WO2011145321A1 - マレイミド系化合物及びその互変異性体若しくは立体異性体、光電変換用色素、これを用いた半導体電極、光電変換素子および光電気化学電池 - Google Patents
マレイミド系化合物及びその互変異性体若しくは立体異性体、光電変換用色素、これを用いた半導体電極、光電変換素子および光電気化学電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011145321A1 WO2011145321A1 PCT/JP2011/002706 JP2011002706W WO2011145321A1 WO 2011145321 A1 WO2011145321 A1 WO 2011145321A1 JP 2011002706 W JP2011002706 W JP 2011002706W WO 2011145321 A1 WO2011145321 A1 WO 2011145321A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- group
- photoelectric conversion
- dye
- substituted
- semiconductor layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 0 **C(C(N(**)C1=O)=O)=C1C#N Chemical compound **C(C(N(**)C1=O)=O)=C1C#N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D409/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D495/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D495/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D495/04—Ortho-condensed systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B57/00—Other synthetic dyes of known constitution
- C09B57/008—Triarylamine dyes containing no other chromophores
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2059—Light-sensitive devices comprising an organic dye as the active light absorbing material, e.g. adsorbed on an electrode or dissolved in solution
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/631—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
- H01G9/2031—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a maleimide compound and a tautomer or stereoisomer thereof, a dye for photoelectric conversion, a semiconductor electrode using the same, a photoelectric conversion element, and a photoelectrochemical cell.
- a dye-sensitized solar cell (Gretzel solar cell) (Non-patent Document 1 and Patent Document 1) proposed by Dr. Gretzer et al. In 1991 of Switzerland is produced by a simple manufacturing process. It is expected as a next-generation solar cell because it can achieve the same conversion efficiency.
- a Gretzel-type dye-sensitized solar cell includes a semiconductor electrode in which a semiconductor layer having a dye adsorbed on a conductive base material, a counter electrode made of a conductive base material opposed to the electrode, and a gap between the two electrodes. A retained electrolyte layer.
- the adsorbed dye absorbs light and enters an excited state, and electrons are injected from the excited dye into the semiconductor layer.
- the dye that is in an oxidized state due to the emission of electrons returns to the original dye by transferring electrons to the dye by the oxidation reaction of the redox agent in the electrolyte layer. Then, the redox agent that has donated electrons to the dye is reduced again on the counter electrode side. This series of reactions functions as a battery.
- the effective reaction surface area is increased by about 1000 times by using porous titanium oxide in which fine particles are sintered in a semiconductor layer, and a photocurrent larger than the conventional one is obtained.
- the main feature is that it can be removed.
- a ruthenium complex is used as a sensitizing dye, and specifically, cis-bis (isothiocyanato) -bis- (2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid) ) Ruthenium (II) ditetrabutylammonium complex, cis-bis (isothiocyanato) -bis- (2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid) ruthenium (II), etc., ruthenium bipyridine complex, and terpyridine complex Tris (isothiocyanato) (2,2 ′: 6 ′, 2 ′′ -terpyridyl-4,4 ′, 4 ′′ -tricarboxylic acid) ruthenium (II) tritetrabutylammonium complex is used.
- Patent Document 6 describes a novel merocyanine dye and a method for producing the same.
- Patent Document 7 describes a semiconductor for a photoelectric conversion material containing a predetermined heterocyclic compound.
- a problem with dye-sensitized solar cells using ruthenium complexes is that noble metal ruthenium is used as a raw material for the dye.
- noble metal ruthenium is used as a raw material for the dye.
- organic dyes of non-ruthenium complexes have been proposed as sensitizing dyes in dye-sensitized solar cells.
- examples thereof include coumarin dyes (Patent Document 2), cyanine dyes (Patent Document 3), merocyanine dyes (Patent Documents 4 and 5), and the like. Since these organic dyes have a larger molar extinction coefficient than a ruthenium complex and also have a high degree of freedom in molecular design, development of dyes with high photoelectric conversion efficiency is expected. However, these organic dyes have a problem that it is difficult to obtain high photoelectric conversion efficiency as compared with a ruthenium complex.
- the present invention has been made in order to solve the above problems, and is a maleimide compound excellent in photoelectric conversion characteristics and a tautomer or stereoisomer thereof, a photoelectric conversion dye, a semiconductor electrode, a photoelectric conversion element, And it is providing a photoelectrochemical cell.
- the compound of the present invention is a maleimide compound represented by the following general formula (1), and a tautomer or stereoisomer thereof.
- R 1 represents a direct bond or a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group
- X represents an acidic group
- D represents an organic group containing an electron-donating substituent
- Z represents a linking group having at least one hydrocarbon group selected from an aromatic ring and a heterocyclic ring.
- the photoelectric conversion dye of the present invention is characterized by containing at least one of the maleimide compound of the present invention, a tautomer or a stereoisomer thereof.
- the semiconductor electrode for a photoelectrochemical cell of the present invention is characterized by having a semiconductor layer containing the dye for photoelectric conversion of the present invention.
- the photoelectric conversion element for photoelectrochemical cells of the present invention is characterized by having the semiconductor electrode for photoelectrochemical cells of the present invention.
- the photoelectrochemical cell of the present invention is characterized by having the photoelectric conversion element for a photoelectrochemical cell of the present invention.
- a maleimide compound excellent in photoelectric conversion characteristics and a tautomer or stereoisomer thereof, a photoelectric conversion dye, a semiconductor electrode, a photoelectric conversion element, and a photoelectrochemical cell are realized.
- the compound of this embodiment is a maleimide compound represented by the following general formula (1), and a tautomer or stereoisomer thereof.
- R 1 represents a direct bond or a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group (for example, a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propylene group, a butylene group, etc.). Among them, an alkylene group having 2 or less carbon atoms is exemplified. Preferred).
- X represents an acidic group (for example, a carboxy group, a hydroxy group, a sulfonic acid group, or a phosphonic acid group, among which a carboxy group is particularly preferable).
- the maleimide compound represented by the general formula (1) is used by being adsorbed on a semiconductor layer when a semiconductor electrode is produced. Therefore, it is necessary to have a functional group in the molecule that can be adsorbed to the semiconductor layer.
- the acidic group represented by X plays its role.
- organic group D represents an organic group containing an electron donating substituent.
