WO2011147867A1 - Reacteur hydrometallurgique - Google Patents
Reacteur hydrometallurgique Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011147867A1 WO2011147867A1 PCT/EP2011/058551 EP2011058551W WO2011147867A1 WO 2011147867 A1 WO2011147867 A1 WO 2011147867A1 EP 2011058551 W EP2011058551 W EP 2011058551W WO 2011147867 A1 WO2011147867 A1 WO 2011147867A1
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- aqueous phase
- metal
- oxidation state
- hydrometallurgical
- state
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/02—Apparatus therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0063—Hydrometallurgy
- C22B15/0084—Treating solutions
- C22B15/0089—Treating solutions by chemical methods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0063—Hydrometallurgy
- C22B15/0084—Treating solutions
- C22B15/0089—Treating solutions by chemical methods
- C22B15/0091—Treating solutions by chemical methods by cementation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0063—Hydrometallurgy
- C22B15/0084—Treating solutions
- C22B15/0089—Treating solutions by chemical methods
- C22B15/0093—Treating solutions by chemical methods by gases, e.g. hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/04—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
- C22B23/0453—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B23/0461—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by chemical methods
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/04—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
- C22B23/0453—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B23/0461—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by chemical methods
- C22B23/0469—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by chemical methods by chemical substitution, e.g. by cementation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/04—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
- C22B23/0476—Separation of nickel from cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/44—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by chemical processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/44—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by chemical processes
- C22B3/46—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by chemical processes by substitution, e.g. by cementation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the invention relates to a hydrometallurgical reactor intended to carry out an extraction of at least a first metal initially present in a first oxidation state in an aqueous phase, and a hydrometallurgical process.
- the conventional copper-cobalt mixed ore process is a multi-step process that includes, after leaching, solvent extraction (SX) and electrolysis (EW) of the copper, followed by cobalt precipitation.
- SX solvent extraction
- EW electrolysis
- This production requires a very high consumption of electrical energy whereas several mining regions suffer from big problems of supply of the sites with electrical energy.
- manganese is difficult to remove by conventional methods of chemical precipitation, in particular by liquid-liquid extraction, which is expensive and highly polluting.
- the conventional methods therefore require investing in SX reagents as well as in an electrical network comprising a transformer rectifier for supplying direct current to the electrolysis room (EW).
- Oxidized ores generally do not lend themselves to flotation concentration since metal recovery efficiencies do not exceed 70%.
- the current trend in hydrometallurgy is to subject oxides to direct leaching, with the major disadvantage of handling large volumes of ores.
- Document AU 484130 of 1976 discloses the recovery of copper from a solution containing copper (Cu) by cementation.
- Cu is precipitated from a solution containing copper placed in a tank at pH between 1 and 9.
- the solution is brought into contact with aluminum in the form of massive strips, blocks, ingots, granules or stirring rods. .
- the process processes solutions containing from 2 to 50 g / l of Cu 2+ or Cu +.
- the process is preferably carried out under an inert atmosphere of nitrogen or hydrogen.
- the aluminum is located in a basket through which circulates the copper solution and the basket is set in motion.
- This document discloses a tank provided with several inputs and outputs and a mechanical stirrer.
- the gas enters a peripheral tubing and feeds several lateral plungers ending in the bottom of the periphery of the tank to be mixed with the solution to be treated.
- US 4,275,040 discloses a process for extracting titanium from a circulating medium containing titanium flowing through a column located in a reaction vessel. A gas is introduced from the bottom of the tank into the column to stir its contents (air + vapor). The circulating medium is a leaching medium. Reducing iron powder is fed separately to the gas. This process is essentially discontinuous and the titanium goes from one oxidation state to another by a reduction.
- US 3,981,966 discloses a method of recovering metals from an acid feed in a hydrometallurgical process. This document does not disclose a hydrometallurgical reactor as such.
- US Pat. No. 3,685,965 of 1972 discloses a precipitation of manganese or cobalt from a solution of their hydrated hydroxides, oxides or oxides. Oxygen or air is introduced with a reducing agent such as SO 2 or SO 3 in solution. This document does not disclose a hydrometallurgical reactor.
- WO0056943 shows that it is possible to selectively precipitate iron and manganese in two separate reactors. Such a selection is however not interesting with copper-cobalt ores, given the high co-precipitation of cobalt in the presence of iron.
- the present invention provides a universal reactor, the first of its kind that can operate continuously in hydrometallurgy and can implement several different processes depending on the uses to be implemented applied conventionally in hydrometallurgy. Therefore, to implement the various extraction methods, we must use and therefore build only one type of reactor that works here on an industrial scale in continuous mode preferably.
- the invention provides a hydrometallurgical reactor intended to carry out an extraction of at least a first metal initially present in a first oxidation state in an aqueous phase, comprising a reaction vessel, intended to contain the aqueous phase, wherein the first metal is passed from the first oxidation state to a second oxidation state different from the first oxidation state, the transition from the first oxidation state to the second oxidation state causing a state change of the material of the first metal.
- the hydrometallurgical reactor according to the invention also comprises
- stirring means arranged to agitate the aqueous phase in the reaction vessel
- a feed of at least one gas into the reaction vessel comprising diffusion means of said at least one gas arranged to diffuse said at least one gas homogeneously into said liquid phase;
- the hydrometallurgical reactor according to the invention makes it possible to provide a universal reactor designed to implement different hydrometallurgical processes or parts of metallurgical processes on an industrial scale.
- the precipitation by oxidation of metals in the aqueous phase such as demanganizing the aqueous sulfuric phases by oxidation by sulfurous air with a precipitation of MnO 2 , or the cementation of the metals in the aqueous phase by a more electronegative metal, more particularly allowing the cementation of cobalt or nickel in aqueous sulfuric phase by aluminum or magnesium metal powder or even an iixiviation of ores.
