WO2011027038A1 - Procédé de réduction des émissions de dioxyde de carbone d'un haut- fourneau, et dispositif associé - Google Patents
Procédé de réduction des émissions de dioxyde de carbone d'un haut- fourneau, et dispositif associé Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011027038A1 WO2011027038A1 PCT/FR2009/001052 FR2009001052W WO2011027038A1 WO 2011027038 A1 WO2011027038 A1 WO 2011027038A1 FR 2009001052 W FR2009001052 W FR 2009001052W WO 2011027038 A1 WO2011027038 A1 WO 2011027038A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- charcoal
- loaded
- blast furnace
- injected
- carbon dioxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents
- C21B5/003—Injection of pulverulent coal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/008—Composition or distribution of the charge
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for reducing carbon dioxide emissions from a blast furnace.
- the invention also relates to a device implementing this method.
- the blast furnace is a gas-liquid-solid countercurrent chemical reactor whose main purpose is the production of pig iron, later converted to steel by reducing its carbon content.
- the blast furnace is typically fed with solids, mainly sinter, pellets, iron ore and carbonaceous material, usually coke, at its upper part called blast furnace blast. Liquids consisting of cast iron and slag are removed at the crucible in its lower part.
- the transformation of the iron filler (agglomerate, pellets and iron ore) into cast iron is carried out in a traditional way by reduction of iron oxides by a reducing gas (in particular containing CO, H 2 and N 2 ), which is formed by combustion carbonaceous material at the nozzles located in the lower part of the blast furnace where air preheated to a temperature between 1000 and 1300 ° C called hot wind is injected.
- a reducing gas in particular containing CO, H 2 and N 2
- zone of thermal reserve This process of transformation of the iron charge takes place in two distinct zones of the apparatus, separated by an intermediate zone called zone of thermal reserve.
- zone of thermal reserve is characterized by a cessation of heat exchange linked to the fact that the gas and the solids are practically at the same temperature called the temperature of the reserve zone. This also induces a stop of the chemical reactions between gases and solids thus defining a chemical reserve zone.
- the two areas where the ferriferous materials are processed are: - the lower part of the apparatus, called the production zone, which sets the energy requirements of the blast furnace and allows the transformation of the iron oxides of the furnace; state of iron metal wustite. It also allows for heating and melting of the materials from the temperature of the reserve area to the final temperature of the melting; the upper part of the apparatus, called the preparation zone, which acts as a recuperator of the thermal and chemical potential of the gas. It makes it possible to heat the materials from room temperature to the temperature of the reserve zone, and to carry out the reduction of the charged iron oxides (hematite and magnetite) in the state of wustite.
- auxiliary fuels are also injected into tuyeres such as pulverized coal, fuel oil, natural gas or other fuels, combined with oxygen that enriches the wind. hot.
- top gas The gases recovered at the level of the upper part of the blast furnace, called top gas, mainly consist of CO, CO 2 , H 2 and N 2 in proportions of approximately 22%, 22%, 3% and 53% respectively. . These gases are typically used in other parts of the plant as fuel. Blast furnaces are therefore important producers of CO 2 .
- the invention proposes a process that significantly limits carbon dioxide emissions without involving significant modification of the installations.
- the process for reducing carbon dioxide emissions of a blast furnace of the invention in which reducing agents are loaded at the top and auxiliary fuels in pulverized form are injected at the tuyeres, is essentially characterized in that the reducing agents loaded into the top comprise charcoal.
- the method of the invention may also include the following optional features taken singly or in combination: - the specific consumption of charcoal loaded at the top is less than 20% of the total quantity of reducing agents charged to the top.
- the specific consumption of charcoal loaded at the top is less than 10% of the total quantity of reducing agents loaded at the top.
- the charcoal loaded at the top is in the form of pieces of diameter greater than 20 millimeters.
- the method comprises a screening step which separates the pieces of charcoal loaded at the top of the fine fraction of charcoal.
- the fine fraction of charcoal is injected into the tuyeres in spray form in addition to and / or in replacement of the corresponding quantity of auxiliary fuel injected normally in sprayed form at the tuyeres
- the auxiliary fuel is either mineral coal or charcoal.
- the invention also relates to a device for implementing the previously defined method.
- This device is essentially characterized in that it comprises means for loading charcoal blast blast furnace.
- the device of the invention may also include the following optional features taken separately or in combination:
- the device comprises a screen to separate the charcoal pieces to be loaded at the top of the fine fraction of charcoal.