- organic group D containing an electron-donating substituent include, but are not limited to, organic groups represented by the formula (2) or the formula (3) and organic groups represented by the chemical formulas (D1) to (D9). It is not something.
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 in the formula (2) each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group or heterocyclic group.
- the substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an n-butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, etc., an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a benzyl group, etc.
- Examples of the substituent bonded to the alkyl group include a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group (for example, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms), a phenyl group, and the like.
- Examples of the substituted or unsubstituted aryl group include phenyl group, tolyl group, 4-t-butylphenyl group, 3,5-di-t-butylphenyl group, 4-methoxyphenyl group, 4-hexyloxyphenyl group, 4 A substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 22 carbon atoms such as -octyloxyphenyl group, 4- (N, N-dimethylamino) phenyl group, 4- (N, N-diphenylamino) phenyl group;
- Examples of the substituent bonded to the aryl group include an alkyl group (for example, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms), a hydroxy group, an al
- Examples of the group moiety include an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms) and an N, N-diphenylamino group.
- Examples of the substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group include a thienyl group, a furyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an indolyl group, a carbazoyl group, and the like.
- Examples of the substituent bonded to the heterocyclic group include an alkyl group (for example, having 1 to 8 carbon atoms). Alkyl group), a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group (for example, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms), and the like.
- Ar 3 represents a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group or a substituted or unsubstituted divalent heterocyclic group.
- the substituted or unsubstituted arylene group include a phenylene group and a naphthylene group.
- the substituent bonded to the arylene group include an alkyl group (for example, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms), a hydroxy group, and an alkoxy group ( Examples thereof include alkoxy groups having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the substituted or unsubstituted divalent heterocyclic group include a thiophene diyl group, a furandiyl group, a pyrrole diyl group, and the like.
- Examples of the substituent bonded to the divalent heterocyclic ring include an alkyl group (for example, having 1 to 8 alkyl group), a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group (for example, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms), and the like.
- R represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group (for example, methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, heptyl group).
- An alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms such as an octyl group
- a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group eg, phenyl group, tolyl group, 4-t-butylphenyl group, 3,5-di-t-butylphenyl group) Group, 4-methoxyphenyl group, 4- (N, N-dimethyl) aminophenyl group.
- Z in the general formula (1) represents a linking group having at least one hydrocarbon group selected from an aromatic ring or a heterocyclic ring.
- the linking group Z is not particularly limited, but is preferably an atomic group that can be conjugated with the maleimide ring to which Z is bonded (that is, the maleimide ring shown in the general formula (1)).
- the linking group Z is preferably a linking group having a structure represented by at least the following general formula (4).
- R 2 and R 3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched alkoxy group, R 2 and R 3 may be connected to each other to form a ring.
- the substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group include an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an n-butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, and an octyl group.
- Examples of the substituent bonded to the group include a hydroxy group and an alkoxy group.
- Examples of the alkoxy group include an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, and a butoxy group.
- Y represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or NRa
- Ra represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.
- the substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an n-butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, etc., an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a benzyl group, etc.
- Examples of the substituent bonded to the alkyl group include a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group, and a phenyl group.
- Examples of the substituted or unsubstituted aryl group include phenyl group, tolyl group, 4-t-butylphenyl group, 3,5-di-t-butylphenyl group, 4-methoxyphenyl group, 4- (N, N-dimethyl group). Amino) phenyl group and the like.
- Examples of the substituent bonded to the aryl group include an alkyl group, a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group, and an N, N-dialkylamino group.
- linking group Z is shown in the chemical formulas (Z1) to (Z28), but are not limited thereto.
- carbons constituting the rings are directly bonded to each other or bonded by forming a condensed ring.
- a group in which a plurality of these linking groups are linked may be used.
- Examples of the combination of D and Z in the maleimide compound represented by the general formula (1) and its tautomer or stereoisomer include the following (a to i)-(1 to 27). Can be mentioned.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of the configuration of the photoelectric conversion element of the present embodiment.
- the photoelectric conversion element shown in FIG. 1 includes a semiconductor electrode 4, a counter electrode 8, and an electrolyte layer 5 held between both electrodes.
- the semiconductor electrode 4 includes a light transmissive substrate 3, a transparent conductive layer 2, and a semiconductor layer 1.
- the counter electrode 8 includes a catalyst layer 6 and a substrate 7. Note that a dye is adsorbed on the semiconductor layer 1.
- the dye adsorbed on the semiconductor layer 1 When light is incident on the photoelectric conversion element of this embodiment, the dye adsorbed on the semiconductor layer 1 is excited and emits electrons. The electrons move to the conduction band of the semiconductor, and further move to the transparent conductive layer 2 by diffusion. The electrons in the transparent conductive layer 2 move to the counter electrode 8 via an external circuit (not shown). Then, the electrolyte layer 5 is returned to the oxidized pigment again, and the pigment is regenerated to function as a battery.
- each component will be described with reference to FIG.
- the semiconductor electrode 4 includes a light transmissive substrate 3, a transparent conductive layer 2, and a semiconductor layer 1.
- a light transmissive substrate 3, a transparent conductive layer 2, and a semiconductor layer 1 are stacked in this order from the outside to the inside of the element.
- the semiconductor layer 1 is adsorbed with a dye (not shown in FIG. 1).
- the conductive substrate may have a single layer structure in which the substrate itself has conductivity, or a two-layer structure in which a conductive layer is formed on the substrate.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a conductive substrate having a two-layer structure in which a transparent conductive layer 2 is formed on a light-transmitting substrate 3.
- the substrate include a glass substrate, a plastic substrate, and a metal plate, and among them, a substrate having high light transmittance, for example, a transparent substrate is particularly preferable.
- the material for the transparent plastic substrate include polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polycarbonate (PC), polycycloolefin, and polyphenylene sulfide.
- the type of the conductive layer formed on the substrate is not particularly limited, but for example, indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (ITO)
- the transparent conductive layer 2 made of a transparent material such as Fluorine doped Tin Oxide (FTO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), or tin oxide (SnO 2 ) is preferable.
- the transparent conductive layer 2 may be formed in a film shape on the entire surface or a part of the surface of the substrate. Although the film thickness etc. of the transparent conductive layer 2 can be suitably selected, the film thickness is preferably about 0.02 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less. Such a manufacturing method of the transparent conductive layer 2 can be realized by using a well-known technique, and thus description thereof is omitted here.