- These diffusion means may be for example one or more porous or pierced concentric coils which diffuse the gas or gas mixture in a perfectly homogeneous manner throughout the aqueous phase.
- Said at least one gas is preferably a mixture of oxidizing gas O2 + S0 2 or air + SO 2 which maintains the oxidizing conditions during continuous operation of the reactor.
- this reactor is designed exceptionally so that the reactions that take place are continuous. For example, the precipitation in oxidizing medium consumes oxygen and if the intake is not sufficient, the reaction stops.
- the oxidizing conditions are maintained over time in order to maintain the efficiency of the precipitation reaction.
- the medium containing SO 2 becomes reducing. It is therefore essential to maintain these oxidative conditions and ensure that dissolved in the
- the diffusion means may also take the form of porous rods circumferentially rising from the bottom to the top of the reactor and possibly at its center or be circumferential gas permeable membranes and / or central, provided that they do not disturb the operation agitation when present.
- the reactor according to the invention is therefore very fiexibie and uses space more economically knowing that this reactor allows of course an implementation of (continuous) processes on an industrial scale.
- the hydrometallurgical reactor comprises a mechanical stirring arranged to agitate the aqueous phase in the reaction vessel.
- the stirring means can be of variable geometry and of different types to regulate the residence time. For example, several turbines may be present, placed at several levels.
- the tank is further equipped with one or more baffles that help to work in turbulent flow conditions, thus contributing to optimal agitation.
- a high operating efficiency can be obtained according to complex hydrometallurgical reaction mechanisms by virtue of the combination of mechanical and pneumatic stirring, making it possible to work in an optimally stirred tank.
- an effective mixture is obtained by a rotary stirrer and a simultaneous gas injection.
- This not only makes it possible to provide a very efficient, good quality and marketable extraction of metals on the world market, but also drastically limit losses of metal, for example cobalt, traditionally associated with the copper valorization of copper-cobalt ore.
- the efficient recovery of the multiple metals present in an ore for example the cobalt-copper ore can be realized in continuous mode.
- the hydrometallurgical reactor preferably comprises an outlet of a gaseous phase, optionally provided with control means, such as for example a chimney.
- control means such as for example a chimney.
- the hydrometallurgical reactor according to the invention advantageously comprises at least one means for controlling at least one parameter chosen from the group consisting of the oxidation-reduction potential (Eh), the temperature, the pH, the gas pressure, the gas flow rate, the liquid flow rate, and the volume of said aqueous phase, which allows efficient regulation and rigorous control of the above parameters.
- Eh oxidation-reduction potential
- the hydrometallurgical reactor comprises a heating means.
- This heating means may comprise a steam supply which is a cheap product, low pollutant and readily available.
- the direct injection of water vapor into the aqueous phase makes it possible to heat the aqueous phase more efficiently, especially if this heating means is a regularly perforated helical coil placed in the bottom of the reactor.
- the hydrometallurgical reactor according to the invention further comprises a means of separating the first metal having undergone the change of a first oxidation state and having said second oxidation state (different from the first oxidation state).
- This means of separation may be a filter or a basket for harvesting the first metal of the aqueous phase, which may be exemplified in the form of an insoluble oxide or hydroxide or in the form of an elemental metal. This separation means makes it easy to harvest said first metal in solid form.
- the present invention also relates to a hydrometallurgical process, for example designed for the recovery of metal ore (oxidized or sulphured), its concentrate or sulfide roasting ash.
- the hydrometallurgical process according to the invention comprises feeding an aqueous phase containing at least a first metal to a first oxidation state;
- a supply of at least one gas for example an oxidant, bringing the aqueous phase into contact with the gas; homogeneously and turbulent a change of state for example by precipitation of at least a first metal by a passage of the first oxidation state to a second oxidation state different from the first oxidation state, for example by oxidation,
- the present invention allows a low polluting operation for both air and water and can be conducted very selectively.
- This is obtained by the use of at least one gas, for example an oxidizing gas, for example air, oxygen, nitrogen gas, SO 2 or suitable mixtures such as air or oxygen and nitrogen gas, and air or oxygen and S0 2 .
- an oxidizing gas for example air, oxygen, nitrogen gas, SO 2 or suitable mixtures such as air or oxygen and nitrogen gas, and air or oxygen and S0 2 .
- the contact with this at least one gas effects a change of state of the first metal initially present in a first oxidation state in at least one first metal having a second oxidation state different from the first oxidation state.
- At least one step is operated in continuous mode using a reactor according to the present invention.
- this makes it possible to work under well controllable conditions, to obtain greater productivity and better quality than with conventional methods.
- At least one stage is operated in continuous mode using a single reactor according to the present invention which is equipped to perform all or part of one or more hydrometallurgical processes such as precipitation. or carburizing or an Iixiviation for example secondary.
- hydrometallurgical processes such as precipitation. or carburizing or an Iixiviation for example secondary.
- These processes can also be carried out successively in a universal reactor.
- this saves the necessary operating space and reduces the costs.
- these processes can be carried out in a set of universal reactors according to the invention, arranged in series.
- the hydrometallurgical process according to the invention further comprises a separation of at least one first extracted metal having the second oxidation state of said at least one first metal having the first oxidation state.
- the step of changing the state of the material is a change from the solid state to the liquid state, as in the Iixiviation.
- the state change step is a change from the liquid state to the solid state, as in precipitation or carburizing.
- the change of state of the liquid state in the solid state according to the invention may advantageously be carried out in the presence of at least one second metal which is more electronegative than the first metal. This is the case, for example, in a cementation.
- Said at least one second metal more electronegative than the first metal may be at least one metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, aluminum nitride, magnesium, iron, zinc, etc.
- said at least one first metal initially having at the first oxidation state is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of copper, nickel, cobalt, silver, gold, manganese, platinum , uranium in the form of oxide, hydroxide, or any other salt soluble in said aqueous phase.
