WO2011027753A1 - Feed-efficiency-improving agent - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a feed-efficiency-improving agent that is safe and improves feed efficiency by means of being added to feed and the like for livestock, specifically for meat chickens and pig raising. The feed-efficiency-improving agent is characterized by containing ß1,4-mannobiose, and a mannobiose can be used that is generated via the action of mannanase on a mannan-containing natural product such as copra meal, palm kernel meal, and coffee grounds. In this case, it is not necessarily needed to extract/refine the mannabiose; and mannose, another mannooligosaccharide, mannones that were not broken down, or the like may be included.

Description

Feed efficiency improver

The present invention relates to a feed efficiency improving agent having a function of improving feed efficiency by adding it to livestock feed such as for meat chicken and pig farming.

In recent years, the environment surrounding domestic livestock farmers has become very severe. In other words, it is necessary to take various measures to cope with an increase in imports of inexpensive foreign livestock meat, a surge in feed ingredients, and epidemics such as swine and chicken influenza. In such a harsh management environment, efforts are being made to increase breeding density and improve breeding in order to improve productivity and labor saving. However, in such an inferior environment, there is a problem that infectious diseases are likely to occur and developmental problems and diseases due to stress are likely to occur.

In particular, the ratio of feed costs to livestock management costs is particularly large. Most of the feed ingredients depend on imports from overseas, but livestock management has become more severe due to the recent increase in feed prices. Therefore, feed efficiency needs to be improved to reduce feed costs. There is a strong demand for a feed that increases feed efficiency and that can protect animals from dangers such as pathogenic bacteria and maintain healthy breeding.

Conventionally, animals have been protected from the dangers of pathogenic bacteria by adding antibiotics or anthelmintics to feed, but there is a concern about toxicity problems. On the other hand, Patent Document 1 discloses adding a substance having antiparasitic activity and antinematode activity derived from microorganisms. Patent Document 2 discloses an animal growth promoter containing prickly pear that is said to have a pharmacological action. Patent Document 3 discloses that a livestock feed composition containing livestock feed and two or more additives selected from the group consisting of nucleic acid, glutamine and glutamic acid improves livestock feed efficiency. Is disclosed. Moreover, although it is with respect to a cow, patent document 4 discloses that feed efficiency can be improved by adding the yeast belonging to the genus Candida which gives a probiotic effect to lactic acid bacteria together with lactic acid bacteria.

It is known that feed containing mannose has a sterilizing effect that suppresses colonization of Salmonella, which is a harmful bacterium, in the animal intestine and discharges it outside the body (salmonella colonization suppression effect). Various techniques have also been proposed (Non-Patent Document 1).

For example, feed containing manno-oligosaccharides, which are mainly composed of mannobiose and mannotriose and mixed with monosaccharides, obtained by enzymatic degradation of mannan-containing materials such as guar meal and copra meal can improve the quality of chicken eggs. In addition, it has been reported that manno-oligosaccharides may be useful in preventing colonization of Salmonella in the intestines of livestock (Patent Document 5).

In addition, feed containing mannose such as mannan enzyme and / or acid hydrolyzate obtained from mannobiose, methyl-α-mannoside, manno-oligosaccharide, guar gum, locust bean gum or yeast is a harmful bacteria such as Salmonella. It is reported that it is useful for infection prevention (patent document 6).

Furthermore, livestock feed containing mannose polysaccharides mainly composed of polysaccharides having a mannose repeat unit of 40 to 100 (30 to 80%) and oligosaccharides (5 to 30%) is a salmonella livestock intestine. It has been reported that it is effective in preventing fixing in the inside (Patent Document 7).

In addition, feed containing a mannan-rich raw material such as palm kernel meal or guar meal mixed with manno-oligosaccharide and a method for producing mannose and / or manno-oligosaccharide using copra meal with the enzyme are also reported. (Patent Documents 8 to 10).

Furthermore, mannose is easily utilized by enterobacteria, digested and absorbed and excreted by livestock itself, or easily decomposed when administered with live bacteria. It has been reported that mannobiose, which is a sugar, can effectively exert the effect of suppressing Salmonella colonization compared with mannose (Patent Document 11).

Further, it is described in Patent Document 12 that a mannan degradation product containing mannobiose has an intestinal immunity activation effect. However, feed efficiency improving agents containing β1,4-mannobiose are not known and are completely new.