- the conductive substrate of this embodiment can also use a metal lead wire for the purpose of reducing the resistance of the conductive substrate.
- the metal lead wire include metals such as aluminum, copper, gold, silver, platinum, and nickel.
- the metal lead wire is produced by vapor deposition, sputtering, etc., and ITO or FTO is provided thereon, or after the transparent conductive layer 2 is provided on the substrate (for example, the light transmissive substrate 3), the metal is formed on the transparent conductive layer 2.
- a method for producing a lead wire or the like may be applied.
- a single semiconductor such as silicon or germanium, a metal chalcogenide, a compound having a perovskite structure, or the like can be used.
- Metal chalcogenides include titanium, tin, zinc, iron, tungsten, indium, zirconium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, strontium, hafnium, cerium, or lanthanum oxide, cadmium, zinc, lead, silver, antimony, or bismuth. Sulfide, cadmium or lead selenide, cadmium telluride and the like.
- Examples of other compound semiconductors include phosphides such as zinc, gallium, indium, cadmium, gallium arsenide, copper-indium-selenide, copper-indium-sulfide, and the like.
- Examples of the compound having a perovskite structure include known semiconductor materials such as barium titanate, strontium titanate, and potassium niobate. These semiconductor materials can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the semiconductor layer 1 is preferably made of a semiconductor material containing titanium oxide or zinc oxide, and most preferably made of a semiconductor material containing titanium oxide. It should be configured.
- titanium oxide examples include anatase-type titanium oxide, rutile-type titanium oxide, amorphous titanium oxide, various titanium oxides such as metatitanic acid and orthotitanic acid, and titanium-containing titanium oxide composites.
- anatase type titanium oxide is preferable from the viewpoint of further improving the stability of photoelectric conversion.
- Examples of the shape of the semiconductor layer 1 include a porous semiconductor layer obtained by sintering semiconductor fine particles and the like, and a thin film semiconductor layer obtained by a sol-gel method, a sputtering method, a spray pyrolysis method, and the like. Moreover, it is good also as the semiconductor layer 1 which consists of a fibrous semiconductor layer and an acicular crystal
- the shape of the semiconductor layer 1 can be appropriately selected according to the purpose of use of the photoelectric conversion element. Among these, the semiconductor layer 1 having a large specific surface area such as a porous semiconductor layer or a needle-like semiconductor layer is preferable from the viewpoint of the amount of dye adsorption.
- the semiconductor layer 1 may be a single layer or a multilayer. By forming the multilayer, the semiconductor layer 1 having a sufficient thickness can be formed more easily.
- the porous multilayer semiconductor layer 1 formed from semiconductor fine particles may be composed of a plurality of semiconductor layers having different average particle diameters of the semiconductor fine particles. For example, the average particle diameter of the semiconductor fine particles of the semiconductor layer closer to the light incident side (first semiconductor layer) may be smaller than that of the semiconductor layer farther from the light incident side (second semiconductor layer).
- the first semiconductor layer absorbs a lot of light, and the light that has passed through the first semiconductor layer is efficiently scattered by the second semiconductor layer and returned to the first semiconductor layer, and the returned light is returned to the first semiconductor layer.
- the film thickness of the semiconductor layer 1 is not particularly limited, but is set to, for example, 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 45 ⁇ m or less from the viewpoint of permeability, conversion efficiency, and the like.
- the specific surface area of the semiconductor layer 1 can be, for example, 10 m 2 / g or more and 200 m 2 / g or less from the viewpoint of adsorbing a large amount of dye.
- the porosity of the porous semiconductor layer 1 is set to 40%, for example. It is preferable to be 80% or less.
- the porosity is the percentage of the volume of the semiconductor layer 1 occupied by the pores in the semiconductor layer 1 in percent.
- the porous semiconductor layer 1 is prepared by adding semiconductor fine particles together with an organic compound such as a resin and a dispersing agent to a dispersion medium such as an organic solvent or water. And this suspension is apply
- an organic compound is added to the dispersion medium together with the semiconductor fine particles, the organic compound burns during firing, and a sufficient gap can be secured in the porous semiconductor layer 1.
- the porosity can be changed by controlling the molecular weight and the addition amount of the organic compound combusted at the time of firing.
- Any organic compound can be used as long as it dissolves in the suspension and can be removed by burning when baked.
- examples thereof include polymers and copolymers of vinyl compounds such as esters and methacrylates.
- the type and amount of the resin can be appropriately selected and adjusted depending on the state of the fine particles used, the total weight of the entire suspension, and the like.
- the ratio of the semiconductor fine particles is 10 wt% or more with respect to the total weight of the entire suspension
- the strength of the produced film can be further sufficiently increased, and the ratio of the semiconductor fine particles is If it is 40 wt% or less with respect to the total weight, the porous semiconductor layer 1 having a large porosity can be obtained more stably, so the ratio of the semiconductor fine particles is 10 wt% with respect to the total weight of the entire suspension. % Or more and 40 wt% or less is preferable.
- semiconductor fine particles single or plural compound semiconductor particles having an appropriate average particle diameter, for example, an average particle diameter of about 1 nm to 500 nm can be used. Among these, from the viewpoint of increasing the specific surface area, those having an average particle diameter of about 1 nm to 50 nm are desirable. In order to increase the utilization factor of incident light, semiconductor particles having a relatively large average particle diameter of about 200 nm to 400 nm may be added.
- Examples of the method for producing semiconductor fine particles include a sol-gel method such as a hydrothermal synthesis method, a sulfuric acid method, and a chlorine method. Any method can be used as long as it can produce the desired fine particles. From this point of view, it is preferable to synthesize by a hydrothermal synthesis method.
- dispersion medium for the suspension examples include glyme solvents such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether; alcohols such as isopropyl alcohol; and mixed solvents such as isopropyl alcohol / toluene; and water.
- glyme solvents such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether
- alcohols such as isopropyl alcohol
- mixed solvents such as isopropyl alcohol / toluene
- Examples of the method for applying the suspension include known methods such as a doctor blade method, a squeegee method, a spin coating method, and a screen printing method.
- coating suspension drying and baking of a coating film are performed.