- Abundant impurities such as iron and manganese are therefore eliminated inexpensively and more efficiently than conventional techniques.
- an industrial application of metals valorization is carried out, for example the demanganization and the cementation of cobalt and nickel, in continuous process on industrial aqueous phases.
- the method according to the invention comprises a plurality of successive state change steps of a plurality of first metals present at a first oxidation state to said second oxidation state.
- said plurality of steps comprises - a cementation, in which said first metal is copper to be cemented, which cements in the presence of a metal powder, for example of pneumatically fed aluminum leading to a copper-depleted aqueous phase,
- said selective recovery of cobalt is a precipitation, in the presence of an oxidizing gas, of cobalt in solid salt form from said aqueous phase containing cobalt initially in the form of a soluble salt.
- said selective recovery of cobalt is a cementation of cobalt initially present in the aqueous phase in the form of a salt soluble cobalt metal in the presence of a second metal more electronegative than cobalt pneumatically supplied.
- the present invention also relates to a use of a hydrometallurgical reactor according to the invention for upgrading a metal ore (oxidized or sulphured), its concentrate or its ashes for roasting sulphides.
- the invention also relates to an installation comprising a plurality of hydrometallurgical reactors according to the invention.
- Figure 1 is a diagram of a hydrometallurgical reactor according to the invention.
- FIG. 2A is a view from above showing a turbine of the hydrometallurgical reactor according to the invention and FIG. 2B is a profile view of this turbine of the hydrometallurgical reactor according to the invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram of a complete hydrometallurgical process according to the invention.
- Figure 4 is a diagram of a precipitation implemented in the reactor according to the invention.
- Figure 5 is a diagram of a cementation implemented in the reactor according to the invention.
- the term "metallic ores” is understood to mean polymetallic ores comprising, inter alia, those of the Shinkolobwe type or deposits of Swampo, Kasompi or Musonoi, polymetallic ores which are poor in uranium and copper ores cobaltifer as among others of the belt of Katanga characterized by the presence of traces of uranium.
- the term "metal ore” also means oxidized ores, often found on the surface of the deposit and sulphide ores, which are rather present at depth. This metal ore may be an ore that includes U, Cu, Co, Ni, in the presence of traces of noble metals such as Au, Ag and platinoids.
- the reactor 100 comprises a reaction vessel 1 in which the extraction of at least a first metal initially present in a first oxidation state in an aqueous phase can be carried out.
- the reaction vessel 1 comprises the aqueous phase and is the seat of the passage from the first metal of the first oxidation state to the second oxidation state.
- the reaction vessel 1 is connected to a lateral pipe 61 and to a lower pipe 62 and comprises stirring means 10.
- the lateral pipe 61 serves as the supplying an aqueous phase and the lower pipe 62 serves as an outlet for the aqueous phase or the lower pipe 62 serves as a feed in an aqueous phase and the lateral pipe 61 serves as an outlet for the aqueous phase.
- the pipe 62 is connected to another lateral pipe 63 provided with a drain valve 7.
- the reactor further comprises a feed for a gas 2 and an outlet for the latter 16.
- this output 16 of at least one gas is provided with control means.
- the gaseous pressure above the aqueous phase in the reaction vessel can be controlled and thus the efficiency of the hydrometallurgical processes improved thanks to an optimal gas pressure in the reaction vessel.
- the supply of at least one gas feeds said at least one gas, preferably through the bottom of the reactor.
- the two feeds are oriented in the same direction and the liquid-gas contact time is longer, which increases the chemical conversions in the tank. reaction.
- the two feeds circulate in countercurrent, which reduces the contact time but increases the diffusion of the gas phase in the aqueous phase.
- this may be stainless steel or carbon steel electrically insulated from the aqueous phase such as carbon steel, and optionally protected by an antacid resin coating, and all moving and static parts that are present.
- the dimensions of the tank are a function of the application that one wishes to implement.
- the vessel is sized with respect to the residence time (t s ) and feed rate of the aqueous phase in the reactor (Qi).
- the residence time of the liquid in the reactor is given by the relation:
- V u H u ⁇ D
- the reactor according to the invention is a universal reactor designed to perform several hydrometallurgical processes
- the internal diameter D, and the useful height H u of the reactor are determined in a H u / Dj ratio which makes it possible to achieve the necessary residence time and better gas absorption for complete completion of the extraction reaction, while adapting to the hydrometallurgical process.
- the thickness of the vessel is also a function of H u and D, and is preferably determined on the basis of mechanical engineering calculations to ensure its good performance.
- the thickness of the tank is, for example without being limited thereto, between 2 and 10 mm.
- the bottom of the reactor and its lid 21 may be in the form of hemispherical caps to complete the mechanical strength of the assembly.
- the height H s of the caps can be determined during the mechanical construction of the reactor.
- the bottom may be removable to facilitate the establishment of the various mechanisms and diffusers, for example coils in the reactor chamber which may include, if necessary, a stop-point for alignment of the axis of rotation.
- the lower part of the reactor can be thermally insulated, for example but not limited by this example, over the entire height H u with thermal insulation 18 such as rockwool wrapped with aluminum foil.
- the reaction vessel is thus provided with stirring means for agitating and homogenizing the aqueous phase contained therein wherein the passage of the first metal from the first oxidation state to the second oxidation state occurs.
- the stirring means comprise a rotary agitator mounted on a shaft to which a motor 22 prints a rotational movement and consists of blades of optimized number, shape and inclination.
- the mechanical mixing device comprises a support and guide system 14 of the axis of rotation 23 and a rotation system of the axis of rotation of the turbines 20.
- a powerful stirring is created in the reactor 100, for example, by turbines 10 of width d, each comprising six blades inclined at 45 ° on the horizontal (see Figures 2A and 2B). Indeed, the turbine with six blades induces a better dispersion of the gases in the liquid phase.
- the stirrer comprises two turbines 10, for example when 1 ⁇ H u / D, ⁇ 1, 8.
