is compared with the measured value (C n-1 ) and the threshold value (C th ).
- An example of this aspect is schematically shown in FIG.
- the individual has received at least non-surgical treatment for colorectal cancer between Step P 0 and Step P n-1, and the non-surgical treatment is also performed between Step P n-1 and Step P n.
- the measured value C 0 in the step P 0 exceeds the threshold value C th of vitronectin, the reference value C ref to be compared the the measured value C n in the step P n is, the threshold value C th and the measured value C n- 1, the method described in (5).
- vitronectin as a “presence diagnostic marker”.
- the measured value of vitronectin in the blood sample is compared with the vitronectin threshold value.
- the reference value C ref of the vitronectin is a threshold value C th thereof.
- a concentration value of vitronectin showing a high correct diagnosis rate is selected.
- a vitronectin concentration value showing the following specificity is selected.
- the following is directed to an embodiment in which the colorectal cancer marker vitronectin of the present invention is combined with another colorectal cancer disease state marker.
- the method according to (12), wherein the other colorectal cancer disease marker is selected from the group consisting of carcinoembryonic antigen and CA19-9.
- a presence diagnostic marker for detecting colorectal cancer a disease state marker capable of complementing CEA and CA19-9, and a prognostic marker can be provided for practical use in clinical settings. be able to.
- vitronectin as a marker, the detection rate of cancer patients at an early stage is improved.
- vitronectin enables the follow-up of colorectal cancer by using it for cases that do not show positiveness with existing colorectal cancer markers.
- vitronectin achieves an improvement in patient capture rate (ie, positive rate) when used in combination with existing colorectal cancer markers.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows an embodiment in which the disease marker of the present invention is used for a patient treated by surgery.
- the disease marker of the present invention is schematically shown as a combination of embodiments using the disease marker of the present invention for a patient who is being treated by non-surgical therapy (for example, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, etc.) other than surgery.
- non-surgical therapy for example, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, etc.
- the range indicated by the box indicates the concentration distribution range of the sample corresponding to 25-75% of all samples
- the range indicated by the horizontal line indicates the concentration distribution range of the sample corresponding to 10-90% of all samples.
- the horizontal bar in the box indicates the median concentration in each group (colorectal cancer patient (CRC), healthy subject (control)).
- CRC colonal cancer patient
- control healthy subject
- the ROC curve in the discrimination between the colorectal cancer patient and the healthy subject by the vitronectin concentration in the collected blood sample is shown.
- the vertical axis represents the detection sensitivity
- the horizontal axis represents the false positive rate (100-specificity).
- the points indicated by arrows indicate the detection sensitivity and the false positive rate when set as threshold values.
- (A) shows the comparison between CEA and vitronectin
- (B) shows the results of comparison between CA19-9 and vitronectin.
- (A) the positive rate when CEA and vitronectin are combined
- (B) when CA19-9 and vitronectin are combined (when one of the marker values exceeds the threshold value is positive) Also shown.
- the present invention provides vitronectin as a colorectal cancer marker. This marker reliably indicates a difference in concentration in the collected blood sample between the colorectal cancer patient group and the healthy subject group, or between colorectal cancer patient groups with different colorectal cancer disease states (sizes). It is. That is, these markers show increased expression in colorectal cancer.
- the colorectal cancer marker provided by the present invention can be used as a disease state marker, a presence diagnosis marker, and a prognosis prediction marker.
- the colorectal cancer marker of the present invention can be detected and analyzed in a blood sample. Therefore, in the method of the present invention, the colorectal cancer marker concentration in the blood sample is analyzed.
- the collected blood sample is a sample that is directly subjected to vitronectin concentration measurement, and includes whole blood, plasma, serum, and the like. Whole blood collected from an individual can be prepared by appropriately treating it.
- the treatment performed when preparing a blood sample from the collected whole blood is not particularly limited, and any clinically acceptable treatment may be performed. For example, centrifugation can be performed.
- the blood sample to be used for measuring the vitronectin concentration may be one that has been appropriately stored at a low temperature such as freezing in the middle of the preparation process or after the preparation process. In the present invention, the collected blood sample is discarded without returning to the original individual.
- the concentration analysis of the cancer marker in the blood sample according to the present invention is performed by comparing the measured value with the reference value.
- the measured value and the reference value to be compared are preferably values based on a blood sample prepared under the same conditions (such as pretreatment conditions and storage conditions).
- the concentration of the colon cancer markers in blood samples S n derived from blood were bled at some point was measured to obtain a measured value C n of the colon cancer marker, colon cancer marker of comprising the step P n for comparing the reference value C ref measurements C n and their colon cancer marker.
- the reference value C ref is a value that serves as a criterion for determining the pathology of colorectal cancer.
- the colorectal cancer marker of the present invention is collected between a colorectal cancer patient group and a healthy subject group, or between colorectal cancer patient groups with different colorectal cancer disease states (sizes). The concentration difference in the sample is shown. Accordingly, these groups can be effectively identified by setting an appropriate reference value Cref . Therefore, if the measured value C n is larger than the reference value C ref , it can be determined that there is a high possibility that the disease state is bad, and if the measured value C n is smaller than the reference value C ref , the possibility that the disease state is not bad is high.
- Threshold One specific example of the reference value is a threshold value C th specific to each colorectal cancer marker.
- the threshold C th in the present invention can be set in advance according to race, age, and the like.
- the threshold C th is measured by the measurement method described later, and the amount of colorectal cancer marker in a blood sample collected from individuals belonging to the healthy group and individuals belonging to the colorectal cancer patient group is measured. Can be set by referring to.
- the threshold C th is measured by the measurement method described later, and the amount of colorectal cancer marker in the blood sample collected from each colorectal cancer patient is measured, and the measured value in each group having a different colorectal cancer disease state is measured. It can be set by referring.
- the difference in colorectal cancer can be expressed, for example, by the difference in the degree of progression of cancer determined by the total amount of cancer in the body and the degree of metastasis.
- the degree of cancer progression can be based on, for example, TMN classification. That is, the primary cancer is expressed as stage 0 (carcinoma in situ), stages I and II, the lymph node metastasis cancer is expressed as stage III, and the distant metastasis cancer is expressed as stage IV.
- the colorectal cancer from the stage 0 to IV is collectively referred to as colorectal cancer.
- a cutoff value indicating a high correct diagnosis rate is selected.
- those skilled in the art can appropriately determine the cut-off value showing a specificity of 80% or more.
- the upper limit of the specificity range is not particularly limited, but may be 95%, for example.
- a method for setting the threshold C th is appropriately selected by those skilled in the art.
- An example is ROC Curve (Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve) analysis.
- Reference value Another specific example of the reference value is a measurement value in a blood sample collected from the same individual and collected in advance.
- Whether the threshold value or the premeasured value is used as the reference value is determined according to the type of colorectal cancer marker to be used and the purpose of use of the colorectal cancer marker.
