WO2011033200A1 - Heat transfer method - Google Patents
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- WO2011033200A1 WO2011033200A1 PCT/FR2010/051749 FR2010051749W WO2011033200A1 WO 2011033200 A1 WO2011033200 A1 WO 2011033200A1 FR 2010051749 W FR2010051749 W FR 2010051749W WO 2011033200 A1 WO2011033200 A1 WO 2011033200A1
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- refrigerant
- pentafluoropropane
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
- C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
- C09K2205/122—Halogenated hydrocarbons
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of heat transfer using a composition containing pentafluoropropane and 1,2-trans dichloroethylene. More particularly, it relates to the use of a composition containing pentafluoropropane and 1,2-trans dichloroethylene in heat pumps.
- ODP ozone depletion potential
- HFC-134a hydrofluorocarbon (1, 1, 1, 2 tetrafluoroethane: HFC-134a ), less harmful for the ozone layer.
- CFC-12 chlorofluorocarbon
- HFC-134a hydrofluorocarbon (1, 1, 1, 2 tetrafluoroethane: HFC-134a )
- GWP 1300
- the contribution to the greenhouse effect of a fluid is quantified by a criterion, the GWP (Global Warming Potential) which summarizes the warming power by taking a reference value of 1 for carbon dioxide.
- US 5788886 discloses pentafluoropropane and fluoropropane compositions such as tetrafluoropropane, trifluoropropane, difluoropropane or fluoropropane; 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutane (CF 3 ) 2 CHCH 3 ; 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane; a hydrocarbon such as butane, cyclopropane, isobutane, propane, pentane; or propylene; or dimethyl ether.
- This document teaches the use of these compositions in particular as refrigerants, cleaning agents and blowing agents.
- compositions containing 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane and 1,2-trans dichloroethylene are particularly suitable heat transfer fluid in heat pumps, in particular heat pumps operating at high condensing temperature.
- these compositions have a negligible ODP and a GWP lower than that of existing heat transfer fluids.
- a heat pump is a thermodynamic device that transfers heat from the coldest environment to the hottest environment.
- the heat pumps used for heating are called compression and the operation is based on the principle of cycle with compression of fluids, called refrigerants.
- These heat pumps operate with compression systems with one or more stages. At a given stage, when the refrigerant is compressed from the gaseous state to the liquid state, an exothermic reaction (condensation) occurs which produces heat. Conversely, if the fluid is expanded from the liquid state to the gaseous state, an endothermic reaction (evaporation) occurs which produces a cold sensation. Everything rests on the change of state of a fluid used in closed circuit.
- Each stage of a compression system comprises (i) an evaporation step during which, in contact with the calories drawn from the environment, the refrigerant, thanks to its low boiling point, changes from the liquid state in the state of gas, (ii) a compression step during which the gas of the preceding step is brought to high pressure, (iii) a condensation step during which the gas will transmit its heat to the circuit heater ; the refrigerant, always compressed, becomes liquid again and (iv) a relaxation step during which the fluid pressure is reduced.
- the fluid is ready for a new absorption of calories from the cold environment.
- the present invention relates to a heat transfer process using a compression system comprising at least one stage successively comprising a step of evaporating a refrigerant, a compression step, a step of condensing said fluid to a a temperature greater than or equal to 35 ° C and a step of expanding said fluid characterized in that the refrigerant comprises from 75 to 99% by weight of 1, 1, 1, 3,3-pentafluoropropane and from 1 to 25% by weight 1,2-trans dichloroethylene.
- the condensation temperature of the refrigerant is between 70 and 150 ° C, and advantageously between 95 and 140 ° C.
- the refrigerant comprises from 84 to 98% by weight of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane and from 2 to 16% by weight 1,2-trans dichloroethylene.
- the refrigerant used in the process according to the present invention may comprise lubricants such as mineral oil, alkylbenzene, polyalkylene glycol and polyvinyl ether.
- the refrigerant used in the process of the present invention provides superior performance to existing fluids and is highly miscible with lubricants.
- the refrigerant has a high critical temperature.
- the preferred refrigerant is further non-flammable according to ASTM E681.
- the present invention also relates to a heat device containing a refrigerant as described above.
- the RK-Soave equation is used to calculate densities, enthalpies, entropies and vapor-liquid equilibrium data of mixtures.