- the blades are retro-oriented so that the downward axial flow is along the axis and the upward flow along the wall.
- the intense agitation also annihilates the diffusion phenomena of the chemical species in the aqueous phase towards the reaction interface of the liquid-gas phases.
- the presence of the precipitated solid products and the agitation of the mechanical element amplifies the nucleation phenomenon. We see then to a secondary nucleation in place of a spontaneous nucleation slow and difficult to reach because requiring more internal energy.
- the agitator is driven by a rotation speed "n" which imposes a turbulent flow in the liquid.
- "n" is between 50 and 200 rpm.
- the tank is equipped with several counter-blades, vortex or baffles 11 of width ⁇ according to the condition: 0.05 ⁇ / D, ⁇ 0.12, to avoid entrainment of the liquid mass in the vessel by the rotational movement of the agitator.
- These vertical baffles can be arranged equidistantly on the circumference of the tank.
- the number of baffles is 4 for D, ⁇ 6m and 6 for D [> 6m.
- six baffles are installed and serve at the same time as fixing support for supplying the at least one gas, as described below. The agitator thus transforms the mechanical energy supplied into the kinetic energy of the liquid.
- a gas is injected into the aqueous phase at the same time and the stirring means contributes to improving the dispersion of the gas bubbles in the liquid.
- the supply of at least one gas is connected to at least one porous or pierced coil 91, 92, for example a surface coil distributed over the upper section.
- the supply of at least one gas may also contain several, preferably two, porous or pierced coils, for example at least two coils which are concentric.
- the diameter of the gas injection ports is between 2 and 4 mm to ensure the generation of gas microbubbles.
- the coils 91, 92 are supplied with gas mixture at a pressure "P g " from the last spiral in the bottom of the reactor.
- P 0 is equal to one atmosphere and P g is set according to: 1 ⁇ P g / P m in ⁇ 3.5.
- the coils can be in two half-coils to facilitate their placement and spaced a distance of 0.2 ⁇ d sp / Dj ⁇ 0.25.
- the coil 91 is fixed in the reactor on the baffles and the coil 92 is fixed on the coil 91.
- the reactor according to the invention comprises at least one control means, for example, located in a measuring zone of at least one parameter constituted by the oxidation-reduction potential (Eh), the temperature, the pH, the gas pressure , the gas flow rate, the liquid flow rate, and the volume of the aqueous phase.
- the reactor comprises a suitable system 13 for measuring the pressures and the (adjustable) flow rates of the gases, for example by suitable probes, as well as a level measurement probe 15.
- the reactor comprises a feed of a basic or acidic aqueous solution or suspension, for example of lime or magnesia, connected to a non-illustrated preparation and pumping installation with adjustable flow rate.
- the feed then comprises a plane spiral 8 half-moon positioned above the upper turbine 10 on either side of the axis of rotation.
- the pipe is perforated downwards on its lower semicircle and over its entire spiral length to feed the solution or suspension uniformly in the reaction zone by internal pumping through the turbine.
- the reactor 100 also comprises a heating element
- the reaction vessel 17 which may be added to the reaction vessel, for example a steam supply 3.
- a boiler for generating steam is also provided.
- the steam necessary for heating the aqueous phase is fed by a hemispherical cap spiral placed in the bottom of the tank and fixed on the curved baffles. This spiral regularly perforated over the entire circumference of the pipe and over its entire length is located in the feeding zone of the aqueous phases. The aqueous phase is thus heated before entering the reaction zone.
- the spiral is sized to provide the amount of steam needed.
- the high-pressure steam is preferably very hot, for example, it has a temperature of 200 to 300 ° C.
- the weir is the lateral tubular 61 and emerges from the tank, for example 25 cm from the lower flange, in a triangular shape, to supply the discharge zone.
- Weir 61 may have a height of 30 cm.
- a space over a certain height for example 50 cm, which can accommodate a hydraulic seal so that the gases do not escape through the spillway 61, but by the chimney 16 arranged in the upper cap, having passed through the entire height of the aqueous phase.
- the aqueous phase opens into the overflow zone 51 and is evacuated by the weir 61, while the gas accumulates in the discharge zone before discharging through the stack 16.
- the aqueous phase arrives in the overflow zone 51 and discharges out of the reactor through the weir 61.
- the reactor also comprises a separation means 5, for example a filter for collecting the first metal of the aqueous phase in the form of an oxide or hydroxide which is not soluble or which has said second oxidation state.
- a separation means 5 for example a filter for collecting the first metal of the aqueous phase in the form of an oxide or hydroxide which is not soluble or which has said second oxidation state.
- the reactor according to the invention also comprises conventional elements that support its operation, such as, for example, a station for producing or storing S0 2 (liquid or gaseous), an air compressor, a system mixing and analyzing (S0 2 ) gases before injection into the reactor, and a monitor for reading measurements and regulation.
- the reactor may also comprise a reservoir, for example an upstream or downstream reservoir, of an aqueous phase or of a buffer solution as well as a pumping installation and measurement of (adjustable) flow rates.
- the reactor is also equipped with at least one windbox, for example a pair of windboxes.
- the coils can be replaced according to the invention by a porous diffuser or membranes (a central and one or more circumferential to allow an optimal diffusion of the gas.
- applications carrier gas with a metal or oxidizing gas
- the most appropriate means of diffusion will be chosen.
- the reactor according to the invention is also equipped with a retaining structure.
- This structure may consist of sections of iron beam assembled by bolting on the vertical and horizontal faces of the beams and reinforced by flat iron braces mounted in a triangle.
- a square section retaining structure of 442 cm internal side and 522 cm outer side will be adopted for beams of 40 cm.
- the fixing plates of different parts of the reactor will lay on horizontal beams of the structure, also in 40 cm iron. These beams placed on corners, are also fixed in the structure by bolting.