- the reference value C ref of the presence diagnostic marker is a criterion for distinguishing between a blood collection sample derived from a colon cancer patient and a blood collection sample derived from a healthy person It will be.
- the reference value C ref of the presence diagnostic marker is the threshold value C th of the presence diagnostic marker. Therefore, if the measured value C n is larger than the reference value C ref , the individual from whom the blood sample Sn is derived is highly likely to have colon cancer (ie, there is a high suspicion of colorectal cancer), and the measured value C n is the reference value. smaller than C ref, can individuals from which the blood sample S n is determined that there is a high possibility of being a healthy person (i.e. low suspected colon cancer).
- the standard value of the prognostic predictive marker is a blood sample collected from a colorectal cancer patient with a poor prognosis and a blood sample collected from a colorectal cancer patient with a poor prognosis. This is a criterion for making a distinction.
- the reference value C ref of the prognosis prediction marker is the threshold value C th of the prognosis prediction marker.
- the measured value C n is larger than the reference value C ref (that is, the threshold value C th ), there is a high possibility that the prognosis of the individual from which the blood sample Sn is derived is high, and the measured value C n [G4] is the reference value C ref. (i.e. the threshold C th) smaller than, it can be determined that likely individual prognosis is poor derived are blood samples S n.
- the colon cancer marker vitronectin of the present invention is used as a disease state marker
- the reference value of the disease state marker is derived from the same individual having different pathological conditions (specifically, progression of colorectal cancer and cancer abundance in the body). This is a criterion for evaluating the collected blood samples. Therefore, when using disease progression markers for blood samples of the same individual from which blood was drawn prior to blood sampling timing of the blood samples S n to be subjected to step P n, the marker values are measured.
- the presence diagnostic marker of the present invention can be used.
- a blood collection sample derived from an individual determined that the measurement value of the presence diagnostic marker exceeds the threshold value of the presence diagnosis marker (the blood collection time is later than the blood collection sample subjected to the determination) It can be subjected to analysis using disease markers.
- an individual who is determined that the measurement value of the marker exceeds the threshold value of the marker is a blood collection sample that is subjected to analysis using the collection time of the blood collection sample subjected to the determination and the disease state marker
- the method using the disease marker of the present invention is performed when treatment for colorectal cancer is performed during the acquisition period.
- treatment for colorectal cancer include surgery and non-surgical therapy.
- Non-surgical therapy includes, for example, non-invasive treatment methods such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
- non-surgical therapy may be completed only once, but often multiple times can be performed continuously (continuous therapy). When these treatments are performed, the therapeutic effect can be evaluated and followed up by the method using the disease marker of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 An example of an embodiment using a disease state marker is schematically shown in FIG. Before the step P n (n ⁇ 1), subjecting the blood sample S n-1 of the same individual from which blood was drawn before the time T n-1 from the blood collection time T n of the blood sample S n to disease progression marker concentration measurement Then, the process P n-1 for obtaining the measured value C n -1 is performed. This measured value C n-1 is adopted as a reference value C ref in the subsequent process P n .
- step P n subjecting the blood sample S n of the same individual from which collected after the blood sample S n-1 in disease progression marker concentration measurement, to obtain a measured value C n, measured as a reference value C ref Compare with C n-1 .
- the pathology of the individual from which the blood sample Sn is derived is worse at time T n than at time T n-1 more likely, smaller than the measured value C n reference value C ref (i.e. measured value C n-1), who in the time T n from the blood sample S n individual pathologies time T n-1 derived from the It can be determined that there is a high possibility that
- the treatment for colorectal cancer has been performed at the time earlier than time T n, it is possible to evaluate the therapeutic effects as follows. For example, when non-surgical treatment for colorectal cancer is performed between time T n and time T n-1 , if the measured value C n is greater than the reference value C ref (ie, measured value C n-1 ), If it is highly likely that the effect of the treatment is not effective for the individual from which the blood sample Sn is derived at the time T n and the measured value C n is smaller than the reference value C ref (ie, the measured value C n-1 ), the time At T n , it can be determined that there is a high possibility that the effect of the treatment is exerted on the individual from which the blood sample Sn is derived. Therefore, it becomes possible to follow up on the effects of continuous treatment such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows an example of a more specific aspect using a disease state marker when surgery is applied as a treatment method. Between time T 0 and time T 1 when colorectal cancer is treated by surgery, and there is no residual colorectal cancer in the primary lesion due to surgery (i.e. It is assumed that the case is confirmed to be A or B).
- the measured value C 0 of the disease marker in the blood sample S 0 collected at the time T 0 before the surgical treatment exceeds the threshold C th of the disease marker, and the blood sample S collected at the time T 1 after the surgery If the measured value C 1 of the disease progression markers in 1 is the disease activity below the threshold C th markers (i.e., or colon cancer abundance of colorectal cancer was reduced disappeared) is found, this aspect is To be implemented.
- the blood sample S 1 is subjected to the measurement of the disease marker concentration as described above, and the measurement value C 1 below the threshold C th of the disease marker is obtained. Obtained in step P n performed thereafter, the blood sample S 1 and the same individual, subjecting the blood sample S n taken at a time T n a later than time T 1 in disease progression marker concentration measurement, the measured value C n Compared with the threshold value C th as the reference value C ref .
- the measured value C n is greater than the reference value C ref (that is, the threshold value C th ), there is a suspicion of cancer recurrence or metastasis in the individual from which the blood sample Sn is derived at the time T n , and the measured value C n is If it is smaller than the reference value C ref (that is, the threshold value C th ), it can be determined that the recurrence or metastasis of colorectal cancer in the individual from which the blood sample Sn is derived is low at the time T n .
- FIG. 3 schematically shows an example of a more specific embodiment using a disease state marker when non-surgical therapy is applied as a treatment method.
- at least a first non-surgical treatment for colorectal cancer is received between step P 0 and step P n-1, and non-surgical treatment is also performed between step P n-1 and step P n.
- the measured value C 0 of the disease marker in the blood sample S 0 collected at the time T 0 before the first treatment by the non-surgical therapy exceeds the threshold C th of the disease marker. It is a premise.
- the measured value C n-1 of the disease marker may still exceed the threshold C th after the surgical treatment (T 0 ). Applicable.
- blood samples S n disease activity markers bled samples S n-1 of the same individual from which blood was drawn before the time T n-1 from the blood collection time T n of subjected to density measurement, a step P n-1 to obtain measurements C n-1.
- This measured value C n-1 can be adopted as a reference value C ref for P n performed thereafter.
- step P n the measured value C n is compared with both the measured value C n ⁇ 1 as the reference value C ref and the threshold value C th . For example, according to the comparison between the measured value C n and the reference value C n ⁇ 1 , it can be determined whether or not there is a therapeutic effect.