- the use of this equation requires knowledge of the properties of the pure bodies used in the mixtures in question and also the interaction coefficients for each binary.
- HFC-245fa Boiling temperature, temperature and critical pressure, the pressure versus temperature curve from the boiling point to the critical point, the saturated liquid and saturated vapor densities as a function of temperature.
- the RK-Soave equation uses binary interaction coefficients to represent the behavior of products in mixtures.
- the coefficients are calculated based on the experimental liquid-vapor equilibrium data.
- COP coefficient of performance
- The% COP is the COP report of each composition against the COP of CFC-1 14.
- the volumetric capacity (CAP) is defined as the useful power supplied by the system per m 3 of the compressed product by the compressor.
- The% CAP is the ratio of the CAP of each composition to the CAP of the
- the compression system operates between an evaporator refrigerant outlet temperature of 80 ° C, condenser refrigerant outlet temperature of 140 ° C and sub-cooling 10 ° C and superheat temperature of 5 ° C.
- the isentropic efficiency of the system in question is 59%.
- compositions according to the invention under heat pump operating conditions are given in Table 1.
- values of the constituents (HFC-245fa, 1,2-transdichloroethylene TDCE) for each composition are given in percent by weight.
- Evap P is the pressure on the evaporator
- Cond P is the condenser pressure
- T cond is the condensation temperature
- Comp input temp is the compressor input temperature
- Temp output comp is the temperature at the compressor output
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
PROCEDE DE TRANSFERT DE CHALEUR HEAT TRANSFER METHOD
La présente invention concerne un procédé de transfert de chaleur à l'aide d'une composition renfermant le pentafluoropropane et le 1 ,2-trans dichloroethylene. Elle a plus particulièrement pour objet l'utilisation d'une composition renfermant le pentafluoropropane et le 1 ,2-trans dichloroethylene dans les pompes à chaleur. The present invention relates to a method of heat transfer using a composition containing pentafluoropropane and 1,2-trans dichloroethylene. More particularly, it relates to the use of a composition containing pentafluoropropane and 1,2-trans dichloroethylene in heat pumps.
Les problèmes posés par les substances appauvrissant la couche d'ozone atmosphérique (ODP : ozone depletion potential) ont été traités à Montréal où a été signé le protocole imposant une réduction de la production et de l'utilisation des chlorofluorocarbures (CFC). Ce protocole a fait l'objet d'amendements qui ont imposé l'abandon des CFC et étendu la réglementation à d'autres produits. The problems posed by ozone depletion potential (ODP) have been addressed in Montreal, where the protocol for reducing the production and use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) has been signed. This protocol has been the subject of amendments requiring the abandonment of CFCs and extending the regulation to other products.
L'industrie de la réfrigération et de la production d'air conditionné a beaucoup investi dans la substitution de ces fluides frigorigènes. The refrigeration and air-conditioning industry has invested heavily in substituting these refrigerants.
Dans l'industrie automobile, les systèmes de climatisation des véhicules commercialisés dans de nombreux pays sont passés d'un fluide frigorigène au chlorofluorocarbure (CFC-12) à celui de l'hydrofluorocarbure (1 ,1 ,1 ,2 tetrafluoroéthane : HFC-134a), moins nocif pour la couche d'ozone. Cependant, au regard des objectifs fixés par le protocole de Kyoto, le HFC-134a (GWP = 1300) est considéré comme ayant un pouvoir de réchauffement élevé. La contribution à l'effet de serre d'un fluide est quantifiée par un critère, le GWP (Global Warming Potential) qui résume le pouvoir de réchauffement en prenant une valeur de référence de 1 pour le dioxyde de carbone. In the automotive industry, the air conditioning systems of vehicles marketed in many countries have moved from a refrigerant to chlorofluorocarbon (CFC-12) to that of hydrofluorocarbon (1, 1, 1, 2 tetrafluoroethane: HFC-134a ), less harmful for the ozone layer. However, in view of the objectives set by the Kyoto Protocol, HFC-134a (GWP = 1300) is considered to have a high warming potential. The contribution to the greenhouse effect of a fluid is quantified by a criterion, the GWP (Global Warming Potential) which summarizes the warming power by taking a reference value of 1 for carbon dioxide.
Dans le domaine des pompes à chaleur, des substituts au dichlorotetrafluoroéthane (CFC-1 14), utilisé dans des conditions de température de condensation élevée, ont été proposés. Ainsi, le document US 6814884 décrit une composition comprenant du 1 ,1 ,1 ,3,3-pentafluorobutane (HFC-365mfc) et au moins un composé choisi parmi le 1 ,1 ,1 ,2 tetrafluoroéthane, le pentafluoroéthane (HFC-125), le 1 ,1 ,1 ,3,3- pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa) et le 1 ,1 ,1 ,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (HFC- 227ea). Cependant, ces compositions sont peu performantes car elles ont un grand glissement de température et une faible capacité calorifique (la capacité calorifique est inférieure à 60% par rapport au CFC-1 14) ; en outre, la présence du HFC-227ea et HFC-125 conduisent à un GWP élevé. In the heat pump field, substitutes for dichlorotetrafluoroethane (CFC-14), used in conditions of high condensing temperature, have been proposed. Thus, the document US Pat. No. 6,814,884 describes a composition comprising 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (HFC-365mfc) and at least one compound chosen from 1, 1, 1, 2 tetrafluoroethane and pentafluoroethane (HFC-125). ), 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa) and 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ea). However, these compositions are not very efficient because they have a large temperature drift and low heat capacity (heat capacity is less than 60% compared to CFC-1 14); in addition, the presence of HFC-227ea and HFC-125 lead to high GWP.
Le document US 5788886 divulgue des compositions de pentafluoropropane et un fluoropropane tels que le tetrafluoropropane, le trifluoropropane, le difluoropropane ou fluoropropane ; le 1 ,1 ,1 ,4,4,4- hexafluorobutane, (CF3)2CHCH3 ; le 1 ,1 ,1 ,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane ; un hydrocarbure tels que le butane, le cyclopropane, l'isobutane, le propane, le pentane ; ou le propylène ; ou le diméthyl éther. Ce document enseigne l'utilisation de ces compositions notamment en tant que réfrigérants, agents de nettoyage et agents d'expansion. US 5788886 discloses pentafluoropropane and fluoropropane compositions such as tetrafluoropropane, trifluoropropane, difluoropropane or fluoropropane; 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutane (CF 3 ) 2 CHCH 3 ; 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane; a hydrocarbon such as butane, cyclopropane, isobutane, propane, pentane; or propylene; or dimethyl ether. This document teaches the use of these compositions in particular as refrigerants, cleaning agents and blowing agents.
Des mélanges binaires de 1 ,1 ,1 ,3,3-pentafluoropropane et du 1 ,2-trans dichloroethylene sont connus (WO 2003/78539 et WO 99/35209). Binary mixtures of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane and 1,2-trans dichloroethylene are known (WO 2003/78539 and WO 99/35209).
La demanderesse a maintenant découvert que des compositions renfermant du 1 ,1 ,1 ,3,3-pentafluoropropane et du 1 ,2-trans dichloroethylene conviennent tout particulièrement comme fluide de transfert de chaleur dans les pompes à chaleur, en particulier les pompes à chaleur opérant à température de condensation élevée. En outre, ces compositions ont un ODP négligeable et un GWP inférieur à celui des fluides de transfert de chaleur existants. The applicant has now discovered that compositions containing 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane and 1,2-trans dichloroethylene are particularly suitable heat transfer fluid in heat pumps, in particular heat pumps operating at high condensing temperature. In addition, these compositions have a negligible ODP and a GWP lower than that of existing heat transfer fluids.
Une pompe à chaleur est un dispositif thermodynamique permettant de transférer de la chaleur du milieu le plus froid vers le milieu le plus chaud. Les pompes à chaleur employées pour le chauffage sont dites à compression et le fonctionnement est basé sur le principe de cycle à compression de fluides, appelés fluides frigorigènes. Ces pompes à chaleur fonctionnent avec des systèmes à compression comportant un seul ou plusieurs étage(s). A un étage donné, lorsque le fluide frigorigène est comprimé et passe de l'état gazeux à l'état liquide, il se produit une réaction exothermique (condensation) qui produit de la chaleur. A l'inverse, si on détend le fluide en le faisant passer de l'état liquide à l'état gazeux, il se produit une réaction endothermique (évaporation), qui produit une sensation de froid. Tout repose donc sur le changement d'état d'un fluide utilisé en circuit fermé. Chaque étage d'un système à compression comprend (i) une étape d'évaporation au cours de laquelle au contact des calories puisées dans l'environnement, le fluide frigorigène, grâce à son faible point d'ébullition, passe de l'état liquide à l'état de gaz, (ii) une étape de compression au cours de laquelle le gaz de l'étape précédente est porté à haute pression, (iii) une étape de condensation au cours de laquelle le gaz va transmettre sa chaleur au circuit chauffage ; le fluide frigorigène, toujours comprimé, redevient liquide et (iv) une étape de détente au cours de laquelle la pression du fluide est réduite. Le fluide est prêt pour une nouvelle absorption de calories de l'environnement froid. A heat pump is a thermodynamic device that transfers heat from the coldest environment to the hottest environment. The heat pumps used for heating are called compression and the operation is based on the principle of cycle with compression of fluids, called refrigerants. These heat pumps operate with compression systems with one or more stages. At a given stage, when the refrigerant is compressed from the gaseous state to the liquid state, an exothermic reaction (condensation) occurs which produces heat. Conversely, if the fluid is expanded from the liquid state to the gaseous state, an endothermic reaction (evaporation) occurs which produces a cold sensation. Everything rests on the change of state of a fluid used in closed circuit. Each stage of a compression system comprises (i) an evaporation step during which, in contact with the calories drawn from the environment, the refrigerant, thanks to its low boiling point, changes from the liquid state in the state of gas, (ii) a compression step during which the gas of the preceding step is brought to high pressure, (iii) a condensation step during which the gas will transmit its heat to the circuit heater ; the refrigerant, always compressed, becomes liquid again and (iv) a relaxation step during which the fluid pressure is reduced. The fluid is ready for a new absorption of calories from the cold environment.
La présente invention a pour objet un procédé de transfert de chaleur mettant en oeuvre un système à compression comportant au moins un étage comprenant successivement une étape d'évaporation d'un fluide frigorigène, une étape de compression, une étape de condensation dudit fluide à une température supérieure ou égale à 35 °C et une étape de détente dudit fluide caractérisé en ce que le fluide frigorigène comprend de 75 à 99 % en poids de 1 ,1 ,1 ,3,3-pentafluoropropane et de 1 à 25 % en poids de 1 ,2-trans dichloroethylene. The present invention relates to a heat transfer process using a compression system comprising at least one stage successively comprising a step of evaporating a refrigerant, a compression step, a step of condensing said fluid to a a temperature greater than or equal to 35 ° C and a step of expanding said fluid characterized in that the refrigerant comprises from 75 to 99% by weight of 1, 1, 1, 3,3-pentafluoropropane and from 1 to 25% by weight 1,2-trans dichloroethylene.
De préférence, la température de condensation du fluide frigorigène est comprise entre 70 et 150°C, et avantageusement comprise entre 95 et 140°C. Preferably, the condensation temperature of the refrigerant is between 70 and 150 ° C, and advantageously between 95 and 140 ° C.
De préférence, le fluide frigorigène comprend de 84 à 98 % en poids de 1 ,1 ,1 ,3,3-pentafluoropropane et de 2 à 16 % en poids 1 ,2-trans dichloroethylene. Preferably, the refrigerant comprises from 84 to 98% by weight of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane and from 2 to 16% by weight 1,2-trans dichloroethylene.
Le fluide frigorigène utilisé dans le procédé selon la présente invention peut comprendre des lubrifiants tels que l'huile minérale, alkylbenzène, le polyalkylène glycol et le polyvinyl éther. The refrigerant used in the process according to the present invention may comprise lubricants such as mineral oil, alkylbenzene, polyalkylene glycol and polyvinyl ether.
Le fluide frigorigène utilisé dans le procédé selon la présente invention donne des performances supérieures aux fluides existants et sont très miscibles avec les lubrifiants. De plus, le fluide frigorigène a une température critique élevée. Le fluide frigorigène préféré est en outre ininflammable selon l'ASTM E681 . La présente invention a également pour objet un dispositif de po chaleur renfermant un fluide frigorigène tel que décrit précédemment. The refrigerant used in the process of the present invention provides superior performance to existing fluids and is highly miscible with lubricants. In addition, the refrigerant has a high critical temperature. The preferred refrigerant is further non-flammable according to ASTM E681. The present invention also relates to a heat device containing a refrigerant as described above.
PARTIE EXPERIMENTALE EXPERIMENTAL PART
Outils de calcul Calculation tools
L'équation RK-Soave est utilisée pour le calcul des densités, enthalpies, entropies et les données d'équilibre liquide vapeur des mélanges. L'utilisation de cette équation nécessite la connaissance des propriétés des corps purs utilisés dans les mélanges en question et aussi les coefficients d'interaction pour chaque binaire. The RK-Soave equation is used to calculate densities, enthalpies, entropies and vapor-liquid equilibrium data of mixtures. The use of this equation requires knowledge of the properties of the pure bodies used in the mixtures in question and also the interaction coefficients for each binary.
Les données nécessaires pour chaque corps pur sont: The necessary data for each pure body are:
Température d'ébullition, température et pression critique, la courbe de pression en fonction de la température à partir du point d'ébullition jusqu'au point critique, les densités liquide saturée et vapeur saturé en fonction de la température. HFC-245fa: Boiling temperature, temperature and critical pressure, the pressure versus temperature curve from the boiling point to the critical point, the saturated liquid and saturated vapor densities as a function of temperature. HFC-245fa:
Les données sur HFC-245fa sont publiées dans l'ASHRAE Handbook 2009 chapitre 30 et sont aussi disponible sous Refrop (Logiciel développé par NIST pour le calcul des propriétés des fluides frigorigènes) 1 ,2-transdichloroethylene (TDCE): The data on HFC-245fa are published in the ASHRAE Handbook 2009 chapter 30 and are also available under Refrop (Software developed by NIST for the calculation of the properties of refrigerants) 1, 2-transdichlorethylene (TDCE):
Les données sur le 1 ,2-transdichloroethylene sont publiées dans la référence suivante: " VanVelden, P. F. Kooy, J. Ketelaar, J.A. DeVries, L. "Viscosities of cis- and trans- 1,2-Dichloroethene, in Connection with Eyring's Theory of Viscous Flow" Rec. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas 66 733 1947" The data on 1,2-transdichlorethylene are published in the following reference: "VanVelden, PF Kooy, J. Ketelaar, JA DeVries, L." Viscosities of cis- and trans-1,2-dichloroethene, in Connection with Eyring's Theory of Viscous Flow "Chim Chim Working Party Netherlands 66 733 1947"
Coefficient d'interaction binaire du HFC-245fa / 1,2-trans dichloroethylene: Binary interaction coefficient of HFC-245fa / 1,2-trans dichloroethylene:
L'équation RK-Soave utilise des coefficients d'interaction binaire pour représenter le comportement des produits en mélanges. Les coefficients sont calculés en fonction des données expérimentales d'équilibre liquide-vapeur. The RK-Soave equation uses binary interaction coefficients to represent the behavior of products in mixtures. The coefficients are calculated based on the experimental liquid-vapor equilibrium data.
La technique utilisée pour les mesures d'équilibre liquide vapeur est la méthode d'ébulliométrie. The technique used for liquid vapor equilibrium measurements is the method of ebulliometry.
Les mesures d'équilibre liquide vapeur sur le binaire HFC-245fa / 1 ,2- transdichloroethylene sont réalisées pour l'isobare : 1 ,013 bar The liquid vapor equilibrium measurements on the binary HFC-245fa / 1, 2-transdichloroethylene are carried out for the isobaric acid: 1.013 bar
Des données d'ébulliométrie sont aussi publiées dans le document WO03078539. Ebulliometry data are also published in WO03078539.
Système à compression Considérons un système à compression équipé d'un évaporateur, d'un condenseur, d'un compresseur et d'un détendeur. Le coefficient de performance (COP) est défini, comme étant la puissance utile fournie par le système sur la puissance apportée ou consommée par le système. Compression system Consider a compression system equipped with an evaporator, a condenser, a compressor and a pressure reducer. The coefficient of performance (COP) is defined as the useful power provided by the system on the power supplied or consumed by the system.
Le %COP est le rapport du COP de chaque composition par rapport au COP du CFC-1 14. The% COP is the COP report of each composition against the COP of CFC-1 14.
La capacité volumétrique (CAP) est défini, comme étant la puissance utile fournie par le système par m3 du produit comprimé par le compresseur. The volumetric capacity (CAP) is defined as the useful power supplied by the system per m 3 of the compressed product by the compressor.