- the conditions for drying and firing are, for example, about 10 seconds to 12 hours in the range of about 50 ° C. to 800 ° C. in the air or in an inert gas atmosphere. This drying and baking can be performed once at a single temperature or twice or more at different temperatures.
- porous semiconductor layer 1 In addition, although the formation method of the porous semiconductor layer 1 was explained in full detail here, the other kind of semiconductor layer 1 can also be formed using various well-known methods.
- a method for adsorbing the dye to the semiconductor layer for example, a method in which a semiconductor substrate, that is, a conductive substrate having the semiconductor layer 1 is immersed in a solution in which the dye is dissolved, or a dye solution is applied to the semiconductor layer 1 is used.
- suck is mentioned.
- Solvents for this solution include nitrile solvents such as acetonitrile, propionitrile, methoxyacetonitrile, alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, ketone solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, and ethyl acetate.
- nitrile solvents such as acetonitrile, propionitrile, methoxyacetonitrile
- alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol
- ketone solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, and ethyl acetate.
- Ester solvents such as butyl acetate, ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane, amide solvents such as N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dichloromethane, chloroform and dichloroethane And halogen solvents such as trichloroethane and chlorobenzene, hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene, xylene and cyclohexane, water and the like. These may be used alone or in admixture of two or more.
- the solution when immersed in the dye solution for a certain period of time, the solution can be stirred, heated to reflux, or ultrasonic waves can be applied.
- a solvent such as alcohol
- the amount of the dye supported may be in the range of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 10 mol / cm 2 or more and 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 mol / cm 2 or less, particularly 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 mol / cm 2 or more and 9.0 ⁇ 10.
- a range of ⁇ 6 mol / cm 2 or less is preferable. This is because within this range, the effect of improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency can be obtained economically and sufficiently.
- two or more types of dyes may be mixed and used. It is preferable to select the type and ratio as appropriate.
- an additive may be used in combination when adsorbing the dye in order to suppress a decrease in conversion efficiency due to the association between the dyes.
- the additive include steroidal compounds having a carboxy group (for example, deoxycholic acid, cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, etc.).
- the counter electrode 8 in this embodiment has a catalyst layer 6 on a substrate 7.
- the catalyst layer 6 of the counter electrode 8 can be a metal vapor deposition film formed on the substrate 7 by vapor deposition or the like.
- a Pt layer formed on the substrate 7 may be used.
- the catalyst layer 6 of the counter electrode 8 may contain a nanocarbon material.
- the catalyst layer 6 of the counter electrode 8 may be formed by sintering a paste containing carbon nanotubes, carbon nanohorns, or carbon fibers on the porous insulating film. Nanocarbon materials have a large specific surface area and can improve the probability of annihilation of electrons and holes.
- the substrate 7 include a transparent substrate such as glass and a polymer film, and a metal plate (foil).
- a glass with a transparent conductive film is selected as the substrate 7, and platinum, carbon, or the like is formed thereon as a catalyst layer 6 by vapor deposition or sputtering. Can be produced.
- the electrolyte layer 5 used in the present embodiment needs to have a function of transporting holes generated from the dye adsorbed on the semiconductor layer 1 due to the incidence of light to the counter electrode 8, and the redox couple is dissolved in an organic solvent.
- a gel electrolyte obtained by impregnating a polymer matrix with a liquid obtained by dissolving a redox couple in an organic solvent, a molten salt containing a redox couple, a solid electrolyte, an organic hole transport material, and the like can be used.
- the electrolyte layer 5 is comprised from an electrolyte, a solvent, and an additive.
- metal bromide such as LiBr, NaBr, KBr, CsBr and CaBr 2
- a bromide such as a bromide salt of a quaternary ammonium compound such as tetraalkylammonium bromide and pyridinium bromide
- metal complexes such as ferricyanate and ferrocene-ferricinium ions
- sulfur compounds such as sodium polysulfide and alkylthiol-alkyldisulfides
- LiI, pyridinium iodide, or a combination of imidazolium iodide and I 2 is preferable.
- said electrolyte may be individual, or may mix and use 2 or more types.
- a molten salt that is in a molten state at room temperature can be used as the electrolyte.
- a solvent is not particularly required.
- Examples of the solvent for the electrolyte layer 5 include carbonate solvents such as ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and propylene carbonate, amide solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and N, N-dimethylformamide, and methoxypropio.
- carbonate solvents such as ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and propylene carbonate
- amide solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and N, N-dimethylformamide, and methoxypropio.
- Nitrile solvents such as nitrile, propionitrile, methoxyacetonitrile, acetonitrile, lactone solvents such as ⁇ -butyrolactone and valerolactone, ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, diethyl ether, ethylene glycol dialkyl ether, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl Alcohol solvents such as alcohol, aprotic polar solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide and sulfolane, 2-methyl-3-oxazolidinone, 2-methyl-1,3- Heterocyclic compounds such as oxolane like. These solvents may be used as a mixture of two or more if necessary.
- a basic additive may be added to the electrolyte layer 5 in the present embodiment in order to suppress dark current.
- the type of basic additive is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include t-butylpyridine, 2-picoline, 2,6-lutidine, and the like.
- the addition concentration in the case of adding a basic compound is, for example, about 0.05 mol / L or more and 2 mol / L or less.
- a solid electrolyte can also be used as the electrolyte.
- a gel electrolyte or a completely solid electrolyte can be used as the solid electrolyte.
- a gelling agent to which an electrolyte or a room temperature molten salt is added can be used.
- gelation can be performed by a technique such as addition of a polymer or an oil gelling agent, polymerization of coexisting polyfunctional monomers, or a crosslinking reaction of the polymer.
- examples of the polymer for gelation by adding a polymer include polyacrylonitrile and polyvinylidene fluoride.
- Oil gelling agents include dibenzylden-D-sorbitol, cholesterol derivatives, amino acid derivatives, alkylamide derivatives of trans- (1R, 2R) -1,2-cyclohexanediamine, alkylurea derivatives, N-octyl-D-glucone. Amidobenzoates, double-headed amino acid derivatives, quaternary ammonium salt derivatives and the like can be mentioned.
- the monomer used is preferably a compound having two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups, such as divinylbenzene, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol diacrylate, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, Examples include diethylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, and the like.
- a monofunctional monomer may be included in addition to the polyfunctional monomer.