- the measured value C n is larger than the reference value C n ⁇ 1, there is a high possibility that the treatment effect is not effective for the individual from which the blood sample Sn is derived at the time T n , and the measured value C n If is smaller than the reference value C n ⁇ 1, it can be determined that there is a high possibility that the effect of the treatment is exerted on the individual from which the blood sample Sn is derived at the time T n .
- the presence or absence of cancer can be determined. Specifically, if the measured value C n is larger than the threshold value C th, there is a high possibility that cancer remains in the individual from whom the blood sample Sn is derived (cancer has not disappeared) at the time T n . If the measured value C n is smaller than the threshold value C th, there is a high possibility that no cancer remains in the individual from whom the blood sample Sn is derived (cancer disappeared) at the time T n .
- the measured value C n is greater than the reference value C n ⁇ 1 and the measured value C n is greater than the threshold value C th , it can be determined that there is no therapeutic effect.
- the measured value C n is smaller than the reference value C n ⁇ 1, but if the measured value C n is larger than the threshold value C th , it is considered that the treatment is effective but the cancer has not been cured, and continuation of treatment is required. It can be determined.
- the measured value C n is smaller than the reference value C n ⁇ 1 and the measured value C n is smaller than the threshold value C th, it can be determined that the cancer has almost disappeared due to the therapeutic effect. As described above, it is possible to follow up on the therapeutic effect of cancer by comparing the measured value C n with the measured value C n ⁇ 1 . Further, by comparing the measured value C n and the threshold value C th , it is possible to make a determination as to whether or not to continue treatment.
- the case where non-surgical therapy is continuously performed a plurality of times by the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3 described above the case where non-surgical therapy is completed once can be similarly performed. it can.
- the measurement value C n-1 of the disease marker in the blood sample S n-1 collected at the time T n-1 before the treatment by one non-surgical therapy is the threshold C of the disease marker. The premise is that it is known to exceed th .
- step P n to obtain a measured value by measuring the concentration in the blood sample S n other colon cancer disease progression marker, the measured value, to be compared with a reference value for the disease activity markers Further done.
- the measured value may be determined to be lower than the reference value (that is, there is no suspicion of colorectal cancer).
- it is determined negative also by the disease marker of the present invention it is possible to support that the negative determination result (that is, no suspicion of colorectal cancer) by other disease markers is true.
- the disease marker of the present invention can complement other colorectal cancer disease markers.
- the measurement of the colorectal cancer marker of the present invention is preferably performed by a test based on biospecific affinity.
- the test based on biospecific affinity is a method well known to those skilled in the art, and is not particularly limited, but an immunoassay is preferable.
- Western blot radioimmunoassay, ELISA (including all of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: sandwich immunoassay, competitive method, direct adsorption method), immunoprecipitation method, precipitation reaction, immunodiffusion method, immunoagglutination measurement, complementation Immunoassays, including competitive and non-competitive assay systems, are included, such as body binding reaction analysis, immunoradiometric assays, fluorescent immunoassays, protein A immunoassays and the like. In the immunoassay, an antibody that binds to a colorectal cancer marker in a blood sample is detected.
- the antibody that binds to the colorectal cancer marker is appropriately determined by those skilled in the art.
- a labeled body of vitronectin antibody (monoclonal antibody or polyclonal antibody) is used.
- the label in the label may be a label with a fluorescent compound and / or an enzyme protein.
- the fluorescent compound and the enzyme protein are appropriately selected by those skilled in the art as being acceptable in a measurement system using an antibody.
- the enzyme protein can be selected from the group consisting of peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, and ⁇ -galactosidase.
- a specific protocol for preparing and labeling vitronectin antibodies can be easily selected by those skilled in the art.
- the colorectal cancer marker measurement is performed by bringing a blood sample into contact with the antibody under conditions that allow the colorectal cancer marker protein to be measured and the antibody of the colorectal cancer marker protein to form an immune complex. . More specific protocols for immunoassays can be easily selected by those skilled in the art.
- the capture antibody is immobilized on the substrate or the inner wall of the well by adsorption or the like.
- a vitronectin polyclonal (or monoclonal) antibody that recognizes an epitope different from that of the labeled vitronectin antibody in the vitronectin protein is preferably used.
- a person skilled in the art can appropriately determine the concentration of the capture antibody solution used for immobilization.
- a blood sample is added to the immobilized capture antibody and subjected to conditions under which the capture antibody and vitronectin in the blood sample can form an immune complex.
- a blood sample can be appropriately diluted as necessary by those skilled in the art, and then subjected to the above-described treatment.
- the substrate or well is washed, and then the above labeled vitronectin antibody is added, and subjected to conditions under which a blood sample-derived vitronectin and labeled vitronectin antibody bound to the capture antibody can form an immune complex.
- concentration of labeled vitronectin antibody to be added can be appropriately determined by those skilled in the art.
- the substrate or well is washed, and a signal derived from the labeled vitronectin antibody bound to vitronectin is detected.
- a signal derived from the labeled vitronectin antibody bound to vitronectin is detected.
- the amount of fluorescence derived from the label can be measured.
- the antibody is labeled with an enzyme protein, it can be measured by adding a substrate for the enzyme protein and detecting a signal derived from chemical color development of the decomposed compound.
- Plasma samples were prepared as follows. About 15 mL of blood per person was collected into a BD Vacutainer blood collection tube CPTTM. Immediately after blood collection, centrifugation (1700 ⁇ g, 4 ° C., 20 minutes) was performed, and the supernatant was obtained as a plasma component (about 5 mL). The obtained plasma sample was stored at ⁇ 80 ° C.
- This plasma sample is thawed at the time of measurement and diluted 5000 to 20000 times to become a blood sample to be measured for vitronectin concentration.
- Example 1 The following analysis was performed on a blood sample (hereinafter referred to as a plasma sample) for which patient consent was obtained in accordance with the ethical rules of Osaka University School of Medicine. Plasma samples were prepared according to Reference Example 1 from blood collected from 105 colorectal cancer patients and 100 healthy individuals. Table 1 shows the clinical information of the plasma samples used in this analysis. In the Examples, a person who has all the normal marker values (specifically, CEA, CA19-9, SCC antigen, CA125, CA15-3, and PSA) in the normal range is defined as a “healthy person”. Vitronectin concentration was measured using Vitronectin EIA Kit (manufactured by TaKaRa) (measurement procedure was according to the attached instruction).
- a plasma sample for which patient consent was obtained in accordance with the ethical rules of Osaka University School of Medicine. Plasma samples were prepared according to Reference Example 1 from blood collected from 105 colorectal cancer patients and 100 healthy individuals. Table 1 shows the clinical information of the plasma samples used in this analysis.
- the plasma sample concentration analysis in healthy subjects and cancer patients was performed by ELISA, and the vitronectin concentration in the plasma sample between them was compared.
- the result is shown in FIG.