Le %CAP est le rapport du CAP de chaque composition par rapport au CAP du The% CAP is the ratio of the CAP of each composition to the CAP of the
CFC-1 14. CFC-1 14.
Résultats Results
Le système à compression fonctionne entre une température de sortie du fluide frigorigène à l'évaporateur de 80 °C, une température de sortie du fluide frigorigène au condenseur de 140°C et avec 10°C de sous refroidissement et 5°C de surchauffe. The compression system operates between an evaporator refrigerant outlet temperature of 80 ° C, condenser refrigerant outlet temperature of 140 ° C and sub-cooling 10 ° C and superheat temperature of 5 ° C.
Le rendement isentropique du système en question est de 59%. The isentropic efficiency of the system in question is 59%.
Les performances des compositions selon l'invention dans les conditions de fonctionnement de pompe à chaleur sont données dans le Tableau 1 . Les valeurs des constituants (HFC-245fa, 1 ,2-transdichloroethylene TDCE) pour chaque composition sont données en pourcentage en poids. The performance of the compositions according to the invention under heat pump operating conditions are given in Table 1. The values of the constituents (HFC-245fa, 1,2-transdichloroethylene TDCE) for each composition are given in percent by weight.
Dans ce qui suit : Evap P est la pression à l'évaporateur In what follows: Evap P is the pressure on the evaporator
Cond P est la pression au condenseur Cond P is the condenser pressure
T cond est la température de condensation T cond is the condensation temperature
Temp entrée comp est la température entrée compresseur Comp input temp is the compressor input temperature
Taux : le taux de compression Rate: the compression ratio
Temp sortie comp est la température à la sortie compresseur Temp output comp is the temperature at the compressor output
Rendement comp (%) est le rendement isentropique du compresseur Comp (%) yield is the isentropic efficiency of the compressor
Tableau 1 : Table 1:
Un test d'inflammabilité selon la norme ASTM E681 a été réalisé sur toutes les compositions renfermant 16% ou moins de 1 ,2-transdichloroethylene. Ces compositions se sont avérées non-inflammables. A flammability test according to ASTM E681 was performed on all compositions containing 16% or less of 1,2-transdichloroethylene. These compositions proved to be non-flammable.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0956440A FR2950354B1 (en) | 2009-09-18 | 2009-09-18 | HEAT TRANSFER METHOD |
| FR09.56440 | 2009-09-18 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| WO2011033200A1 true WO2011033200A1 (en) | 2011-03-24 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| PCT/FR2010/051749 Ceased WO2011033200A1 (en) | 2009-09-18 | 2010-08-20 | Heat transfer method |
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| FR (1) | FR2950354B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2011033200A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013030476A1 (en) | 2011-08-30 | 2013-03-07 | Arkema France | Tetrafluoropropene-based supercritical heat-transfer fluids |
Citations (6)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5788886A (en) | 1997-05-05 | 1998-08-04 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Pentafluoropropane compositions |
| WO1999035209A1 (en) | 1998-01-12 | 1999-07-15 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Compositions of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane and chlorinated ethylenes |
| WO2003078539A1 (en) | 2002-03-14 | 2003-09-25 | Honeywell International Inc. | Compositions of pentafluoropropane |
| US6814884B2 (en) | 2000-11-15 | 2004-11-09 | Solvay Fluor Und Derivate Gmbh | Method of transferring heat using a working fluid containing 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane as refrigerant or heat transfer medium |
| US6913076B1 (en) * | 2002-07-17 | 2005-07-05 | Energent Corporation | High temperature heat pump |
| US20050277565A1 (en) * | 2004-06-14 | 2005-12-15 | Hitters Guillermo J | Azeotrope-like compositions of pentafluoropropane, methanol and dichloroethylene |
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2009
- 2009-09-18 FR FR0956440A patent/FR2950354B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2010
- 2010-08-20 WO PCT/FR2010/051749 patent/WO2011033200A1/en not_active Ceased
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013030476A1 (en) | 2011-08-30 | 2013-03-07 | Arkema France | Tetrafluoropropene-based supercritical heat-transfer fluids |
| US9920961B2 (en) | 2011-08-30 | 2018-03-20 | Arkema France | Tetrafluoropropene-based supercritical heat-transfer fluids |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2950354A1 (en) | 2011-03-25 |
| FR2950354B1 (en) | 2012-08-10 |
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