- An external staircase attached to the structure provides access to the working floor at the top of the reactor.
- the different fixing trays can also be used as intermediate work floors.
- the various feeds of the reactants are advantageously made from above through the sealed cover of the reactor 100 to prevent a return of the aqueous phases in the pipes by hydrostatic pressure in case of accidental stop or pressure drop.
- it can be designed into several subsets so that certain modifications can be made to the design as described above.
- the present invention relates to a hydrometallurgical process designed for an extraction of at least a first metal present in a first oxidation state in an aqueous phase by passing to a second oxidation state accompanied by a change state of the material from liquid to solid or solid to liquid, by contact with one or more gases.
- This contact causes a change of state of at least one first metal by a transition from the first oxidation state to a second oxidation state different from the first oxidation state.
- the first metal can be recovered, in its second oxidation state, which is different from said first oxidation state. Therefore, the exit of the aqueous phase, discharged from the reactor 100 via the pipes 61 or 62, contains at least one first extracted metal having the second oxidation state and therefore another state of the material.
- the reactor according to the invention is designed to carry out the hydrometallurgical processes according to the invention, its characteristics for a pilot scale operation or on an industrial scale shown in Table 1.
- the ore rich in copper and cobalt therefore undergoes first of all, as can be seen in FIG. 3, an oxidative leaching for the copper and reducing agent for cobalt 601 from which the aqueous phase containing the copper is separated from the pulp to carry out in a subsequent step 602 a cementation of the copper on the aluminum.
- the aqueous phase containing the copper also contains iron, manganese, cobalt and magnesium.
- the copper present in a first oxidation state goes to the second oxidation state (0) in contact with the second more electronegative metal (for example aluminum) and precipitate.
- the second more electronegative metal for example aluminum
- Solid copper is thus recovered while the aqueous phase is further treated to precipitate and remove impurities such as iron and manganese by oxidation with a mixture of air and SO 2 .
- This precipitation step 603 is advantageously carried out in the hydrometallurgical reactor according to the invention. Iron and are recovered in the form of solid oxide or hydroxide while the aqueous phase is further treated to recover the aluminum in step 604. This step comprises neutralization of the aqueous phase with a base to precipitate hydroxide. aluminum, recover it and then calcine it to form alumina.
- the aqueous phase can then be treated for the recovery of cobalt, either by precipitation 605 or by cementation 610.
- the aqueous phase is then subjected to oxidation, for example by a gas mixture air / S0 2 which produces cobalt oxide C02O3 from Co (OH) 3 obtained from cobalt sulfate initially present in the aqueous phase.
- the first metal is cobalt present in the solubilized salt state and goes into the state of non-soluble CO 2 O 3 salt and precipitates.
- the pH of the aqueous phase is advantageously between 5 and 6, after neutralization by addition of a basic solution or suspension, for example by adding milk of magnesia so as not to pollute the precipitate.
- the nickel present in the aqueous phase in trace form will not be oxidized before cobalt. If the aqueous phase contains more nickel, it will be necessary to add a preliminary purification step to remove the nickel.
- the CO 2 O 3 salt is recovered by decantation, filtration, filter press washing and is then calcined and conditioned for its recovery.
- the aqueous phase advantageously circulates continuously in the hydrometallurgical reactor according to the invention which is stopped only for the recovery of cobalt oxide.
- the aqueous phase substantially depleted of cobalt is rich in magnesium.
- High concentration magnesium salts are generally harmful to the environment.
- This aqueous phase is therefore treated by adding a basic solution or suspension, for example by addition of limestone or milk of lime which allows the precipitation of g (OH) 2 at pH preferably> 10 (606).
- the solid Mg (OH) 2 present in the +2 oxidation state is recovered and can be reused as a neutralizer in the solution / basic suspension. Otherwise, the g (OH) 2 is rejected separately or simultaneously with the releases of iixiviation.
- the aqueous phase depleted in magnesium can then be further treated to plump solid discharges or ore in the leaching step 601. Otherwise, the aqueous phase can be treated again in a reactor according to the invention for the recovery of uranium when present (607).
- the aqueous phase resulting from the precipitation step of aluminum 604 is treated to recover cobalt by cementation 610, the aqueous phase feeds a hydrometallurgical reactor according to the invention which is further fed with aluminum powder, pneumatically in an inert gas.
- a solution / basic suspension for example milk of magnesia to promote the kinetics of the reaction.
- the cobalt thus cemented (optionally with aluminum or magnesium) is thus recovered and the aqueous phase is then optionally treated to precipitate aluminum hydroxide 611 before treating the wastewater in step 608.
- the cobaltic hydroxide precipitated in step 605 can be relixed in the reactor 100 in a sulfuric medium and in the presence of SO2.
- SO2 is, in this case of relixiviation pure oxide precipitates C02O3.XH2O, as a non-polluting reducing agent for the solution.
- the cobalt reagents are relixed according to the reactions:
- the reactor 100 can thus serve as a leaching reactor, for a pulp fed low density.
- the operation can be conducted under an atmosphere N 2 / S0 2 or air / S0 2 .
- a residence time ts of the appropriate aqueous phase is, for example, at least 2 hours.
- the relixed cobalt of step 609 may after cementation 610 to obtain the metallic cobalt in very high purity.
- Di is determined such that the metal elements remain in suspension in the aqueous phase during the entire cementation process.
- Di is reduced because the carburizing kinetics can be very large in a homogenized medium.
- a particular embodiment of reactor 100 is 1 ⁇ H u / D, ⁇ 1, 8, and preferably H u / D,> 2.
- a residence time t s of the appropriate aqueous phase is at least 2 hours, generally 2 to 3 hours, or at least 3 hours, for example if the iron content is relatively high and a precipitation yield of n greater than 90% is desirable.
- the waste water is then also treated 608 and neutralized by the limestone (filier) and the lime milk to precipitate Mg (OH) 2 at pH> 10.