- the vertical axis represents the concentration of vitronectin in the plasma sample.
- the range indicated by the box is the concentration distribution range of the sample corresponding to 25-75% of all samples
- the range indicated by the horizontal line is the concentration distribution range of the sample corresponding to 10 to 90% of all samples. Show.
- the horizontal bar in the box indicates the median concentration in each group (Control (healthy person), CRC (colorectal cancer patient)).
- Example 2 These 105 colon cancer patients were divided into three groups (stage 0, stage I-II and stage III-VI) based on the TMN classification, and the vitronectin concentrations in each group were compared and examined.
- FIG. 4B shows the result.
- the vertical axis represents the concentration of vitronectin in the plasma sample.
- the range indicated by the box is the concentration distribution range of the sample corresponding to 25-75% of all samples
- the range indicated by the horizontal line is the concentration distribution range of the sample corresponding to 10 to 90% of all samples. Show.
- the horizontal bar in the box indicates the median concentration in each group (Control (healthy person), CRC (colorectal cancer patient)).
- vitronectin concentration in both stage I-II and stage III-IV is statistically significant (non-parametric Kruskall-Wallis with Dunnett's post test: p Value ⁇ 0.05). Moreover, the plasma concentration of vitronectin tended to increase as the cancer stage progressed. From this result, it was shown that vitronectin has characteristics as a disease state marker.
- FIG. 5 shows the ROC curve of vitronectin.
- the vertical axis represents the positive rate
- the horizontal axis represents the false positive rate (100-specificity).
- a threshold was set using Youden's Index. Specifically, the threshold of vitronectin was set to 12.65 mg / mL. The specificity of colorectal cancer patient detection at this threshold was 96%, and the detection sensitivity was 26%.
- Example 4 In Example 3, it was shown that plasma vitronectin is useful as a clinical tumor marker. However, since vitronectin is originally present in a high concentration in plasma, the above-described expression fluctuation is not directly attributable to vitronectin originally present in plasma but directly to cancer tissue. This example was carried out to show. In order to further verify the relationship between plasma vitro vitronectin levels and colorectal cancer, we compared plasma sample vitronectin levels before and after surgery.
- the preoperative concentration value was positive (ie, the concentration value exceeded the threshold value of 12.65 mg / mL).
- Example 5 Next, the correlation between the concentrations in plasma samples of CEA and CA19-9, which are existing colon cancer markers, and vitronectin, which is the colon cancer marker of the present invention, was examined. As shown in FIG. 7 (A), CEA and CA19-9 were statistically significantly correlated in expression (Spearman's rank correlation test: p value ⁇ 0.0001). In contrast, as shown in FIGS. 7B and 7C, vitronectin did not correlate with either CEA or CA19-9. From this, it was found that vitronectin and these existing colorectal cancer markers fluctuate independently. That is, vitronectin, which is a colorectal cancer marker of the present invention, has been shown to be useful as a complementary marker for these existing colorectal cancer markers.
- Example 6 In the measurement of plasma samples, when vitronectin is used as a single marker (Single marker) and the existing colorectal cancer markers CEA and / or CA19-9 are used as a single marker (Single marker) or in combination
- the detection rate (Sensitivity) and specificity (when using as two markers or three markers) when used as a marker of (Two markers) Specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and detection accuracy were compared. The results are shown in Table 2.
- each colorectal cancer marker employed in this example is 12.65 ( ⁇ g / mL) for vitronectin, 5 (ng / mL) for CEA, and 37 (U / mL) for CA19-9.
- a sample that was positive in at least one of all markers was determined as positive, and samples that were negative in all markers were determined as negative.
- Sensitivity Percentage of cancer patients who were determined as cancer patients by marker.
- Specificity Ratio of the number of specimens determined as healthy by the marker among healthy individuals.
- Positive Predictive Value Negative predictive value of the number of specimens that were cancer patients among specimens that were determined as positive by the marker: Accuracy of the number of specimens that were healthy among the specimens judged negative by the marker (Accuracy): The ratio of the total number of specimens of cancer patients and healthy individuals who were accurately determined by the marker value among all specimens.
- Example 7 When vitronectin (VTN) is used alone as a colon cancer marker, when only existing colon cancer marker CEA or CA19-9 is used alone as a colon cancer marker, and those colon cancer markers The cancer patient capture rate (that is, the positive rate (Positive Rate)) was examined according to the pathological condition for the case of using a combination of.
- FIG. 8A shows a comparison between CEA and vitronectin
- FIG. 8B shows a comparison between CA19-9 and vitronectin.
- A the positive rate when CEA and vitronectin are combined
- CA19-9 and vitronectin are combined (when one of the marker values exceeds the threshold value is positive) Also shown in the figure.
- vitronectin which is a colorectal cancer marker of the present invention
- an existing colorectal cancer marker a sufficient additional effect is obtained in the detection sensitivity of stage III-IV group in which the disease has progressed. It was. In the stage I-II group, whose disease state was relatively early, an even greater effect was obtained. From the above, it was shown that vitronectin has utility as a complementary marker for CEA and CA19-9, which are existing colon cancer markers.