- Monofunctional monomers include esters and amides derived from acrylic acid such as acrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide, methyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, and ⁇ -alkyl acrylic acids, dimethyl maleate, diethyl fumarate, dibutyl maleate Esters derived from maleic acid and fumaric acid such as dienes such as butadiene, isoprene and cyclopentadiene, aromatic vinyl compounds such as styrene, p-chlorostyrene and sodium styrenesulfonate, and vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate , Nitriles such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile, vinyl compounds having a nitrogen-containing heterocycle such as vinyl carbazole, vinyl compounds having a quaternary ammonium salt, N-vinylformamide, vinyl sulfonic acid, vinyl Nfuruoraido,
- the above monomer can be polymerized by a radical polymerization method.
- the radical polymerization of the monomer for gel electrolyte can be performed by heating, light, ultraviolet light, electron beam or electrochemically.
- the polymerization initiator used when forming a crosslinked polymer by heating include azo initiators such as 2,2′-azobis (isobutyronitrile) and 2,2′-azobis (dimethylvaleronitrile), Examples thereof include peroxide initiators such as benzoyl peroxide.
- the addition amount of the polymerization initiator is preferably 0.01% by mass or more and 15% by mass or less, and more preferably 0.05% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less with respect to the total amount of monomers.
- crosslinkable reactive groups are nitrogen-containing heterocycles such as pyridine ring, imidazole ring, thiazole ring, oxazole ring, triazole ring, morpholine ring, piperidine ring, piperazine ring, and preferred crosslinkers are alkyl halides, halogenated alkyls.
- Bifunctional or higher functional reagents capable of electrophilic substitution with respect to nitrogen atoms such as aralkyl, sulfonic acid ester, acid anhydride, acid chloride, and isocyanate are exemplified.
- a mixture of an electrolyte and an ion conductive polymer compound can be used.
- examples of the ion conductive polymer compound include polar polymer compounds such as polyethers, polyesters, polyamines, and polysulfides.
- copper iodide, copper thiocyanide, or the like can be introduced into the electrode by a method such as a casting method, a coating method, a spin coating method, a dipping method, or electrolytic plating.
- an organic hole transport material can be used instead of the electrolyte.
- organic hole transport materials include 2,2 ′, 7,7′-tetrakis (N, N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine) -9,9′-spirobifluorene (Adv. Mater. 2005, 17, 813), aromatic diamines such as N, N′-diphenyl-N, N′-bis (3-methylphenyl)-(1,1′-biphenyl) -4,4′-diamine (US Pat. No. 4,764). 625), triphenylamine derivatives (JP-A-4-129271), stilbene derivatives (JP-A-2-511262), hydrazone derivatives (JP-A-2-226160), and the like.
- the organic hole transport material can be introduced into the electrode by a method such as a vacuum deposition method, a cast method, a spin coating method, a dipping method, or an electrolytic polymerization method.
- the electrolyte layer 5 of the present embodiment There are roughly two methods for producing the electrolyte layer 5 of the present embodiment.
- One is a method in which the counter electrode 8 is first bonded on the semiconductor layer 1 on which the dye is adsorbed, and a liquid is formed in the gap.
- Another method is to sandwich the electrolyte layer 5, and the other is to form the electrolyte layer 5 directly on the semiconductor layer 1. In the latter case, the counter electrode 8 is formed on the electrolyte layer 5 after it is formed.
- the photoelectric conversion element of the present embodiment described above can be used for a solar cell, for example. Since the means can be realized according to the prior art, detailed description thereof is omitted here.
- ⁇ max in acetonitrile of the obtained dye was 563 nm.
- ⁇ max in acetonitrile of the obtained dye was 618 nm.
- ⁇ max of the obtained dye in tetrahydrofuran was 665 nm.
- ⁇ max of the obtained dye in acetonitrile was 575 nm.
- Example 5 ⁇ Production of photoelectric conversion element> ⁇ Preparation of semiconductor electrode and counter electrode >> First, semiconductor electrodes were produced in the following order. A glass with FTO (10 ⁇ cm 2 ) having a thickness of 15 mm ⁇ 15 mm and a thickness of 1.1 mm was prepared as a conductive substrate (light transmissive substrate with a transparent conductive layer).
- titanium oxide paste used as a material for the semiconductor layer 5 g of commercially available titanium oxide powder (product name: P25, manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.), 20 ml of 15 vol% acetic acid aqueous solution, 0.1 ml of surfactant (product name: Triton ( (Registered Trademark) X-100, manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ltd.) and 0.3 g of polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 20000) (product code 168-11285 manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) were stirred for about 1 hour to prepare.
- commercially available titanium oxide powder product name: P25, manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd.
- surfactant product name: Triton ( (Registered Trademark) X-100, manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ltd.
- polyethylene glycol molecular weight 20000
- this titanium oxide paste was applied onto a glass with FTO by a doctor blade method so that the film thickness was about 50 ⁇ m (application area: 10 mm ⁇ 10 mm).
- a glass with FTO coated with titanium oxide paste is inserted into an electric furnace, and is baked at 450 ° C. for about 30 minutes in an air atmosphere to be naturally cooled, thereby forming a porous titanium oxide semiconductor layer as a semiconductor layer. It was.
- a paste is prepared by mixing titanium oxide having an average particle diameter of 300 nm with the above-described titanium oxide paste at a weight ratio of 20% of the titanium oxide paste, and by screen printing, After being coated on the porous titanium oxide semiconductor layer with a thickness of 20 ⁇ m, it was naturally cooled by baking at 450 ° C. for about 30 minutes in an air atmosphere.
- a platinum layer having an average film thickness of 1 ⁇ m was deposited as a catalyst layer on a soda lime glass plate (thickness: 1.1 mm) as a counter electrode by vacuum deposition.
- dye was made to adsorb
- the maleimide compound M1 synthesized in Example 1 was dissolved in acetonitrile at a concentration of about 2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 M.
- the semiconductor electrode having the porous titanium oxide semiconductor layer described above was immersed in this dye solution and stored overnight. Thereafter, the semiconductor electrode was taken out of the dye solution, rinsed with acetonitrile to remove excess dye, and then dried in air.
- the cell portion is formed by the thermosetting resin film in which the semiconductor electrode after the dye adsorption treatment and the counter electrode are disposed so that the semiconductor layer and the catalyst layer face each other and the electrolyte layer has a notch that can penetrate into the gap.