- the device comprises a mill in which the fine fraction of charcoal is mixed with carbonaceous material, the assembly formed by the charcoal and the carbonaceous material being intended to be injected at the tuyeres;
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the device of the invention according to a first variant in which the fine fraction of charcoal resulting from the screening operation is not reused in the process, and
- FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the device of the invention according to a second variant in which the fine fraction of charcoal resulting from the screening operation is reused in the process.
- a particular and essential property of these carbonaceous materials used as reducing agent is their gasification threshold or start gasification temperature. This is the temperature at which the carbon they contain begins to react with the CO 2 of the gas passing through the blast furnace tank to give carbon monoxide according to the chemical reaction:
- This gasification threshold sets the temperature of the reserve zone of the blast furnace. In a conventional blast furnace this start gasification temperature is about 950 ° C.
- the process of the invention is based on the fact that by lowering the temperature of the blast furnace reserve zone the specific consumption of reducing agents decreases, and the carbon dioxide emissions also.
- the Applicant has thus estimated that the reduction in the consumption of coke would be approximately 20 kilograms per ton of liquid metal for a lowering of 100 ° C. of the temperature of the reserve zone.
- charcoal is a source of mineral carbon that is neutral in carbon dioxide production, or even negative. In the blast furnace load, it can replace coke that has an impact on carbon dioxide emissions of the order of 3 kilograms of CO 2 emitted per kilogram of coke used.
- the blast furnace 1 is supplied with coke, agglomerate, pellets, and iron ore 2 through line 3 at the level of the top 4.
- the cast iron and slag 5 are recovered at point 6 at the level of the crucible via the line 7.
- the hot wind and the additional oxygen 8 are introduced at the level of the nozzles 9 by the line 10.
- the coal and / or other auxiliary reducing agents are introduced at the level of the nozzles 9 by the line 10 as well.
- the top gases are recovered at point 11 of the upper part of the blast furnace 1.
- charcoal as received 12 is passed through a sieve 13 from which the fine fraction 14 is separated from the pieces of charcoal 15 which are loaded into the sump 4 by means of a loading device 16.
- Pieces 15 have a diameter greater than the mesh size of the sieve is at least 20 millimeters.
- Pieces of charcoal can be loaded at the same time as the coke or at the same time as the iron ore.
- the quantity of charcoal that is loaded at the top is 20 kilograms per ton of pig iron.
- the loading of pieces of charcoal 15 at the top 4 is done under the same conditions as those described with reference to FIG.
- the fine fraction of charcoal 14 obtained from the screening of charcoal as received 12 is mixed with charcoal 17 and pulverized in the mill 18 to form carbonaceous material 18a intended to be introduced to nozzles 9 through the line 10a.
- This coal 17 can be either mineral coal or charcoal, as will be detailed below.
- auxiliary reducing agents other than charcoal shown schematically injected to the nozzles 9 by the line 10a.
- the specific consumption of carbonaceous material injected at the tuyeres is 200 kilograms per ton of pig iron. This consumption includes the fine fraction of charcoal 14 resulting from the screening operation, which is estimated to be equal to the specific consumption of charcoal loaded at the top, or 20 kilograms per tonne of pig iron, assuming a screening yield of 50%.
- Table I shows the main operating characteristics of a blast furnace producing 6000 tonnes of iron per day, and their evolution when, according to the second variant, 20 kilograms per tonne are loaded. molten metal of pieces of charcoal 15 to the top and that the fine fraction of charcoal 14 produced during the screening operation in the form of pulverized charcoal is injected to the tuyeres of the blast furnace in replacement of an identical amount of the pulverized auxiliary fuel usually injected on this blast furnace.
- the temperature of the top gases is between 120 and 200 ° C .
- the flame temperature is between 2000 and 2200 ° C .
- the output of the top gases must be less than or equal to 400 000 Nm 3 / h (process limitation);
- the natural dry wind flow rate is less than or equal to 225 kNm 3 / h (technological limitation)
- Reference 1 corresponds to the loading of coke at the top and an injection of pulverized mineral coal at the tuyeres.
- Reference 2 corresponds to the loading of coke at the top and an injection of pulverized charcoal at the tuyeres.
- the flame temperature is controlled at its maximum threshold of 2200 ° C.