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Abstract
Description
ASCO (American Society of Clinical Oncology)では、CEAを存在診断マーカーではなく、予後診断、ステージング、薬効評価のための「病勢マーカー」として使用することを推奨している。また、CA19-9については、現時点でのデータでは裏づけが不十分であるとして、単独では大腸がんマーカーとしての使用には適さない、と結論づけられている。
アメリカFDAでも、CEAを大腸がんマーカーとして認可している。
また、CEAやCA19-9については、がん以外の要因によってマーカー値が変動する例も知られている。従って、正確な病勢観察をするためには、これらのマーカーを使用するだけでなく、これらのマーカーを相補することができる新たなマーカーが臨床現場で強く求められている。
さらに、血液検査によって簡易に大腸がん存在の有無を判定する「存在診断マーカー」も存在しない。
以上より、大腸がん検出のための「存在診断マーカー」、及びCEAやCA19-9を相補することができる「病勢マーカー」の開発が急務である。
なお、本発明において「病勢マーカー」とは、がんの病態の進行に伴って濃度が増加する腫瘍マーカーをいう。病勢マーカーは、すでに存在していることがわかっているがんについて、進行度の判定や病態の経過観察を行う目的で用いられうる。
大腸がんの病勢マーカーとして用いられるビトロネクチン。
(2)
大腸がんの存在診断マーカーとして用いられるビトロネクチン。
(3)
大腸がんの予後予測マーカーとして用いられるビトロネクチン。
本発明において、ビトロネクチンの基準値には、別の採血試料において得られたビトロネクチンの測定値、及びビトロネクチンに固有の閾値が含まれる。
本明細書において、ある時点Tnで採血された血液に由来する採血試料をSn、その試料Snから得られたビトロネクチンの測定値をCn、ビトロネクチンの基準値をCref、試料Snから測定値Cnを得て基準値Crefと比較する工程をPnと表記する。また、ビトロネクチンの閾値をCthと記載する。なお、本文中での陽性率とは解析対象とした全患者のうち、Cthよりも高い値(陽性)を示す患者の割合(%)を指すものとする。
個体由来の採血試料Sn中の、ビトロネクチンの濃度を測定し測定値Cnを得て、前記測定値Cnと前記ビトロネクチンの基準値Crefとを比較することによって分析を行う工程Pnを含む、採血試料中のビトロネクチン濃度の分析方法。
前記工程Pn(n≧1)の前に、前記採血試料Snの採血時期より前に採血された同一個体由来の採血試料Sn-1のビトロネクチンの濃度を測定し測定値Cn-1を得る工程Pn-1をさらに含み、
前記工程Pnにおいて前記測定値Cnと比較される前記基準値Crefが、前記測定値Cn-1及びビトロネクチンの閾値Cthからなる群から選ばれる値である、(4)に記載の方法。
上記(5)の態様の一例を模式的に図1に示す。
上記(5)において、前記個体は、前記工程Pnより前に大腸がんに対する治療を受けたものでありうる。
前記工程Pn(n≧2)の前に、前記採血試料Snの採血時期より前に採血された同一個体由来の採血試料S1のビトロネクチンの濃度を測定し測定値C1を得る工程P1と、前記採血試料S1の採血時期より前に採血された同一個体由来の採血試料S0のビトロネクチンの濃度を測定し測定値C0を得る工程P0とを含み、
前記個体が、前記工程P0と工程P1との間において大腸がんに対する外科手術を受けたものであり、
前記工程P0における測定値C0がビトロネクチンの閾値Cthを上回り、前記工程P1における測定値C1が前記閾値Cthを下回り、
前記工程Pnにおいて前記測定値Cnと比較される前記基準値Crefが、前記閾値Cthである、(5)に記載の方法。
前記個体が、さらに、工程P1と工程Pnとの間において大量ガンに対する非外科的療法(例えば放射線療法や化学療法など)を受けたものである、(6)に記載の方法。
(8)
前記個体が、前記工程Pn-1と前記工程Pnとの間において少なくとも大腸がんに対する非外科的療法を受けたものであり、
前記工程P n-1における測定値Cn-1 がビトロネクチンの閾値Cthを上回り、前記工程Pnにおいて前記測定値Cnと比較される前記基準値Crefが、前記閾値Cth及び前記測定値Cn-1である、(5)に記載の方法。
(9)
前記工程Pn(n≧2)の前に、前記採血試料Snの採血時期より前に採血された同一個体由来の採血試料Sn-1のビトロネクチンの濃度を測定し測定値Cn-1を得る工程Pn-1と、前記採血試料Sn-1の採血時期より前に採血された同一個体由来の採血試料S0のビトロネクチンの濃度を測定し測定値C0を得る工程P0とを含み、
前記個体が、前記工程P0と工程Pn-1との間において少なくとも大腸がんに対する非外科的療法を受け、前記工程Pn-1と前記工程Pnとの間においても前記非外科的療法を引き続いて受けたものであり、
前記工程P0における測定値C0がビトロネクチンの閾値Cthを上回り、前記工程Pnにおいて前記測定値Cnと比較される前記基準値Crefが、前記閾値Cth及び前記測定値Cn-1である、(5)に記載の方法。
(10)
前記ビトロネクチンの基準値Crefがその閾値Cthである、(4)に記載の方法。
(11)
前記閾値として、特異度が80%以上を示すビトロネクチンの濃度値が選択される、(5)~(10)のいずれかに記載の方法。
(12)
前記工程Pnにおいて、他の大腸がん病勢マーカーの前記採血試料Sn中の濃度を測定し測定値を得て、前記測定値と、前記他の大腸がん病勢マーカーの基準値とを比較することによって分析を行うことをさらに含む、(5)~(9)のいずれかに記載の方法。
(13)
前記他の大腸がん病勢マーカーが、がん胎児性抗原、及びCA19-9からなる群から選ばれる、(12)に記載の方法。
ビトロネクチンをマーカーとして用いることにより、早期ステージのがん患者の検出率が向上する。また、ビトロネクチンは、既存の大腸がんマーカーでは陽性を示さない症例について用いることによって、大腸がんの経過観察を可能にする。さらに、ビトロネクチンは、既存の大腸がんマーカーと併用することにより、患者の捕捉率(すなわち陽性率)の向上を実現する。
本発明は、大腸がんマーカーとしてビトロネクチンを提供する。このマーカーは、大腸がん患者グループと健常者グループとの間で、或いは大腸がんの病勢(大きさ)の異なる大腸がん患者グループの間で、確実に採血試料中における濃度差を示すものである。すなわち、これらのマーカーは、大腸がんにおいて発現亢進を示すものである。
本発明が提供する大腸がんマーカーは、病勢マーカー、存在診断マーカー及び予後予測マーカーとして用いることができる。
本発明の大腸がんマーカーは、採血試料中において検出・分析可能である。従って、本発明の方法においては、採血試料中の大腸がんマーカー濃度が分析される。
採血試料は、直接ビトロネクチン濃度測定に供される試料であり、全血、血漿、血清などが含まれる。個体から採取された全血を、適宜処理することによって調製することができる。採取された全血から採血試料の調製を行う場合に行われる処理としては特に限定されず、臨床学的に許容されるいかなる処理が行われてよい。例えば遠心分離などが行われうる。また、ビトロネクチン濃度測定に供される採血試料は、その調製工程の中途段階又は調製工程後に、適宜冷凍など低温下での保存が行われたものであってよい。なお、本発明において採血試料は、由来元の個体に戻すことなく破棄される。
本発明による採血試料中のがんマーカーの濃度分析は、測定値と基準値との比較によって行われる。より正確な分析のため、比較される測定値と基準値とは、同じ条件(前処理条件や保存条件など)で用意された採血試料に基づく値であることが好ましい。
本発明の方法においては、ある時点で採血された血液に由来する採血試料Sn中の大腸がんマーカーの濃度を測定し、大腸がんマーカーの測定値Cnを得て、大腸がんマーカーの測定値Cnとその大腸がんマーカーの基準値Crefとを比較する工程Pnを含む。
基準値Crefは、大腸がんの病態などの判断基準となる値である。前述のように、本発明の大腸がんマーカーは、大腸がん患者グループと健常者グループとの間で、或いは大腸がんの病勢(大きさ)の異なる大腸がん患者グループの間で、採血試料中における濃度差を示す。従って、適切な基準値Crefを設定することで、それらグループを有効に識別することができる。
従って、測定値Cnが基準値Crefより大きければ病態が悪い可能性が高く、測定値Cnが基準値Crefより小さければ病態が悪くない可能性が高いと判断することができる。
基準値の具体例の一つとして、個々の大腸がんマーカー特有の閾値Cthが挙げられる。本発明における閾値Cthは、人種、年齢などに応じて予め設定することができる。閾値Cthは、後述の測定法により、健常者グループに属する個人及び大腸がん患者グループに属する個人に由来する採血試料中の大腸がんマーカーの存在量を測定し、各々のグループにおける測定値を参照することによって設定することができる。
閾値Cthを設定する手法は、当業者によって適宜選択されるものである。一例として、ROC Curve(受信者動作特性曲線;Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve)分析などが挙げられる。
基準値の具体例の他の一つとしては、同一個体由来で事前に採血されていた採血試料における測定値が挙げられる。
上記基準値として、閾値を用いるか事前測定値を用いるかは、使用する大腸がんマーカーの種類及び大腸がんマーカーの使用の目的に応じて決定される。
本発明の大腸がんマーカービトロネクチンを存在診断マーカーとして用いる場合、存在診断マーカーの基準値Crefは、大腸がん患者由来の採血試料と健常者由来の採血試料との区別を行うための判断基準となるものである。具体的には、存在診断マーカーの基準値Crefはその存在診断マーカーの閾値Cthである。
従って、測定値Cnが基準値Crefより大きければ、採血試料Snが由来する個人が大腸がんである可能性が高く(すなわち大腸がんの疑いが高い)、測定値Cnが基準値Crefより小さければ、採血試料Snが由来する個人が健常者である可能性が高い(すなわち大腸がんの疑いが低い)と判断することができる。
本発明の大腸がんマーカービトロネクチンを予後予測マーカーとして用いる場合、予後予測マーカーの基準値は、予後が悪い大腸がん患者由来の採血試料と予後が悪くない大腸がん患者由来の採血試料との区別を行うための判断基準となるものである。具体的には、予後予測マーカーの基準値Crefはその予後予測マーカーの閾値Cthである。
従って、測定値Cnが基準値Cref(すなわち閾値Cth)より大きければ、採血試料Snが由来する個人の予後が悪い可能性が高く、測定値Cn[G4]が基準値Cref(すなわち閾値Cth)より小さければ、採血試料Snが由来する個人の予後が悪い可能性は低いと判断することができる。
本発明の大腸がんマーカービトロネクチンを病勢マーカーとして用いる場合、病勢マーカーの基準値は、病態の経過状態(具体的には大腸がんの進行、及び体内のがん存在量)が異なる同一個体由来の採血試料の評価を行うための判断基準となるものである。従って、病勢マーカーを用いる場合は、工程Pnに供される採血試料Snの採血時期より前に採血された同一個体由来の採血試料について、そのマーカー値が測定される。
ここで、ある時点Tnから経時的に(T0,T1, T2,T3,・・・, Tn-1, Tn)大腸がん患者から採取した血液に由来する採血試料(S0, S1, S2,S3,・・・, Sn-1, Sn)の大腸がんマーカー測定値(濃度)を、それぞれC0, C1, C2, C3,・・・, Cn-1, Cnとする。
大腸がんに対する治療の例としては、外科手術や、非外科的療法が挙げられる。非外科的療法としては、例えば化学療法や放射線療法などの非侵襲的治療法が挙げられる。また、非外科的療法は、1回のみで終了する場合もあるが、しばしば複数回が継続して行われうる(継続的治療法)。これらの治療が行われる場合、本発明の病勢マーカーを用いた方法によって、治療効果の評価及び経過観察を行うことができる。
病勢マーカーを用いる態様の一例を模式的に図1に示す。
工程Pn(n≧1)の前に、採血試料Snの採血時期Tnより前の時期Tn-1に採血された同一個体由来の採血試料Sn-1を病勢マーカー濃度測定に供し、測定値Cn-1を得る工程Pn-1を行う。この測定値Cn-1が、その後に行われる工程Pnにおける基準値Crefとして採用される。すなわち、工程Pnにおいて、採血試料Sn-1より後に採取された同一個体由来の採血試料Snを病勢マーカー濃度測定に供し、測定値Cnを得て、基準値Crefとしての測定値Cn-1と比較する。
従って、放射線治療や化学療法などの継続治療の効果に関するフォローアップを行うことが可能になる。
治療法として外科手術を適用した場合における、病勢マーカーを用いるより具体的な態様の一例を模式的に図2に示す。
時期T0と時期T1との間で、大腸がんに対して外科手術による治療が行われた場合であって、外科手術により原発巣の大腸がんの遺残がないこと(すなわち根治度がAもしくはBであること)を確認できている症例が前提である。さらには、手術治療前の時期T0に採取された採血試料S0における病勢マーカーの測定値C0がその病勢マーカーの閾値Cthを上回り、手術後の時期T1に採取された採血試料S1における病勢マーカーの測定値C1がその病勢マーカーの閾値Cthを下回った(すなわち大腸がんの存在量が減少した又は大腸がんが消失した)ことがわかっている場合に、この態様が実施される。
測定値Cnが基準値Cref(すなわち閾値Cth)より大きければ、時期Tnにおいて、採血試料Snが由来する個体でのがんの再発又は転移の疑いがあり、測定値Cnが基準値Cref(すなわち閾値Cth)より小さければ、時期Tnにおいて、採血試料Snが由来する個体での大腸がんの再発や転移の可能性が低いと判断することができる。
治療法として非外科的療法を適用した場合における、病勢マーカーを用いるより具体的な態様の一例を模式的に図3に示す。
この態様においては、工程P0と工程Pn-1との間において大腸がんに対する少なくとも1回目の非外科的療法を受け、工程Pn-1と工程Pnとの間においても非外科的療法を引き続いて受けた場合を想定する。また、この態様においては、非外科的療法による1回目の治療前の時期T0に採取された採血試料S0における病勢マーカーの測定値C0がその病勢マーカーの閾値Cthを上回ることがわかっていることが前提である。1回目の非外科的療法の前に外科的療法を行った場合においては、外科的療法後(T0)においてなおその病勢マーカーの測定値Cn-1が閾値Cthを上回っている場合が該当する。
例えば、測定値Cnと基準値Cn-1との比較によれば、治療効果の有無を判断することができる。具体的には、測定値Cnが基準値Cn-1より大きければ、時期Tnにおいて、採血試料Snが由来する個体にとって治療の効果が出ていない可能性が高く、測定値Cnが基準値Cn-1より小さければ、時期Tnにおいて、採血試料Snが由来する個体にとって治療の効果が出ている可能性が高いと判断することができる。
このように、測定値Cnと測定値Cn-1との比較によって、がんの治療効果に関するフォローアップを行うことが可能になる。また、測定値Cnと閾値Cthを比較することによって、治療継続の要否に関する判断も併せて行うことが可能となる。
非外科的療法が一回で終了する態様においては、工程Pn-1と工程Pnとの間においてのみ大腸がんに対する非外科的療法を一回受けた場合を想定する。また、この態様においては、一回の非外科的療法による治療前の時期T n-1に採取された採血試料S n-1における病勢マーカーの測定値C n-1がその病勢マーカーの閾値Cthを上回ることがわかっていることが前提である。一回の非外科的療法の前に外科的療法を行った場合においては、外科的療法後(T n-1)においてなおその病勢マーカーの測定値Cn-1が閾値Cthを上回っている場合が該当する。当業者であれば、上述の非外科的療法が複数回継続して行われる場合を参照して、非外科的療法が一回で終了する場合についても本発明を実施することができる。
病勢マーカーを用いた本発明の方法は、他の大腸がん病勢マーカーを相補するために行うことも有用である。他の大腸がん病勢マーカーとしては、例えばがん胎児性抗原(CEA)やCA19-9などが挙げられる。
この場合においては、工程Pnで、他の大腸がん病勢マーカーの採血試料Sn中の濃度を測定し測定値を得て、測定値と、その病勢マーカーの基準値とを比較することがさらに行われる。
一方、本発明の病勢マーカーによっても陰性と判定された場合には、他の病勢マーカーによる陰性判定結果(すなわち大腸がんの疑いなし)を真であるとサポートすることが可能になる。
このように、本発明の病勢マーカーは、他の大腸がん病勢マーカーを相補することが可能になる。
本発明の大腸がんマーカーの測定は、好ましくは、生体特異的親和性に基づく検査によって行われる。生体特異的親和性に基づく検査は当業者に良く知られた方法であり、特に限定されないが、イムノアッセイが好ましい。具体的には、ウエスタンブロット、ラジオイムノアッセイ、ELISA(Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay:サンドイッチイムノ法、競合法、直接吸着法を全て含む)、免疫沈降法、沈降反応、免疫拡散法、免疫凝集測定、補体結合反応分析、免疫放射定量法、蛍光イムノアッセイ、プロテインAイムノアッセイなどの、競合及び非競合アッセイ系を含むイムノアッセイが含まれる。イムノアッセイにおいては、採血試料中の大腸がんマーカーに結合する抗体を検出する。
なお、ビトロネクチン抗体の調製及び標識の具体的なプロトコルは、当業者であれば容易に選択することができるものである。
イムノアッセイのより具体的なプロトコルは、当業者であれば容易に選択することができるものである。
実施例において、血漿サンプルが以下のように調製された。1人につき、約15 mLの血液をBDバキュテイナ(Vacutainer)採血管CPTTMに採血した。採血後、直ちに遠心分離(1700×g、4℃、20分)を行い、上清を血漿成分として得た(約5mL)。得られた血漿サンプルは、-80℃にて保存した。
大阪大学医学部の倫理規定に沿って患者の同意が得られた採血試料(以下、血漿サンプルと記載する)について、以下の解析を行った。血漿サンプルは、大腸がん患者105名及び健常者100名から採取した血液から参考例1に従って調製した。表1に、この解析で用いた血漿サンプルの臨床情報を示す。実施例においては、既存のマーカー(具体的には、CEA、CA19-9、SCC抗原、CA125、CA15-3及びPSA)の値が全て正常範囲である者を「健常者」として定義した。ビトロネクチン濃度は、Vitronectin EIA Kit (TaKaRa社製)を用いて測定した(測定手順は添付の説明書に従った)。
この105症例の大腸がん患者をTMN分類に基づき、3つのグループ(ステージ0、ステージI-II及びステージIII-VI)に分け、各グループでのビトロネクチン濃度について比較検討した。図4(B)にその結果を示す。図4(B)において、縦軸はビトロネクチンの血漿サンプル中の濃度を表す。箱ひげ図において、箱で示した範囲は全検体のうち25-75%に当たる検体の濃度分布範囲、横線で示した範囲は、全検体のうち10~90%に相当する検体の濃度分布範囲を示す。箱中の横棒は、各集団(Control(健常者)、CRC(大腸がん患者))における濃度の中央値を示す。
また、ビトロネクチンの血漿サンプル中濃度は、がんのステージが進行するに伴って増加する傾向を示した。この結果から、ビトロネクチンが病勢マーカーとしての特徴を有していることが示された。
得られたビトロネクチン濃度を基に、大腸がんと健常者との識別におけるROC(receiver operating characteristic)曲線を作成した。図5にビトロネクチンのROC曲線を示す。図5において、縦軸は陽性率を表し、横軸は偽陽性率(100-特異度)を表す。このROC曲線より、Youden’s Indexを用いて閾値を設定した。具体的には、ビトロネクチンの閾値を12.65 mg/mLと設定した。この閾値における大腸がん患者検出の特異度は96%, 検出感度に関しては26%であった。
実施例3において、血漿ビトロネクチンが臨床腫瘍マーカーとして有用性があることを示した。しかしながら、ビトロネクチンは元々血漿中に高濃度で存在しているため、上記示した発現変動が、元々血漿中に存在するビトロネクチンに直接起因するものではなくがん組織に直接起因するものであることを示すため、本実施例を行った。
血漿サンプル中ビトロネクチン濃度と大腸がんとの関連性をさらに検証するために、術前・術後での血漿サンプル中ビトロネクチン濃度の比較を行った。
以上より、ビトロネクチンの経過観察マーカーとしての有用性が示された。
次に、既存の大腸がんマーカーであるCEA及びCA19-9と、本発明の大腸がんマーカーであるビトロネクチンとについて、血漿サンプル中の濃度の相関性を調べた。図7(A)に示すように、CEA及びCA19-9は発現が統計学的有意に相関していた(Spearman’s rank correlation test: p値<0.0001)。これに対して、図7(B)及び(C)に示すように、ビトロネクチンはCEA及びCA19-9のいずれに対しても相関性を示さなかった。このことから、ビトロネクチンとこれら既存の大腸がんマーカーとは独立して変動していることがわかった。つまり、本発明の大腸がんマーカーであるビトロネクチンは、これら既存の大腸がんマーカーに対する相補マーカーとしての有用性が示された。
血漿サンプルの測定において、ビトロネクチンを単独のマーカー(Single marker)として用いた場合と、既存の大腸がんマーカーであるCEA及び/又はCA19-9を単独のマーカー(Single marker)又は組み合わされた2種のマーカー(Two markers)として用いた場合と、それらが組み合わされた2種のマーカー(Two markers)又は3種のマーカー(Three markers)として用いた場合とについて、検出率 (Sensitivity)、特異度 (Specificity)、陽性的中率 (Positive Predictive Value)、陰性的中率(Negative Predictive Value)及び検出精度(Accuracy)の比較を行った。その結果を表2に示す。
検出率 (Sensitivity):
がん患者のうち、マーカーによりがん患者として判定された検体数の割合。
特異度 (Specificity):
健常者のうち、マーカーにより健常者として判定された検体数の割合。
陽性的中率 (Positive Predictive Value):
マーカーにより陽性として判定された検体のうち、がん患者であった検体数の割合
陰性的中率 (Negative Predictive Value):
マーカーにより陰性として判定された検体のうち、健常者であった検体数の割合
検出精度(Accuracy):
全検体のうち、マーカー値により正確に判定されたがん患者、および健常者の検体総数の割合。