- the periphery of was thermocompression bonded.
- ⁇ Injection of electrolyte layer An iodine-based electrolyte was injected into the above cell as an electrolyte layer from the counter electrode side using interfacial tension.
- the iodine-based electrolyte uses acetonitrile as the solvent, iodine 0.5 mol / L, lithium iodide 0.1 mol / L, 4-tert-butylpyridine 0.5 mol / L, 1,2-dimethyl-3- Propyl imidazolium iodide was prepared by adjusting to a concentration of 0.6 mol / L.
- Photocurrent measurement The photoelectric conversion element manufactured as described above is irradiated with light having an intensity of 100 mW / cm 2 under AM1.5 conditions with a solar simulator, and the generated electricity is measured with a current-voltage measuring device to obtain photoelectric conversion characteristics. As a result of the evaluation, a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 3.4% was obtained.
- Example 6 A photoelectric conversion element was produced in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the maleimide compound M2 was used instead of the maleimide compound M1. As a result of evaluating photoelectric conversion characteristics of the obtained photoelectric conversion element, 2.5% photoelectric conversion efficiency was obtained in the element using M2.
- Example 7 A photoelectric conversion element was produced in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the maleimide compound M3 was used instead of the maleimide compound M1. As a result of evaluating the photoelectric conversion characteristics of the obtained photoelectric conversion element, a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 4.2% was obtained in the element using M3.
- Example 8 A photoelectric conversion element was produced in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the maleimide compound M4 was used instead of the maleimide compound M1. As a result of evaluating the photoelectric conversion characteristics of the obtained photoelectric conversion element, a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 4.6% was obtained in the element using M4.
- a photoelectric conversion dye of the present invention can be used for semiconductor electrodes, photoelectric conversion elements, solar cells, and the like.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
- Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)
- Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本実施形態の化合物は、以下の一般式(1)で表されるマレイミド系化合物、及びその互変異性体若しくは立体異性体である。
本実施形態の光電変換素子の構成の一例を模式的に示す断面図を図1に示す。図1に示した光電変換素子は、半導体電極4と、対電極8と、両極間に保持された電解質層5と、を備える。半導体電極4は、光透過性基板3と、透明導電層2と、半導体層1と、を備える。対電極8は、触媒層6と、基板7と、を備える。なお、半導体層1には色素が吸着してある。
半導体電極4は、光透過性基板3と、透明導電層2と、半導体層1と、を備える。図1では、光透過性基板3と、透明導電層2と、半導体層1と、が素子の外側から内側に向かってこの順に積層した構成となっている。なお、半導体層1には色素(図1では記載していない)が吸着してある。
導電性基板は、基板自体が導電性を有している単層構造、または、基板上に導電層を形成した2層構造であってもよい。図1には、光透過性基板3上に、透明導電層2を形成した2層構造の導電性基板の例を示してある。基板としては、例えば、ガラス基板、プラスチック基板、金属板などが挙げられ、中でも光透過性の高い基板、例えば透明な基板が特に好ましい。透明なプラスチック基板の材料としては、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)、ポリエチレンナフタレート(PEN)、ポリカーボネート(PC)、ポリシクロオレフィン、ポリフェニレンスルフィド等が挙げられる。また、基板(例えば光透過性基板3)上に形成される導電層の種類は、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば酸化インジウムスズ(Indium-Tin-Oxide:ITO)、フッ素ドープ酸化スズ(Fluorine doped Tin Oxide:FTO)、インジウム-亜鉛酸化物(Indium Zinc Oxide:IZO)、酸化スズ(SnO2)などの透明材料から構成された透明導電層2が好ましい。透明導電層2は基板の全面または一部の面に膜状に形成されていてもよい。透明導電層2の膜厚などは適宜選択することができるが、膜厚は0.02μm以上10μm以下程度が好ましい。このような透明導電層2の作製方法は、周知の技術を利用して実現できるので、ここでの説明は省略する。
半導体層1を構成する材料としては、シリコン、ゲルマニウムのような単体半導体、金属のカルコゲニド、またはペロブスカイト構造を有する化合物等を使用することができる。金属カルコゲニドとしては、チタン、スズ、亜鉛、鉄、タングステン、インジウム、ジルコニウム、バナジウム、ニオブ、タンタル、ストロンチウム、ハフニウム、セリウム、あるいはランタンの酸化物、カドニウム、亜鉛、鉛、銀、アンチモン、またはビスマスの硫化物、カドニウムまたは鉛のセレン化物、カドニウムのテルル化物等が挙げられる。他の化合物半導体としては、亜鉛、ガリウム、インジウム、カドミウム等のリン化物、ガリウム砒素、銅-インジウム-セレン化物、銅-インジウム-硫化物等が挙げられる。また、ペロブスカイト構造を有する化合物としては、チタン酸バリウム、チタン酸ストロンチウム、ニオブ酸カリウム等の公知の半導体材料が挙げられる。これらの半導体材料は単独で用いることも2種類以上を混合して用いることもできる。これらの中でも、変換効率、安定性、安全性の観点からは、半導体層1が、酸化チタンまたは酸化亜鉛を含む半導体材料により構成されていることが好ましく、最も好ましくは酸化チタンを含む半導体材料により構成されているのがよい。酸化チタンとして、さらに具体的には、アナターゼ型酸化チタン、ルチル型酸化チタン、無定形酸化チタン、メタチタン酸、オルソチタン酸などの種々の酸化チタン、含酸化チタン複合体などが挙げられる。その中でも、光電変換の安定性をさらに向上させる観点からは、アナターゼ型酸化チタンであることが好ましい。