- the clear water can be recycled to the process.
- the solids if not reused as a neutralizer in another process step, are discharged separately or at the same time as the leaching releases.
- the hydrometallurgical process comprises a precipitation 400, which can be carried out using a reactor 100 according to the invention, in which a change of state 413 takes place from the liquid state to the solid state of at least one first metal by oxidation to an insoluble oxide or hydroxide.
- the aqueous phase containing at least a first metal in solution may be a leaching leachate which comprises a metal salt which is soluble in an acidic aqueous phase, or any aqueous phase resulting from a purification step requiring the recovery of a first metal.
- the aqueous phase resulting from ore leaching and copper cementation can be treated in the hydrometallurgical reactor according to the invention and as an example the composition shown in Table 2.
- This reactor 100 makes it possible for example to treat ores of the Katangese region, presenting the standard composition.
- the aqueous phase is thus fed 411 into the reaction vessel 1 by said aqueous phase feed 61, 62 and is brought into contact with at least one gas 412, for example the air / SO 2 oxidizing gas mixture fed to the aqueous phase.
- the industrial production of certain oxides and hydroxides in the pure state can therefore be designed in the reactor 100 according to the invention by oxidation with an oxidizing mixture, for example an air / S0 2 gas mixture as a function of the pH, as shown in FIG. Table 3.
- an oxidizing mixture for example an air / S0 2 gas mixture as a function of the pH, as shown in FIG. Table 3.
- the reactor according to the invention implements the precipitation of Fe and Mn
- the latter can first be removed from the aqueous phase at pH 3.3 in the form of oxide or ferric hydroxide and MnO 2 , before the oxidative precipitation of cobalt at a higher pH, by the gas mixture air / SO 2 .
- the precipitation is done according to the reactions:
- the first metal (iron, manganese or both) then changes from the oxidation state +2 where it is in the form of an acid soluble salt to the higher oxidation state (+3 for iron and +4 for manganese).
- the neutralization of the aqueous phase can be carried out in lime better settlability and fi nerability of the precipitate
- the final content of Fe3 + in the aqueous phase will be only of the order of 0.5 mg / l
- the Al 3+ content can still reach 15 , 52 g / l, which corresponds to 54 g / l of cemented copper.
- Various precipitations can be carried out in continuous mode by making use of the reactor 100 according to the invention, designed specifically for this purpose.
- the aqueous phase seat of the reactions, is the continuous medium.
- the gaseous phase is the dispersed phase in the aqueous phase.
- it is necessary that the dispersion and the absorption of the gases in the aqueous phase are kinetically favored, which is advantageously obtained in a reactor type fountain column, including a pneumatically agitated column.
- the liquid-gas stirring and stirring of the aqueous phase are very intense and intimate, located in the turbulent regime. These conditions are achieved by mechanical agitation, particularly suitable according to the invention and by the presence of at least one suitable gas diffusion means such as a perforated or porous coil, a porous diffuser or membranes.
- the aqueous phase depleted of iron and / or manganese is preferentially treated to precipitate and recover aluminum 405, by neutralization of the aqueous phases.
- This recovery 405 can be carried out by neutralization with milk of magnesia so as not to pollute the precipitate of Al (OH) 3 , preferably at pH 5.
- the final content of Al 3+ in the aqueous phase is preferably of the order of 0, 12 mg / l. Cobalt does not precipitate at this pH and by washing sufficiently, the cobalt entrained in the aqueous phase can be recovered 409.
- This step of recovering solid AI 406 can also be followed by a solid / liquid separation, for example by decantation , clarification and filtration filter press after aging, process by which amorphous and colloidal hydrates precipitated progressively lose water to evolve crystallized forms easy to decant and filter.
- the precipitate of Al (OH) 3 is then calcined at 900 ° C. ⁇ T ⁇ 1000 ° C., to produce the marketable alumina (Al.sub.2O.sub.3) which is easily re-processable in the aluminum industry.
- the cobalt can be produced under control of pH by the milk of magnesia in the form of CO 2 O 3 after precipitation in the form of Co (OH) 3 in the +3 (solid) oxidation state 413 in the reactor 100 by the gaseous air mixture. / SO2 at a pH of 5 to 6.5.
- the cobalt is then recovered by solid / liquid separation 415 and each of the phases can be further processed.
- the cobalt can also be case-hardened 610 on Al in powder in the reactor 100 at a pH of 6 to 6.5.
- the wastewater from the process is treated 608 to precipitate Mg (OH) 2 with Ca (OH) 2 at pH> 10, before recirculation at the head of the process or pumping in the basin with solid leaching releases.
- the hydrometallurgical process comprises a cementation 500 which can be carried out using a reactor 100 according to the invention.
- a change of state 513 from the solid state liquid state of at least one first metal to a second more electronegative solid carburizing metal takes place.
- the aqueous phase containing at least a first metal in solution in the aqueous phase, for example in the form of metal cations resulting from a leaching or prior purification step, for example of precipitation, is fed into the reaction vessel 1
- the aqueous phase is brought into contact with a mixture of gas and second metal fed into the aqueous phase.
- the carburizing is therefore carried out by reducing the first metal, on the second metal, preferably in the form of powder or elemental metal particles.
- the first metal is thus cemented using the internal chemical energy of reaction and not the external energy supplied, for example, by a transformer rectifier.
- the aqueous phase exits the process 514 as an extract, for example by the tubing 61, containing at least a first extracted metal having the second oxidation state (solid).
- One or more steps 511, 512, 513, 514 of this method can be performed in continuous mode.
- the solids can be separated from the aqueous phase before the aqueous phase can be further processed as a precipitation or other cementation to extract other first metals.
- said second metal is aluminum
- a hydroxide or oxide salt on the surface of the grain of the second metal may form, which leads to the introduction of a ohmic resistance at the reaction interface where the carburizing reaction takes place.