ビトロネクチン(VTN)を単独で大腸がんマーカーとして用いた場合と、既存の大腸がんマーカーであるCEAのみ又はCA19-9のみを単独で大腸がんマーカーとして用いた場合と、それら大腸がんマーカーを組み合わせて用いた場合とについて、がん患者捕捉率(すなわち陽性率(Positive Rate))を病態別に調べた。図8(A)にCEAとビトロネクチンとの比較、図8(B)にCA19-9とビトロネクチンとの比較結果を示す。また、(A)ではCEAとビトロネクチンとを組み合わせた場合、(B)ではCA19-9とビトロネクチンとを組み合わせた場合(どちらかのマーカー値が閾値を越えている場合を陽性とする)の陽性率も併せて図示した。
以上のことから、ビトロネクチンは既存の大腸がんマーカーであるCEAやCA19-9に対する相補的マーカーとしての有用性を持つことが示された。
Claims (13)
- 大腸がんの病勢マーカーとして用いられるビトロネクチン。
- 大腸がんの存在診断マーカーとして用いられるビトロネクチン。
- 大腸がんの予後予測マーカーとして用いられるビトロネクチン。
- 個体由来の採血試料Sn中の、ビトロネクチンの濃度を測定し測定値Cnを得て、前記測定値Cnと前記ビトロネクチンの基準値Crefとを比較することによって分析を行う工程Pnを含む、採血試料中のビトロネクチン濃度の分析方法。
- 前記工程Pn(n≧1)の前に、前記採血試料Snの採血時期より前に採血された同一個体由来の採血試料Sn-1のビトロネクチンの濃度を測定し測定値Cn-1を得る工程Pn-1をさらに含み、
前記工程Pnにおいて前記測定値Cnと比較される前記基準値Crefが、前記測定値Cn-1及びビトロネクチンの閾値Cthからなる群から選ばれる値である、請求項4に記載の方法。 - 前記工程Pn(n≧2)の前に、前記採血試料Snの採血時期より前に採血された同一個体由来の採血試料S1のビトロネクチンの濃度を測定し測定値C1を得る工程P1と、前記採血試料S1の採血時期より前に採血された同一個体由来の採血試料S0のビトロネクチンの濃度を測定し測定値C0を得る工程P0とを含み、
前記個体が、前記工程P0と工程P1との間において大腸がんに対する外科手術による治療を受けたものであり、
前記工程P0における測定値C0がビトロネクチンの閾値Cthを上回り、前記工程P1における測定値C1が前記閾値Cthを下回り、
前記工程Pnにおいて前記測定値Cnと比較される前記基準値Crefが、前記閾値Cthである、請求項5に記載の方法。 - 前記個体が、さらに、工程P1と工程Pnとの間において大腸がんに対する非外科的療法を受けたものである、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記個体が、前記工程Pn-1と前記工程Pnとの間において少なくとも大腸がんに対する非外科的療法を受けたものであり、
前記工程P n-1における測定値Cn-1 がビトロネクチンの閾値Cthを上回り、前記工程Pnにおいて前記測定値Cnと比較される前記基準値Crefが、前記閾値Cth及び前記測定値Cn-1である、請求項5に記載の方法。 - 前記工程Pn(n≧2)の前に、前記採血試料Snの採血時期より前に採血された同一個体由来の採血試料Sn-1のビトロネクチンの濃度を測定し測定値Cn-1を得る工程Pn-1と、前記採血試料Sn-1の採血時期より前に採血された同一個体由来の採血試料S0のビトロネクチンの濃度を測定し測定値C0を得る工程P0とを含み、
前記個体が、前記工程P0と工程Pn-1との間において少なくとも大腸がんに対する非外科的療法を受け、前記工程Pn-1と前記工程Pnとの間においても前記非外科的療法を引き続いて受けたものであり、
前記工程P0における測定値C0がビトロネクチンの閾値Cthを上回り、前記工程Pnにおいて前記測定値Cnと比較される前記基準値Crefが、前記閾値Cth及び前記測定値C n-1である、請求項5に記載の方法。 - 前記ビトロネクチンの基準値Crefがその閾値Cthである、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記閾値として、特異度が80%以上を示すビトロネクチンの濃度値が選択される、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記工程Pnにおいて、他の大腸がん病勢マーカーの前記採血試料Sn中の濃度を測定し測定値を得て、前記測定値と、前記他の大腸がん病勢マーカーの基準値とを比較することによって分析を行うことをさらに含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記他の大腸がん病勢マーカーが、がん胎児性抗原、及びCA19-9からなる群から選ばれる、請求項12に記載の方法。
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- 2011-01-28 WO PCT/JP2011/051763 patent/WO2011148669A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2011-01-28 US US13/699,608 patent/US20130071864A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003523770A (ja) * | 2001-02-26 | 2003-08-12 | クルセル ホランド ベー ヴェー | ファージ抗体によって検出される血管形成のマーカーとしての活性化ビトロネクチン |
| WO2007142347A1 (ja) * | 2006-06-05 | 2007-12-13 | Shimadzu Corporation | 腫瘍マーカー及び癌疾病の罹患の識別方法 |
| JP2008122276A (ja) * | 2006-11-14 | 2008-05-29 | Kitasato Gakuen | コラーゲン特異的分子シャペロンhsp47の測定方法 |
| JP2009121874A (ja) * | 2007-11-13 | 2009-06-04 | Eisai R & D Management Co Ltd | 消化器癌の診断方法 |
| JP2009145132A (ja) * | 2007-12-12 | 2009-07-02 | Hiroshima Univ | 大腸癌、動脈硬化症、又はメタボリックシンドロームの検出方法 |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101476769B1 (ko) * | 2013-01-02 | 2014-12-26 | 대구대학교 산학협력단 | leucine-richα-2 glyprotein를 함유하는 대장암 진행예측용 바이오마커 조성물 및 이를 포함하는 대장암 진단용 바이오키트 |
| KR101438519B1 (ko) | 2014-07-01 | 2014-09-17 | 대구대학교 산학협력단 | complement factor B를 함유하는 대장암 진행예측용 바이오마커 조성물 및 이를 포함하는 대장암 진단용 바이오키트 |
| CN108604464A (zh) * | 2015-10-22 | 2018-09-28 | 拜奥凯泽有限责任公司 | 确定生物标志物信号的受试者间和受试者内变异的方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2011148669A1 (ja) | 2013-07-25 |
| US20130071864A1 (en) | 2013-03-21 |
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