Poultly Science, 68, p.1357, 1989 JP 05-178898 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-327412 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-045122 JP 2009-44971 A JP-A-8-38064 JP-A-7-236429 JP-A-8-173055 WO95 / 17103 pamphlet International Publication No. 99/08544 Pamphlet Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-231591 International Publication No. 2004/048587 Pamphlet International Publication No. 2008/001769 Pamphlet

This invention makes it a subject to obtain the safe feed efficiency improving agent which improves feed efficiency by adding to feed for meat chickens, pig farming, etc.

The present inventors have studied the growth of livestock tests of the feed efficiency improving agent having the effect of excretion of pathogenic bacteria and the like. Surprisingly, the increase in the weight gain of livestock animals and the saving of food consumption That is, the present inventors have found that feed efficiency is improved and have completed the present invention.

That is, the present invention is (1) a feed efficiency improving agent characterized by containing β1,4-mannobiose. (2) The feed efficiency improving agent according to claim 1, which is for meat chickens and / or pig farming. (3) The feed efficiency improving agent according to claim 1, wherein β1,4-mannobiose is derived from copra meal, palm kernel meal, and coffee lees. (4) The feed efficiency improving agent according to claim 1, wherein β1,4-mannobiose is produced by allowing mannan-degrading enzyme to act on a mannan-containing natural product. (5) The feed efficiency improving agent according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the content of β1,4-mannobiose is 3% by weight or more. Is the main point.

The feed efficiency improving agent of the present invention can be added to feed and beverages to increase the amount of livestock gain, save the amount of food intake, that is, improve feed efficiency.

The feed efficiency improving agent for meat chickens and pig farming of the present invention contains β-1,4-mannobiose (hereinafter also simply referred to as mannobiose) and is used for improving feed efficiency.

In the present invention, β-1,4-mannobiose is formed by bonding two mannose molecules with β-1,4-glycosidic bonds. The β-1,4-mannobiose used in the present invention can be obtained, for example, by a method of synthesizing from mannose or a method of decomposing β-1,4-mannan (hereinafter also simply referred to as mannan).

The method for decomposing β-1,4-mannan is more preferable from the viewpoint of resource and reaction efficiency of raw materials, and β-1,4-mannobiose can be obtained more easily. In this method, for example, mannan-degrading enzyme is allowed to act on mannan-containing natural products such as palm kernel meal, copra meal, coffee bean meal, guar gum, locust bean gum and the like, which are rich in mannan, or mannan extracted from these natural products. β-1,4-mannobiose can be obtained.

In addition, the mannan degrading enzyme used in this method may be any mannanase, mannosidase, hemicellulase, etc., as long as it has an activity of degrading mannan to produce mannobiose, derived from Aspergillus niger, Commercially available products (for example, hemicellulase GM “Amano” (manufactured by Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), Sumiteam ACH (manufactured by Shin Nippon Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), cellulosin GM5 (Hankyu Bioindustry Co., Ltd.) and the like can be preferably used. In addition to these, even those commercially available as xylanase and cellulase, those having the hydrolysis activity can be used, for example, cellulase Y-NC (manufactured by Yakult Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) can be used. (Exo type) low activity, mannanase (endo type) Activity is higher hemicellulase GM "AMANO" (Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), Sumizyme ACH (manufactured by Shin Nihon Chemicals Corporation) is suppressed generation of mannose, preferable in that it can be in a large amount to produce a mannobiose.

Furthermore, in this method, the mannan degrading enzyme acts on mannan-containing natural products or mannan extracted therefrom as an enzyme solution dissolved or dispersed in water. In order to perform an efficient reaction in the case of using a mannan-containing natural product, it is important to adjust moisture in a reaction system including the mannan-containing natural product, a mannan-degrading enzyme, and water. The amount of water added to adjust the water content is preferably 50 to 10,000 parts by weight, more preferably 50 to 1500 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of mannan. By setting the amount of water to be in such a range, the mannan fibers can be sufficiently swollen in the presence of sufficient moisture, and the enzyme solution can be easily contacted. However, an excessive amount of water not only decreases the reaction efficiency as a result of diluting the enzyme concentration, but also increases the drying cost in the drying step when drying. Therefore, considering the above, it is appropriate to add 50 to 500 parts by weight of water to 100 parts by weight of mannans.

Also, as the amount of enzyme and the reaction time, the enzyme should be selected so as to produce as much mannobiose as possible, and the reaction time should be adjusted. However, since an enzyme having a high mannanase (endo type) activity usually also has a mannosidase (exo type) activity, if the enzyme reaction time is too long, mannobiose is decomposed and the amount of mannose increases. Therefore, the reaction time is preferably not longer than necessary. These enzyme reaction conditions are appropriately set so that the amount of mannobiose produced is as large as possible. In this case, it is preferable to set so that β-1,4-mannobiose is contained more than mannose. For example, the ratio of mannose to β-1,4-mannobiose is more preferably 60% by weight or less. It is particularly preferred that it is not more than wt%.

As described above, for example, when the reaction is performed for 3 to 36 hours using copral meal (mannan content is approximately 30%) as a raw material, the amount of mannobiose depends on the type, amount, and time of the enzyme used. It is possible to produce up to about 5 to 15 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the raw material.

The enzyme-treated product containing mannobiose produced in this way (β-1,4-mannobiose-containing composition) may be used as a feed efficiency improving agent by increasing the mannobiose concentration by removing insoluble matter, etc. However, it is better not to remove insoluble matters, but to dry the feed as needed or to make a feed efficiency improving agent. In this case, the feed efficiency improving agent contains mannose and mannooligosaccharides in addition to mannobiose, but it is preferable to contain 3% by weight or more as mannobiose. More preferably, it is 5% by weight or more, more preferably 7% by weight or more, and most preferably 9% by weight or more. This feed efficiency improving agent can be used by mixing with feed. On the other hand, a product obtained by extracting mannobiose or the like from an enzyme-treated product with water can be used as a feed efficiency improving agent to be added to a beverage. In this case as well, mannose and mannooligosaccharides are contained in addition to mannobiose, but it is not particularly necessary to extract and purify only mannobiose, but it is preferable that these are contained.

When the feed efficiency improving agent of the present invention is added to the feed, it is preferably added so that the content in the blended feed is 0.0001 to 0.05% by weight as mannobiose. More preferably, mannobiose is added in an amount of 0.0005 to 0.02% by weight, most preferably 0.001 to 0.015% by weight. Such feed can improve feed efficiency by feeding livestock in solid or liquid form. When adding to a drink, it can be set as a standard that it becomes the mannobiose dosage equivalent to the case where it adds to a feed.

As for the type of livestock, in the case of chickens, you can use edible young chickens, which are said to be broiler-specific species, and as a brand chicken or local chicken, a colored chicken species that has differences in meat quality, taste, and texture (red) (Chicken) can also be used. Also in pig farming, it can be used for various varieties such as Landrace, Large Yorkshire, Duroc and Berkshire. It can also be used for beef cattle, sheep farming, horse farming and the like.

As a step of feeding the feed efficiency improving agent of the present invention, for example, in the case of chickens, it can be used in a mixed feed for the first period of fattening given within about 3 weeks after hatching, It may be added to the formula feed. Similarly, in the case of pig farming, ingredients such as protein, minerals, and calories are adjusted according to the growth stage of the animal to assemble the blended feed, and this improving agent can be used at any stage. During the feeding period, the entire period of fattening from immediately after hatching or weaning to immediately before shipping may be fed, or the improving agent may be used for a certain period of the stage of fattening.

When the feed efficiency improving agent of the present invention is used by mixing with feed, it may be freely blended with other materials used as normal feed materials. For example, grains such as corn, milo, wheat, barley, rice, rye, buckwheat, lupine, sweet potato, cassava, beans such as soybean, okara, defatted soybean, rapeseed meal, sunflower meal, safflower meal, etc. Vegetable oil lees, rice bran, bran, wheat bran, etc., corn gluten feed, beet pulp, beer lees, sake lees, konjac flying powder and other by-products, fish meal, meat meal, skim milk, dried whey, krill Animal materials such as meal, casein, gelatin, saccharides such as yeasts, corn starch, dextrin, vegetable proteins such as soy protein, wheat gluten, corn twein, cottonseed oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil And fats and oils such as safflower oil, olive oil, coconut oil and palm oil. These may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more.

In addition, various additives are used for the purpose of preventing the deterioration of the quality of the feed, supplementing the nutrients and other active ingredients of the feed, and promoting the effective use of the nutrients contained in the feed. For example, nutritional ingredients such as amino acids, vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, enzymes, live fungi, fungicides, antioxidants, emulsifiers, etc. are freely blended within the range that does not impair the effect of this feed efficiency improver. You can do it.

Hereinafter, examples of the present invention will be shown and the present invention will be described in detail. “Part” and “%” in the examples represent “part by weight” and “% by weight”, respectively, unless otherwise specified.