- This phenomenon introduces a surge of resistance that can shift the carburizing kinetics from a diffusion control to a chemical control, with the consequent inhibition of carburizing.
- This phenomenon can occur under conditions of cobalt cementation on aluminum at neutral pH where AI (OH) 3 precipitates.
- Aluminum metal is sometimes passive by an oxide film AI 2 O 3 .
- the specific surface of the second metal is determined by the size of its grains.
- a powder having a particle size of between 30 and 100 ⁇ is preferable.
- the great fineness of the powder also annihilates any contamination of the cement by coating the grains.
- the supply of the powder of the second metal 512 for example aluminum
- the aluminum powder is therefore pneumatically transported and fed 512 into the tank 1 of the reactor 100, for example by the bottom in counter-current of the aqueous phase which is fed from above by the tubing 61.
- the transport gas at the same time serves as a stirring vector for the aqueous phase.
- the transport gas is nitrogen instead of the air generally used in industry. Nitrogen appears less reactive due to the high stability of the N 2 molecule.
- the gas flows are calculated to ensure the pneumatic transport of aluminum or magnesium dust.
- the gas of transport is preferably completely dry to avoid any risk of hydrolysis during transport.
- the minimum gas flow rate can be determined based on the minimum speed of transport. This speed is a function of the density of the metal transported, the size of the dust, the mass of the dust conveyed per unit volume of the gases.
- the maximum speed of transport is the limit speed which does not destroy the continuity of the liquid phase.
- the hydrometallurgical process according to the invention thus comprises, as mentioned above, a copper cementation step which can be carried out in the hydrometallurgical reactor according to the invention.
- the carburizing takes place on a battery in short circuit.
- AE ° being much greater than 0.36V
- the carburizing current is in the area of the diffusion limit current of Cu.
- the cementation kinetics is then controlled by diffusion and not by the electrochemical reaction.
- the deposit In the Cu 2+ / AI system the deposit is very rough (botryoidal) with very massive crystals.
- elevated first metal temperatures and concentrations favor coarse-grained deposits, while low temperatures and low first-metal concentrations favor fine-grained gloss deposits.
- the carburization temperature for the Cu 2+ / AI pair is 40 to 50 ° C.
- the treatment of the relatively rich aqueous phases (30 to 40 g / l Cu) makes it possible to limit the volume of the aqueous phases to be conveyed and thus to limit the reactor to an economic size.
- the aqueous phase having, after the cementation of copper, large volumes of nickel, cobalt and uranium, can then also be treated in the reactor 100 according to the invention.
- the cobalt can be recovered in the reactor 100 by cementation on Mg powder after adjustment of pH between 6.5 and 7 for example by the milk of magnesia.
- the temperature is then preferably between 60 and 70 ° C.
- Gold can also be recovered from the complex aqueous phases of cyanide or thiourea by Zn or Al cementation in a reactor 100 or in a Merril-Crowe workshop.
- the cementation of copper, cobalt or nickel is preferably followed by solid / liquid separation (S / L 515). The cement thus obtained is dried under a nitrogen atmosphere to avoid surface oxidation.
- Ni can be, as mentioned above, cemented on Mg powder in the reactor 100 according to the invention operating at a pH of 6.5 to 7, controlled by milk of magnesia.
- Ni 2+ and Co 2+ contained in the aqueous sulfuric phase are separated by oxidation and selective precipitation of CoOOH by the air / SO 2 gas mixture in the reactor 100, followed by the cementation of Ni 606, the nickel being a little more electropositive than cobalt.
- Nickel cements to a content such that:
- a second reactor 100 pushes the co-cementation to eliminate Ni which is collected in a Ni / Co mixed cement. Then, in a third reactor 100, cementation of the remaining cobalt can be continued.
- Residual Ni can also be removed by other chemical routes before precipitating pure Co.
- Industrial production of metallic cobalt or metallic nickel in the form of a pure powder by cementation on powdered aluminum metal or on magnesium powdered metal is carried out in the reactor 100 of the invention, the nitrogen gas being the pneumatic stirring vector and transporting the powder of the cementing metal in the reactor.
- the uranium can be recovered 607 from the aqueous phase by oxidation in the reactor 100 according to the invention with the gas mixture air / SO 2 according to the reaction:
- the final pH of the aqueous phase is preferably between 2.5 ⁇ pH ⁇ 3.5.