- Example 1 corresponds to the loading of 20 kilograms per ton of cast iron charcoal pieces to the top, the remainder of the carbonaceous material loaded in the top being made of coke. Assuming a 50% screening yield, 20 kilograms per tonne of fine charcoal 14 fine-smelted molten metal is sprayed for nozzle injection to replace 20 kilograms per tonne of pig iron. mineral coal, the remainder of the pulverized carbonaceous material injected at the tuyeres being mineral coal. It is assumed in this example 1 that the temperature of The reserve area obtained because of the intrinsic properties of the charcoal is 850 ° C.
- Example 2 is identical to Example 1, except that the reserve zone temperature obtained because of the intrinsic properties of the charcoal is assumed to be 750 ° C.
- Example 3 corresponds to the loading of 20 kilograms per ton of charcoal smelting at the top, the remainder of the carbonaceous material loaded at the top being coke. Assuming a 50% screening yield, 20 kilograms per tonne of fine-smelted charcoal 14 melted from the screening is sprayed for nozzle injection to replace 20 kilograms per tonne of pig iron. injection charcoal obtained independently. The remainder of the carbonaceous material sprayed at the tuyeres consists of this independently obtained charcoal. It is assumed in this example 3 that the temperature of the reserve zone obtained because of the intrinsic properties of the charcoal is 850 ° C.
- Example 4 is identical to Example 3, except that the temperature of the reserve zone obtained because of the intrinsic properties of the charcoal is assumed to be 750 ° C. It is found that if we keep the conditions of the step of the reference 1, the operation of the blast furnace is no longer possible under the conditions chosen for this example 4. Only a blast furnace having a less efficient operation can operate in these conditions. A so-called less efficient operation may be understood to mean less efficiency in reducing the material in the upper part of the blast furnace or in higher heat losses to the appliance. Reference 3 is in the latter case, example 4 should be compared to this reference 3 and not to references 1 and 2. In other words, the results obtained in example 4 correspond to the modification of the step of reference 3 when 20 kilograms per ton of charcoal smelted at the top are loaded and the corresponding fine charcoal fraction 14 is injected in pulverized form at the blast furnace nozzles .
- the blast furnace can thus operate at a temperature of 850 ° C of the reserve zone, when 20 kilograms per ton of molten metal of pieces of charcoal are loaded at the top, 20 kilograms per ton of molten metal of Fine fraction of charcoal 14 resulting from the screening operation is injected in spray form to the tuyeres, the rest of the coal injected at the tuyeres may be mineral coal such as charcoal.
- Example 4 if all operational conditions are met, the productivity is, as in Example 2, less than 6,000 tons / day. Therefore, that the rest of the carbonaceous material injected at the tuyeres is mineral coal or charcoal, when the temperature of the reserve zone is 750 ° C, the blast furnace does not operate optimally. This type of market can nevertheless be interesting for low-productivity markets, for example during periods of slow downturn in the iron and steel industry. As for example 2, this result depends on the hypothesis made on the capacities of the installations.
- Table II shows the references 1, 2 and 3 and Examples 1 to 4, and highlights the advantages of the process of the invention according to this second variant in terms of reduction of coke consumption, reduction of dioxide emissions of carbon and the value of charcoal in reducing carbon dioxide emissions.
- Reference 2 which corresponds to a top coke injection and an injection of a fine fraction of pulverized charcoal to the tuyeres, is presented in comparison with reference 1. It constitutes an easy solution to implement to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide. CO 2 . This solution nevertheless has the disadvantage of being the least effective of all the solutions presented in terms of kilogram of C0 2 avoided per kilogram of charcoal used, as shown by the results of this Table II.
- Example 1 For the configuration of Example 1, a reduction of 12% of the carbon dioxide emissions is obtained, for example 2, a reduction of 16% and for Examples 3 and 4 respectively reductions of 46 and 48% carbon dioxide emissions.
- the coke consumption was reduced by 13.5% for Example 1, 19.4% for Example 2, 11.4% for Example 3 and 16.5% for Example 4. while it is 2.7% higher for reference 2.
- the ratio between the reduction in carbon dioxide emissions expressed in kilograms per tonne of pig iron and the charcoal consumption expressed in the same units illustrates the valuation of charcoal for the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions.
- Table III shows the main operating characteristics of a blast furnace producing 6000 tons of iron per day, and their evolution when one loads 20 kilograms per ton of molten metal of pieces of charcoal 15 at the top without injecting the nozzles the fine fraction of charcoal 14 resulting from the screening operation.
- Table III also includes references 1, 2 and 3 already explained for Tables I and II.
- Example 5 corresponds to the loading of 20 kilograms per ton of cast iron charcoal pieces to the top, the remainder of the carbonaceous material loaded in the top being made of coke. At nozzles, 200 kilograms per ton of coal smelting is injected in pulverized form. The fine charcoal fraction 14 resulting from the screening operation is not injected into the tuyeres.
- Example 6 is identical to Example 5, except that the reserve zone temperature obtained because of the intrinsic properties of the charcoal is assumed to be 750 ° C.
- Example 7 corresponds to the loading of 20 kilograms per ton of cast iron charcoal pieces to the top, the remainder of the carbonaceous material loaded in the top being made of coke. At nozzles, 200 kilograms per ton of charcoal cast iron obtained separately is injected in pulverized form. The fine charcoal fraction 14 resulting from the screening operation is not injected into the tuyeres.
- Example 8 is identical to Example 7, except that the temperature of the reserve zone obtained because of the intrinsic properties of the charcoal is assumed to be 750 ° C. It is found that if we keep the conditions of the run of the reference 1, the operation of the blast furnace is no longer possible under the conditions chosen for this example 8. Only a blast furnace having a less efficient operation can operate in these conditions. Less efficient operation may mean less efficiency in reducing the material in the upper part of the blast furnace or higher heat losses to the appliance. Reference 3 is in the latter case, example 8 should be compared to this reference 3 and not to references 1 and 2. In other words, the results obtained in Example 8 correspond to the modification of the step of reference 3 when 20 kilograms per ton of charcoal cast iron are loaded. blast without injecting the corresponding fine fraction of charcoal 14 in powdered form at blast furnace nozzles.
- Example 6 For Example 6, assuming that the temperature of the resist zone is 750 ° C, some reaction conditions are no longer met, particularly the flame temperature which is slightly below 2000 ° C. The value obtained nevertheless appears sufficiently close to this limit for the operation of the blast furnace remains possible. Moreover, the maximum productivity allowed under these conditions is lower than the nominal production of the installation. This type of market can nevertheless be interesting for low-productivity markets, for example during periods of slow downturn in the iron and steel industry. As for examples 2 and 4, this result depends on the hypothesis made on the capacities of the installations.
- Example 7 As for Example 5, all operational conditions are met. Therefore, the blast furnace can thus operate at a temperature of 850 ° C of the reserve zone, when 20 kilograms per ton of molten metal of charcoal pieces are loaded at the top without the fine fraction of charcoal. The result of the screening is injected into the tuyeres in a mixture with the usually injected pulverized charcoal.
- Example 8 if all the operational conditions are respected, the productivity is, as in Example 6, less than 6,000 tons / day. Therefore, that the rest of the carbonaceous material injected at the tuyeres is mineral coal or charcoal, when the temperature of the reserve zone is 750 ° C, the blast furnace does not operate optimally. This This type of market can nevertheless be of interest for low-productivity markets, for example during periods of slow downturn in the iron and steel industry.
- Table IV contains references 1, 2 and 3 and Examples 5 to 8, and highlights the advantages of the process of the invention according to the first variant in terms of reduction of coke consumption, reduction of dioxide emissions. of carbon and the value of charcoal in reducing carbon dioxide emissions.
- Example 5 For the configuration of Example 5, an 8% reduction in carbon dioxide emissions is achieved, and for Example 6, a 12% reduction in carbon dioxide emissions.
- Example 7 For the configuration of Example 7, a 46% reduction in carbon dioxide emissions is achieved, and for Example 8, a 48% reduction in carbon dioxide emissions compared to Reference 3.
- Example 7 It was reduced by 10.9% for Example 7, and 15.9% for Example 8 compared to Reference 3.
- the ratio between the reduction in carbon dioxide emissions expressed in kilograms per tonne of pig iron and the charcoal consumption expressed in the same units illustrates the valuation of charcoal for the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions.
- Example 1 The impact of the absence of injection of the fine fraction resulting from the screening of charcoal as received at blast furnace nozzles can be evaluated by comparing Example 1 to Example 5, Example 2 to Example 6, Example 3 to Example 7 and Example 4 to Example 8. It can thus be seen that the value of charcoal relative to the total quantity of charcoal as received is significantly lower. in Example 5 (3,11) with respect to Example 1 (4,65), and also in Example 6 (4,37) with respect to Example 2 (6,00). This is also the case at a lower level when comparing Example 7 (2.87) to Example 3 (3.18) and Example 8 (3.09) to Example 4 (3.43). ).