Example 1
150 parts of an enzyme solution prepared by dissolving 0.25 parts of the enzyme hemicellulase GM “Amano” (manufactured by Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) in 100 parts of copra meal (mannan content 30%, moisture 4.4%) at 60 ° C. for 12 hours. After acting, it was dried to a moisture content of 9.3% using a fluidized bed drying apparatus (manufactured by Okawara Seisakusho) to obtain 106 parts of dry powder. When the mannobiose content and mannose content of this dry powder were measured by ion exchange chromatography, 12.7 parts of β1,4-mannobiose and 1.41 parts of mannose were produced.

(Example 2)
150 parts of an enzyme solution in which 0.25 part of the enzyme hemicellulase GM “Amano” (manufactured by Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) is dissolved in 100 parts of palm kernel meal with a mannan content of 35% and a moisture content of 9.3% at 60 ° C. for 12 hours. After acting, it was dried to a moisture content of 9.8% with a fluidized bed drying apparatus (manufactured by Okawara Seisakusho) to obtain 101 parts of dry powder. When the mannobiose content and mannose content of this dry powder were measured, 10.4 parts of β1,4-mannobiose and 1.45 parts of mannose were produced.

(Raising test using chicks)
The test was conducted at a chicken farm where commercial breeding of colored chicken species (red chickens) was conducted. That is, about 200,000 1-day-old red chicks were purchased and carried into each of the 21 henhouses (8458-10816, depending on the henhouse). Among them, 7 poultry houses were fed for 11 weeks with a feed prepared by mixing 0.1% of the feed efficiency improving agent of Example 1 with a commercial feed for raising chickens (Akatri Starter T). In another seven poultry houses, a feed prepared by mixing 0.02% of the feed efficiency improving agent of Example 1 with a commercial feed for raising chickens was fed for 11 weeks. Further, the remaining seven poultry houses were fed with an additive-free commercial feed for raising chickens for 11 weeks as a comparative control. The feeding amount was recorded for 11 weeks, and the weight of all chickens was measured for each poultry house after the end of the breeding period. From these data, the feed efficiency indicating the weight gain per chicken, the amount of food consumed, and the required amount of feed per body weight was calculated for each poultry house (Table 1).

As a result of breeding tests using chicks, the average weight of adult chickens after shipping for 11 weeks in the test group to which 0.1% of the feed efficiency improving agent was added was 2724 g, which is an average compared to that in the non-added group. 58g more. In addition, the average food intake per animal during the whole period was 8066 g. In addition, the feed efficiency indicating the required amount of feed per 1 kg of gain is 2.961, and it is shown that the addition of this feed additive allows animals to grow with a smaller amount of feed compared to the non-added zone 3.009. It was done. Further, even in the test group to which 0.02% of the feed efficiency improving agent was added, the average adult chicken body weight after shipment for 11 weeks was 2732 g, which was 66 g higher than that in the non-added group. In addition, the average food consumption per animal was 8149 g. Moreover, the feed efficiency indicating the amount of feed required per 1 kg of the body weight gain is 2.983, and in this zone, the animal is grown with a smaller amount of feed compared to the non-added zone 3.009 by adding this feed improver. It was shown that

The economic effect in this test was estimated. In the 0.1% area, if one chicken house is 10,000 birds compared to the additive-free area, the amount of food consumed will increase by 440kg per chicken house (80.66t compared to 80.22t in the control area). An increase in body weight of 580 kg is observed (27.24 t compared to 26.66 t in the control group). If the effect is calculated with a feed unit price of 50 yen / kg and a chicken unit price of 300 yen / kg, the feed cost will increase by 22,000 yen. Economic effect of 22,000 yen can be obtained. The amount of the improving agent used during this period is about 80 kg, and the calculation produces an economic effect of 1900 yen per 1 kg of the improving agent. In addition, if the same calculation is performed in the 0.02% ward, it can be estimated that an economic effect of 134,500 yen per 16 kg of poultry house, and an economic effect of 8250 yen per kg of the improver.
If the chicken farmer raises 100 chickens a year, the economic effect will be 0.12 million yen and 0.02% ward of 15.2 million yen and 13.45 million yen, respectively. Thus, the use of the feed efficiency improving agent can greatly contribute to poultry farmers.

Claims (5)

A feed efficiency improving agent characterized by containing β1,4-mannobiose. The feed efficiency improving agent according to claim 1, wherein the feed efficiency improving agent is for meat chickens and / or pigs. The feed efficiency improving agent according to claim 1, wherein β1,4-mannobiose is derived from copra meal, palm kernel meal, and coffee lees. The feed efficiency improving agent according to claim 1, wherein β1,4-mannobiose is produced by allowing a mannan-degrading enzyme to act on a mannan-containing natural product. The feed efficiency improving agent according to claim 1, wherein the content of β1,4-mannobiose is 3% by weight or more.