- the present invention therefore makes it possible to use a hydrometallurgical reactor to recover a metal ore (oxidized or sulphured), its concentrate or its sulphide roasting ash.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA2012/09005A ZA201209005B (en) | 2010-05-25 | 2012-11-28 | Hydrometallurgical reactor |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE2010/0314 | 2010-05-25 | ||
| BE2010/0314A BE1019347A3 (fr) | 2010-05-25 | 2010-05-25 | Reacteur hydrometallurgique. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2011147867A1 true WO2011147867A1 (fr) | 2011-12-01 |
Family
ID=42575761
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2011/058551 Ceased WO2011147867A1 (fr) | 2010-05-25 | 2011-05-25 | Reacteur hydrometallurgique |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE1019347A3 (fr) |
| CL (1) | CL2012003271A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2011147867A1 (fr) |
| ZA (1) | ZA201209005B (fr) |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8337789B2 (en) | 2007-05-21 | 2012-12-25 | Orsite Aluminae Inc. | Processes for extracting aluminum from aluminous ores |
| CN103305691A (zh) * | 2013-07-05 | 2013-09-18 | 伍耀明 | 一种大型硫酸常压强化浸出槽 |
| US9023301B2 (en) | 2012-01-10 | 2015-05-05 | Orbite Aluminae Inc. | Processes for treating red mud |
| CN104805289A (zh) * | 2015-03-26 | 2015-07-29 | 中国环境科学研究院 | 一种高镉溶液中镉离子的高效回收自动化装置及回收方法 |
| US9181603B2 (en) | 2012-03-29 | 2015-11-10 | Orbite Technologies Inc. | Processes for treating fly ashes |
| US9260767B2 (en) | 2011-03-18 | 2016-02-16 | Orbite Technologies Inc. | Processes for recovering rare earth elements from aluminum-bearing materials |
| US9290828B2 (en) | 2012-07-12 | 2016-03-22 | Orbite Technologies Inc. | Processes for preparing titanium oxide and various other products |
| US9353425B2 (en) | 2012-09-26 | 2016-05-31 | Orbite Technologies Inc. | Processes for preparing alumina and magnesium chloride by HCl leaching of various materials |
| US9382600B2 (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2016-07-05 | Orbite Technologies Inc. | Processes for preparing alumina and various other products |
| US9410227B2 (en) | 2011-05-04 | 2016-08-09 | Orbite Technologies Inc. | Processes for recovering rare earth elements from various ores |
| US9534274B2 (en) | 2012-11-14 | 2017-01-03 | Orbite Technologies Inc. | Methods for purifying aluminium ions |
| US9970077B2 (en) | 2012-04-26 | 2018-05-15 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd. | Method for adding starting material slurry and sulfuric acid to autoclave in high pressure acid leaching process and autoclave |
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| WO2010026599A1 (fr) * | 2008-09-08 | 2010-03-11 | Tata Steel Limited | Unité de réacteur sous pression à l'échelle du laboratoire avec un système d'acquisition de données et de régulation pour la lixiviation chimique de minéraux |
-
2010
- 2010-05-25 BE BE2010/0314A patent/BE1019347A3/fr active
-
2011
- 2011-05-25 WO PCT/EP2011/058551 patent/WO2011147867A1/fr not_active Ceased
-
2012
- 2012-11-23 CL CL2012003271A patent/CL2012003271A1/es unknown
- 2012-11-28 ZA ZA2012/09005A patent/ZA201209005B/en unknown
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| US3685965A (en) | 1968-12-03 | 1972-08-22 | Norddeutsche Affinerie | Redox precipitation of nonferrous heavy metals from aqueous solution |
| AU484130B2 (en) | 1973-12-27 | 1976-06-17 | Ici Australia Limited | Recovering copper from a copper-bearing solution |
| US3981966A (en) | 1974-07-26 | 1976-09-21 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Zinc recovery from acidic aqueous streams |
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| WO2000056943A1 (fr) | 1999-03-24 | 2000-09-28 | Lakefield Research Limited | Procedes de purification de solutions de cobalt contenant du fer et du manganese avec un melange d'oxydation de so2 et d'oxygene |
| WO2010026599A1 (fr) * | 2008-09-08 | 2010-03-11 | Tata Steel Limited | Unité de réacteur sous pression à l'échelle du laboratoire avec un système d'acquisition de données et de régulation pour la lixiviation chimique de minéraux |
Cited By (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8597600B2 (en) | 2007-05-21 | 2013-12-03 | Orbite Aluminae Inc. | Processes for extracting aluminum from aluminous ores |
| US8337789B2 (en) | 2007-05-21 | 2012-12-25 | Orsite Aluminae Inc. | Processes for extracting aluminum from aluminous ores |
| US9260767B2 (en) | 2011-03-18 | 2016-02-16 | Orbite Technologies Inc. | Processes for recovering rare earth elements from aluminum-bearing materials |
| US9945009B2 (en) | 2011-03-18 | 2018-04-17 | Orbite Technologies Inc. | Processes for recovering rare earth elements from aluminum-bearing materials |
| US9410227B2 (en) | 2011-05-04 | 2016-08-09 | Orbite Technologies Inc. | Processes for recovering rare earth elements from various ores |
| US10174402B2 (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2019-01-08 | Orbite Technologies Inc. | Processes for preparing alumina and various other products |
| US9382600B2 (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2016-07-05 | Orbite Technologies Inc. | Processes for preparing alumina and various other products |
| US9556500B2 (en) | 2012-01-10 | 2017-01-31 | Orbite Technologies Inc. | Processes for treating red mud |
| US9023301B2 (en) | 2012-01-10 | 2015-05-05 | Orbite Aluminae Inc. | Processes for treating red mud |
| US9181603B2 (en) | 2012-03-29 | 2015-11-10 | Orbite Technologies Inc. | Processes for treating fly ashes |
| EP2843064B1 (fr) * | 2012-04-26 | 2018-09-05 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd. | Procédé d'addition d'une suspension de matériau de départ et d'acide sulfurique dans un autoclave dans un procédé de lixiviation acide à haute pression et autoclave |
| US9970077B2 (en) | 2012-04-26 | 2018-05-15 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd. | Method for adding starting material slurry and sulfuric acid to autoclave in high pressure acid leaching process and autoclave |
| US9290828B2 (en) | 2012-07-12 | 2016-03-22 | Orbite Technologies Inc. | Processes for preparing titanium oxide and various other products |
| US9353425B2 (en) | 2012-09-26 | 2016-05-31 | Orbite Technologies Inc. | Processes for preparing alumina and magnesium chloride by HCl leaching of various materials |
| US9534274B2 (en) | 2012-11-14 | 2017-01-03 | Orbite Technologies Inc. | Methods for purifying aluminium ions |
| CN103305691B (zh) * | 2013-07-05 | 2014-09-10 | 伍耀明 | 一种大型硫酸常压强化浸出槽 |
| CN103305691A (zh) * | 2013-07-05 | 2013-09-18 | 伍耀明 | 一种大型硫酸常压强化浸出槽 |
| CN104805289A (zh) * | 2015-03-26 | 2015-07-29 | 中国环境科学研究院 | 一种高镉溶液中镉离子的高效回收自动化装置及回收方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE1019347A3 (fr) | 2012-06-05 |
| CL2012003271A1 (es) | 2013-08-30 |
| ZA201209005B (en) | 2013-08-28 |
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