次に、半導体層1の形成方法について、多孔性の半導体層1を例にとって説明する。多孔性の半導体層1は、例えば、半導体微粒子を樹脂などの有機化合物および分散剤とともに、有機溶媒や水など分散媒に加えて懸濁液を調製する。そして、この懸濁液を導電性基板(図1では透明導電層2)上に塗布し、これを乾燥、焼成することによって形成する。半導体微粒子とともに分散媒に有機化合物を添加しておくと、焼成時に有機化合物が燃焼して、多孔性の半導体層1内にさらに充分な隙間を確保することが可能となる。また焼成時に燃焼する有機化合物の分子量や添加量を制御することで空隙率を変化させることができる。
本実施形態の光電変換素子における色素は、上述した、一般式(1)で表される本実施形態のマレイミド系化合物を用いる。
本実施形態における対電極8は、基板7上に触媒層6を有している。本実施形態の光電変換素子では、光の入射に起因して半導体層1に吸着した色素から発生したホールが、電解質層5を通して対電極8まで運ばれるが、対電極8は電子とホールが効率よく対消滅するという機能を果たせれば材料に制限はない。対電極8の触媒層6は、蒸着法などによって、基板7上に形成した金属蒸着膜とすることができる。例えば、基板7に形成されたPt層であってもよい。また、対電極8の触媒層6には、ナノカーボン材料を含んでいてもよい。例えば、カーボンナノチューブ、カーボンナノホーン、または、カーボンファイバーを含んだペーストを多孔性絶縁膜上に焼結して対電極8の触媒層6を形成してよい。ナノカーボン材料は比表面積が大きく、電子とホールの対消滅確率を向上できる。基板7としては、ガラスや高分子フィルム等の透明基板、金属板(箔)などが挙げられる。なお、光透過性の対電極8を作製するためには、基板7として透明電導膜付きガラスを選択し、その上に蒸着法やスパッタ法を用いて白金やカーボンなどを触媒層6として形成して作製することができる。
本実施形態に用いる電解質層5としては、光の入射に起因して半導体層1に吸着した色素から発生したホールを対電極8にまで輸送する機能が必要で、酸化還元対を有機溶媒に溶解した電解液、酸化還元対を有機溶媒に溶解した液体をポリマーマトリックスに含浸したゲル電解質、酸化還元対を含有する溶融塩、固体電解質、有機正孔輸送材料等を用いることができる。また、電解質層5は、電解質、溶媒及び添加物から構成される。
<マレイミド系化合物M1の合成>
<マレイミド系化合物M2の合成>
<マレイミド系化合物M3の合成>
<マレイミド系化合物M4の合成>
<光電変換素子の作製>
<<半導体電極および対電極の作製>>
まず、半導体電極を次のような順序で作製した。15mm×15mmで厚さが1.1mmのFTO付きガラス(10Ωcm2)を、導電性基板(透明導電層付き光透過性基板)として準備した。
次に、上述の酸化チタン薄膜からなる半導体層の表面に色素を吸着させた。色素には、実施例1で合成したマレイミド系化合物M1を、2×10-4M程度の濃度でアセトニトリル中に溶かしたものを用いた。この色素溶液中に上述の多孔性の酸化チタン半導体層を有する半導体電極を浸して一晩保管した。その後、色素溶液から半導体電極を取り出し、アセトニトリルでリンスして余分な色素を除去し、その後、空気中で乾燥させた。
上述の色素吸着処理後の半導体電極と上述の対電極とを、半導体層と触媒層が対向するように配置し、電解質層が隙間に浸透できるだけの切り目を入れた熱硬化性樹脂フィルムによりセル部分の周囲を熱圧着した。
上述のセルに電解質層としてヨウ素系電解質を対電極側から界面張力を利用して注入した。ヨウ素系電解質は、溶剤にアセトニトリルを用い、ヨウ素を0.5mol/L、ヨウ化リチウムを0.1mol/L、4-tert-ブチルピリジンを0.5mol/L、1,2-ジメチル-3-プロピルイミダゾリウムアイオダイドを0.6mol/Lの濃度となるように調整して作製した。
上述のようにして作製した光電変換素子に、ソーラーシミュレータでAM1.5条件下の100mW/cm2の強度の光を照射して、発生した電気を電流電圧測定装置で測定し、光電変換特性を評価した結果、3.4%の光電変換効率が得られた。
マレイミド系化合物M1に代えて、マレイミド系化合物M2を用いた以外は、実施例5と同様にして光電変換素子を作製した。得られた光電変換素子の光電変換特性を評価した結果、M2を用いた素子では、2.5%の光電変換効率が得られた。
マレイミド系化合物M1に代えて、マレイミド系化合物M3を用いた以外は、実施例5と同様にして光電変換素子を作製した。得られた光電変換素子の光電変換特性を評価した結果、M3を用いた素子では、4.2%の光電変換効率が得られた。
マレイミド系化合物M1に代えて、マレイミド系化合物M4を用いた以外は、実施例5と同様にして光電変換素子を作製した。得られた光電変換素子の光電変換特性を評価した結果、M4を用いた素子では、4.6%の光電変換効率が得られた。
Claims (9)
- 前記酸性基が、カルボキシ基、ヒドロキシ基、スルホン酸基、または、ホスホン酸基であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のマレイミド系化合物、及びその互変異性体若しくは立体異性体。
- 請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載のマレイミド系化合物、及びその互変異性体若しくは立体異性体の少なくとも一種を含むことを特徴とする光電変換用色素。
- 請求項5記載の光電変換用色素を含む半導体層を有することを特徴とする半導体電極。
- 前記半導体層が、酸化チタンまたは酸化亜鉛を含むことを特徴とする請求項6記載の半導体電極。
- 請求項6または7記載の半導体電極を有することを特徴とする光電変換素子。
- 請求項8記載の光電変換素子を有することを特徴とする光電気化学電池。
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012515748A JPWO2011145321A1 (ja) | 2010-05-18 | 2011-05-16 | マレイミド系化合物及びその互変異性体若しくは立体異性体、光電変換用色素、これを用いた半導体電極、光電変換素子および光電気化学電池 |
| US13/697,974 US8933329B2 (en) | 2010-05-18 | 2011-05-16 | Maleimide-based compound, and tautomer or stereoisomer thereof, dye for photoelectric conversion, and semiconductor electrode, photoelectric conversion element and photoelectrochemical cell using the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010114568 | 2010-05-18 | ||
| JP2010-114568 | 2010-05-18 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2011145321A1 true WO2011145321A1 (ja) | 2011-11-24 |
Family
ID=44991439
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2011/002706 Ceased WO2011145321A1 (ja) | 2010-05-18 | 2011-05-16 | マレイミド系化合物及びその互変異性体若しくは立体異性体、光電変換用色素、これを用いた半導体電極、光電変換素子および光電気化学電池 |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8933329B2 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPWO2011145321A1 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2011145321A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014507397A (ja) * | 2010-12-22 | 2014-03-27 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア | ナフタリンモノイミド誘導体、及び当該誘導体を、太陽電池及び光検出器における光増感剤として用いる使用 |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5179207A (en) * | 1991-08-19 | 1993-01-12 | Eastman Kodak Company | Substituted 2-amino-5-maleimido thiophenes and substituted 2-amino-maleimido thiazoles |
| JPH05188217A (ja) * | 1991-06-14 | 1993-07-30 | Eastman Kodak Co | カラーフィルターアレイ素子用のマレイミドブルー染料 |
| JP2002264502A (ja) * | 2001-03-07 | 2002-09-18 | Nippon Kayaku Co Ltd | 光情報記録媒体 |