- Example 5 the amount of charcoal actually introduced into the blast furnace is significantly higher in Example 5 (6,21) than in Example 1 (4,65), and also in Example 6 (8). 74) compared to Example 2 (6.00).
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610674500.2A CN106282451A (zh) | 2009-09-02 | 2009-09-02 | 减少高炉的二氧化碳排放的方法和相关的装置 |
| BR112012004763-9A BR112012004763B1 (pt) | 2009-09-02 | 2009-09-02 | Processo de redução das emissões de dióxido de carbono em gases de boca de carga de um alto-forno, e dispositivo de carregamento |
| CN2009801612252A CN102482723A (zh) | 2009-09-02 | 2009-09-02 | 减少高炉的二氧化碳排放的方法和相关的装置 |
| PCT/FR2009/001052 WO2011027038A1 (fr) | 2009-09-02 | 2009-09-02 | Procédé de réduction des émissions de dioxyde de carbone d'un haut- fourneau, et dispositif associé |
| CA2770947A CA2770947C (fr) | 2009-09-02 | 2009-09-02 | Procede de reduction des emissions de dioxyde de carbone d'un haut- fourneau, et dispositif associe |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2009/001052 WO2011027038A1 (fr) | 2009-09-02 | 2009-09-02 | Procédé de réduction des émissions de dioxyde de carbone d'un haut- fourneau, et dispositif associé |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2011027038A1 true WO2011027038A1 (fr) | 2011-03-10 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2009/001052 Ceased WO2011027038A1 (fr) | 2009-09-02 | 2009-09-02 | Procédé de réduction des émissions de dioxyde de carbone d'un haut- fourneau, et dispositif associé |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (2) | CN106282451A (fr) |
| BR (1) | BR112012004763B1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2770947C (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2011027038A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9797023B2 (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2017-10-24 | Grede Llc | Shaft furnace and method of operating same |
| WO2022180426A1 (fr) * | 2021-02-26 | 2022-09-01 | Arcelormittal | Procédé de fabrication d'un produit d'acierid50000124287931 pub copy null filing no.:23 |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB218647A (en) * | 1923-07-03 | 1925-09-25 | Commentry Fourchambault Et Dec | Process of treatment of ore in blast furnaces by the injection of powdered combustible concurrently with the use of a charge of coke |
| AT399724B (de) * | 1992-10-08 | 1995-07-25 | Voest Alpine Stahl | Verfahren zum herstellen von roheisen unter optimaler nutzung der kohlengrundlage |
| WO2006011774A1 (fr) * | 2004-07-30 | 2006-02-02 | Posco | Appareil pour fabriquer du fer fondu par injection de kerosene dans un pot de fusion-gazeifieur et procede pour l'utiliser |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH08157914A (ja) * | 1994-12-06 | 1996-06-18 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 高炉への木炭粉吹込方法 |
| JPH10306303A (ja) * | 1997-04-30 | 1998-11-17 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 竪型溶解炉の操業方法 |
| JP4383075B2 (ja) * | 2003-03-28 | 2009-12-16 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 高炉用高反応性成型コークスの製造方法 |
-
2009
- 2009-09-02 CA CA2770947A patent/CA2770947C/fr active Active
- 2009-09-02 WO PCT/FR2009/001052 patent/WO2011027038A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2009-09-02 BR BR112012004763-9A patent/BR112012004763B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2009-09-02 CN CN201610674500.2A patent/CN106282451A/zh active Pending
- 2009-09-02 CN CN2009801612252A patent/CN102482723A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB218647A (en) * | 1923-07-03 | 1925-09-25 | Commentry Fourchambault Et Dec | Process of treatment of ore in blast furnaces by the injection of powdered combustible concurrently with the use of a charge of coke |
| AT399724B (de) * | 1992-10-08 | 1995-07-25 | Voest Alpine Stahl | Verfahren zum herstellen von roheisen unter optimaler nutzung der kohlengrundlage |
| WO2006011774A1 (fr) * | 2004-07-30 | 2006-02-02 | Posco | Appareil pour fabriquer du fer fondu par injection de kerosene dans un pot de fusion-gazeifieur et procede pour l'utiliser |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BR112012004763A2 (pt) | 2020-12-08 |
| CA2770947C (fr) | 2015-06-16 |
| CA2770947A1 (fr) | 2011-03-10 |
| CN106282451A (zh) | 2017-01-04 |
| CN102482723A (zh) | 2012-05-30 |
| BR112012004763B1 (pt) | 2022-08-16 |
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