| JP2005019124A (ja) * | 2003-06-25 | 2005-01-20 | Konica Minolta Holdings Inc | 光電変換材料用半導体、光電変換素子および太陽電池 |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH674596A5 (ja) | 1988-02-12 | 1990-06-15 | Sulzer Ag | |
| JPH09255883A (ja) | 1996-03-26 | 1997-09-30 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 新規メロシアニン染料およびそれの製造方法 |
| US6034150A (en) * | 1996-08-23 | 2000-03-07 | University Of Southern Mississippi | Polymerization processes using aliphatic maleimides |
| JP4201095B2 (ja) | 1998-02-20 | 2008-12-24 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 光電変換素子および光電気化学電池 |
| JP2001076773A (ja) | 1999-08-31 | 2001-03-23 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 光電変換素子および光電気化学電池ならびに新規スクアリリウムシアニン色素 |
| US7250521B2 (en) * | 2001-04-09 | 2007-07-31 | Bayer Cropscience Aktiengesellschaft | Method for production of Δ1-pyrrolines |
| JP4542741B2 (ja) | 2002-09-02 | 2010-09-15 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 有機色素を光増感剤とする半導体薄膜電極、光電変換素子及び光電気化学太陽電池 |
| JP4326272B2 (ja) | 2003-06-26 | 2009-09-02 | 三菱製紙株式会社 | 色素増感型太陽電池用色素 |
-
2011
- 2011-05-16 US US13/697,974 patent/US8933329B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-05-16 WO PCT/JP2011/002706 patent/WO2011145321A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2011-05-16 JP JP2012515748A patent/JPWO2011145321A1/ja not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05188217A (ja) * | 1991-06-14 | 1993-07-30 | Eastman Kodak Co | カラーフィルターアレイ素子用のマレイミドブルー染料 |
| US5179207A (en) * | 1991-08-19 | 1993-01-12 | Eastman Kodak Company | Substituted 2-amino-5-maleimido thiophenes and substituted 2-amino-maleimido thiazoles |
| JP2002264502A (ja) * | 2001-03-07 | 2002-09-18 | Nippon Kayaku Co Ltd | 光情報記録媒体 |
| JP2005019124A (ja) * | 2003-06-25 | 2005-01-20 | Konica Minolta Holdings Inc | 光電変換材料用半導体、光電変換素子および太陽電池 |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014507397A (ja) * | 2010-12-22 | 2014-03-27 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア | ナフタリンモノイミド誘導体、及び当該誘導体を、太陽電池及び光検出器における光増感剤として用いる使用 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US8933329B2 (en) | 2015-01-13 |
| US20130056690A1 (en) | 2013-03-07 |
| JPWO2011145321A1 (ja) | 2013-07-22 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP5022413B2 (ja) | イミダゾリウム化合物及びピリジニウム化合物 | |
| Tang et al. | New starburst sensitizer with carbazole antennas for efficient and stable dye-sensitized solar cells | |
| JP4363553B2 (ja) | 電解質組成物、光電変換素子および光電気化学電池 | |
| JP4620224B2 (ja) | 電解質組成物 | |
| WO2013121835A1 (ja) | スピロビフルオレン誘導体、光電変換素子用色素、これを用いた半導体電極、光電変換素子および光電気化学電池 | |
| KR101320999B1 (ko) | 신규한 유기염료 및 이의 제조방법 | |
| KR20130082489A (ko) | 신규한 티오펜계 염료 및 이의 제조방법 | |
| JP2012084503A (ja) | 光電変換素子、光電気化学電池及び色素 | |
| JP5869481B2 (ja) | 金属錯体色素、光電変換素子及び光電気化学電池 | |
| TWI472512B (zh) | 貴金屬釕類感光劑及其製備方法 | |
| WO2013042699A1 (ja) | スピロビフルオレン系化合物、光電変換素子用色素、これを用いた光電変換素子 | |
| WO2012063753A1 (ja) | インドール系化合物、並びにこれを用いた光電変換用色素、半導体電極、光電変換素子および光電気化学電池 | |
| JP2003092153A (ja) | 電解質組成物、光電変換素子及び光電池 | |
| JP2003017148A (ja) | 電解質組成物、光電変換素子及び光電気化学電池 | |
| WO2012111610A1 (ja) | チアゾール系化合物及びその用途 | |
| JP2014043401A (ja) | 金属錯体、およびそれを用いた色素増感太陽電池 | |
| WO2013042414A1 (ja) | ジチエノピロール系化合物、光電変換素子用色素、これを用いた光電変換素子用半導体電極、および光電変換素子 | |
| JP5816111B2 (ja) | 金属錯体色素組成物、光電変換素子及び光電気化学電池 | |
| JP2012051952A (ja) | 色素、光電変換素子及び光電気化学電池 | |
| JP2002367426A (ja) | 電解質組成物、光電変換素子及び光電気化学電池 | |
| WO2011083527A1 (ja) | 光電変換用色素、半導体電極、光電変換素子、太陽電池、および、新規ピロリン系化合物 | |
| JP5235952B2 (ja) | ツイッターイオン型有機塩 | |
| Chang et al. | Bistriphenylamine-based organic sensitizers with high molar extinction coefficients for dye-sensitized solar cells | |
| JP4520727B2 (ja) | ピロリジニウム塩、電解質組成物、光電変換素子及び光化学電池 | |
| WO2011145321A1 (ja) | マレイミド系化合物及びその互変異性体若しくは立体異性体、光電変換用色素、これを用いた半導体電極、光電変換素子および光電気化学電池 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 11783258 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2012515748 Country of ref document: JP |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 13697974 Country of ref document: US |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
| 122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 11783258 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |